Laser therapy in wound healing associated with diabetes mellitus - Review

Abstract: The article discusses the results of a literature review on the application of low intensity laser therapy on the healing of wounds associated diabetes mellitus in the last 10 years. Objective: To determine the most effective parameter in healing wounds related to diabetes mellitus, as well as the most widely used type of laser. Methodology: consisted of bibliographic searching the databases Bireme, SciELO, PubMed/Medline and Lilacs by using the keywords related to the topic. Were selected from these keywords, papers discussing the use of laser on wounds associated with diabetes, published in the period 2005-2014, in Portuguese or English. Results: After analyzing the research, 12 studies consistent with the theme were selected. Conclusion: Based on this review, the studies that showed more satisfactory results in healing diabetic wounds were those who applied energy densities in the range of 3-5 J/cm2, power densities equal to or below 0.2 W/cm2 and continuous emission. The He-Ne laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm was used more often.

Evaluation of laser phototherapy (λ 780 nm) after dental replantation in rats.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Tooth replantation is the treatment of choice in cases of avulsion although the outcomes are variable. The teeth can be lost due to external root resorption. The aim of this study was to histologically assess of the effect of laser phototherapy (λ780 nm) on replanted teeth in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty Wistar Albinus rats had their maxillary right incisors extracted and were then divided into four groups: G1-absence of storage medium; G2-milk as storage medium; G3-milk as storage medium followed by a laser irradiation of the root surfaces and entrance of the alveolus (λ = 780 nm; P = 70 mW; CW; DE = 21 J/cm2 ); G4-milk as storage medium, laser irradiation as in G3 before replantation. After this procedure, laser irradiation was performed on the buccal and palatal mucosa (8.4 J/cm2 per session) every 48 h for 15 days. The animals were euthanized 15, 30, and 60 days after replantation. RESULTS: The histological results showed that after 15 days, G4 exhibited intense chronic inflammation with the presence of clastic cells and moderate external inflammatory root resorption (P < 0.05) when compared with G3, in which these outcomes were not observed. At the 30th day, G1, G2, and G4 showed chronic inflammation varying from discrete to moderate, as well as intense external inflammatory root resorption. G3 remained without any inflammation and external inflammatory root resorption up to the 60th day. CONCLUSIONS: The use of laser phototherapy on the root surface and at the entrance of the alveolus prior to replantation had a positive biomodulative effect on alveolar repair after tooth replantation in rats.

Tratamento da neuralgia pós-herpética com irradiações a laser de baixa intensidade: revisão da literatura / Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with low-level laser irradiation: literature review

OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o tratamento da neuralgia pós-herpética com irradiações a laser de baixa intensidade. MÉTODOS: A revisão foi realizada nos meses de novembro a dezembro de 2015 nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e Medline, utilizando-se os descritores "herpes zoster", "neuralgia" e "terapia a laser de baixa intensidade" e seus correspondentes termos em inglês. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos disponíveis na íntegra, publicados em português, inglês, alemão ou espanhol, no período compreendido entre 2008 a 2015. Os critérios de exclusão foram textos incompletos, artigos que não abordaram diretamente a temática do estudo e repetição de um mesmo artigo na mesma ou em diferentes bases de dados, nesse caso sendo considerado apenas um deles. RESULTADOS: A partir dos descritores utilizados foram encontrados 32 estudos. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram selecionados 15 artigos para leitura, dos quais foram excluídos dois por repetição e um por não apresentar resultados relevantes a esta pesquisa. Dessa forma, 11 estudos foram incluídos na revisão, dos quais cinco foram realizados nos Estados Unidos, dois no Brasil, dois na Alemanha e dois na Itália, sendo quatro ensaios clínicos, duas revisões sistemáticas e cinco relatos de casos. Os 11 estudos encontraram resultados positivos após aplicação do laser, principalmente diminuição da dor, e apenas um artigo mencionou pouca redução da neuralgia. Nos três estudos que informaram os parâmetros de irradiação estes não foram uniformes, sendo a média do comprimento de onda 740,6 nm, a média da potência 28 mW e a média do tempo de irradiação por ponto 53,4 segundos. Quanto ao número de sessões, houve grande variação, com uma média de aproximadamente 12 sessões em dia alternados. CONCLUSÕES: A terapia com laser de baixa intensidade ofereceu resultados positivos aos pacientes com neuralgia pós-herpética, entretanto não há um consenso quanto aos parâmetros a serem utilizados. Em razão dos diferentes protocolos descritos, é importante realizar mais estudos que auxiliem a padronizar os parâmetros dessa terapia aplicados à neuralgia pós-herpética.

AIMS: To perform a literature review on the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with low-intensity laser irradiation. METHODS: The review was conducted in November and December 2015 by searching the terms "herpes zoster", "neuralgia", "low-level laser therapy", and "low-intensity laser therapy" in the LILACS, SciELO, and Medline databases. Full articles published in Portuguese, English, German, or Spanish between 2008 and 2015 were included. Incomplete articles, those that did not directly address the topic of interest, and those appearing in the same or in different databases were excluded. In the latter case, only one article was included. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were selected using the search terms. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 15 studies were read; two of them were excluded for being available in more than one database and one was eliminated for not adding relevant information. Therefore, 11 studies were included in the review: five of them conducted in the United States, two in Brazil, two in Germany, and two in Italy. There were four clinical trials, two systematic reviews and five case reports. The 11 studies found positive results after laser application, especially reduction of pain, with only one article mentioning little reduction of neuralgia. In the three studies that reported the irradiation parameters, these have not been uniform, with a medium wavelength of 740.6 nm, a medium power of 28 mW and a medium time of irradiation per point of 53.4 seconds. There was great variation in the number of sessions, with an average of about 12 sessions on alternate days. CONSLUSIONS: The low-intensity laser therapy provided positive results to patients with postherpetic neuralgia, however there is no consensus about the parameters to be used. In view of the different protocols, it is important to perform new studies in order to standardize the lowintensity laser therapy parameters applied to postherpetic neuralgia.

