Theatrical Performance as Leisure Experience: Its Role in the Development of the Self.

Theater has been used in psychological intervention and as a metaphor for social life, tendencies that affect the self, highlighting how influential theatrical performance can be for individuals. Their limitations - in terms of the empowerment of the self and its authenticity, respectively - can be overcome by treating theatrical performance as a leisure experience, which considers that freedom and satisfaction play a central role in a more comprehensive understanding and development of the self. With this in mind, we present the conceptual and empirical bases of the leisure experience as an alternative conception of theatrical performance. To do so, we organized a 20 h theater exercise workshop with 16 university students (15 women, one man), aged between 18 and 21 years old (M = 19.06 years; SD = 1.06). The instruments used were: the Time Budget Technique (questionnaire about the activities carried out in the workshop, valued in relation to two items: perceptions of freedom and satisfaction); the Twenty-Statement Test (where people list characteristics of themselves - self-descriptions - related in this case to the theatrical exercises); and, as a third instrument, a combination of the other two - specifying which exercises were more closely related to the self-descriptions. The results showed that group discussion was the activity with the highest perception of freedom, followed by obstacle exercises; as regards the perception of satisfaction, the highest value was observed in the relaxations. In the case of the self-descriptions, the acquisition of practical and intellectual skills was significant, as well as emotional outlook and the expression of self-esteem. In sum, this empirical support - using instruments that invite an exploration of the self - revealed, on the one hand, which specific characteristics of the self are manifested by doing theatrical exercises and, on the other hand, which exercises - when experienced as leisure - have a more decisive impact on the self. Thus, this paper shows what aspects must be taken into account when deciding which activities to include in a psychosocial intervention addressed to the development of the self from the standpoint of theatrical performance as a leisure activity.

Notas sobre la experiencia de ocio estético / Notas sobre a experiência de ócio estético / Notes about aesthetic leisure experience / Notes sur l'expérience de loisirs esthétiques

El presente texto de carácter teórico-exploratorio tiene como objetivo esclarecer aportaciones que el concepto objeto de estudio, la experiencia de ocio estético, puede propiciar en términos de desarrollo personal y social. Atendiendo a dicho objetivo, se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica a partir de escritos sobre la experiencia de ocio estético en bases de datos y colecciones de libros, tales como el Scielo o la colección Documentos de Estudios de Ocio. El descriptor que guía las búsquedas es "ocio estético", en los idiomas portugués, español e inglés: ocio estético; ócio estético y aesthetic leisure. Se destacan en este trabajo, dos apartados, denominados "Entre Experiencia de Ocio y Experiencia Estética" y "Características Específicas de la Experiencia de Ocio Estético". En la primera parte, se presentan algunos hitos sobre la experiencia estética y sus relaciones con la experiencia de ocio; posteriormente, se presentan aquellas características que son íntimamente peculiares de la experiencia de ocio estético. Todo ello, permite concluir que la percepción de la belleza es el elemento central de la experiencia de ocio estético, pues se da a partir de una mirada en la que dialogan la persona y su cultura; un diálogo que permite a la persona un encuentro consigo misma, nuevas miradas sobre su contexto y reconstrucciones identitarias, además de contribuir a posibles procesos de micro-resistencia ante discursos dominantes en su cultura.

O presente texto, de caráter teórico-exploratório, tem por objetivo esclarecer aportes que o conceito objeto de estudo, a experiencia de ócio estético, pode propiciar em termos de desenvolvimento pessoal e social. Orientados para este fim, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de escritos sobre a experiência de ócio estético em bases de dados e coligações de livros, tais como a Scielo e a coleção Documentos de Estudios de Ocio. O descritor que guiou essas buscas foi "ócio estético", nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês: ócio estético, ocio estético e aesthetic leisure. Usando esse fio condutor, dividimos nosso caminho em dois momentos, respectivamente intitulados: "Entre Experiência de Ócio e Experiência Estética" e " Características Marcantes da Experiência de Ócio Estético". Na primeira parte, apresentamos alguns marcos da experiência estética e suas relações com a experiência de ócio; em seguida, apresentamos características que são intimamente peculiares à experiência de ócio estético. Isto nos levou a concluir que a percepção da beleza é um elemento central da experiência de ócio estético, pois se dá a partir de um olhar em que dialogam o sujeito e elementos de sua cultura; um diálogo que permite à pessoa um encontro consigo mesma, novos olhares sobre seu contexto e reconstruções identitárias, além de contribuir para processos de microrresistências a discursos dominantes em uma cultura.

