Thriving amidst adversity: Flourishing and grit in Ukrainian college students with strong life purpose before and after the onset of the Russian war in Ukraine.

This multi-study examined the role of life purpose in the well-being of Ukrainian university students before (Study 1) and during the Russian war in Ukraine (Study 2) during the 2021-22 academic year using a cross-sectional design. University students from a city highly affected by the war, a region which borders Russia, completed measures of sense of purpose in life (awakening to purpose, awareness to purpose, altruistic purpose), specific purpose orientations (others-growth, self-growth, career-focused), flourishing, and grit (consistency of interests, perseverance of effort). Structural equation modeling was used to test four alternative path models. In Study 1 (N = 159), flourishing was positively predicted by all measures of purpose, except for awareness of purpose, which was a negative but weak predictor. Similar to flourishing, both dimensions of grit were positively predicted by career-focused purpose orientation above and beyond the overall sense of life purpose. Additionally, perseverance of effort was predicted positively by awakening to purpose. Consistent with Study 1, in Study 2 (N = 107), flourishing and perseverance of effort were positively predicted by career-focused purpose orientation above and beyond the overall sense of life purpose. Additionally, flourishing was positively predicted by awakening to purpose and others-growth purpose orientation. Overall, students with a strong life purpose reported high sense of flourishing and grit. Findings also highlighted the salient role of career-focused purpose orientation in students' well-being. It is thereby important to support students in exploring and connecting life's purpose with their career aspirations.

Examining the role of life purpose in high school students' self-esteem through structural equation modelling.

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which high school students' sense of purpose explained variance their self-esteem. Life purpose is a multidimensional construct that encompasses long-term goals, commitments, and intentions to fulfill aspirations that are meaningful to self and have consequences for the world beyond-the-self. For this study, we explored the role of three distinct dimensions of awareness of purpose, awakening to purpose, and altruistic purpose in predicting students' self-esteem. High school students' (N = 234) between 14 and 18 years, completed surveys on self-esteem and sense of purpose. A structural model was tested, in which the three latent factors of awakening to purpose, awareness of purpose, and altruistic purpose were specified to predict a latent factor of self-esteem. Analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood estimation method. Findings showed that both awareness of purpose and altruistic purpose contributed positively to adolescents' self-esteem. Awakening to purpose, on the other hand, was not significantly related to adolescents' self-esteem once their awareness of purpose and altruistic purpose were taken into account. This study expanded the growing body of research on the role of purpose in contributing to school students' personal wellbeing and development. We have discussed the findings of this study and previous literature in the context of practical implications that could support school personnel, teachers, and counselors to engage in wellness-oriented approaches that could strengthen students' sense of purpose, and thereby their self-esteem.

Analysis of action planning, achievement and life purpose statements in an intervention to support caregivers of persons with heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Caregivers of persons living with heart failure (HF) experience uncertainty related to heart failure trajectory and caregiving demands. Caregiver Support is a nurse-led intervention consisting of a well-being assessment, development of a life purpose statement, and action planning related to self-care and support for caregivers. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to describe the caregivers' action plans, action plan achievement and life purpose statements. METHODS: We used inductive content analysis to code life purpose statements and action plans by 2 coders. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the average number of action plans set per caregiver, the average number of themes coded per action plan and life purpose statement, and the status of goal achievement (i.e., by thematic domain, subdomains). Goal achievement was defined categorically: Achieved, not achieved, and not assessed. The achievement rate was calculated as the proportion of achieved action plans out of the total number of assessed action plans. RESULTS: The sample (n = 22) was predominantly women, spousal caregivers, and an average age of 62±14.2 years. Thirty-six percent of caregivers were Black and 41% reported financial strain. Action plans comprised five categories: personal health and well-being, social support, home environment, instrumental support and other. The most common topics of life purpose statements were faith and self-care/actualization. Of 85 action plans, 69 were assessed and 66.7% were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the diversity of values and needs of caregivers and provides insights for additional person-centered support.

Counseling students' experiences and interpretations of purpose development.

