Uso da termografia e ultrassonografia power dopplerpara avaliação da resposta tecidual em falhas ósseas preenchidas com biomaterial em ovinos / Termography and power doppler sonography assessment for tissue response evaluation in sheep bone defects filled with biomaterial

Biomateriaistem diversas indicações como auxiliares no processo de reparação óssea, além de terem função de substituto ósseo em perdas extensas. Diversas são as vantagens de sua utilização, como por exemplo, auxílio na osteocondutividade, estímulo de neovascularização, potencial antimicrobiano, entre outros. Falhas ósseas foram realizadas nas tíbias de seis ovinos da raça Santa Inês e preenchidas com biomaterial à base de quitosana, colágeno e hidroxiapatita. Um membro foi considerado controle e outro membro tratado segundo estudo randomizado. Foram realizadas avaliações termográficas e por ultrassonografia Power Dopplerem todos os animais do estudo, semanalmente, nos dias D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D35, D42 e D56. Não houve diferenças significativas com relação à temperatura mínima, máxima e média entre os grupos com biomaterial e controle nas imagens termográficas. Houveram variações com relação ao tempo dentro de ambos os grupos. Com relação à presença de vasos na ultrassonografia Power Dopplernão houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos, exceto no dia 21 (P=0,031). Dentro das possibilidades de avaliação que os exames de imagem fornecem, a termografia e a ultrassonografia Power Dopplermostraram-se ferramentas não invasivas de avaliação pós-operatória de processo inflamatório e neovascularização, sendo realizadas semanalmente, permitindo acompanhamento fidedigno e detalhado ao longo do experimento, sem gerar desconforto ou estresse aos animais. Não houve indícios de complicações relacionadas ao biomaterial.(AU)

Biomaterials have several indications supporting the bone repair process, besides having bone substitute function in extensive losses. There are several advantages of its use, such as contribution in osteoconductivity, stimulation of neovascularization, antimicrobial potential, among others.Tibial bone defects was performed in six Santa Inês breed ewes and implanted with chitosan, collagen and hydroxyapatite biomaterial. One limb was considered the control limb and the other one the biomateriallimb, chosenrandomly. Thermographic and Power Dopplersonography was performed in all animals, weekly for 56 days. The thermography showed no significant differences related to low, high and mean temperature between the control and the biomaterial groups. Statisticalvariations were found between time in both groups. The visualization of neovascularization with the Power Dopplersonography did not present statistical differences, except for day 21 (P=0,031). Within the possibilities provided by imaging exams, thermography and Power Doppler sonography demonstrate to be non-invasive methods for post-operative evaluation of inflammatory process and neovascularization. The weekly management allowed reliable and detailed monitoring throughout the experiment, without causingdiscomfort or stress to the animals. There was no evidence of biomaterial complications.(AU)

Estabilização cirúrgica da coluna vertebral cervical em ovino / Cervical spinal cord surgical stabilization in a sheep

Background: Trauma is the main cause of spinal fractures and dislocations in humans and large animals. Clinical signspresent with acute onset and vary according to the location and severity of the spinal cord injury. The treatment of fractures in large animals depends on economic value, cost of procedures, prognosis, location and type of fracture. However,although spinal fractures in large animals are not uncommon, the literature about their clinical aspects and treatment isscanty. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to describe a surgical stabilization of atlantoaxial subluxation, fracture ofthe third cervical vertebra and C2-C3 subluxation.Case: An approximately 2-year-old Île-de-France sheep, weighing 101 kg, with a history of cervical trauma and nonambulatory tetraparesis was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Institution (UNIPAMPA). During physical examination, the animal presented good general physical condition and heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature was accordingto physiological parameters for the species. The animal remained in lateral decubitus, with minimal head and limb movements, and exhibited deep pain sensitivity. Clinical treatment with dexamethasone, limb physiotherapy and change inlateral decubitus position were employed, but failed to improve the animals condition. After five days of unresponsive toclinical treatment, the patient was referred to the neurology department, where it underwent neurological examination andradiographic examination of the cervical region was performed under general anesthesia. The radiographic examinationrevealed atlantoaxial subluxation, by displacement of the odontoid process into the vertebral canal, fracture of the thirdcervical vertebra and C2-C3 vertebral subluxation. The surgical planning aimed cervical vertebral instability repair usingatlantoaxial arthrodesis associated the stabilization of C1-C2 and C2-C3 vertebrae with Schanz pins and bone cement...(AU)