Low-level laser therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of low-level laser treatment (LLLT) for chronic back pain remains controversial due to insufficient trial data. We aimed to conduct an updated review to determine if LLLT (including laser acupuncture) has specific benefits in chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP). METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for randomised trials using sham controls and blinded assessment examining the intervention of LLLT in adults with CNLBP. Primary outcomes were pain and global assessment of improvement with up to short-term follow-up. Secondary outcomes were disability, range of back movement, and adverse effects. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted. Subgroup analyses were based on laser dose, duration of baseline pain, and whether or not laser therapy used an acupuncture approach. RESULTS: 15 studies were selected involving 1039 participants. At immediate and short-term follow-up there was significant pain reduction of up to WMD (weighted mean difference) -1.40 cm (95% CI -1.91 to -0.88 cm) in favour of laser treatment, occurring in trials using at least 3 Joules (J) per point, with baseline pain <30 months and in non-acupuncture LLLT trials. Global assessment showed a risk ratio of 2.16 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.90) in favour of laser treatment in the same groups only at immediate follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated moderate quality of evidence (GRADE) to support a clinically important benefit in LLLT for CNLBP in the short term, which was only seen following higher laser dose interventions and in participants with a shorter duration of back pain. Rigorously blinded trials using appropriate laser dosage would provide greater certainty around this conclusion.

Estudo comparativo entre as técnicas de sutura término-lateral e coaptação com selante de fibrina na regeneração do nervo facial, associada ou não ao laser de baixa potência / Comparative study between the techniques of end-to-side suture and coaptation with fibrin sealant in the facial nerve regeneration, associated or not to the low-power laser

As lesões na face estão mais comuns na sociedade atual, envolvendo acidentes automobilísticos, quedas ou consequências iatrogênicas após procedimentos. Essas lesões podem afetar os nervos responsáveis pela musculatura facial repercutindo em alterações físicas, emocionais e psicossociais, por exemplo, no sistema estomatognático, na voz, na expressão e estética faciais, nos sentimentos e convívio social do indivíduo. Pesquisas atuais estão almejando melhores técnicas para o processo de reparo nervoso periférico e reabilitação funcional dessas lesões. As técnicas tradicionais como sutura epineural término-lateral e coaptação por meio de selante de fibrina são utilizadas com essa finalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reparação do ramo bucal do nervo facial lesionado por meio da técnica términolateral de duas diferentes formas: sutura epineural e o novo selante heterólogo de fibrina, associadas ou não ao tratamento com laser de baixa potência. Foram utilizados trinta e dois ratos (Rattus norvegiccus, Wistar) com 80 dias de vida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em Grupo Controle (GC; n=8), e Grupos Experimentais (Grupo Experimental Sutura - GES e Grupo Experimental Fibrina – GEF; n=12; Grupo Experimental Sutura Laser – GESL e Grupo Experimental Fibrina Laser – GEFL; n=12). Os animais do GC não receberam intervenção cirúrgica; no GES foi realizado, no lado direito da face, a secção do ramo bucal do nervo facial, onde o coto proximal foi suturado à tela subcutânea e o coto distal suturado de forma término-lateral ao ramo zigomático do nervo facial; no GEF, no lado esquerdo da face, foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos do GES, porém foi utilizada a coaptação com selante de fibrina do coto distal. Os grupos GESL e GEFL, além das técnicas descritas, receberam tratamento com aplicação de Laser Arseneto de Gálio Alumínio (GaAlAs), pulso contínuo, comprimento de onda de 830 nm, 6 J/cm2, por 24 segundos, três vezes por semana durante cinco semanas, em três...

The injuries on the face are more common in today's society, involving motor vehicle accidents, falls or iatrogenic consequences after procedures. These injuries can affect the nerves responsible for facial muscles reflecting in physical, emotional and psychosocial changes, for example in the stomatognathic system, in voice, facial expression and aesthetics, feelings and social life of the individual. Current researches are aiming best techniques to the process of peripheral nerve repair and functional rehabilitation of these injuries. Traditional techniques such as end-to-side epineural suture coaptation by fibrin sealants are used for this purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the repair of buccal branch of the facial nerve injured by end-toside technique in two different ways: epineural suture and the new heterologous fibrin sealant, associated or not to treatment with low power laser. Thirty-two rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar) were used. They were 80 days old and were randomly divided into Control Group (CG, n=8) and Experimental Groups (Experimental Suture Group – ESG and Experimental Fibrin Group - EFG; n=12; Experimental Suture Laser Group – ESLG and Experimental Fibrin Laser Group - EFLG; n=12). The CG animals did not receive surgery; the ESG was performed on the right side of the face, the section of the buccal branch of the facial nerve, where the proximal stump was sutured to the subcutaneous tissue and the distal stump sutured end-to-side portion of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve; EFG on the left side of the face, the same procedures were carried ESG, but was used coaptation with fibrin sealant of the distal stump. The groups ESLG and EFLG, and the techniques described, have been treated with the application of Laser Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs), continuous pulse, wave length 830 nm, 6J /cm2 for 24 seconds, three times per week for five weeks, at three points of the local operated from both sides. It also...

