Pandemic Forms.

Narrative structures, though invisible to the naked eye, guide our understanding of pandemics. Like curves and graphs, we can plot them, identify their patterns and organizing principles. These structures act upon our understanding of social and biological events just as much as the rhythms of viral replication and mutation. They order not only themselves but also social and health outcomes. This essay uses narrative precision to expand beyond Charles Rosenberg's influential dramaturgic model and develops new pandemic forms, scaled from the level of an individual line break to the multi-part series: Arc, a form of sequence. Cycle, a form of repetition. Sequel, a form of elongation. Caesura, a form of break. It investigates the potentialities and limitations of these forms, how they intersect, collide, and contradict, and how analysis of these interactions contributes to a deeper understanding of pandemics, their effects, and the diverse perspectives defining their structures. In doing so, it prototypes how literary methods offer conceptual frameworks for pandemic historiography and how a transdisciplinary, medical humanities analysis produces novel understandings at the intersection of health, culture, and society.

"I was afraid, because I was naked": Ethical literary criticism, the fall of Adam and Eve and moral teaching.

This article explores the moral teachings in the fall of Adam and Eve (Gen 2:4-3:24) from the perspective of ethical literary criticism. According to the theory of three stages in human civilization-natural, ethical and scientific selection, the fall of Adam and Eve represents the historical process of human civilization going from natural selection to ethical selection. It is ethical selection that enables Adam and Eve to have ethical consciousness and distinguish themselves from animals, which provides ideas for the birth and growth of humans and highlights the function of "moral teaching and learning" in children's education. Besides, the so-called original sin is the animal factor remained in human beings after natural selection, which can bring about different ethical predicaments of "to be or not to be" and lead to making wrong ethical choices. The fall of Adam and Eve indicates that human beings are born with Sphinx factor-human factor and animal factor and integrate into the secular life and religious activity with divine factor. Once the animal factor of an individual is out of control, breaking the ethical taboo and violating the moral order or religious rule without exerting the power of human factor or divine factor, there will inevitably be punishments and tragedies. The fall of Adam and Eve is such an ethical tragedy, which purifies primitive desires and evokes moral emotions through pity and fear to uphold the morality in society and the authority in religion.

An evolutionary case for polygyny to counter demographic collapse.

Sex ratio theory suggests why mating practices have become dysfunctional in the West and other regions. Spain, Japan, and over 20 other nations are on course to have their populations halved by 2100, dramatically aging their citizenry. Experts and opinion makers warn that a demographic collapse cannot be absorbed by our current social order; Elon Musk proclaims this to be "the biggest threat to human civilization." Statistics from the Nordic countries-the world's most gender-equal region-indicate that subjective perceptions of the sex ratio in modern environments drive singledom and low reproduction. Scandinavia has the world's highest occurrence of one-person households: 43-46%. In the past decade, the Norwegian fertility rate dropped from 2.0 to 1.5. Sex ratio studies suggest that women's perception of there being few acceptable partners activates a polygynous mindset, which in prosperous, monogamous societies drives promiscuity to the detriment of pair-bonding. More than 6 million years of hominin evolution under promiscuous, polygynous, and monogamous regimes shaped mate preferences that evoke different cultural and behavioral responses as environments change. The Church's imposition of lifelong monogamy contributed to the emergence of the modern world, but if this world's gender-equal societies no longer motivate reproduction, being more open to polygyny could be worth considering as a means for increasing fertility. This article makes this case by exploring hominin mating from our last common ancestor with chimpanzees-through the genus Homo's forager and agricultural periods-to modern Scandinavians. In the past millennium, mating practices have coevolved with the emergence of modernity, necessitating frequent cultural updates. An evolutionary analysis of Nordic works of literature illuminates the ways in which ideological narratives influence reproductive norms. The insights gleaned are considered in the context of people's perceived sex ratio.

The Lutheran Imaginary That Underpins Social Democracy.

