A Multimedia Evaluation of Pharmacy Faculty PowerPoint Slides in a Critical Care Course.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a pilot investigation about the alignment between didactic multimedia materials utilized by pharmacy faculty, with Mayer's Principles for Multimedia Learning and faculty characteristics associated with greater alignment. METHODS: An investigatory systematic process was used which included a modified Learning Object Review Instrument (LORI) to evaluate the faculty video-recorded lectures for alignment with Mayer's Principles of Multimedia Learning, hence capturing the number and type of misalignments. Correlations were performed to evaluate the association between faculty characteristics; and ratings and proportions of misalignments. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty-five PowerPoint slides of 13 lectures from 13 faculty members were reviewed. The average (SD) LORI score per slide was 4.44 (0.84) out of 5 with an average score per lecture ranging from 3.83 (0.96) to 4.95 (0.53). Across all lecture slides, misalignments with multimedia principles were captured in 20.2% of slides. For each lecture, the average percentage of misalignments was 27.6% ranging from 0% to 49%. Principal misalignments included violation of the principles of coherence (66.1%), signaling (15.2%), and segmenting (8%). No faculty characteristics were significantly associated with LORI ratings or proportion of misalignments within lectures. CONCLUSIONS: Faculty had high LORI ratings for their multimedia material but these varied significantly between lectures. Misalignments with multimedia principles were identified and were related primarily to extraneous processing. These misalignments, when addressed, have the potential to improve learning, thus suggesting an opportunity for the faculty to develop ways to optimize multimedia educational delivery. Future investigation is needed to clarify how clinical pharmacy faculty can develop multimedia material and the impact of faculty development on the application of multimedia principles and learning outcomes.

Beyond pastures, look at plastic: Using Sentinel-2 imagery to map silage bags to improve understanding of cattle intensity.

Cattle ranching has increased globally in the last decades, and although pasture expansion is well documented across different regions, there is little understanding of the intensity at which cattle operate in these areas. With freely available Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, we mapped for the first time polyethylene silage bags used for forage conservation in a year with the Random Forest algorithm, and proposed them as a spatial indicator of cattle intensity. For this, we combined monthly silage area with land cover and climatic variables in a regression framework to understand cattle intensity metrics at regional and farm scales throughout 20 million hectares in the Dry Chaco. In addition, we explored the impact of using maize silage supplementation on productive and environmental metrics at the farm scale in a precipitation gradient. We validated our models using a spatially explicit database of cattle distribution. Our results highlight that silage bags are accurate mappable objects with Sentinel-2, which can contribute to the understanding of cattle density, and heifer and steer density in pasture contexts at farm and regional scales. Finally, our whole-farm simulations support the idea that incorporating silage supplementation in cattle ranching regional analyses conducts to significant differences on environmental or productive estimations, which should be considered. The amount of stored forage that is used in supplementation has strong implications for the performance of cattle ranching, but remains difficult to quantify at the regional level with remote sensing. Silage bag mapping is thus an opportunity to improve the overall understanding of livestock intensification and its productive and environmental impacts, particularly in highly seasonal rangelands. Following this metric could be a valuable indicator of the cattle ranching performance in terms of it resilience, production increase and impacts over natural ecosystems (related to Sustainable Development Goal 2-zero hunger and also in the 15-life on land).

Co-Design of a Reusable Learning Object (RLO) to Address Caregiver Responsive Infant Feeding Behaviours (CRIB) to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Mixed-Method Protocol.

Responsive infant feeding is a key strategy for childhood obesity prevention. Responsive feeding involves caregivers responding to infant hunger and satiety cues in a timely and developmentally appropriate manner. There is a dearth of evidence-based information and guidance for caregivers on how to responsively feed their infants. The aim of this research is to co-design a Reusable Learning Object (RLO) and guidance infographic to improve caregiver awareness, understanding and use of responsive infant feeding behaviours. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change and the Aim, Storyboarding, Populate specification, Implement media, Review and release prototype, and Evaluate (ASPIRE) approach for digital intervention co-design will be utilised. Four co-design workshops with caregivers of infants and healthcare professionals (HCPs) will determine priority RLO content. Content analysis will enable RLO development and process reporting. Formative and summative surveys will be conducted to evaluate the usability of the RLO, its impact on caregivers and its potential implementation into NHS care pathways. The output will be a RLO on responsive feeding for caregivers and an infographic for HCPs/support workers which will contribute to a future obesity prevention intervention. The findings will be disseminated to stakeholders and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