The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of counseling students regarding their development of sense of purpose in life and further seek their recommendations for fostering sense of purpose within educational settings. In this study, we have used pragmatism as our research paradigm and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as our data analysis approach to gain deeper insights into the phenomenon of purpose development and further use the findings of this study to suggest specific purpose-strengthening educational approaches. Based on the interpretative phenomenological analysis, we identified five themes that revealed purpose development as a non-linear process that involves exploring, engaging with, reflecting upon, articulating, and actualizing one's purpose, and is influenced by both internal and external factors. In light of these findings, we discussed implications for counselor education programs that aspire to cultivate counseling students' sense of purpose in life as an important dimension for their personal wellness, which research has shown could further promote their professional development and career success.

The role of spirituality in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers: Scoping review.

BACKGROUND: There are few studies evaluating the role of spirituality and the role of spiritually integrated interventions in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) and their caregivers. OBJECTIVES: A scoping review was conducted to examine the nature and breadth of peer-reviewed literature on the role of spirituality, interventions integrating spirituality, and outcomes for PALS and their caregivers. METHODS: A literature review was performed, following the methods from the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers, based on all articles published between January 2006 and April 2022, identified in the CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, MedicLatina, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and SPORTDiscus with full-text databases using key terms. Extracted data included research aims, study design, population and characteristics, theme description, and measures or type of intervention. RESULTS: A total of 18 articles were included in this study: 14 qualitative, 3 quantitative, and 1 protocol of a quantitative study. Eight studies were based in Europe. The search identified different main themes related to spirituality for caregivers and patients, 2 spiritual measure scales, and one intervention. However, many studies were limited in sample size, generalizability, and transferability and used less sophisticated research designs. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS: This scoping review illustrates the importance given to spirituality by caregivers and PALS and reveals a very heterogeneous response. Thus, experimental studies in the area of spirituality are needed to systematically explore the impact of spiritual interventions, and the results of these studies could advance practice and policy by enhancing the quality of life for PALS and their caregivers.

Componente curricular projeto de vida: perspectivas de professoras da rede estadual de São Paulo / Curricular component life purpose: perspectives of teachers of the São Paulo state network / Componente curricular proyecto de vida: perspectivas de profesores de la red estadual de São Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de alguns professores ao lecionar projeto de vida durante a implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida no estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório. Participaram do estudo sete professoras que lecionavam o componente curricular Projeto de Vida em duas escolas públicas, de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, escolhidas por conveniência. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e o Protocolo de Entrevista Semiestruturada para Projeto de Vida de Professores, elaborados para este estudo. As professoras foram entrevistadas individualmente, on-line, e as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram possibilidades e desafios em relação à implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida. Constatou- se que a maioria das docentes afirmou que escolheu esse componente curricular devido à necessidade de atingir a carga horária exigida na rede estadual. As professoras criticaram a proposta, os conteúdos e os materiais desse componente curricular. As críticas apresentadas pelas professoras estão em consonância com aquelas presentes na literatura em relação à reforma do Ensino Médio e ao Inova Educação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de formação tanto nos cursos de licenciatura quanto em ações de formação continuada, para que os professores se sintam mais seguros e preparados para lecionar o componente curricular Projeto de Vida na Educação Básica. Propõe-se uma perspectiva de formação pautada na reflexão e na troca entre os pares para a construção de um projeto coletivo da escola para o componente Projeto de Vida.(AU)