Scandinavian social democracy is increasingly upheld as an alternative that could reform capitalism. The Nordic Model produces income equality, low-conflict politics, and happy people. When half of young Americans express that they would prefer "socialism," they generally mean to live in a society that provides for its citizens as the Nordics do. Such aspirations are complicated by how social democracy can be viewed as a secularized form of Lutheranism, the Protestant creed that the Nordic region embraced in the 16th century. Lutheran norms and values carried into the modern era and made possible social democracy's two distinguishing features: fascist corporatism and socialist redistribution. A strong state facilitates statist individualism, which empowers individuals vis-à-vis employers, parents, and spouses. The outcome could be cross-culturally salient, as it brings people closer to our species' fission-fusion baseline. Yet in the modern environment, only Nordics seem to have a cultural imaginary that makes compelling the politics that drive such high levels of both productivity and egalitarianism. The region's storytelling reflects this Lutheran past and is used to negotiate modern adaptations. A better understanding of social democracy could help prevent that demands for "socialism" motivate a turn to actual socialism.

Muerte en espiral en "Tu nombre escrito en el agua" / Spiral death in "Tu nombre escrito en el agua"

En este artículo se realiza un análisis de las múltiples acepciones que tiene la "muerte" en su vinculaciòn con el exceso de vida, el erotismo, el sadismo y la destrucciòn en Tu nombre escrito en el agua de Irene González Frei. Empleando una serie de recursos provenientes de la filosofía, la sociología y la crítica literaria, se demuestra la construcción en espiral del erotismo, del amor y la violencia en el devenir de los personajes de la novela.

In this study, we present an analysis of the multiple meanings of "death" in its link to excess life, eroticism, sadism, and destruction in Irene Gonzalez Freire's Tu nombre escrito en el agua. For this purpose, using a series of resources from the studies of philosophy, sociology and literary criticism, it demonstrates the spiral construction of eroticism, love and violence in the evolution of the characters in the novel.

A poesia de Manuel Bandeira: a crítica de Mário de Andrade e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda / Manuel Bandeira's poetry: the critique of Mário de Andrade and Sérgio Buarque de Holanda

RESUMO A poesia de Manuel Bandeira, um dos mais profícuos poetas brasileiros do século XX, interessou tanto à crítica literária de Mário de Andrade quanto à de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os critérios que sustentam as críticas de Mário de Andrade e Sérgio Buarque à poesia de Manuel Bandeira, tendo como ponto de partida a afirmação da trajetória artística sincera do poeta. No caso de Mário de Andrade, tal conceito parece retomar as reflexões sobre a técnica da poesia desenvolvidas sistematicamente em "O artista e o artesão"; no caso de Sérgio Buarque, parece figurar como um dos combustíveis para a revolução contra a "cordialidade" brasileira, conforme definida em Raízes do Brasil.

ABSTRACT The poetry of Manuel Bandeira, one of the most prolific Brazilian poets of the twentieth century, drew the attention of the literary criticism of both Mário de Andrade and Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. The aim of this article is to analyze the criteria that support the critical approaches of Andrade and Holanda to the poetry of Manuel Bandeira, using as a starting point the poet's sincere artistic trajectory. In the case of Mário de Andrade, this concept seems to reconsider the reflections on the technique of poetry developed systematically in "O artista e o artesão". In the case of Sérgio Buarque, the concept seems to figure as one of the fuels of the revolution against Brazilian "cordiality", as defined in Roots of Brazil.

Audre's daughter: Black lesbian steganography in Dee Rees' Pariah and Audre Lorde's Zami: A New Spelling of My Name.

This article argues that African-American director Dee Rees' critically acclaimed debut Pariah (2011) is a rewriting of lesbian poet-activist Audre Lorde's iconic "bio-mythography" Zami: A New Spelling of My Name (1982). The article examines how Rees' work creatively and subtly re-envisions Lorde's Zami by way of deeply rooted and often cleverly camouflaged patterns, resonances, and contrasts. Shared topics include naming, mother-daughter bonds, the role of clothing in identity formation, domestic abuse, queer time, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender legacy discourse construction. What emerges between the visual and written texts is a hidden language of connection--what may be termed Black lesbian steganography--which proves thought-provoking to viewers and readers alike.