An Edge-Based Selection Method for Improving Regions-of-Interest Localizations Obtained Using Multiple Deep Learning Object-Detection Models in Breast Ultrasound Images.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can be used to process breast ultrasound (BUS) images with the goal of enhancing the capability of diagnosing breast cancer. Many CAD systems operate by analyzing the region-of-interest (ROI) that contains the tumor in the BUS image using conventional texture-based classification models and deep learning-based classification models. Hence, the development of these systems requires automatic methods to localize the ROI that contains the tumor in the BUS image. Deep learning object-detection models can be used to localize the ROI that contains the tumor, but the ROI generated by one model might be better than the ROIs generated by other models. In this study, a new method, called the edge-based selection method, is proposed to analyze the ROIs generated by different deep learning object-detection models with the goal of selecting the ROI that improves the localization of the tumor region. The proposed method employs edge maps computed for BUS images using the recently introduced Dense Extreme Inception Network (DexiNed) deep learning edge-detection model. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first study that has employed a deep learning edge-detection model to detect the tumor edges in BUS images. The proposed edge-based selection method is applied to analyze the ROIs generated by four deep learning object-detection models. The performance of the proposed edge-based selection method and the four deep learning object-detection models is evaluated using two BUS image datasets. The first dataset, which is used to perform cross-validation evaluation analysis, is a private dataset that includes 380 BUS images. The second dataset, which is used to perform generalization evaluation analysis, is a public dataset that includes 630 BUS images. For both the cross-validation evaluation analysis and the generalization evaluation analysis, the proposed method obtained the overall ROI detection rate, mean precision, mean recall, and mean F1-score values of 98%, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.90, respectively. Moreover, the results show that the proposed edge-based selection method outperformed the four deep learning object-detection models as well as three baseline-combining methods that can be used to combine the ROIs generated by the four deep learning object-detection models. These findings suggest the potential of employing our proposed method to analyze the ROIs generated using different deep learning object-detection models to select the ROI that improves the localization of the tumor region.

Generation of reusable learning objects from digital medical collections: An analysis based on the MASMDOA framework.

Learning Objects represent a widespread approach to structuring instructional materials in a large variety of educational contexts. The main aim of this work consists of analyzing the process of generating reusable learning objects followed by Clavy, a tool that can be used to retrieve data from multiple medical knowledge sources and reconfigure such sources in diverse multimedia-based structures and organizations. From these organizations, Clavy is able to generate learning objects that can be adapted to various instructional healthcare scenarios with several types of user profiles and distinct learning requirements. Moreover, Clavy provides the capability of exporting these learning objects through standard educational specifications, which improves their reusability features. The analysis proposed is conducted following criteria defined by the MASMDOA framework for comparing and selecting learning object generation methodologies. The analysis insights highlight the importance of having a tool to transfer knowledge from the available digital medical collections to learning objects that can be easily accessed by medical students and healthcare practitioners through the most popular e-learning platforms.

A micro credential for interoperability.

In the midst of a global pandemic the need for health and social care providers to commit to, and deliver on, integrated patient-centered care services has been accelerated. Globally, health and social care programme administrators are turning to digital devices and applications to provide supporting infrastructure which can offer safe access to health information at the point of care. Digitalisation is increasingly considered a key requirement to support diagnostics and therapeutic care services in health care delivery. The open source community are responding to this need to advance integrated care and digital services by providing targeted resources to address the interoperability challenge. Addressing interoperability in health systems is a core part of achieving sustainable enterprise wide integrated care. Using Open Innovation 2.0 methods for advancing knowledge on interoperability, this paper describes the development of a micro credential for knowledge transfer on interoperability created by the Centre for eIntegrated Care (CeIC). Designed and developed to signpost interested stakeholders to targeted material and build understanding and capacity on the topic. The design approach and initial resource content are explained through the lens of a specific research project funded by an Elite S Fellowship to advance leadership and standardisation for Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Europe.