This study aimed to know the experience of some teachers when teaching life purpose during the implementation of the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in the state of São Paulo. A qualitative, exploratory research was carried out. Seven teachers who taught the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in two public schools in a city in the inland state of São Paulo, chosen for convenience, participated in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire and the Semi-structured Interview Protocol for Teachers' Life Purposes, developed for this study, were used. The teachers were interviewed individually, online, and the interviews were recorded in audio and video. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated possibilities and challenges regarding the implementation of the Life Purpose curricular component. It was found that most teachers chose this curricular component due to the need to reach the required workload in the state network. The teachers criticized the proposal, the contents and the materials of this curricular component. Teacher's critics are in line with the criticisms present in the literature regarding the reform of High School and Inova Educação. Therefore, training is essential, both in undergraduate courses and in continuing education actions, so that teachers can teach the curricular component Life Purpose in Basic Education. A training perspective based on reflection and exchange between peers is proposed for the construction of a collective school project for the Life Purpose component.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de algunos profesores al enseñar proyecto de vida durante la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en el estado de São Paulo. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria. Participaron en el estudio siete profesores que impartían el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en dos escuelas públicas en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, elegidos por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el protocolo de entrevista semiestructurada para proyectos de vida de profesores, desarrollados para este estudio. Las entrevistas a los profesores fueron en línea, de manera individual, y fueron grabadas en audio y video. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático. Los resultados indicaron posibilidades y desafíos en relación a la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida. La mayoría de los profesores declararon elegir este componente curricular por la necesidad de alcanzar la carga horaria requerida en la red estatal. Los profesionales criticaron la propuesta, los contenidos y los materiales de este componente curricular. Las críticas presentadas están en línea con las críticas presentes en la literatura respecto a la reforma de la educación básica e Inova Educação. Por lo tanto, la formación es fundamental, tanto en los cursos de grado como en las acciones de educación permanente, para que los profesores puedan impartir el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en la educación básica. Se propone una formación basada en la reflexión y el intercambio entre pares para la construcción de un proyecto escolar colectivo en el componente Proyecto de Vida.(AU)

Sense of life purpose is related to grades of high school students via academic identity.

The aim of this observational study was to examine the extent to which sense of life purpose of high school students was related to their grades directly and indirectly via academic identity. Two hundred and thirty-four high school students completed a survey with measures of sense of life purpose, academic identity, and grades. Results from structural equation modeling showed that the direct relationship between sense of life purpose and grades was non-significant. Yet, sense of life purpose was related to grades indirectly via academic identity. These findings indicated that high school students who have a clear sense of life purpose also have a strong academic identity, which is positively related to their grades. These structural relationships were mostly invariant across gender (male, female), grade level (sophomore, senior), and post-graduation plans (educational, non-educational), but also indicated that purpose played an important role in academic identity of high school students with non-educational goals. Overall, results indicated that life purpose can be salient to grades of high school students. The practical implication of this work is in encouraging school teachers, counselors, and other stakeholders to implement educational approaches, discussions, and interventions that can help students clarify and develop their sense of life purpose.

Salud mental en población mexicana por COVID-19 / Mental health in the Mexican population due to COVID-19

Este artículo analiza el estado de salud mental de población adulta de México en el contexto de pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Participaron 899 participantes de diferentes regiones de México Medad = 34. 8, DE= 11.38, mujeres= 641, hombres=258, durante el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la Escala de Miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S), la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7), el Test de Propósito de Vida (PIL), el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ-9) y el Cuestionario Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) para el apoyo social. La aplicación se realizó de manera individual, durante el período del 12 de junio al 14 de septiembre de 2020. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes no presentaron síntomas agudos de miedo hacia la COVID-19. No obstante, se encontró presencia considerable de ansiedad generalizada y de depresión en diferentes niveles. El apoyo social y propósito de vida se encuentran presentes, contrarrestando la ansiedad y la depresión, mientras que el miedo y la cantidad de horas de exposición a pensamientos sobre COVID-19 contribuyeron de forma positiva a estas variables psicológicas. Se concluye que la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por COVID-19 ha impactado fuertemente en la salud mental de los participantes, no obstante, existen fortalezas como el apoyo social y el propósito de vida que ayudan a sobrellevar los efectos de la pandemia y se debería trabajar en ellas para promover la salud mental durante los momentos de la crisis sanitaria(AU)

This paper analyzes the status of mental health of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). This article analyzes the mental health status of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). A total of 899 participants from different regions of Mexico participated, M age = 34.8, SD= 11.38, women= 641, men=258, during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The instruments applied were the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Purpose I Life Test (PIL), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ -9) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Questionnaire for social support. The application was carried out individually, during the period from June 12 to September 14, 2020. The results indicated that the participants did not present acute symptoms of fear towards COVID-19. However, a considerable presence of generalized anxiety and depression was found at different levels. Social support and life purpose are present, counteracting anxiety and depression, while fear and the number of hours of exposure to thoughts about COVID-19 contributed positively to these psychological variables. It is concluded that the health crisis caused by COVID-19 has strongly impacted on the mental health of the participants; however, there are strengths such as social support and life purpose that help to cope with the effects of the pandemic. Therefore, these two strengths should be worked on to promote mental health during times of health crisis(AU)

The Effect of High and Low Life Purpose on Ikigai (a Meaning for Life) among Community-Dwelling Older People-A Cross-Sectional Study.