Aspirado de medula óssea e plasma rico em plaquetas, associados ou não à terapia com laser em baixa intensidade no reparo ósseo: estudo histomorfométrico e imunoistoquímico / Bone marrow aspirate and platelet-rich plasma combined or not with low-level laser therapy on bone healing: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study

Este estudo avaliou a influência do aspirado de medula óssea (AMO) e do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) associados ou não à terapia com laser em baixa intensidade (LLLT) no reparo ósseo de defeitos de tamanho crítico (DTC), criados cirurgicamente em calvárias de ratos. 96 ratos foram divididos em 6 grupos: C, PRP, AMO, LLLT, PRP/LLLT e AMO/LLLT. Um DTC de 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado na calvária de cada animal. No grupo C, o defeito foi preenchido com coágulo sanguíneo somente. Nos grupos PRP e AMO, o defeito foi preenchido com PRP e AMO, respectivamente. No grupo LLLT, o defeito recebeu aplicação da LLLT (InGaAlP), foi preenchido com coágulo sanguíneo e irradiado novamente. Nos grupos PRP/LLLT e AMO/LLLT, o defeito recebeu aplicação da LLLT, foi preenchido com PRP ou AMO, respectivamente e irradiado novamente. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 10 ou 30 dias pós-operatórios. Foram realizadas análises histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica. A área de osso neformado (AON) foi calculada como porcentagem da área total do defeito original. Foram realizadas reações imunoistoquímicas para detecção do antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA), proteínas morfogenéticas ósseas 2/4 (BMP-2/4) e osteocalcina (OCN). As células PCNA-positivas, BMP-2/4-positivas e OCN-positivas foram quantificadas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Aos 10 dias pós-operatórios, o grupo AMO apresentou AON significativamente maior que o grupo C. Aos 30 dias pós-operatórios, o grupo AMO apresentou AON significativamente maior que os grupos C e LLLT, bem como números significativamente maiores de células BMP-2/4-positivas e OCN-positivas que o grupo C. Dentro dos limites deste estudo, pode-se concluir que a terapia com AMO promoveu a regeneração óssea em defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvárias de ratos, tanto aos 10 dias como aos 30 dias pós-operatórios(AU)

This study evaluated the influence of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined or not with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone healing in surgically created critical-size defects (CSD) in rat calvaria. 96 rats were divided into 6 groups: C, PRP, BMA, LLLT, PRP/LLLT and BMA/LLLT. A 5 mm diameter CSD was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C, the defect was filled by blood clot only. In groups PRP and BMA, the defects were filled with PRP and BMA, respectively. In Group LLLT, the defect received laser irradiation (InGaAlP laser), was filled with blood clot and irradiated again. In groups PRP/LLLT and BMA/LLLT, the defect received laser irradiation (InGaAlP laser), was filled with PRP or BMA, respectively, and irradiated again. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days postoperative. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Newly formed bone area (NFBA) was calculated as a percentage of the total area of the original defect. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP-2/4) and osteocalcin (OCN) immunohistochemical staining were performed. PCNA-positive, BMP-2/4-positive and OCNpositive cells were quantified. Data were statistically analyzed. At 10 days postoperative, Group BMA presented significantly greater NFBA than control. At 30 days postoperative, Group BMA presented significantly greater NFBA than control and Group LLLT, as well as significantly higher numbers of BMP-2/4-positive and OCN-positive cells than control. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the treatment with BMA promoted bone regeneration in critical-size rat calvarial defects at both 10 and 30 days postoperative(AU)

Clinical efficacy of low-level laser therapy for androgenetic alopecia / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low?level laser therapy(LLLT)for androgenetic alopecia, and to compare the therapeutic effect of LLLT alone versus in combination with finasteride tablets. Methods Thirty?nine male patients were randomly divided into the LLLT group(n=21)and combination group(n=18)to be treated with LLLT alone or in combination with oral finasteride tablets(1 mg/d)for 6 months. LLLT was given twice a week, and each session lasted 30 minutes. All the patients were photographed and asked to fill a questionnaire about subjective symptoms, and hair density (the number of hairs per unit area on the scalp) was determined by using a dermatoscope to evaluate the grade of alopecia, before the treatment, and 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Results The hair density in the LLLT group was significantly higher after 6 months than after 3 months of treatment and before the treatment(184.59 ± 21.17 vs. 169.24 ± 29.21 and 166.67 ± 32.94 hairs/cm2, both P 0.05). The hair density in the combination group significantly increased after 6 and 3 months of treatment compared with that before the treatment(201.80 ± 16.55 and 186.39 ± 17.97 vs. 157.85 ± 27.97 hairs/cm2, both P 0.05), but the combination group showed increased hair density compared with the LLLT group after 3 and 6 months of treatment(both P 0.05). During the treatment, 24(62%)patients felt less greasy, and 22(56%)reported less hair loss, with no discomforts reported by the patients except local warm feeling. Conclusion LLLT is indeed effective for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia with no adverse reactions.

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Clinical Investigation.