Relações entre comunicação, vivência e discurso em Vigotski: observações introdutórias / Relations between communication, experience and discourse in Vigotski: Introductory remarks / Las relaciones entre la comunicación, la experiencia y el discurso en Vigotski: Observaciones preliminares

Tendo como fonte uma pesquisa histórico-conceitual, o objetivo deste texto é debater as complexas relações de transição entre comunicação, vivência e discurso na obra de L. S. Vigotski, explorando sua evolução no pensamento do autor. Particular atenção será dada ao problema da inefabilidade, ou seja, das dificuldades de expressão da vivência e do pensamento no discurso, que permeiam tanto ordinários discursos cotidianos quanto processos mais complexos de criação verbal. Explicam-se tais fenômenos a partir de um breve panorama das influências, mormente no campo da crítica literária, sobre o autor na sua primeira obra, A Tragédia do Hamlet, Príncipe da Dinamarca, procurando, a seguir, tratar das peculiaridades adquiridas pela transição entre as vivências estéticas e o discurso, na Psicologia da Arte. Por fim, debatem-se os termos “vivência” e “sentido” na teoria histórico-cultural e suas relações com a transição pensamento-discurso na obra A Construção do Pensamento e da Linguagem, enfocada como obra de Psicologia da linguagem.(AU)

Based on a historical cultural research, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the complex transition of relations between communication, experience and discourse in the work of LS Vygotsky, exploring its evolution in the thinking of the author. Particular attention will be assigned to the problem of ineffability, namely the difficulties of expression of living and thinking in the speech, which permeate both our ordinary everyday discourse and the more complex processes of verbal creation. Are explained such phenomena from a brief overview of influences, especially in the field of literary criticism, applied to the author in his first work, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, seeking, than, deal with the peculiarities acquired by the transition between aesthetic experiences and speech, in the Art of Psychology. Finally, the terms “experience” and “sense” are discussed in the historical-cultural theory and its relationship to thought-speech transition in the work The Construction of Thought and Language, focused as a work of psychology of language.(AU)

Teniendo como fuente una investigación histórico-conceptual, el propósito de este trabajo es discutir la compleja transición de las relaciones entre la comunicación, la experiencia y el discurso en la obra de LS Vygotsky, la exploración de su evolución en el pensamiento del autor. Se presta especial atención al problema de la inefabilidad, a saber, las dificultades de expresión de vida y de pensar en el discurso que impregnan tanto el discurso cotidiano ordinario como los más complejos procesos de creación verbal. Estos fenómenos son explicados desde una breve descripción de las influencias, especialmente en el campo de la crítica literaria, que el autor ecebió en su primera obra, La tragedia de Hamlet, príncipe de Dinamarca (1916), buscando, a continuación, hacer frente a las peculiaridades adquirida por la transición entre las experiencias estéticas y discurso, en el arte de la Psicología. Finalmente,los términos «experiencia» y «sentido» son discutidos, en la teoría histórico-cultural, y su relación con la transición del pensamiento-lenguaje en la obra La construcción del pensamiento y del lenguaje, enfocado como una obra de la psicología del lenguaje.(AU)

Relações entre comunicação, vivência e discurso em vigotski: observações introdutórias / Relations between communication, experience and discourse in vigotski: introductory remarks / Las relaciones entre la comunicación, la experiencia y el discurso en vigotski: observaciones preliminares

Tendo como fonte uma pesquisa histórico-conceitual, o objetivo deste texto é debater as complexas relações de transição entre comunicação, vivência e discurso na obra de L. S. Vigotski, explorando sua evolução no pensamento do autor. Particular atenção será dada ao problema da inefabilidade, ou seja, das dificuldades de expressão da vivência e do pensamento no discurso, que permeiam tanto ordinários discursos cotidianos quanto processos mais complexos de criação verbal. Explicam-se tais fenômenos a partir de um breve panorama das influências, mormente no campo da crítica literária, sobre o autor na sua primeira obra, A Tragédia do Hamlet, Príncipe da Dinamarca, procurando, a seguir, tratar das peculiaridades adquiridas pela transição entre as vivências estéticas e o discurso, na Psicologia da Arte. Por fim, debatem-se os termos “vivência” e “sentido” na teoria histórico-cultural e suas relações com a transição pensamento-discurso na obra A Construção do Pensamento e da Linguagem, enfocada como obra de Psicologia da linguagem.