Estabilização cirúrgica da coluna vertebral cervical em ovino / Cervical spinal cord surgical stabilization in a sheep

Background: Trauma is the main cause of spinal fractures and dislocations in humans and large animals. Clinical signspresent with acute onset and vary according to the location and severity of the spinal cord injury. The treatment of fractures in large animals depends on economic value, cost of procedures, prognosis, location and type of fracture. However,although spinal fractures in large animals are not uncommon, the literature about their clinical aspects and treatment isscanty. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to describe a surgical stabilization of atlantoaxial subluxation, fracture ofthe third cervical vertebra and C2-C3 subluxation.Case: An approximately 2-year-old Île-de-France sheep, weighing 101 kg, with a history of cervical trauma and nonambulatory tetraparesis was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Institution (UNIPAMPA). During physical examination, the animal presented good general physical condition and heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature was accordingto physiological parameters for the species. The animal remained in lateral decubitus, with minimal head and limb movements, and exhibited deep pain sensitivity. Clinical treatment with dexamethasone, limb physiotherapy and change inlateral decubitus position were employed, but failed to improve the animal’s condition. After five days of unresponsive toclinical treatment, the patient was referred to the neurology department, where it underwent neurological examination andradiographic examination of the cervical region was performed under general anesthesia. The radiographic examinationrevealed atlantoaxial subluxation, by displacement of the odontoid process into the vertebral canal, fracture of the thirdcervical vertebra and C2-C3 vertebral subluxation. The surgical planning aimed cervical vertebral instability repair usingatlantoaxial arthrodesis associated the stabilization of C1-C2 and C2-C3 vertebrae with Schanz pins and bone cement...

Aplicabilidade da radioterapia em medicina equina - revisão de literatura

A radioterapia utiliza radiação ionizante com a finalidade de destruir ou impedir a multiplicação desordenada das células neoplásicas. Em equinos, a radioterapia é a modalidade de escolha para vários tipos de câncer e há um crescente número de relatos de sua eficácia. Esta revisão descreveu a aplicabilidade da radioterapia na medicina equina. Após as informações explanadas, foi possível identificar as principais limitações na aplicabilidade da radioterapia na medicina equina. Os relatos apresentados no decorrer desta revisão destacaram-se as qualidades desta prática nos inúmeros casos, o que pode direcionar e incentivar novos estudos e crescimento desta modalidade terapeuta.

Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation for the purpose of destroying or preventing the disordered multiplication of neoplastic cells. In equines, radiotherapy is the modality of choice for various types of cancer and there is an increasing number of reports of its effectiveness. This review described the applicability of radiotherapy to equine medicine. After the information explained, it was possible to identify the main limitations on the applicability of radiotherapy in equine medicine. The reports presented during this review highlighted the qualities of this practice in the numerous cases, which may direct and encourage new studies and growth of this modality therapist.

Aplicabilidade da radioterapia em medicina equina - revisão de literatura

A radioterapia utiliza radiação ionizante com a finalidade de destruir ou impedir a multiplicação desordenada das células neoplásicas. Em equinos, a radioterapia é a modalidade de escolha para vários tipos de câncer e há um crescente número de relatos de sua eficácia. Esta revisão descreveu a aplicabilidade da radioterapia na medicina equina. Após as informações explanadas, foi possível identificar as principais limitações na aplicabilidade da radioterapia na medicina equina. Os relatos apresentados no decorrer desta revisão destacaram-se as qualidades desta prática nos inúmeros casos, o que pode direcionar e incentivar novos estudos e crescimento desta modalidade terapeuta.(AU)

Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation for the purpose of destroying or preventing the disordered multiplication of neoplastic cells. In equines, radiotherapy is the modality of choice for various types of cancer and there is an increasing number of reports of its effectiveness. This review described the applicability of radiotherapy to equine medicine. After the information explained, it was possible to identify the main limitations on the applicability of radiotherapy in equine medicine. The reports presented during this review highlighted the qualities of this practice in the numerous cases, which may direct and encourage new studies and growth of this modality therapist.(AU)

Achievements and unmet promises of assisted reproduction technologies in large animals: a personal perspective

This paper gives an overview of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in livestock species coming from the author’s direct experience and contribution to the development of several of them. The assessment is conducted on the basis of the progress achieved since the early eighties and the impact on the clinical/practical use of such procedures. Artificial insemination (AI) is still the leading technology used on a large scale in livestock with most favourable cost benefit ratio. All the other ARTs have niche applications compared to AI. Significant progress has been achieved in embryo culture, somatic cell nuclear transfer and on the identification of the many unknown variables affecting the success rate, while in areas such as superovulation, oocyte maturation, IVF, embryonic stem cells and cryopreservation progress has been limited or absent. It is the opinion of the author that ARTs have reached a plateau whereby only minimal improvement of efficiency can be achieved. Significant advances can only come from major breakthrough in the understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms.