OBJECTIVES: One major drawback of orthodontic treatment is its long duration due to slow tooth movement and the pain at the onset of treatment following application of forces. There is controversy regarding the efficacy of laser for decreasing the treatment time and pain of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low level diode laser on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and the associated pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 12 orthodontic patients referring to Shahid Beheshti School of Dentistry for first premolar extraction were randomly selected and allocated to gallium aluminum-arsenide laser (GA-AL-AS diode laser, 880 nm, 100 mW, 5 j/cm(2), 8 points, 80 seconds, continuous mode) or control group. The patients initially underwent leveling and alignment using the sectional system. Force (150 gr) was applied to each canine tooth via sectional closing loops. The loops were activated every month. The rate of tooth movement and pain were monitored over the treatment period and recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 30, 33, 37, 60, 63 and 67. Two-way ANOVA was used for comparison of groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in terms of tooth movement and pain scores between the irradiated and non-irradiated sides at any time point (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Although laser enhanced orthodontic tooth movement in the upper jaw, we failed to provide solid evidence to support the efficacy of laser for expediting tooth movement or reducing the associated pain.

Laser therapy, used in a specific dose, modulates pulmonary inflammatory processes in an experimental model of sepsis in rats / O uso da laserterapia em dose específica modula o processo inflamatório pulmonar em um modelo experimental de sepse em ratos / El uso de la láserterapia en dosis específica modula el proceso inflamatorio pulmonar en un modelo experimental de sepsis en ratones

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of LLLT in decreasing the lung inflammatory process in septic rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control group (CG), sepsis 24h (S24), sepsis and LLLT with 30 J/cm² (S24L30); sepsis and LLLT with 65 J/cm² (S24L65). The irradiation was performed immediately after surgery in the anterior region of the trachea and ventral regions of the chest, bilaterally, just below the ribs. Histological analysis of lung tissue was performed and the number of inflammatory cells was quantified. The S24 group showed an increase of inflammatory cells compared to the CG (p <0.01); S24L30 increased the number of inflammatory cells, while S24L65 decreased this number compared to S24 (both p<0.05); S24L65 had a lower number of inflammatory cells compared to S24L30 (p<0.01). In conclusion, LLLT at a specific energy dose (30J / cm²) was capable of decreasing the number of inflammatory cells in acute lung tissue inflammation due to sepsis.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a eficácia da LLLT na diminuição do processo inflamatório pulmonar em ratos sépticos. Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos (n=8): controle (CG); sepse 24h (S24); sepse e tratamento com LLLT 30 J/cm² (S24L30); sepse e tratamento com LLLT 65 J/cm² (S24L65). A irradiação foi realizada imediatamente após a cirurgia na região anterior de traqueia e nas regiões ventrais do tórax, bilateralmente, logo abaixo das costelas. Foi realizada análise histológica do tecido pulmonar e o número de células inflamatórias foi quantificado. O grupo S24 apresentou um aumento de células inflamatórias comparado ao CG (p <0,05); S24L30 aumentou o número de células inflamatórias, enquanto S24L65 diminuiu este numero em relação ao S24 (ambos p <0,05); S24L65 diminui o numero de células inflamatórias comparado ao S24L30 (p<0.01). Concluiu-se que LLLT em dose específica de energia (30J/cm²) foi capaz de diminuir o número de células inflamatórias no tecido pulmonar em fase aguda da sepse.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio es determinar la eficacia de la LLLT en la disminución del proceso inflamatorio pulmonar en ratones sépticos. Se utilizaron 32 ratones machos Wistar divididos en cuatro grupos (n=8): control (CG); sepsis 24h (S24); sepsis y tratamiento con LLLT 30 J/cm2 (S24L30); sepsis y tratamiento con LLLT 65 J/cm2 (S24L65). Se realizó la irradiación inmediatamente después de la cirugía en la región anterior de la tráquea y en las regiones ventrales del tórax, bilateralmente, debajo de las costillas. Se realizó un análisis histológico del tejido pulmonar y se cuantificó el número de células inflamatorias. El grupo S24 presentó un aumento de células inflamatorias en comparación al CG (p <0,05); S24L30 aumentó el número de células inflamatorias, mientras S24L65 disminuyó este número en relación al S24 (ambos p <0,05); S24L65 disminuyó el número de células inflamatorias en comparación al S24L30 (p<0,01). Se concluye que la LLLT en dosis específica de energía (30J/cm2) ha sido capaz de disminuir el número de células inflamatorias en el tejido pulmonar en fase aguda de la sepsis.

Laser acupuncture before heel lancing for pain management in healthy term newborns: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Healthy term newborns commonly undergo painful procedures during routine follow-up visits. Non-pharmacological strategies have currently become more important than pharmacological analgesic agents in neonatal pain management. Acupuncture is a new non-pharmacological method for preventing pain in newborns. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of laser acupuncture (LA) at the Yintang point before heel lancing as a non-pharmacological intervention for procedural pain management in infants. METHODS: Forty-two term newborns, who were undergoing heel lancing between postnatal days 3 to 8 as part of routine neonatal screening, were randomly assigned to the LA group or the oral sucrose group. In the LA group, 2 min before the heel lancing, 0.3 J of energy was applied to the Yintang point using a Laser PREMIO-30 unit for 30 s. In the sucrose group, each infant received 0.5 mL of 24% sucrose orally via syringe 2 min before the heel lancing. Each baby's behaviour was scored using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), assessed blinded to group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the LA and oral sucrose groups with respect to means for gestational week of age at birth, birth weight, actual weight, or Apgar score. Mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the LA group; however, mean crying time was longer and NIPS score was lower compared to the oral sucrose group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that 0.3 J of LA at the Yintang point before heel lancing is less effective than oral sucrose for reducing the discomfort of this procedure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: KA14/09.