The present theoretical-exploratory text aims to clarify contributions that the concept object of study, the aesthetic leisure experience, can provide in terms of personal and social development. Orientated from this end, we carry out a bibliographical review from writings on the aesthetic leisure experience in databases and book collections, such as Scielo and the collection of Documentos de Estudios de Ocio. The descriptor that guided these searches was "ocio estético", in the Portuguese, Spanish and English languages: ocio estético, ócio estético and aesthetic leisure. Using this thread, we divided our path into two moments, respectively titled: "Between Experience of Leisure and Aesthetic Experience" and "Marking Features of the Aesthetic Leisure Experience." In the first part we present some milestones on the esthetic experience and its relations with the leisure experience; and then we present characteristics that are intimately peculiar to the aesthetic leisure experience. This led us to conclude that the perception of beauty is a central element of the aesthetic leisure experience, since it is based on a view in which the subject and elements of his culture dialogue; a dialogue that allows the person an encounter with himself, new views about his context and reconstructions of identity, and contribute to micro-resistance processes in the face of dominant discourses in a culture.

Le présent texte théorique-exploratoire vise à clarifier les contributions que le concept d'objet d'étude, l'expérience du loisir esthétique, peut apporter en termes de développement personnel et social. Dans cette optique, nous effectuons une revue bibliographique des écrits sur l'expérience de loisirs esthétiques dans des bases de données et des collections de livres, telles que Scielo et la collection de Documentos de Estudios de Ocio. Le descripteur qui a guidé ces recherches était «ocio estético¼, en portugais, espagnol et anglais: le ocio estético, le ócio estético et le aesthetic leisure. En utilisant ce fil, nous avons divisé notre chemin en deux moments, intitulés respectivement: «Entre expérience et expérience esthétique¼ et «Caractéristiques de marquage de l'expérience de loisir esthétique¼. Dans la première partie, nous présentons quelques jalons sur l'expérience esthétique et ses relations avec l'expérience de loisirs; et ensuite nous présentons des caractéristiques qui sont intimement propres à l'expérience de loisir esthétique. Cela nous a amenés à conclure que la perception de la beauté est un élément central de l'expérience de loisir esthétique, car elle est basée sur la vue dans laquelle le sujet et les éléments de sa culture dialoguent; un dialogue qui permet à la personne de se rencontrer, de nouvelles conceptions de son contexte et des reconstructions d'identité, et contribue aux processus de micro-résistance face aux discours dominants dans une culture

Time Matters Differently in Leisure Experience for Men and Women: Leisure Dedication and Time Perspective.

There are inequalities with respect to the amount of time men and women spend on leisure. Therefore, it can be assumed that these inequalities are also manifested in the experiences derived from leisure activities and in certain attitudes to life associated with the amount of time devoted to leisure, which emphasize time orientations towards the past, present and future. Based on these ideas, this study analyses the time spent on leisure activities, leisure experience (i.e., perceptions of freedom and satisfaction), and the five factors of the time perspective (hedonistic and fatalistic present; positive and negative past; and future orientation). Participants were 435 men and 434 women, ranging from 18 to 24 years (sample mean M = 21.14, standard deviation SD = 1.99). Two tools were used: a questionnaire about leisure experience, based on the time budget technique, and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. The results show significant gender differences: men have more leisure time, but women have a more positive leisure experience and time perspectives than men. It can be concluded that women enjoy themselves more with less available leisure time and are more positive with regard to time orientations.

The Importance of Coaches' Autonomy Support in the Leisure Experience and Well-Being of Young Footballers.

