[Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Prediction of Carbon Storage in Kunming City Based on InVEST and CA-Markov Model].

Land use/cover change is an important driving factor for carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems and affects the carbon cycle of the whole ecosystem. Taking Kunming City as a case study, based on the modified carbon density coefficient, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of carbon storage changes in the terrestrial ecosystem under different land use scenarios from 2000 to 2020 and "three-line" constraints by coupling the carbon storage module of the InVEST model and CA-Markov model. The results showed that:① cultivated land, forest land, and grassland were the main types of land use in Kunming City, and land use transfer also occurred among the three types. ② From 2000 to 2020, the overall carbon storage in Kunming City was low in the south and high in the north, and the carbon storage decreased yearly with a cumulative loss of 5.27×106 t. The degradation of forest land and grassland was the main reason for the decrease in carbon storage. ③ From 2020 to 2030, the carbon storage of the four scenarios should decrease, and the decline in carbon storage in the inertia development scenario was the most obvious, which was mainly caused by the rapid expansion of construction land. The cultivated land protection scenario effectively slowed down the reduction in carbon storage compared with the inertia development scenario. The ecological protection scenario could enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the study area, with carbon storage reaching 262.49×106 t, but could not effectively control the reduction in cultivated land area. The scenario of preventing urban expansion effectively inhibited the disorderly expansion of construction land and indirectly prevented further reduction in carbon storage. Therefore, the cultivated land protection scenario, ecological protection scenario, and urban expansion prevention scenario can be considered comprehensively in the study area, which could not only increase the carbon sink space of the study area but also ensure food and ecological security.

Spatio-temporal evolution and prediction of carbon storage in Kunming based on PLUS and InVEST models.

Carbon storage is a critical ecosystem service provided by terrestrial environmental systems that can effectively reduce regional carbon emissions and is critical for achieving carbon neutrality and carbon peak. We conducted a study in Kunming and analyzed the land utilization data for 2000, 2010, and 2020. We assessed the features of land utilization conversion and forecasted land utilization under three development patterns in 2030 on the basis of the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model. We used the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to estimate changes in carbon storage trends under three development scenarios in 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030 and the impact of socioeconomic and natural factors on carbon storage. The results of the study indicated that (1) carbon storage is intimately associated with land utilization practices. Carbon storage in Kunming in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was 1.146 × 108 t, 1.139 × 108 t, and 1.120 × 108 t, respectively. During the 20 years, forest land decreased by 142.28 km2, and the decrease in forest land area caused a loss of carbon storage. (2) Carbon storage in 2030 was predicted to be 1.102 × 108 t, 1.136 × 108 t, and 1.105 × 108 t, respectively, under the trend continuation scenario, eco-friendly scenario, and comprehensive development scenario, indicating that implementing ecological protection and cultivated land protection measures can facilitate regional ecosystem carbon storage restoration. (3) Impervious surfaces and vegetation have the greatest influence on carbon storage for the study area. A spatial global and local negative correlation was found between impervious surface coverage and ecosystem carbon storage. A spatial global and local positive correlation was found between NDVI and ecosystem carbon storage. Therefore, ecological and farmland protection policies need to be strengthened, the expansion of impervious surfaces should be strictly controlled, and vegetation coverage should be improved.

[Investigation on Demodex infections among university students in Kunming City].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Demodex infection among students in Kunming Medical University, and identify the factors affecting Demodex infections, so as to provide the evidence for the development of the strategy for the prevention of Demodex infections. METHODS: A total of 1 463 students from Grade 2014 who studied Medical Parasitology in Kunming Medical University were included in the survey. Demodex was examined in students'facial skin using the cellophane tape method, and the species was identified using microscopy. The students'gender, ethnicity, place of origin and skin type were captured using a questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Demodex infections was 19.07% (279/1 463) on the facial skin among the university students, and a higher prevalence was seen in girls (21.16%, 183/865) than in boys (16.05%, 96/598) (χ2 =5.965,P <0.05).TheprevalenceofDemodex infectionswas18.33%(66/360)amongminorethnicstudents,andnoethnicity-specific prevalence was seen (P > 0.05). Demodex folliculorum was the predominant species, with a prevalence of 50.54% (141/279), and mild infections were predominant among all infections (96.77%, 270/279), without severe infections seen. Multivariate nonconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that gender and roommates with Demodex infections were risk factors of Demodex infections, and the infection was not associated with ethnicity, place of origin or skin type. There were only 2.53% (37/1 463) of the subjects understanding the knowledge pertaining to the prevention and control of Demodex infection. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively low prevalence of Demodex infection is detected in the facial skin of students from Kunming Medical University, and Demodex infection is associated with gender and roommates with Demodex infections. Health education pertaining to the prevention of Demodex infections is suggested to be intensified among university students.