The influence of low-level laser irradiation on spinal cord injuries following ischemia- reperfusion in rats

PURPOSE:To investigate if low level laser therapy (LLLT) can decrease spinal cord injuries after temporary induced spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion in rats because of its anti-inflammatory effects.METHODS: Forty eight rats were randomized into two study groups of 24 rats each. In group I, ischemic-reperfusion (I-R) injury was induced without any treatment. Group II, was irradiated four times about 20 minutes for the following three days. The lesion site directly was irradiated transcutaneously to the spinal direction with 810 nm diode laser with output power of 150 mW. Functional recovery, immunohistochemical and histopathological changes were assessed.RESULTS:The average functional recovery scores of group II were significantly higher than that the score of group I (2.86 ± 0.68, vs 1.38 ± 0.09; p<0.05). Histopathologic evaluations in group II were showed a mild changes in compare with group I, that suggested this group survived from I-R consequences. Moreover, as seen from TUNEL results, LLLT also protected neurons from I-R-induced apoptosis in rats.CONCLUSION:Low level laser therapy was be able to minimize the damage to the rat spinal cord of reperfusion-induced injury.

Low-level laser therapy modulates musculoskeletal loss in a skin burn model in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on gastrocnemius muscle morphology and Myod imunoexpression in a model of dorsal burn in rats. METHODS: Sixteen male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control group (CG): rats submitted to scald burn injury without treatment and laser treated group (LG): rats submitted to scald burn injury and treated with laser therapy. Fourteen days post-surgery, gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated being the specimens stained with HE and morphometric data was evaluated. MyoD expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results showed that laser treated animals presented more organized tissue morphology compared to the non-treated animals, with a higher number of nucleus in the fibers. Also, the cross sectional area of the fibers and the MyoD immunoexpression in the laser treated groups was higher. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy had positive effects on gastrocnemius muscle, improving tissue muscle morphology, increasing cross sectional area and MyoD immunoexpression. .

Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Pain Reduction After Midpalatal Expansion in Rats.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for pain reduction after midpalatal expansion in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty male Sprague six-week old rats weighing 180±10g were divided into seven groups (two experimental groups of 24 rats and one control group of 12 rats). The experimental groups were subjected to expansion with or without LLLT. The health status of each rat was monitored starting seven days prior to the experiment and evaluated by regular body weight monitoring during the study period. Diode laser with 810nm wavelength and 100 mw output power was used. Laser therapy and body weight monitoring were performed on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14. The data were analyzed by One-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The body weight of the experimental groups significantly decreased in the first two days because of the pain and difficult nutrition with the new appliance. Within the next two days, the body weight of all rats increased but this increase was significantly higher in the irradiated compared to the non-irradiated group. This significant improvement continued until day 14 and then between days 14 and 30 the rats gained weight similarly in the irradiated and control groups. CONCLUSION: The study results showed that laser irradiated group continued to gain weight easier than the control group. This may be due to more efficient pain control due to laser irradiation after midpalatal expansion.

Avaliação da influência do plasma rico em plaquetas, da terapia com laser em baixa intensidade ou da associação de ambos na cicatrização de defeitos de fenestração periodontal em ratos: estudo histoquímico e imunoistoquímico / Influence of platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy or their combination on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects in rats: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study

Este estudo avaliou, histoquimicamente e imunoistoquimicamente, a influência do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), da terapia com laser em baixa intensidade (LLLT) ou da associação de ambos na cicatrização de defeitos de fenestração periodontal (DFP) em ratos. DFP foram criados cirurgicamente na mandíbula de 80 ratos. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: 1) C (controle) e 2) PRP - defeitos preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo ou PRP, respectivamente; 3) LLLT e 4) PRP/LLLT - defeitos receberam aplicação da LLLT, foram preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo ou PRP, respectivamente e irradiados novamente. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 10 ou 30 dias pós-operatórios. As fibras colágenas imaturas e maduras foram avaliadas por análise histoquímica e suas porcentagens calculadas. Foram realizadas reações imunoistoquímicas para fator de transcrição relacionado à Runt (Runx2), osteocalcina (OCN), osteopontina (OPN) e fosfatase alcalina (ALP). Células Runx2-positivas foram quantificadas. Um método semi-quantitativo foi usado para avaliar a imunomarcação de OCN, OPN e ALP. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas porcentagens de fibras colágenas imaturas e maduras dos grupos experimentais quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Aos 10 dias, os grupos PRP e PRP/LLLT apresentaram número de células Runx2-positivas significativamente maior que o controle; o grupo PRP/LLLT apresentou padrões de imunomarcação de OCN e OPN significativamente maiores que o controle e não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no padrão de imunomarcação de ALP. Aos 30 dias, diferenças estatisticamente significativas não foram observadas nos padrões de imunomarcação de OCN, OPN e ALP entre os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que a associação PRP/LLLT apresentou maior nível de maturação dos tecidos periodontais mineralizados quando comparada ao controle em defeitos de fenestração em ratos

