Comparison of the efficacy of low intensity laser and peloid therapy in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.

The objective of this study was to compare the impact of peloid and low-level laser (LLLT) treatment in conjunction with a home exercise programme on short-term symptomatic pain, functional status and quality of life in individuals diagnosed with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). A total of 168 patients diagnosed with SIS were included in the study, with 56 receiving LLLT + exercise, 56 receiving peloidotherapy + exercise, and 56 receiving exercise only. Patients underwent clinical evaluations prior to treatment (first measurement), after treatment completion (second measurement), and one month post-treatment (third measurement). Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Functional status was evaluated using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36). Active range of motion of the shoulder was measured by the same investigator using a goniometer. Statistically significant improvements in VAS, SPADI, SF-36, and ROM parameters were achieved after treatment and at 1 month follow-up compared to pretreatment in both active treatment groups (p < .05). The third group showed significant improvements in ROM and SF-36 physical components after treatment and 1 month later (p < .05). Low-level laser therapy or peloid therapy given in addition to home exercise therapy for SIS were found to have similar short-term effects on pain, functional status, quality of life and ROM.

Photobiomodulation transiently increases the spontaneous firing in the superficial layer of the rat spinal dorsal horn.

The therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation (PBM) in pain management, although well documented, are accompanied by concerns about potential risks, including pain, particularly at higher laser intensities. This study investigated the effects of laser intensity on pain perception using behavioral and electrophysiological evaluations in rats. Our results show that direct laser irradiation of 1000 mW/cm2 to the sciatic nerve transiently increases the frequency of spontaneous firing in the superficial layer without affecting the deep layer of the spinal dorsal horn, and this effect reverses to pre-irradiation levels after irradiation. Interestingly, laser irradiation at 1000 mW/cm2, which led to an increase in spontaneous firing, did not prompt escape behavior. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the time to initiate escape behavior was observed only at 9500 mW/cm2 compared to 15, 510, 1000, and 4300 mW/cm2. This suggests that 1000 mW/cm2, the laser intensity at which an increase in spontaneous firing was observed, corresponds to a stimulus that did not cause pain. It is expected that a detailed understanding of the risks and mechanisms of PBM from a neurophysiological perspective will lead to safer and more effective use of PBM.

Salvaging the second molar with platelet-rich fibrin and photobiomodulation (970 nm diode laser) following third molar extraction.

Second molars are more susceptible to periodontitis when present adjacent to periodontally hopeless third molars. It is crucial to restore the health of the second molar and to prevent a dry socket after third molar extraction. To ensure complete eradication of infection along with regeneration, mere nonsurgical periodontal therapy might be inadequate. Thus, in this case report, high-level laser therapy (HLLT), advanced-platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and low-level laser therapy (photobiomodulation [PBM]) were adapted to obtain a synergistic effect. HLLT was accomplished for decontamination and clot stabilization following the third molar extraction. Further, A-PRF was placed and irradiated with PBM on 3rd, 7th, 15th, and 21st days, postoperatively. There was reduced clinical probing depth and gain in clinical attachment level with a significant radiographic bone fill distal to second molar at 3 months follow-up. This combined use of HLLT, and PBM along with PRF could be a reliable treatment approach for regeneration, particularly in acute infections.

Comparing the effects of low-level laser therapy and gaseous ozone as a preventive measure on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws following tooth extraction: a rat model.

OBJECTIVES: Use of numerous medications such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib), monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab), fusion proteins (aflibercept), mTOR inhibitors (everolimus), radiopharmaceuticals (radium 223), selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene), and immunosuppressants (methotrexate and corticosteroids) has been reported to be a risk factor for development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws till date. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and gaseous ozone on the onset of MRONJ following tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The groups laser (L), ozone (O), and control (C) received weekly intraperitoneal injections of zoledronic acid (0.06 mg/kg), while group sham (S) received saline solution for 4 weeks. After the 4th injection, all subjects underwent mandibular first molar extraction and adjunctive laser or ozone was applied according to the groups. All the rats were sacrificed at 4 postoperative weeks for comparative histomorphometric evaluation of bone healing in extraction sites. RESULTS: Laser and ozone groups demonstrated significantly higher bone formation compared to control group (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between laser and ozone groups (p = 1.00). Furthermore, the greatest bone formation was observed with the sham group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the current study support that adjunctive LLLT and ozone therapy following tooth extraction may help prevent MRONJ and improve bone healing in subjects under zoledronic acid therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Since the introduction in 2003, great effort has been devoted to developing a certain management protocol for MRONJ. Several publications have appeared in recent years documenting promising results of adjunctive LLLT and ozone application in treatment of MRONJ. However, experimental data are limited on this regard and the present study, for the first time, aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of LLLT and ozone in prevention of MRONJ.