The purpose of this study is to reveal how high or low life purpose is related to QOL and ikigai (a meaning for life). Ikigai is "a sense of purpose and motivation in the daily lives of older people, a sense that they are capable and meaningful to their families and others, and that they should be". Eighty-one community-dwelling older people (23 male and 58 female, mean age 77 ± 5.2 years) participated of their own will. The following items were measured: dementia test, exercise habits, life purpose, ikigai, and QOL. In the multivariate analysis of high and low life purpose, only ikigai was found to be related. In the multivariate analysis of ikigai, life purpose was also the most relevant, indicating that life purpose and ikigai are strongly interrelated. To improve QOL, it is also necessary to take into account life purpose in addition to the current nursing care prevention.

Life purpose and sibling care in adolescence: possible associations / Projetos de vida e cuidado entre irmãos na adolescência: possíveis associações

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relations between sibling care level and the areas of interest in adolescents' life purposes. Participants were 113 adolescents. The instruments were a record of socio-demographic data, the household tasks and Sibling Care Questionnaire, and a written testimony on life purpose. We identified 347 life projects, which were grouped into the following categories: career, family, possessions, happiness, and generosity. The results of the Pearson's correlations indicated positive associations between sibling care and generosity and career. Thus, there is a tendency that adolescents who take care of their younger siblings have more life projects related to assisting the family of origin and to professional development. These results suggest that taking care of younger siblings may influence the areas of interest of adolescents' life purposes.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se há relação entre nível de cuidado dos irmãos maiores para com os menores e as áreas de interesse dos projetos de vida de adolescentes. Cento e treze adolescentes participaram do estudo. Para a avaliação foram utilizados uma ficha de dados biossociodemográficos, o Questionário de Tarefas Domésticas e de Cuidado entre Irmãos e um depoimento escrito sobre projetos de vida. Computaram-se 347 projetos de vida, os quais foram agrupados nas categorias: carreira, família, bens materiais, felicidade e generosidade. Os resultados das correlações de Pearson indicaram associações positivas entre cuidado e as áreas generosidade e carreira. Dessa forma constatou-se uma tendência de que os adolescentes que cuidam mais de seus irmãos mais novos elaborem mais projetos de vida relacionados a ajudar a família e ao desenvolvimento profissional. Esses resultados sugerem que cuidar de irmãos menores pode influenciar nas áreas de interesse dos projetos de vida dos adolescentes.

Projetos de vida na adolescência: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Life purpose in adolescence: a systematic review of literature

A adolescência é um período do desenvolvimento profícuo para construção de projetos de vida. Sabe-se que adolescentes que têm projetos de vida são mais felizes e são menos propensos a se envolverem em comportamentos de risco. A fim de analisar as pesquisas realizadas com o tema projetos de vida de adolescentes, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional no período de 2004-2014, a partir das bases de dados vinculadas à BVS-Psi. Identificaram-se 275 artigos, dos quais 12 foram analisados. Observou-se uma prevalência de estudos qualitativos, com uso expressivo de entrevistas semidirigidas e oficinas, e poucos artigos utilizando metodologia quantitativa. Esse resultado está de acordo com a literatura, que indica pouco uso de escalas e questionários para estudar o projeto de vida de adolescentes, apontando para a necessidade de propor instrumentos quantitativos que possam avaliar projetos de vida em grandes populações de adolescentes.