Application of deep learning object classifier to improve e-waste collection planning.

This study investigates an image recognition system for the identification and classification of waste electrical and electronic equipment from photos. Its main purpose is to facilitate information exchange regarding the waste to be collected from individuals or from waste collection points, thereby exploiting the wide acceptance and use of smartphones. To improve waste collection planning, individuals would photograph the waste item and upload the image to the waste collection company server, where it would be recognized and classified automatically. The proposed system can be operated on a server or through a mobile app. A novel method of classification and identification using neural networks is proposed for image analysis: a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to classify the type of e-waste, and a faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) was used to detect the category and size of the waste equipment in the images. The recognition and classification accuracy of the selected e-waste categories ranged from 90 to 97%. After the size and category of the waste is automatically recognized and classified from the uploaded images, e-waste collection companies can prepare a collection plan by assigning a sufficient number of vehicles and payload capacity for a specific e-waste project.

A Virtual 3D Dynamic Model of Caries Lesion Progression as a Learning Object for Caries Detection Training and Teaching: Video Development Study.

BACKGROUND: In the last decade, 3D virtual models have been used for educational purposes in the health sciences, specifically for teaching human anatomy and pathology. These models provide an opportunity to didactically visualize key spatial relations that can be poorly understood when taught by traditional educational approaches. Caries lesion detection is a crucial process in dentistry that has been reported to be difficult to learn. One especially difficult aspect is linking clinical characteristics of the different severity stages with their histological features, which is fundamental for treatment decision-making. OBJECTIVE: This project was designed to develop a virtual 3D digital model of caries lesion formation and progression to aid the detection of lesions at different severity stages as a potential complement to traditional lectures. METHODS: Pedagogical planning, including identification of objectives, exploration of the degree of difficulty of caries diagnosis-associated topics perceived by dental students and lecturers, review of the literature regarding key concepts, and consultation of experts, was performed prior to constructing the model. An educational script strategy was created based on the topics to be addressed (dental tissues, biofilm stagnation areas, the demineralization process, caries lesion progression on occlusal surfaces, clinical characteristics related to different stages of caries progression, and histological correlations). Virtual 3D models were developed using the Virtual Man Project and refined using multiple 3D software applications. In the next phase, computer graphic modelling and previsualization were executed. After that, the video was revised and edited based on suggestions. Finally, explanatory subtitles were generated, the models were textured and rendered, and voiceovers in 3 languages were implemented. RESULTS: We developed a 6-minute virtual 3D dynamic video in 3 languages (English, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese) intended for dentists and dental students to support teaching and learning of caries lesion detection. The videos were made available on YouTube; to date, they have received more than 100,000 views. CONCLUSIONS: Complementary pedagogical tools are valuable to support cariology education. This tool will be further tested in terms of utility and usability as well as user satisfaction in achieving the proposed objectives in specific contexts.

Los mediadores textuales como alternativa de apoyo a la docencia / Os mediadores textuais como alternativa de apoio pedagógico / Textual mediators as an alternative to teaching learning and learning

Resumen El trabajo contiene el resultado de la aplicación de un objeto de aprendizaje, conformado por una unidad didáctica sobre los fundamentos y normas del Derecho Internacional Humanitario, en estudiantes de cuarto año de la carrera de licenciatura, en Cultura Física, de la Universidad de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". Se propuso en la investigación como objetivo: elaborar un objeto de aprendizaje que contribuyera a mejorar el conocimiento sobre los fundamentos y normas del Derecho Internacional Humanitario de los estudiantes de cuarto año de la carrera de Cultura Física de la Universidad de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". En su elaboración, se emplearon métodos teóricos como histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis, inductivo-deductivo; además, métodos empíricos como la observación, entrevista grupal, análisis documental, encuesta a los estudiantes y técnicas estadísticas como el análisis porcentual. Entre los principales hallazgos, la bibliografía impresa sobre el tema, para realizar las consultas necesarias y el trabajo independiente o de autopreparación por los estudiantes, era insuficiente. El libro de texto está carente de imágenes que refuercen los conocimientos. Se pudo concluir que el objeto de aprendizaje constituyó una herramienta didáctica que permitió a los estudiantes de la Facultad de Cultura Física de Pinar del Río y otras instituciones tener acceso, de manera digital, a la temática de los fundamentos y normas del Derecho Internacional Humanitario; se fortalecieron los valores en los estudiantes, en especial el humanismo; se contribuyó al aprendizaje, utilización de las técnicas informática y telecomunicaciones por los estudiantes de la Facultad de Cultura Física de Pinar del Río y otras instituciones.