Achievements and unmet promises of assisted reproduction technologies in large animals: a personal perspective

This paper gives an overview of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in livestock species coming from the authors direct experience and contribution to the development of several of them. The assessment is conducted on the basis of the progress achieved since the early eighties and the impact on the clinical/practical use of such procedures. Artificial insemination (AI) is still the leading technology used on a large scale in livestock with most favourable cost benefit ratio. All the other ARTs have niche applications compared to AI. Significant progress has been achieved in embryo culture, somatic cell nuclear transfer and on the identification of the many unknown variables affecting the success rate, while in areas such as superovulation, oocyte maturation, IVF, embryonic stem cells and cryopreservation progress has been limited or absent. It is the opinion of the author that ARTs have reached a plateau whereby only minimal improvement of efficiency can be achieved. Significant advances can only come from major breakthrough in the understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms.(AU)

Alternative strategies for nuclear reprogramming in Somatic Cell Nuclear transfer (SCNT)

Twenty Years passed by since the production of Dolly the sheep, but despite significant technical progress has been achieved in the manipulation procedures, the proportion of offspring following transfer of SCNT embryos has remained almost unchanged in farm animals. Remarkable progress has been obtained instead in laboratory animals, particularly by Japanese Groups, in the mouse. However, the nuclear reprogramming strategies tested in mouse do not always work in farm animals, and others are difficult to be implemented, for require complicated molecular biology tools unavailable yet in large animals. In this review we put in contest the previous work done in farm and laboratory animals with recent achievements obtained in our laboratory, and we also indicate a road map to increase the reliability of SCNT procedures.

Alternative strategies for nuclear reprogramming in Somatic Cell Nuclear transfer (SCNT)

Twenty Years passed by since the production of Dolly the sheep, but despite significant technical progress has been achieved in the manipulation procedures, the proportion of offspring following transfer of SCNT embryos has remained almost unchanged in farm animals. Remarkable progress has been obtained instead in laboratory animals, particularly by Japanese Groups, in the mouse. However, the nuclear reprogramming strategies tested in mouse do not always work in farm animals, and others are difficult to be implemented, for require complicated molecular biology tools unavailable yet in large animals. In this review we put in contest the previous work done in farm and laboratory animals with recent achievements obtained in our laboratory, and we also indicate a road map to increase the reliability of SCNT procedures.(AU)

Blood and blood component transfusion in large animals / Transfusão de sangue e seus derivados em grandes animais

The article desribes the indications for blood and blood component transfusion in large animals, also tracing coments on choosing a blood donor and blood compatibility testing, blood collection, the transfusion and possible adverse reactions.

O artigo descreve as indicações para a transfusão de sangue e seus derivados em grandes animais, abordando também a escolha de doadores e testes de compatibilidade sangüínea, a colheita de sangue, a transfusão propriamente dita e possíveis reações adversas.

Blood and blood component transfusion in large animals / Transfusão de sangue e seus derivados em grandes animais

The article desribes the indications for blood and blood component transfusion in large animals, also tracing coments on choosing a blood donor and blood compatibility testing, blood collection, the transfusion and possible adverse reactions.

O artigo descreve as indicações para a transfusão de sangue e seus derivados em grandes animais, abordando também a escolha de doadores e testes de compatibilidade sangûínea, a colheita de sangue, a transfusão propriamente dita e possíveis reações adversas.

Blood and blood component transfusion in large animals / Transfusão de sangue e seus derivados em grandes animais

The article desribes the indications for blood and blood component transfusion in large animals, also tracing coments on choosing a blood donor and blood compatibility testing, blood collection, the transfusion and possible adverse reactions.

O artigo descreve as indicações para a transfusão de sangue e seus derivados em grandes animais, abordando também a escolha de doadores e testes de compatibilidade sangüínea, a colheita de sangue, a transfusão propriamente dita e possíveis reações adversas.