Investigation on Demodex infections among university students in Kunming City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Demodex infection among students in Kunming Medical University, and identify the factors affecting Demodex infections, so as to provide the evidence for the development of the strategy for the prevention of Demodex infections. Methods A total of 1 463 students from Grade 2014 who studied Medical Parasitology in Kunming Medical University were included in the survey. Demodex was examined in students’facial skin using the cellophane tape method, and the species was identified using microscopy. The students’gender, ethnicity, place of origin and skin type were captured using a questionnaire survey. Results The overall prevalence of Demodex infections was 19.07% (279/1 463) on the facial skin among the university students, and a higher prevalence was seen in girls (21.16%, 183/865) than in boys (16.05%, 96/598) (χ2 =5.965,P <0.05).TheprevalenceofDemodex infectionswas18.33%(66/360)amongminorethnicstudents,andnoethnicity-specific prevalence was seen (P > 0.05). Demodex folliculorum was the predominant species, with a prevalence of 50.54% (141/279), and mild infections were predominant among all infections (96.77%, 270/279), without severe infections seen. Multivariate nonconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that gender and roommates with Demodex infections were risk factors of Demodex infections, and the infection was not associated with ethnicity, place of origin or skin type. There were only 2.53% (37/1 463) of the subjects understanding the knowledge pertaining to the prevention and control of Demodex infection. Conclusions A relatively low prevalence of Demodex infection is detected in the facial skin of students from Kunming Medical University, and Demodex infection is associated with gender and roommates with Demodex infections. Health education pertaining to the prevention of Demodex infections is suggested to be intensified among university students.

Rotavirus A pathogen surveillance and gene typing analysis in Kunming city of Yunnan province from July 2014 to June 2015 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the infectious status and etiological characteristics of rotavirus A (RVA) from children less than five years old in the Kunming city of Yunnan province from July 2014 to June 2015, to provide basic data and methodological references for the disease surveillance, and controling outbreak cases investigations as well as vaccine research and development.@*Methods@#Stool samples were collected from 1 121 diarrhea cases and 319 healthy controls in four sentinel hospitals and transported to laboratory. Two-step reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the presence of RVA in each stool specimen. Suspicious positive specimens of gel electrophoresis was further sequenced to make definite diagnosis of RVA infection. Each RVA positive stool specimen was confirmed with sequencing which was conducted the semi-nested multiplex RT-PCR to detect six G genotypes and six P genotypes.@*Results@#Total 244 samples from the 1 212 diarrhea patients were detected positive for RVA and the total positive rate was 21.8%. G typing of group A rotavirus mainly showed G9(66.4%, n=156), G3(18.7%, n=44), G1(8.9%, n=21)and G8(1.7%, n=4). P typing mainly showed P[8](92.8%, n=218)and P[4](4.7%, n=11); G/P combination genotypes were composed mainly of G9P[8](57.0%, n=134), G3P[8](18.3%, n=43) and G1P[8](8.9%, n=21). The detection rate of RVA in diarrhea patients had obvious seasonal distribution (χ2=46.3, P<0.001), with the prevalent peak in winter (31.2%), and the seasonal distribution of G9P[8](χ2=27.3, P<0.001), G1P[8](χ2=8.2, P<0.039)and G3P[8](χ2=10.2, P<0.042) had strong seasonal pattern with a peak in winter equally. In the subjects under five years, the detection rate of G9P[8](14.9%, 2.9%, χ2=18.1, P<0.001) and G3P[8](4.4%, 0.5%, χ2=5.6, P<0.018) from diarrhea cases were higher than that of in healthy controls, respectively.@*Conclusion@#There existed rather high infection rate of RVA in acute diarrhea cases in Yunnan province, which can be divided into a variety of genotypes, G9P[8]was the dominant genotype.

Analysis of Fatigue and Related Health and Safety Risk Factors Among Taxi Drivers in Kunming / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To determine the prevalence of fatigue among taxi drivers in Kunming city,to better understand their general working and health conditions,and to determine the risk factors associated with fatigued driving.Methods A total of 400 taxi drivers were randomly selected for participation in a self-administered questionnaire survey,which included height and weight measurements.The response rate was 88.3％.The survey consisted of four main categories:personal particulars,social habits,work patterns and sleep profile.The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to estimate the level of daytime sleepiness and fatigue.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odd ratios and 95％ confidence interval associated with risk factors related to fatigue among taxi drivers.Results A high proportion of taxi drivers were obese and had self-reported hypertension,diabetes mellitus and high cholesterol.Driver fatigue was associated with very poor/poor self-rating of quality of sleep,having an additional part-time job,and driving more than 10 hours a day.Conclusion The findings of the present study will improve awareness of the work and health conditions of taxi drivers,and contribute toward efforts to achieve a healthier workforce.A lower prevalence of fatigued driving may lead to lower risks of road traffic accidents,lower economic loss,higher productivity,and safer roads for all.

Epidemiological survey of affective disorder in Kunming City / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of affective disorder in Kunming City. Methods: A rep-resentative sample of the Kunming general population composed of 5033 individuals aged 15 years and older was se-lecteed randomly by the method of probability proportional to size (PPS), and then was interviewed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 2.1 (CIDI, version 2.1).The preva-lence of affective disorder was investigated. And the relative factors, onset age and comorbid were also analyzed. Results: The 30-duy prevalence of affective disorder was 0.98%, the 12-month prevalence was 1.22%,and the lifetime prevalence was 1.89%. The results of the single factor analysis showed that the urban residents, the persons who divorced, limited divorced or lost one's spouse, and the unemployed or the higher educated were more vulnerable to depression. The results of the multifactor analysis showed that the rural residents and the males were protective factors to affective disorder. Different subunits of affective disorder had different onset ages. The onset age of 90% bipolar disorder patients was before 25 years old. The patients before 50 years old was risky to dysthy-mia. The patients with major depression had a lifetime risk of onset. Anxiety disorder and pain disorder would in-crease the risk of affective disorder. Conclusion: The findings show that the prevalence of the affective disorder is lower than the same kind survey abroad while it is close to the domestic's. More attention and intervention should been given to the urban population, the females, the singles, the unemployed, and the higher educationed.