Resumo O trabalho contém o resultado da aplicação de um objeto de aprendizagem constituído por uma unidade didática sobre os fundamentos e normas do Direito Internacional Humanitário, em alunos do quarto ano do curso de licenciatura em Cultura Física da Universidade de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". O objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver um objeto de aprendizagem que contribuísse para melhorar o conhecimento dos fundamentos e normas do Direito Internacional Humanitário dos estudantes do quarto ano da carreira de Cultura Física da Universidade de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". Na sua elaboração, foram utilizados métodos teóricos como histórico-lógico, análise e síntese, indutivo-dedutivo; também métodos empíricos como observação, entrevista em grupo, análise documental, levantamento estudantil e técnicas estatísticas como a análise percentual. Entre as achados principais estava que a bibliografia impressa sobre o assunto para fazer as consultas necessárias e o trabalho independente ou auto preparado dos alunos era insuficiente. Faltam ao livro didático imagens que reforcem o conhecimento. Pode-se concluir que o objeto de aprendizagem foi uma ferramenta didática que permitiu aos alunos da Faculdade de Cultura Física de Pinar del Río e outras instituições ter acesso digital ao tema dos fundamentos e normas do Direito Internacional Humanitário; que fortaleceu os valores dos alunos, especialmente o humanismo, contribuiu para a aprendizagem, uso de técnicas de informática e telecomunicação pelos alunos da Faculdade de Cultura Física de Pinar del Río e outras instituições.

Abstract The work contains the result of the application of a learning object composed by a didactic unit on the foundations and norms of International Humanitarian Law, in fourth year students of the degree course in Physical Culture of Pinar del Río University "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". The objective of the research was to develop a learning object that would contribute to improve the knowledge of the foundations and norms of International Humanitarian Law of the fourth year students of the degree course in Physical Culture of Pinar del Río University "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". In its elaboration, theoretical methods were used such as historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive; also empirical methods such as observation, group interview, documentary analysis, student survey and statistical techniques such as percentage analysis. Among the main findings were that the printed bibliography on the subject to carry out the necessary consultations and the independent or self-prepared work by the students was insufficient. The textbook lacks images to reinforce knowledge It could be concluded that the learning object was a didactic tool that allowed the students of the Faculty of Physical Culture of Pinar del Río and other institutions to have digital access to the subject of the foundations and norms of International Humanitarian Law; that it strengthened the values in the students, especially humanism, contributed to the learning, use of computer and telecommunication techniques by the students of the Faculty of Physical Culture of Pinar del Río and other institutions.

Learning to Love the LOR: Implementing an Internal Learning Object Repository at a Large National Organization.

This article is a case study that discusses the development and implementation of an internal learning object repository (LOR) for a large national organization with a distributed working environment. It describes the organizational environment and why an internal LOR was needed. It describes technical considerations, including the various document management systems (DMS) available, and why an open source DMS was selected to use as an internal LOR. Lastly, this article weighs the benefits and challenges of implementing a LOR across a distributed working environment and reflects on challenges associated with implementation.