The use of laser photobiomodulation as pre-anesthetic tissue management technique in reducing injection pain in children.

BACKGROUND: One of the main goals for pediatric dentists is to offer a painless anesthesia experience. Laser photobiomodulation is among the suggested strategies to decrease injection pain. So, this study aimed to assess the impact of laser photobiomodulation on local anesthesia (LA) injection pain in children and its effect on the efficacy of LA during pulpotomy and SSC procedures. METHODS: The research was carried out as a randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel group design. It involved 64 cooperative healthy children, age range from 5 to 7 years, each having at least one maxillary molar indicated for pulpotomy. Children were randomly allocated to one of the two groups based on the pre-anesthetic tissue management technique used: test group received laser photobiomodulation, while control group received topical anesthetic gel. Pain during injection, pulpotomy, and SSC procedures was assessed using physiological measures (Heart Rate (HR)), subjective evaluation (modified Face-Pain-Scale (FPS), and objective analysis (Sound-Eye-Motor scale (SEM)). RESULTS: A total of 64 children with mean age 6.23 ± 0.78 participated in this research. The mean HR scores were significantly lower in the laser PBM group during buccal and palatal infiltration injections. The SEM mean scores were significantly lower in the laser PBM group during both injections. For the FPS scale, the number of children who recorded satisfaction during injection was significantly higher in laser PBM group. There was no statistically significant difference in mean HR as well as in SEM and FPS scores between the two groups during pulpotomy and SSC procedures. Comparisons between the two study groups were performed using independent samples t- and Mann-Whitney U tests. Significance was set at p value < 0.05. CONCLUSION: Laser photobiomodulation is a promising non-pharmacological pre-anesthetic tissue management technique in children that offered less painful injection compared to topical anesthetic gel without compromising the effectiveness of LA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05861154. Registered on 16/5/2023.

Comparative efficacy of photobiomodulation on osseointegration in dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in enhancing bone integration with dental implants. METHOD: PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. Studies assessing PBM effectiveness with defined intervention/control groups were included, while those lacking specified laser types, involving severe maxillofacial defects or surgery, and not reporting outcomes related to dental implant osseointegration post-PBM therapy were excluded. The studies' risk of bias was assessed using Robvis for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. The meta-analysis was conducted utilizing a random-effects model at a significance level of 0.01. RESULTS: The study reviewed 26 papers involving 571 patients undergoing dental implant procedures with PBM/Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) or placebo/control. Implant stability quotients (ISQ) analysis showed a non-significant difference (p = 0.06, mean difference: 1.02, 95 % CI: 0.28 to 1.75, I2=28 %), while the Periotest method indicated significant improvement in stability (p < 0.01, mean difference: -0.51, 95 % CI: -0.78 to -0.24, I2=71 %). PBM resulted in a significant bone density increase (p < 0.01, mean difference: 26, 95 % CI: 6.93 to 45.06, I2=91 %), but marginal bone loss showed no significant difference (p = 0.11, mean difference: 0.00, 95 % CI: -0.06 to 0.05, I2=45 %). Implant survival rate did not significantly differ (p = 0.73, mean difference: 1.56, 95 % CI: 0.38 to 6.46, I2=0 %). Most studies raised concerns regarding randomization. CONCLUSION: PBM could improve implant stability, as assessed with Periotest, and increase bone density, enhancing osseointegration. However, implant stability assessed with ISQ, marginal bone loss, and implant survival rate were comparable between the study groups.