Based on a historical cultural research, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the complex transition of relations between communication, experience and discourse in the work of LS Vygotsky, exploring its evolution in the thinking of the author. Particular attention will be assigned to the problem of ineffability, namely the difficulties of expression of living and thinking in the speech, which permeate both our ordinary everyday discourse and the more complex processes of verbal creation. Are explained such phenomena from a brief overview of influences, especially in the field of literary criticism, applied to the author in his first work, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, seeking, than, deal with the peculiarities acquired by the transition between aesthetic experiences and speech, in the Art of Psychology. Finally, the terms “experience” and “sense” are discussed in the historical-cultural theory and its relationship to thought-speech transition in the work The Construction of Thought and Language, focused as a work of psychology of language.

Teniendo como fuente una investigación histórico-conceptual, el propósito de este trabajo es discutir la compleja transición de las relaciones entre la comunicación, la experiencia y el discurso en la obra de LS Vygotsky, la exploración de su evolución en el pensamiento del autor. Se presta especial atención al problema de la inefabilidad, a saber, las dificultades de expresión de vida y de pensar en el discurso que impregnan tanto el discurso cotidiano ordinario como los más complejos procesos de creación verbal. Estos fenómenos son explicados desde una breve descripción de las influencias, especialmente en el campo de la crítica literaria, que el autor ecebió en su primera obra, La tragedia de Hamlet, príncipe de Dinamarca (1916), buscando, a continuación, hacer frente a las peculiaridades adquirida por la transición entre las experiencias estéticas y discurso, en el arte de la Psicología. Finalmente,los términos ®experiencia¼ y ®sentido¼ son discutidos, en la teoría histórico-cultural, y su relación con la transición del pensamiento-lenguaje en la obra La construcción del pensamiento y del lenguaje, enfocado como una obra de la psicología del lenguaje.

CANCER IN OTHER WORDS? THE ROLE OF METAPHOR IN EMOTION DISCLOSURE IN CANCER PATIENTS.

Despite evidence that nurses may play a crucial part in the wellbeing and recovery of cancer patients by facilitating their expression of feelings, research is lacking into the emotional content of nurse-patient talk and patients' use of language in emotion disclosure. In this study, 23 participating nurses in a variety of cancer care settings were asked to tape-record their conversations with patients during daily care. A data set of 60 nurse-patient conversations was collected. Individual expression of emotion by patients was identified through interpretive literary analysis within a framework of psychodynamic theory. Overall the picture of emotion disclosure was intense. In particular, patients' use of metaphor and figurative language to express their distress was powerful and pervasive. Participating nurses demonstrated responsive skills but their responses to figurative expression were often problematic. The study provides evidence of unconscious processes in nurses' work and advocates career-long psychoanalytically informed supervision for nurses to better support them in challenging dialogue with cancer patients. Research is needed to evaluate the impact of supervision on communications with cancer patients to ensure patients have access to appropriate emotional supportive and care.

Psicanálise e crítica literária

A psicanálise sempre se utilizou da literatura desde Sigmund Freud. A literatura, por sua vez, também se utiliza da psicanálise seja na construção de seus textos, seja na forma de crítica literária. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar abordagens da Crítica Literária Psicanalítica e as várias formas de análise de um texto sob a ótica da psicanálise.(AU)

The psychoanalysis always made use of the literature since Sigmund Freud. The literature itself also makes use of the psychoanalysis either in the construction of their texts or in the form of literary criticism. The article aims to analyze Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism approaches and several analysis forms of a text under the optics of the psychoanalysis.(AU)

Literary study and evolutionary theory : A review essay.

Several recent books have claimed to integrate literary study with evolutionary biology. All of the books here considered, except Robert Storey's, adopt conceptions of evolutionary theory that are in some way marginal to the Darwinian adaptationist program. All the works attempt to connect evolutionary study with various other disciplines or methodologies: for example, with cultural anthropology, cognitive psychology, the psychology of emotion, neurobiology, chaos theory, or structuralist linguistics. No empirical paradigm has yet been established for this field, but important steps have been taken, especially by Storey, in formulating basic principles, identifying appropriate disciplinary connections, and marking out lines of inquiry. Reciprocal efforts are needed from biologists and social scientists.