Aprendizaje de las medidas de tendencia central a través de la herramienta EXeLearning / Learning of the central tendency measures through the tool eXeLearning

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 24 estudiantes de la especialidad de estadística de salud, pertenecientes a la Facultad de Enfermería-Tecnología de Santiago de Cuba, desde diciembre de 2016 hasta marzo de 2017, a fin de determinar la factibilidad de la herramienta informática eXeLearning. Se mostró la utilidad de dicha herramienta como objeto de aprendizaje en la adquisición y ejercitación de conocimientos de las medidas de tendencia central en series de datos simples para las clases prácticas y el estudio independiente, con un alto grado de independencia en la búsqueda y recuperación de la información. Se logró en los estudiantes el desarrollo de un aprendizaje autónomo y en red, que obedece a la formación multidisciplinaria en la educación médica

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 24 students from the health statistics specialty, belonging to the Nursing-technology Faculty in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from December, 2016 to March, 2017, in order to determine the feasibility of eXeLearning as a computing science tool. The usefulness of this tool was shown as a learning object in the learning and training of knowledge of central tendency measures, in series of simple data for the practical classes and independent study, with a high degree of independence in searching and recovering information. The development of an autonomous and net learning was achieved in the students, which follows the multidisciplinary training in the medical education

The influence of a learning object with virtual simulation for dentistry: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the influence of virtual learning object (VLO) in the theoretical knowledge and skill practice of undergraduate dentistry students as it relates to zinc phosphate cement (ZPC). METHODS: Only students enrolled in the dentistry course the course were included in the trial. Forty-six students received a live class regarding ZPC and were randomized by electronic sorting into the following 4 groups: VLO Immediate (GIVLOn=9), VLO longitudinal (GLVLOn=15) and two control groups without VLO (GICn=9 and GLCn=13). The immediate groups had access to VLO or a book for 20 min before the ability assessment, whereas the longitudinal groups had access to VLO or a book for 15 days. RESULTS: A pre- and posttest on theoretical knowledge and two laboratory skill tests, evaluated by blinded examiners, were performed regarding zinc phosphate cement manipulation in all groups. The students who used the VLO obtained better results in all the tests performed than the control students. The theoretical posttest showed a significant difference between the longitudinal groups, GLC (6.0 ± 1.15) and GLVLO (7.33 ± 1.43). The lower film thickness presented with a significant difference in the VLO groups: (GIC 25 ± 9.3) and GIVLO (16.24 ± 5.17); GLC (50 ± 27.08) and GLVLO (22.5±9.65). The higher setting time occurred in the VLO groups, and the immediate group showed a significant difference (GIC 896 ± 218.90) and GIVLO (1138.5 ± 177.95). CONCLUSIONS: The ZPC manipulated by the students who used the VLO had better mechanical properties in the laboratory tests. Therefore, the groups that used the VLO had clinical handling skills superior to its controls and greater retention of knowledge after 15 days.

Desenvolvimento de aplicativo como objeto de aprendizagem: Atlas Virtual Interativo para o ensino da anatomia cabeça e pescoço direcionado à Odontopediatria / Development of an Application as a Learning Object: Virtual Interactive Atlas for Teaching the Anatomy of Head and Neck, aimed at Pediatric Dentistry

Este estudo investiga o uso e o desenvolvimento de objetos tecnológicos no aprendizado sobre anatomia humana, em específico, dos ossos que compõem a cabeça. Esta pesquisa tem por motivação determinar se a tecnologia facilita o aprendizado de um conteúdo que é principalmente visual. O uso e as aplicações de interfaces tecnológicas interativas e imersivas propiciam novas ferramentas de estudo para profissionais e alunos da área de saúde. Por meio destas, usuários podem contar com instrumentos de estudo interativos que oferecem ao usuário sensação de imersão e melhor compreensão do ambiente. Este trabalho, portanto, tem como foco o desenvolvimento de um atlas virtual interativo e tridimensional para o estudo da anatomia da cabeça e do pescoço. Por meio desse atlas, denominado Objeto de Aprendizagem (AO), alunos e profissionais da saúde podem estudar a anatomia da estrutura da cabeça e do pescoço por meio de uma ferramenta interativa dotada de recursos de animação, o que fornece ao usuário a sensação de imersão.(AU)