This study histochemically and imunoistochemically evaluated the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), or their combination on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects (PFD) in rats. PFD were surgically created in the mandible of 80 rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) C (Control) and 2) PRP - defects were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively; 3) LLLT and 4) PRP/LLLT - defects received laser irradiation, were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively, and then irradiated again. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days post-operative. Immature and mature collagen fibers were histochemically evaluated and their percentages were calculated. Runtrelated transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immunohistochemical staining were performed. Runx2-positive cells were quantified. A semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate OCN, OPN, and ALP immunolabeling pattern. Data were statistically analyzed. Statistically significant differences were not observed in the percentages of immature and mature collagen fibers when each experimental group was compared to control. At 10 days, PRP and PRP/LLLT groups presented a significantly higher number of Runx2-positive cells than control; PRP/LLLT presented significantly higher OCN and OPN immunolabeling than control; and statistically significant differences were not observed in the ALP immunolabeling. At 30 days, statistically significant differences were not observed in the OCN, OPN and ALP immunolabeling among the experimental groups. It was concluded that PRP/LLLT presented a greater level of maturation of periodontal mineralized tissues when compared to control in fenestration defects in rats

Avaliação da influência do plasma rico em plaquetas, da terapia com laser em baixa intensidade ou da associação de ambos na cicatrização de defeitos de fenestração periodontal em ratos: estudo histoquímico e imunoistoquímico / Influence of platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy or their combination on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects in rats: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study

Este estudo avaliou, histoquimicamente e imunoistoquimicamente, a influência do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), da terapia com laser em baixa intensidade (LLLT) ou da associação de ambos na cicatrização de defeitos de fenestração periodontal (DFP) em ratos. DFP foram criados cirurgicamente na mandíbula de 80 ratos. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: 1) C (controle) e 2) PRP - defeitos preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo ou PRP, respectivamente; 3) LLLT e 4) PRP/LLLT - defeitos receberam aplicação da LLLT, foram preenchidos com coágulo sanguíneo ou PRP, respectivamente e irradiados novamente. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 10 ou 30 dias pós-operatórios. As fibras colágenas imaturas e maduras foram avaliadas por análise histoquímica e suas porcentagens calculadas. Foram realizadas reações imunoistoquímicas para fator de transcrição relacionado à Runt (Runx2), osteocalcina (OCN), osteopontina (OPN) e fosfatase alcalina (ALP). Células Runx2-positivas foram quantificadas. Um método semi-quantitativo foi usado para avaliar a imunomarcação de OCN, OPN e ALP. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas porcentagens de fibras colágenas imaturas e maduras dos grupos experimentais quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Aos 10 dias, os grupos PRP e PRP/LLLT apresentaram número de células Runx2-positivas significativamente maior que o controle; o grupo PRP/LLLT apresentou padrões de imunomarcação de OCN e OPN significativamente maiores que o controle e não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no padrão de imunomarcação de ALP. Aos 30 dias, diferenças estatisticamente significativas não foram observadas nos padrões de imunomarcação de OCN, OPN e ALP entre os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que a associação PRP/LLLT apresentou maior nível de maturação dos tecidos periodontais mineralizados quando comparada ao controle em defeitos de fenestração em ratos.

This study histochemically and imunoistochemically evaluated the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), or their combination on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects (PFD) in rats. PFD were surgically created in the mandible of 80 rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) C (Control) and 2) PRP - defects were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively; 3) LLLT and 4) PRP/LLLT - defects received laser irradiation, were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively, and then irradiated again. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days post-operative. Immature and mature collagen fibers were histochemically evaluated and their percentages were calculated. Runtrelated transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immunohistochemical staining were performed. Runx2-positive cells were quantified. A semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate OCN, OPN, and ALP immunolabeling pattern. Data were statistically analyzed. Statistically significant differences were not observed in the percentages of immature and mature collagen fibers when each experimental group was compared to control. At 10 days, PRP and PRP/LLLT groups presented a significantly higher number of Runx2-positive cells than control; PRP/LLLT presented significantly higher OCN and OPN immunolabeling than control; and statistically significant differences were not observed in the ALP immunolabeling. At 30 days, statistically significant differences were not observed in the OCN, OPN and ALP immunolabeling among the experimental groups. It was concluded that PRP/LLLT presented a greater level of maturation of periodontal mineralized tissues when compared to control in fenestration defects in rats.

Irradiação a Laser de baixa intensidade sobre cepas de Candida in vitro: In vitro / Irradiación Láser de baja intensidad en cepas de Candida: an in vitro study / Low-level laser irradiation on Candida strains