Drawing on the self-determination framework, the study examined the effect of coaches' autonomy support on the leisure experience of young male football players. Specifically, a model was tested analyzing the long-term predictive power of the players' perceptions of the coaches' autonomy support at the beginning of the season on the subjective vitality of young football players at the end of the season, through needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation (IM). Moreover, we tested whether the effects of coaches' autonomy support on the aforementioned variables (needs satisfaction, IM, and subjective vitality) at the end of the season remained at the beginning of the following season. Because the coach in the second season was not the same one as in the first season, the perception of coaches' autonomy support at the beginning of the second season was used as a control variable. Three hundred and sixty football players (M age = 12.60 years; SD = 0.52) completed a questionnaire on the variables of interest at the beginning of the first season (T1), at the end of the first season (T2), and at the beginning of the second season (T3). The results of the path analyses showed that players' perceptions of coaches' autonomy support at the beginning of the season (T1) positively predicted needs satisfaction at the end of the first season (T2), which in turn predicted IM at the end of the first season (T2). Additionally, IM significantly and positively predicted subjective vitality at the end of the first season (T2). Finally, needs satisfaction, IM, and subjective vitality at the end of the second season (T2) positively predicted these same variables at the beginning of the second season (T3). Results emphasized the importance of the autonomy support offered by the coach in promoting the quality of young people's leisure experience playing football and its benefits for their well-being.

Qualidades subjetivas do trabalho do artesão: um estudo sob a perspectiva das experiências de ócio / Subjective qualities from the artisan work: a study under leisure experiences perspective / Cualidades subjetivas del trabajo artesano: un estudio desde la perspectiva de las experiencias de ocio

O artesanato é percebido como a manifestação de um trabalho autogerido e criativo, não desconectado das imposições do mercado capitalista, mas pautado em componentes subjetivos como liberdade percebida, significado intrínseco e desenvolvimento pessoal - alguns dos componentes encontrados nas experiências de ócio tanto em algumas pesquisas empíricas como na literatura especializada. Este artigo objetiva tecer aproximações entre as qualidades subjetivas do trabalho dos artesãos e as qualidades da experiência de ócio. Convoca-se uma abordagem de natureza qualitativa, baseada em uma pesquisa de enfoque etnográfico, alicerçada pela revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos, servindo-se da entrevista em profundidade para coleta dos dados e do Método de Identificação das Qualidades das Experiências de Ócio (MICEO) para análise dos mesmos. Nas articulações contempladas, observa-se que os artesãos enfatizam, dentre outros elementos, a satisfação e o desenvolvimento pessoal presentes no seu ofício. O que os aproxima de uma experiência de ócio

Handicraft is perceived as the manifestation of a self-managed and creative work, not disconnected from the impositions of the capitalist market, but guided by subjective components as perceived freedom, intrinsic meaning and personal development - some of the components found in leisure experiences as pointed out by some empirical research and the literature. This article aims to create approaches between the subjective qualities of the work of artisans and the characteristics of leisure experience. This article calls up a qualitative approach, based on an ethnographic research driven by the literature review of the concepts, making use of in-depth interview for data collection and identification method of the qualities of Personal Experiences of Leisure (MICEO) to examination. In the studied articulations it is observed that the artisans emphasize the satisfaction and personal development present in their office, among other things, that approaches those of a leisure experience

La artesanía es una manifestación de un trabajo autogestionado y creativo, aunque conectado al mercado capitalista. Esta manifestación está pautada por componentes subjetivos tales como libertad percibida, significado intrínseco y desarrollo humano, que son componentes encontrados en la experiencia de ocio, como enseñan algunas investigaciones empíricas y la literatura especializada. Este artículo tiene por objetivo enseñar las semejanzas entre las cualidades subjetivas del trabajo artesano y las cualidades de la experiencia de ocio. Se utilizó un abordaje de naturaleza cualitativa, basada en una investigación etnográfica y una revisión bibliográfica de los conceptos, llevándose a cabo entrevistas en profundidad para la recogida de datos y el Método de Identificación de las Cualidades de las Experiencias Personales de Ocio (MICEO) para análisis de los datos. En las articulaciones observadas, se observa que los artesanos enfatizan la satisfacción y el desarrollo personal presentes en su oficio, entre otros elementos, hecho que los acerca a una experiencia de ocio

Health benefits of dancing activity among Korean middle-aged women.

The purpose of this study was to understand the health benefits of line dancing activity in Korean middle-aged women. This study explored how Korean middle-aged women perceive health benefits through lived experiences of line dancing in their leisure time. Three themes emerged related to health benefits: (1) psychological benefit, (2) physical benefit, and (3) social benefit. This finding suggested that serious leisure experience aids health enhancements in the lives of Korean middle-aged women. This study also discusses the research implication that continuous participation in leisure activity is necessary for health improvement in Korean middle-aged women.