This study investigates the use and the development of technological objects in the learning process related to human anatomy, especially the bones that make up the head. This research is motivated by determining whether this technology facilitates the learning process of a mainly visual content. The use and the application of interactive and immersive technological interfaces provide new study tools for professionals and students of health. As a result, users can rely on interactive study tools that offer the user a sense of immersion and a better understanding of the environment. This paper therefore focuses on the development of an interactive three-dimensional virtual atlas in order to study the anatomy of the head and the neck. With this atlas called Object Learning (AO), students and health professionals can study the anatomy of the head structure and the neck by an interactive tool complemented with animated features, which gives the user a sense of immersion.(AU)

Estrategia para la implementación y utilización de objetos de aprendizaje en la formación de profesores / Strategy for the implementation and use of learning objects in the training of teachers

Introducción: la implementación del uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones constituye el objetivo de la estrategia curricular homónima para las carreras universitarias. Elevar la calidad del aprendizaje a partir de los impactos de las tecnologías antes citadas constituye uno de los actuales retos.Objetivo: Proponer una estrategia metodológica para implementar el uso de los objetos de aprendizaje en las asignaturas del currículo base de las carreras de formación de profesores para la Educación Técnica y Profesional en la Universidad de Camagüey "Ignacio AgramonteLoynaz". Material y Métodos: el estudio se realizó durante los años 2013 y 2014 en las carreras de formación de profesores para la Educación Técnica y Profesional de la Universidad de Camagüey "Ignacio AgramonteLoynaz". Se emplearon diferentes métodos de los niveles teóricos y empíricos. La validación de la estrategia se realizó mediante el método Taller de socialización con especialistas. Resultados: la estrategia metodológica está estructurada en tres etapas, 9 direcciones y 36 acciones. Se plasman los objetivos de las direcciones y de allí se derivan las acciones, en las que se indican los participantes y los responsables.Conclusiones: la fundamentación teórica y metodológica de la estrategia metodológica para la implementación y utilización de objetos de aprendizaje en la formación de profesores para la Educación Técnica y Profesional que se concreta en el diagnóstico, la descripción de la implementación, las acciones estratégicas y la forma de evaluación valorados por los especialistas resultó aceptada como válida en el taller de socialización(AU)

Introduction: the implementation of the use of information technology and communications is the goal of the homonymous curricular strategy for university courses. One of the current challenges of education is to raise the quality of learning from the impacts of the above technologies. Objective: to propose a methodological strategy to implement the use of learning objects in curricular training of teachers for technical schools at the University of Camagüey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz". Material and Methods: the study was conducted during 2013 and 2014 in major related to technical school teachers education. Several methods of theoretical and empirical levels are used. The evaluation of the strategy was accomplished by means of socialization workshops involving field specialists. Results: the methodological strategy is divided into three stages, nine dimensions and 36 actions.The objective of each stage is given together with their corresponding actions indicating participants and leaders in every case. Conclusions: the methodological strategy meets the requirements for this type of scientific output and has been validated with positive criteria by specialists(AU)

Objetos de Aprendizaje en Dermatología: Una bondad de las TIC / Learning Object in Dermatology: A goodness of the ICT

Las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones propician nuevas estrategias educativas y permiten al estudiante cada día, jugar un papel más activo en su formación; haciendo del profesor un guía, moderador y facilitador del Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje, lo que no quiere decir que se sustituye al profesor. Las nuevas tecnologías sustentan los Objetos de Aprendizaje, entendidos como una entidad digital, autocontenible y reutilizable, con objetivos definidos; y con tres componentes internos editables: los contenidos, las actividades de aprendizaje y los elementos de contextualización. Ellos ostentan otras características como son los metadatos, que permiten su identificación y localización; la generación de nuevos contenidos; interoperabilidad al poder ser utilizados de una plataforma de trabajo a otra; y que deben ser fácilmente accesibles, dentro de otras muchas. Con este trabajo nos propusimos caracterizar los OA y su utilidad en la especialidad de Dermatología. Se realizó una revisión a través de artículos electrónicos en bases de datos a texto completo en revistas pedagógicas nacionales e internacionales y se pudo arribar a la conclusión de que los OA facilitan la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades en el aprendizaje y que su aplicación resulta útil en Dermatología(AU)