Adolescence is a period of fruitful development for building life purposes. It is known that adolescents who have life purposes are happier and are less likely to engage in risky behaviors. In order to analyze the research carried out with the theme of adolescents' life purposes, a systematic review of the national literature was carried out in the period 2004-2014, based on the databases linked to the BVS-Psi. A total of 275 articles were identified, of which 12 were analyzed. There was a prevalence of qualitative studies, with expressive use of semi-directed interviews and workshops, and few articles using quantitative methodology. This result is in accordance with the literature, which indicates little use of scales and questionnaires to study the life purposes of adolescents, pointing to the need to propose quantitative instruments that can evaluate life purposes in large populations of adolescents.

Relationship between protégés' self-concordance and life purpose: The moderating role of mentor feedback environment.

Aim: To deepen our research on how to develop a more positive life purpose, this study investigates the role of protégés' self-concordance and mentor feedback environment in shaping protégés' life purpose. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study using a sample of nurses. 700 valid questionnaires were collected. Jamovi and Process Macro were used for analysis. Results: The positive association between self-concordance and protégés' life purpose is stronger when mentor feedback environment is high than when mentor feedback environment is low. Conclusion: Protégés' life purpose can be enhanced by self-concordance, especially for protégés who work in supportive mentor feedback environment. Implications for nursing management: It is important to build a supportive mentor feedback environment. Further, protégés should promote the transformation of extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation.

Assessing meaning & purpose in life: development and validation of an item bank and short forms for the NIH PROMIS®.

PURPOSE: A sense of meaning and purpose is important for people living with acute and chronic illness. It can buffer the effects of stress and facilitate adaptive coping. As part of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), we developed and validated an item response theory (IRT)-based measure of meaning and purpose in life. METHODS: Informed by a literature review and patient and content-expert input, we wrote 52 items to assess meaning and purpose and administered them to a general population sample (n = 1000) along with the Meaning in Life Questionnaire-Presence of Meaning Subscale (MLQ-Presence) and the Life Engagement Test (LET). We split the sample in half for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). IRT analyses included assessments of differential item functioning (DIF). RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 47.8 years and 50.3% were male. EFA revealed one dominant factor and CFA yielded a good fitting model for a 37-item bank (CFI = 0.962, TLI = 0.960, RMSEA = 0.085). All items were free of sex, age, education, and race DIF. Internal consistency reliability estimates ranged from α = 0.90 (4-item short form) to α = 0.98 (37-item bank). The 8-item Meaning and Purpose short form was correlated with the MLQ-Presence (r = 0.89), the LET (r = 0.79), and the full PROMIS Meaning and Purpose item bank (r = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: The PROMIS Meaning and Purpose measures demonstrated sufficient unidimensionality and displayed good internal consistency, model fit, and convergent validity. Further psychometric testing of the PROMIS Meaning and Purpose item bank and short forms in people with chronic diseases will help evaluate the generalizability of this new tool.

Evidências preliminares de validade da Escala de Projetos de Vida para Adolescentes / Preliminary evidence of validity for the Purpose in Life Scale for Adolescents / Evidencias preliminares de validez de la Escala de Proyectos de Vida para Adolescentes

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar as evidências de validade da Escala de Projetos de Vida para Adolescentes (EPVA) por meio de sua estrutura interna e da fidedignidade de seus fatores. A amostra foi composta por 352 estudantes com faixa etária entre 14 a 17 anos matriculados em escolas públicas e particulares de Campinas e região. As análises realizadas mostraram evidências de validade de estrutura interna da EPVA por meio da análise fatorial exploratória com uma solução fatorial composta por cinco fatores: religiosidade, estudo, aspirações positivas, bens materiais e relacionamentos afetivos. Todos os cinco fatores apresentaram coeficientes alfa superiores a 0,70. Conclui-se que a EPVA é um intrumento com propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis e que pode ser usado em amostras de adolescentes. (AU)

