ABSTRACT
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group that includes a wide spectrum of clinically similar diseases manifested by oligoarticular arthritis and axial or peripheral ankylosis. Although axial SpA is predominant in Caucasians and adult-onset patients, juvenile-onset and Latin American patients are characterized by severe peripheral arthritis and particularly foot involvement. The peripheral involvement of SpA can vary from tarsal arthritis to the most severe form named ankylosing tarsitis (AT). Although the cause and etiopathogenesis of axSpA are often studied, the specific characteristics of pSpA are unknown. Several animal models of SpA develop initial tarsitis and foot ankylosis as the main signs, emphasizing the role of foot inflammation in the overall SpA spectrum. In this review, we attempt to highlight the clinical characteristics of foot involvement in SpA and update the knowledge regarding its pathogenesis, focusing on animal models and the role of mechanical forces in inflammation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis (SpA) (< 16 years) and compare them with a group of adult-onset (≥ 16 years) SpA patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, observational and multicentric cohort with 1,424 patients with the diagnosis of SpA according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) submitted to a common protocol of investigation and recruited in 29 reference centers participants of the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE - Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites). Patients were divided in two groups: age at onset<16 years (JOSpA group) and age at onset ≥ 16 years (AOSpA group). RESULTS: Among the 1,424 patients, 235 presented disease onset before 16 years (16.5%). The clinical and epidemiologic variables associated with JOSpA were male gender (p<0.001), lower limb arthritis (p=0.001), enthesitis (p=0.008), anterior uveitis (p=0.041) and positive HLA-B27 (p=0.017), associated with lower scores of disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index - BASDAI; p=0.007) and functionality (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index - BASFI; p=0.036). Cutaneous psoriasis (p<0.001), inflammatory bowel disease (p=0.023), dactylitis (p=0.024) and nail involvement (p=0.004) were more frequent in patients with adult-onset SpA. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with JOSpA in this large Brazilian cohort were characterized predominantly by male gender, peripheral involvement (arthritis and enthesitis), positive HLA-B27 and lower disease scores.
Subject(s)
Spondylarthritis/diagnosis , Spondylarthritis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age of Onset , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Spondylitis, Ankylosing , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo Analisar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas das espondiloartrites (EpA) de início juvenil (< 16 anos) e compará-las com um grupo de pacientes com EspA de início na vida adulta (≥ 16 anos). Pacientes e métodos Coorte prospectiva, observacional e multicêntrica com 1.424 pacientes com diagnóstico de EspA de acordo com o European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) submetidos a um protocolo comum de investigação e recrutados em 29 centros de referência participantes do Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites (RBE). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: idade no início<16 anos (grupo EspAiJ) e idade no início ≥ 16 anos. Resultados Entre os 1.424 pacientes, 235 manifestaram o início da doença antes dos 16 anos (16,5%). As variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas associadas com a EspAiJ foram: gênero masculino (p<0,001), artrite em membro inferior (p=0,001), entesite (p=0,008), uveíte anterior (p=0,041) e HLA-B27 positivo (p=0,017), em associação com escores mais baixos de atividade da doença (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index – BASDAI; p=0,007) e de capacidade funcional (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index – BASFI; p=0,036). A psoríase cutânea (p<0,001), a doença inflamatória intestinal (p=0,023), a dactilite (p=0,024) e o envolvimento ungueal (p=0,004) foram mais frequentes em pacientes com EspA de início na vida adulta. Conclusões Nessa grande coorte brasileira, os pacientes com EspAiJ se caracterizavam predominantemente pelo gênero masculino, envolvimento periférico (artrite e entesite), HLA-B27 positivo e escores de doença mais baixos. .
Objective To analyze the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis (SpA) (< 16 years) and compare them with a group of adult-onset (≥ 16 years) SpA patients. Patients and methods Prospective, observational and multicentric cohort with 1,424 patients with the diagnosis of SpA according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) submitted to a common protocol of investigation and recruited in 29 reference centers participants of the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE – Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites). Patients were divided in two groups: age at onset<16 years (JOSpA group) and age at onset ≥ 16 years (AOSpA group). Results Among the 1,424 patients, 235 presented disease onset before 16 years (16.5%). The clinical and epidemiologic variables associated with JOSpA were male gender (p<0.001), lower limb arthritis (p=0.001), enthesitis (p=0.008), anterior uveitis (p=0.041) and positive HLA-B27 (p=0.017), associated with lower scores of disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index – BASDAI; p=0.007) and functionality (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index – BASFI; p=0.036). Cutaneous psoriasis (p<0.001), inflammatory bowel disease (p=0.023), dactylitis (p=0.024) and nail involvement (p=0.004) were more frequent in patients with adult-onset SpA. Conclusions Patients with JOSpA in this large Brazilian cohort were characterized predominantly by male gender, peripheral involvement (arthritis and enthesitis), positive HLA-B27 and lower disease scores. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Spondylitis, Ankylosing , Spondylarthritis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Age of Onset , Spondylarthritis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Chronic inflammatory axial pain is an uncommon pediatric syndrome, brings a number of diseases affecting the axial skeleton. It is characterized by unknown etiology, with recognizing genetic susceptibility factors. The medical clinician should be performed to establish the diagnosis, making accurate therapy for long-term success and working to get a good quality of life. Current classifications established for children and young patients forms are limited by the pediatric medical short follow-up age. Two international classifications (a) International League of Associations for Rheumatology and (b) Classification of juvenile spondyloarthropathies Spondylarthropathy European group Study Group to achieve approximate diagnosis for pediatric rheumatology forms. The adult rheumatologist usually who will establish the definitive diagnosis and prognosis. The chronic inflammatory axial pain needs an unification of classification criteria for children and adults in order to facilitate the scientific communication and medical transition.
El dolor axial inflamatorio crónico es una entidad infrecuente en Pediatría, y agrupa una serie de patologías que afectan el esqueleto axial. este grupo de enfermedades son de etiología aún desconocida, reconociendo factores de susceptibilidad genética en ellas. Su importancia está en el enfoque que el clínico debe realizar para establecer el diagnóstico, realizar una terapia precoz para obtener buenos resultados a largo plazo y procurar que el paciente obtenga una buena calidad de vida. Las clasificaciones actuales establecidas para las formas infantojuveniles se ven limitadas por lo breve del periodo de seguimiento etario, además que se hace necesario aplicar dos clasificaciones internacionales (a) International League of Associations for Rheumatology y (b) Clasificación de Espondiloartropatías Juveniles del European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group para lograr el diagnóstico aproximado. Es necesario considerar que en muchos casos será el reumatólogo de adultos quien establecerá el diagnóstico y pronóstico definitivo. Se reconoce que este grupo de patología inflamatoria crónica requiere unificación de criterios de clasificación en niños y adultos para facilitar la comunicación científica y de transición.