The information and communication technologies (ICT) have broaden the possibilities of knowledge and information transmission, in which the pupil plays the predominant role, leaving the educator with a second role. The ICT sustain the learning objectives, digital entity, self-sustained and reusable with objectives, constituted by three editable internal components: contents, learning activities and contextualization components. Moreover, the metadata facilitates its identification, storage and localization. Also must be present other characteristics: educability, interoperability accessibility, self-regeneration, flexibility, etc. In this study we put forward the task of characterizing the learning objectives as well as other characteristics of the teaching-learning process in the virtual field. Various reviews were carried out on electronic articles, databases of national and international pedagogical journals. Conclusions: It is important the implement and development of the LO in order for the pupil to develop abilities and strategies at any learning situation, and it´s application in Dermatology is useful(AU)

Objetos de Aprendizaje en Dermatología: Una bondad de las TIC / Learning Object in Dermatology: A goodness of the ICT

Las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones propician nuevas estrategias educativas y permiten al estudiante cada día, jugar un papel más activo en su formación; haciendo del profesor un guía, moderador y facilitador del Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje, lo que no quiere decir que se sustituye al profesor. Las nuevas tecnologías sustentan los Objetos de Aprendizaje, entendidos como una entidad digital, autocontenible y reutilizable, con objetivos definidos; y con tres componentes internos editables: los contenidos, las actividades de aprendizaje y los elementos de contextualización. Ellos ostentan otras características como son los metadatos, que permiten su identificación y localización; la generación de nuevos contenidos; interoperabilidad al poder ser utilizados de una plataforma de trabajo a otra; y que deben ser fácilmente accesibles, dentro de otras muchas. Con este trabajo nos propusimos caracterizar los OA y su utilidad en la especialidad de Dermatología. Se realizó una revisión a través de artículos electrónicos en bases de datos a texto completo en revistas pedagógicas nacionales e internacionales y se pudo arribar a la conclusión de que los OA facilitan la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades en el aprendizaje y que su aplicación resulta útil en Dermatología(AU)

The information and communication technologies (ICT) have broaden the possibilities of knowledge and information transmission, in which the pupil plays the predominant role, leaving the educator with a second role. The ICT sustain the learning objectives, digital entity, self-sustained and reusable with objectives, constituted by three editable internal components: contents, learning activities and contextualization components. Moreover, the metadata facilitates its identification, storage and localization. Also must be present other characteristics: educability, interoperability accessibility, self-regeneration, flexibility, etc. In this study we put forward the task of characterizing the learning objectives as well as other characteristics of the teaching-learning process in the virtual field. Various reviews were carried out on electronic articles, databases of national and international pedagogical journals. Conclusions: It is important the implement and development of the LO in order for the pupil to develop abilities and strategies at any learning situation, and it´s application in Dermatology is useful(AU)

Educational technologies in problem-based learning in health sciences education: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: As a modern pedagogical philosophy, problem-based learning (PBL) is increasingly being recognized as a major research area in student learning and pedagogical innovation in health sciences education. A new area of research interest has been the role of emerging educational technologies in PBL. Although this field is growing, no systematic reviews of studies of the usage and effects of educational technologies in PBL in health sciences education have been conducted to date. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to review new and emerging educational technologies in problem-based curricula, with a specific focus on 3 cognate clinical disciplines: medicine, dentistry, and speech and hearing sciences. Analysis of the studies reviewed focused on the effects of educational technologies in PBL contexts while addressing the particular issue of scaffolding of student learning. METHODS: A comprehensive computerized database search of full-text articles published in English from 1996 to 2014 was carried out using 3 databases: ProQuest, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. Eligibility criteria for selection of studies for review were also determined in light of the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) guidelines. The population was limited to postsecondary education, specifically in dentistry, medicine, and speech and hearing sciences, in which PBL was the key educational pedagogy and curriculum design. Three types of educational technologies were identified as interventions used to support student inquiry: learning software and digital learning objects; interactive whiteboards (IWBs) and plasma screens; and learning management systems (LMSs). RESULTS: Of 470 studies, 28 were selected for analysis. Most studies examined the effects of learning software and digital learning objects (n=20) with integration of IWB (n=5) and LMS (n=3) for PBL receiving relatively less attention. The educational technologies examined in these studies were seen as potentially fit for problem-based health sciences education. Positive outcomes for student learning included providing rich, authentic problems and/or case contexts for learning; supporting student development of medical expertise through the accessing and structuring of expert knowledge and skills; making disciplinary thinking and strategies explicit; providing a platform to elicit articulation, collaboration, and reflection; and reducing perceived cognitive load. Limitations included cumbersome scenarios, infrastructure requirements, and the need for staff and student support in light of the technological demands of new affordances. CONCLUSIONS: This literature review demonstrates the generally positive effect of educational technologies in PBL. Further research into the various applications of educational technology in PBL curricula is needed to fully realize its potential to enhance problem-based approaches in health sciences education.

