ABSTRACT
Phlebotomine sand flies are known vectors of several pathogens. In Spain, Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus ariasi are the proven vectors of Leishmania infantum. Since 2010 a human leishmaniasis outbreak has been notified in Madrid region, central Spain. Studies have shown that P. perniciosus is the only vector confirmed in the focus area and that rabbits and hares are the wild reservoirs incriminated in the cycle of the parasite in the outbreak. Trypanosoma nabiasi is a trypanosomatid found in wild rabbits and its presence has been reported in wild rabbits from southern Spain. Moreover, co-infection with L. infantum was found in some of these animals. However, in Madrid region, there is no information about the transmission of this trypanosome in rabbits. Hence, in this study we investigate if T. nabiasi could be circulating in the aforementioned leishmaniasis focus. Wild P. perniciosus female sand flies were captured in the affected area and analyzed using molecular methods. T. nabiasi DNA was detected in 20 out of 155 female sand flies fed on rabbits by amplification and subsequent sequencing of ITS1 and SSU rRNA fragments. Therefore, we describe for the first time the presence of T. nabiasi and its co-infection with L. infantum in P. perniciosus female sand flies. More investigation is needed in order to elucidate the role of P. perniciosus in the transmission of T. nabiasi among rabbits and its potential consequences.
Subject(s)
DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmaniasis/transmission , Phlebotomus/parasitology , Rabbits/parasitology , Trypanosoma/genetics , Trypanosomiasis/transmission , Animals , Coinfection , Disease Outbreaks , Female , Humans , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Male , Psychodidae/parasitology , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La Leishmaniasis cutánea es una enfermedad endémica en Venezuela y en el estado Aragua ocupaba, según la Corporaci{on de Salud para el año 2004 el decimo cuarto lugar en relación a su incidencia; con dos focos bien definidos al norte y al sur de la entidad. El foco ubicado al norte corresponde a la Parroquia Choroni del Municipio Girardot con una incidencia de 41,9 x 10.000 hab. Con el objetivo de analizar este foco endemico, se realizó una investigación exploratoria, con un diseño epidemiológico de corte transversal para caracterizar la enfermedad a partir del conocimiento de los factores epidemiológicos, sociales y conocimientos populares de la población en la Parroquia No Urbana de Choroní. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron determinar que existe 22% de prevalencia de la enfermedad; el espacio doméstico, así como la presencia de animales en las cercanías de las viviendas aumentan el riesgo de la población a contraer la infección y no se evidenció asociación estadísticamente significativa al comparar sexo y ocupación. La enfermedad es reconocida como un problema de salud por la comunidad; en efecto la población encuestada asocia la enfermedad a una llaga en la piel, mientras que la Lutzomya es reconocida como angoleta. En conclusión, la zona es un foco activo de la enfermedad de moderado riesgo para Leishmaniasis Cutánea, haciéndose necesario crear estrategias de prevención que tenga en cuenta el conocimiento de la realidad local.
The Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is an endemic illness in Venezuela and in the state Aragua occupied for the year 2004 the tenth fourth place in relation to its incidence, with two very defined focuses to the north and the south of the entity. The focus located to the north corresponds to the Parish Choroní of the Municipality Girardot with an incidence of 41,9 x 10.000 hab. according to reports of the Corporation of Health for the year 2004. With the objective of analyzing this endemic focus, one carries out an exploratory investigation, with an epidemic design of traverse court to characterize the illness starting from the knowledge of the epidemic, social factors, and the populations popular knowledge in the Non urban Parish of Choroni. The results of the investigation allowed determine that 22% of prevalence of the illness, the space exists I tame, as well as the presence of animals in the proximities of the housings increases the populations risk to contract the infection. Doesnt evidence association statistically significant when comparing sex and occupation, the illness is recognized as a problem of publishes health; indeed the interviewed population associates the illness to a wound in the skin, while the Lutzomya is recognized as angoleta. In conclusion, the area is an active focus of the illness of moderate risk for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, becoming necessary to create strategies of prevention that keep in mind the knowledge of the local reality.