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de parâmetros específicos da irradiação com laser de baixa intensidade sobre cepas de Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), Candida krusei (ATCC 34135) e Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803). Metodologia: inóculos das três especies de cândida (1.5 x 106 microorganismos/ml ) foram irradiadas com um dispositivo laser infra-vermelho de Arsenato de Gálio -AsGa (TwinFlex Evolution, MMO Equipamentos Eletrônicos 660 nm, 0,5 nW), nas doses (J/cm2): 1,2 (10 seg), 3,7 (30 seg), 7,5 (1min) e 15(2 min). Após aplicação, os inóculos foram semeados em placas petri com meio de cultura Sabouraud-Dextrose e incubadas em estufa bacteriológica a 37ºC. Depois de 48 horas, realizou-se a quantificação das Unidades Formadoras de Colônias ­ UFC e analisou-se os dados estatisticamente, através dos Testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon (a =0,05). Todos os testes foram realizados em duplicata. Resultados: os valores da mediana (Q25 - Q75) obtidos na quantificação das cepas após irradiação do laser nas doses ( J/cm2) 1,2, 3,7, 7,5 e 15 foram respectivamente: 35,23 (9,15-47,64); 6,79 (1,45-6,87); 5,32 (1,39-8,15); 6,10 (1,18-11,86) e 5,13 (0,99-6,25). Estes resultados mostraram diferença significativa estatisticamente de acordo com a dose aplicada (p<0,05), no entanto, não se identificou o(s) grupo (s) que apresenta diferença significativa dentre os demais, no pós-hoc. Conclusão: alaserterapia de baixa intensidade apresentou efeito inibitório sobre cepas de Candida, sendo esta atividade alterada de acordo com a dose irradiada(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de los parámetros específicos de la irradiación con láser de baja intensidad en cepas de Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), Candida krusei (ATCC 34135) y Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803). Métodos: los inóculos de las tres especies de Candida (1,5 x 106 microorganismos / ml) se irradiaron con un dispositivo láser de infra-roj de GaAs-arseniato de galio (TwinFlex Evolution, MMO Electronic Equipment 660 nm, 0,5 nW) en la dosis (J/cm2) 1,2 (10 seg), 3,7 (30 seg), 7,5 (1 min) y 15 (2 min). Después de la aplicación, los inóculos se sembraron en placas de Petri con medio de cultivo de Dextrosa Sabouraud y se incubaron en incubadora bacteriológica a 37 ° C. Después de 48 horas, se produjo la cuantificación de unidades formadoras de colonias - UFC y los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon y Friedman (a= 0,05). Todos los ensayos se realizaron por duplicado. Resultados: los valores medios (Q25 - Q75) obtenidos en la cuantificación de las cepas después de la irradiación con láser en la dosis (J/cm2) 1,2, 3,7, 7,5 y 15, fueron respectivamente: 35,23 (9,15-47,64) 6,79 (1,45-6,87) 5,32 (1,39 a 8,15) 6,10 (1,18-11,86) y 5.13 (0,99-6,25). Estos mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de acuerdo con la dosis aplicada (p <.05), sin embargo, no se identificaron (s) grupo (s) que presenta una diferencia significativa entre otros en lo post-hoc. Conclusiones: el tratamiento con láser de baja intensidad mostró efecto inhibitorio sobre cepas de Candida, siendo esta actividad alterada de acuerdo con la dosis irradiada(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effect of specific parameters of low-level laser irradiation on strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), Candida krusei (ATCC 34135) and Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803). Methods: the inocula of the three Candida species (1.5 x 106 microorganisms/ml) were irradiated with a gallium-arsenide (GaAs) infrared laser device (Twinflex Evolution, MMO Electronic Equipment, 660 nm, 0.5 nW) at doses (J/cm2): 1.2 (10 sec), 3.7 (30 sec), 7.5 (1min) and 15 (2 min). Following irradiation, the inocula were grown on Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Dextrose culture medium and then incubated in bacteriological incubator at 37 °C. After 48 hours, it was quantified the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and data were statistically analyzed using Friedman's and Wilcoxon's tests (α=0.05). All tests were performed in duplicate. Results: the median values (Q25 - Q75) gathered in the quantification of the strains after laser irradiation at doses (J/cm2) 1.2, 3.7, 7.5 and 15 were, respectively: 35.23 (9,15-47,64); 6,79 (1,45-6,87); 5,32 (1,39-8,15); 6.10 (1,18-11,86) and 5.13 (0,99-6,25). These results were found to show statistically significant differences according to the dose administered (p<0.05). Nevertheless, it was not possible to identify in the post-hoc tests which group(s) showed significant difference. Conclusion: low-intensity laser therapy showed inhibitory effect on Candida strains, and such activity was altered according to the irradiated dose(AU)

Tratamento de sequelas de queimadura: estudo de caso / Treatment of sequelae of burn: a case study

Introdução: As queimaduras apresentam alta incidência e altas taxas de mortalidade no Brasil e no mundo, as quais a tornam um grande problema de saúde pública. Após o trauma, as sequelas de queimaduras, decorrentes de um processo de reorganização tecidual, caracterizadas pela síntese excessiva e descontrolada de colágeno, resultam em uma cicatriz hipertrófica ou queloideana. Os recursos de termoterapia como a radiofrequência e fototerapia como a Luz Intensa Pulsada e laser de baixa potência reorganizam as fibras colágenas e remodelam o tecido. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar os recursos de termoterapia, radiofrequência e fototerapia Luz Intensa Pulsada na sequela de queimadura. Relato do Caso: É relatado o caso de paciente de 21 anos, que sofreu acidente de queimadura por chama, agente causal álcool, em face e membros superiores, com evolução para sequelas do tipo cicatrizes hipertrófica queloideana, no qual foram realizadas sessões semanais de radiofrequência associada à Luz Intensa Pulsada e ao Laser de Baixa Potência na sequela de queimadura. Estudo de caso avaliado com inspeção e palpação, questionário de Rosenberg (EAR) Escala de Autoestima, Avaliador Cego e Fotometria.