La educación a distancia: ¿un reto para los profesores de informática en salud en la universidad de ciencias médicas de la habana? / Distance Learning: a challenge for the professors of Health Informatics in the Health University of Havana?

A pesar de que la Educación a Distancia y sobre todo el e-learning se plantea que será la educación del siglo XXI, su desarrollo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana (UCM-H) es pobre. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre los retos que tienen los profesores de Informática en Salud en este desarrollo(AU)

In spite of the fact that Distance Learning and basically e-learning, it´s thought that it will be the XXI Century Education but their development in the Health University of Havana (UCM-H) is poor. The objective of this work is to make a reflection about the challenges to face by the professors of Health Informatics in this development(AU)

La calidad de objetos de aprendizaje reutilizables producidos en un curso mediado por la universidad virtual de la salud / Quality of reusable learning objects produced by a course mediated at virtual university of health

Introducción: en la sociedad de la información es necesario buscar estructuras que propicien que la información se convierta en conocimiento; la ciencia y la tecnología pueden ser vías apropiadas para este objetivo. Objetivo: socializar los resultados de la evaluación de la calidad de los Objetos de Aprendizaje Reutilizables (OAR), creados por los estudiantes del curso de postgrado "Elaboración de objetos de aprendizaje reutilizables con fines docentes". Material y Métodos: El curso fue impartido durante el período febrero/2013 a julio/2013 desde la plataforma Moodle de la Universidad Virtual de la Salud de la Red Informática del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba _Infomed-. La evaluación de la calidad OAR se realizó a partir de diferentes métodos entre los que se encuentran las características, subcaracterísticas y rasgos elaborados por Vidal y colaboradores, además se tuvieron en cuenta el resultado de la aplicación de un Taller en línea entre los estudiantes, los criterios expresados por los profesores en su registro de experiencias, entre otros. Todos los OAR fueron estructurados y empaquetados según la especificación SCORM. Las temáticas se relacionaban con la ciencia y las tecnologías de la salud. Desarrollo: los elementos de la calidad afectados fueron: selección adecuada de metadatos según en estándar definido y rasgos relacionados con la densidad semántica y la granularidad.Conclusiones: no existe consenso entre estudiosos del tema en un modelo de indicadores para la evaluación de la calidad de los objetos de aprendizaje reutilizables y las dificultades encontradas en la calidad estuvieron relacionadas con la insuficiente percepción de las propiedades de estas entidades digitales por sus creadores(AU)

Introduction: in the informational society is necessary to search structure allowing that the information becomes in knowledge; the science and technology may be the suitable way to that goal. Objective: socialize the reusable learning objects quality evaluation create by students of the post graduated course "Making reusable learning objective with teaching goal". Material and Methods: the course was taught from February to July/2013from Moodle´s platform belongs to the Virtual Health University of the informatics net of the Cuban Ministry of Health_ Infomed. The quality assessment was made taking in consideration different methods among them appear the characteristics, sub characteristics and trait made by Vidal and colleague s and beside was took in consideration the results of an application of a workshop in line among students, the expressed criteria by professors in the expertise register among other. All the quality assessment were structured and packed according to SCORM specification. The themes are related to science and health technology. Development: the affected quality elements were: An appropriate Meta data selection according to the standard patterns and related traits semantic of density and granularity. Conclusions: there is not a consensus among theme´s expert in an indicators `model to reusable learning objects quality and the difficulties found in the quality were related with the insufficient perception property by the authors of these digital entities(AU)