The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence of validity for the Purpose in Life Scale for Adolescents (EPVA) through its internal structure and the reliability of its factors. The sample consisted of 352 students aged between 14 and 17 years, enrolled in public and private schools in Campinas and the region. Exploratory factor analysis showed evidence of validity for the internal structure of the EPVA, presenting a structure composed of five factors: religiosity, study, positive aspirations, material goods and affective relationships. All five factors presented alpha coefficients above 0.70. It was concluded that the EPVA is an instrument with acceptable psychometric properties that can be used in samples of adolescents. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es investigar las evidencias de validez de la Escala de Proyectos de Vida para Adolescentes (EPVA) a través de su estructura interna y de la confiabilidad de sus factores. La muestra fue compuesta por 352 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años inscritos en institutos públicos y privados en Campinas y proximidades. Los análisis realizados mostraron evidencias de validez de la estructura interna de la EPVA a través del análisis factorial exploratorio con una solución factorial compuesta por cinco factores: religiosidad, estudio, aspiraciones positivas, bienes materiales y relaciones afectivas. Los cinco factores presentaron coeficientes alfa por encima de 0.70. Se concluye que la EPVA es un instrumento con propiedades psicométricas aceptables y se puede utilizar en muestras de adolescentes. (AU)

Uma revisão de literatura sobre a definição de projeto de vida na adolescência / A literature review of the definition of life purpose in adolescence

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura de artigos sobre projetos de vida na adolescência produzidos de 2000 até 2012 a fim de investigar se pesquisadores interessados na temática apresentam ou não uma definição de projeto de vida e, em caso afirmativo, quais são essas definições. Realizou-se a busca dos artigos na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e no PsychNet da American Psychological Association. Consideraram-se apenas os artigos empíricos disponíveis online na íntegra. Identificaram-se 22 artigos. Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos estudos (63,6%) não apresenta uma definição explícita de projeto de vida. Quando isto ocorre, observou-se que existe uma multiplicidade de definições. Entretanto, observaram-se alguns aspectos comuns entre as considerações sobre projetos de vida nos artigos encontrados

The aim in this research was to undertake a literature review of empirical studies about life purpose in adolescence produced between the years 2000 and 2012 to investigate whether researchers interested in the topic have or not a definition of life purpose and, if so, what are these definitions. The search for articles was done in the Virtual Health Library and in the PsychNet of American Psychological Association. Only papers fully available online were considered. Twenty-two papers were identified. The results indicated that most of the studies (63.6%) does not provide an explicit definition of life. When this occurs, it was observed a variety of definitions. However, there were some commonalities among the considerations of life purpose in the papers

Pursuing meaning and purpose in life among Thai adolescents living with HIV: a grounded theory study.

This grounded theory study aimed to understand how Thai adolescents living with HIV pursued meaning and purpose in life. Data were gathered from 11 adolescents in southern Thailand who were between ages 18 and 20 years, and who had lived with HIV for 2 or more years. Purposive and theoretical sampling techniques were used to recruit the participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and field notes. Strauss and Corbin's (1998) grounded theory method guided data analysis. The core category of "pursuing meaning and purpose in life among Thai adolescents living with HIV" emerged out of a recursive process of uncertainty, inferiority, self-realization, and growth that comprised three categories: (a) condition: realizing self-value, (b) strategy: being connected to prolonging life, and (c) consequence: achieving peace and calm. The findings enhance knowledge that would benefit nurses helping adolescents living with HIV find meaning and purpose in life.

A Research of the Purpose-in-life Test Applied in University Students and Its Reliability and Validity / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To research the usability of the purpose-in-life test (PIL) for Chinese university students and evaluate the test’s reliability and validity. Methods: 1171 University students were measured by PIL, SCL-90 and Index of Well-being, and 140 University students were retested by PIL. Results: PIL had four factors (life feeling, life goal, life attitude and self-control) which were extracted by factor analysis. The split half reliability was 0.786, the Cronbach ?-co-efficient of PIL and the four factors were 0.878, 0.860, 0.809, 0.270, 0.406 respectively. The test-retest reliability were 0.837,0.849,0.630,0.314,0.728. The scores of Index of Well-being, the total scores of SCL-90 and the factor of depression were used as external criterion;the criterion correlation coefficient were 0.769,-0.504,-0.560 respectively. The correlations between the criterion and the four factors were significant (r=-0.240～0.787, P