Introduction: Burns have high incidence and high mortality rates in Brazil and the world, which to make a big public health problem. After the trauma, the sequelae of burns resulting from a process of tissue reorganization, characterized by excessive and uncontrolled collagen synthesis, resulting in a hypertrophic or keloid scar. Resources such as radiofrequency thermotherapy and phototherapy as Intense Pulsed Light and Low Power Laser reorganize collagen fibers and reshape the skin fabric. Objective: This work aims to investigate the features of Radio Frequency Thermotherapy and phototherapy Intense Pulsed Light in the sequel to burn. Case report: The case of patient 21 years-old, who suffered accident burning flame, alcohol causal agent in the face and upper limbs, progressing to sequelae of hypertrophic scars type is reported, in which weekly sessions were held Radio Frequency related to Intense Pulsed Light and low power laser in the sequel to burn. Case study assessed by inspection and palpation, Rosenberg questionnaire (EAR) Self-Esteem Scale, Reviewer Blind and photometry.

Antihyperglycaemic effect of laser acupuncture treatment at BL20 in diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antihyperglycaemic activity of laser acupuncture stimulation at 650 and 980 nm at BL20 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Seventy healthy adult male albino Wistar rats weighing 250±50 g were divided into seven groups of 10 animals each. Groups I-III comprised healthy control rats which were untreated (I) or stimulated with laser acupuncture at 650 nm (II) and 980 nm (III), respectively. Groups IV-VII underwent induction of diabetes with a single intraperitoneal administration of STZ at 50 mg/kg. Animals with blood glucose levels of ≥200 mg/dL on the fifth day were used for the experiments and were left untreated (group IV), treated with glibenclamide (group V) or stimulated with laser acupuncture at 650 nm (group VI) and 980 nm (group VII), respectively. Laser acupuncture was applied at BL20 on alternate days for a total of 12 sessions over a 28-day period. RESULTS: After 28 days of treatment, STZ-induced diabetic rats stimulated with laser acupuncture at 650 and 980 nm had significantly lower glucose levels compared with untreated diabetic rats (242.0±65.0 and 129.8±33.2 vs 376.5±10.0 mg/dL, both p≤0.05). Treatment at 980 nm also attenuated the increase in glucose between day 1 and day 28 compared with the glibenclamide-treated diabetic group (41.5±19.6 mg/dL vs 164.1±13.7 g/dL, p<0.05). Laser acupuncture treatment did not affect the blood count or biochemical profile and was not associated with any morphological changes in the pancreas, liver, kidney or spleen. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation with laser acupuncture at 650 and 980 nm at BL20 in STZ-induced diabetic rats has antihyperglycaemic activity. The results support further evaluation of laser acupuncture as an alternative or complementary treatment for the control of hyperglycaemia.

In vivo ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with a low-energy and high-frequency femtosecond laser / In vivo Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty ultrafina com laser de femtosegundo de baixa energia e alta frequência

This case report describes the production of an ultrathin endothelial donor corneal lamella using a femtosecond laser with low energy and a high frequency. In addition, we report its use in vivo in an eye with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. The outcomes were observed 3 months after surgery in terms of the change in endothelial donor lamella and full cornea thickness (including pachymetric mapping), visual acuity, and endothelial cell count.

Este relato de caso mostra a confecção de uma lamela corneana doadora endotelial ultrafina com o uso de um laser de femtosegundo de baixa energia e alta taxa de repetição, e sua utilização in vivo em um paciente com ceratopatia bolhosa do pseudofácico. O resultado final foi observado quanto a evolução da espessura da lamela endotelial doadora e de toda a córnea (incluindo mapa paquimétrico), da acuidade visual, e da contagem endotelial ao final de 3 meses de pós-operatório.

Effects of low-level laser therapy on wound healing / Efeitos da laserterapia de baixa potência na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas

OBJECTIVE: To gather and clarify the actual effects of low-level laser therapy on wound healing and its most effective ways of application in human and veterinary medicine. METHODS: We searched original articles published in journals between the years 2000 and 2011, in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese languages, belonging to the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, PubMed and Bireme; Tey should contain the methodological description of the experimental design and parameters used. RESULTS: doses ranging from 3 to 6 J/cm2 appear to be more effective and doses 10 above J/cm2 are associated with deleterious effects. The wavelengths ranging from 632.8 to 1000 nm remain as those that provide more satisfactory results in the wound healing process. CONCLUSION: Low-level laser can be safely applied to accelerate the resolution of cutaneous wounds, although this fact is closely related to the election of parameters such as dose, time of exposure and wavelength. .

OBJETIVO: reunir e esclarecer quais os reais efeitos da laserterapia de baixa potência sobre feridas cutâneas e suas formas mais eficazes de aplicação na medicina humana e veterinária. MÉTODOS: foram pesquisados Artigos Originais publicados em periódicos pertencentes às seguintes bases de dados: Lilacs, MedLine, Bireme e PubMed entre os anos de 2000 e 2011, na línguas espanhola, inglesa, francesa e portuguesa, que contivessem a descrição metodológica do modelo experimental e parâmetros utilizados no estudo. RESULTADOS: doses compreendidas entre 3-6 J/cm2 parecem ser mais eficazes e que doses acima de 10 J/cm2 estão associadas a efeitos deletérios. Os comprimentos de onda compreendidos entre 632,8-1000nm seguem como aqueles que apresentam resultados mais satisfatórios no processo de cicatrização tecidual. CONCLUSÃO: o laser de baixa potência pode ser indicado com segurança para acelerar a resolução de feridas cutâneas, muito embora este fato esteja intimamente ligado à eleição de parâmetros como dose, tempo e comprimento de onda. .