Low-level laser activates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway-promoting hair follicle stem cell regeneration and wound healing: Upregulate the expression of key downstream gene Lef 1.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which low-level laser stimulation promotes the proliferation of intraepithelial hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in wounds. This research aims to expand the applications of laser treatment, enhance wound repair methods, and establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for achieving accelerated wound healing. METHODS: The experimental approach involved irradiating a cell model with low-level laser to assess the proliferation of HFSCs and examine alterations in the expression of proteins related to the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. A mouse back wound model was established to investigate the effects of low-level laser irradiation on wound healing rate, wound microenvironment, and the proliferation of HFSCs in relation to the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. RESULTS: The research findings indicate that low-level laser light effectively activates the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to the increased accumulation of core protein ß-catenin and the upregulation of key downstream gene Lef 1. Consequently, this regulatory mechanism facilitates various downstream biological effects, including the notable promotion of HFSC proliferation and differentiation into skin appendages and epithelial tissues. As a result, the process of wound healing is significantly accelerated. CONCLUSION: Low levels of laser activates the Wnt signalling pathway, promotes the regeneration of hair follicle stem cells and accelerates wound healing.

The efficacy of photobiomodulation on dental injection pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Dental injections are routinely performed and can result in pain and anxiety in patients. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in dental injections for pain management in patients undergoing dental treatment. Indexed databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library, were electronically searched without a time limit up to February 2024. A risk of bias evaluation was performed using the Cochrane tool. A preliminary investigation using electronic and manual methods yielded 4,920,881 manuscripts. Based on the eligibility requirements, 13 randomized control trials (RCTs) were included. Self-assessed pain was determined using the visual analog scale, Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Controllability scale, or Wong-Baker face pain scale. Eight RCTs demonstrated a notable decrease in needle pain in patients undergoing dental needle injections using PBMT. Based on current evidence, PBMT may help reduce needle pain related to dental anesthesia. Further standardized studies are needed to assess the significance of PBMT for postoperative pain in patients undergoing dental injections.

Fluoroquinolone-induced Achilles tendinitis: a case report.

Although most cases of Achilles tendinitis are caused by some form of biomechanical stress, other factors may play a role in its etiology. Fluoroquinolone use is a well-known contributing factor to Achilles tendon pathology. This report describes a case of fluoroquinolone-induced Achilles tendinitis in a 77-year-old woman. Eight weeks after she presented to our office, the patient reported significant improvements after a course of care that included low level laser therapy (LLLT), activity modification and graduated exercises. Management can include many of the treatment tools used for biomechanically induced tendinopathy, with particular consideration given to delaying more advanced weight-bearing rehabilitative exercise due to the increased risk of rupture.

Tendinite du tendon d'Achille induite par les fluoroquinolones: un rapport de casBien que la plupart des cas de tendinite d'Achille soient causés par une forme quelconque de stress biomécanique, d'autres facteurs peuvent jouer un rôle dans son étiologie. L'utilisation de fluoroquinolones est un facteur bien connu qui contribue à la pathologie du tendon d'Achille. Ce rapport décrit un cas de tendinite d'Achille induite par les fluoroquinolones chez une femme de 77 ans. Huit semaines après s'être présentée à notre clinique, la patiente a fait état d'améliorations notables après un traitement comprenant un traitement au laser de faible puissance, une modification de l'activité et des exercices progressifs. La prise en charge peut inclure de nombreux outils de traitement utilisés pour les tendinopathies d'origine biomécanique, avec une attention particulière pour retarder les exercices de réadaptation avec mise en charge plus avancés en raison du risque accru de rupture.

Accelerated Orthodontic Treatment using Biomodulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Orthodontic treatment often spans several months or even years, which can be burdensome for patients. Biomodulation techniques have emerged as potential strategies to expedite orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with a sample of 60 orthodontic patients, aged 12-30 years, requiring fixed appliance therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to either the biomodulation group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). The biomodulation group received low-level laser therapy (LLLT) along with traditional orthodontic treatment, while the control group received conventional orthodontic treatment without LLLT. Treatment duration, pain perception, and orthodontic tooth movement were assessed during the study period. Results: The results demonstrated a significant reduction in treatment duration in the biomodulation group compared to the control group. The biomodulation group exhibited a 30% reduction in overall treatment time, with an average treatment duration of 8.4 months, while the control group required an average of 12 months (P < 0.001). Pain perception during orthodontic adjustments was lower in the biomodulation group. Additionally, biomodulation was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of tooth movement, as evidenced by a 20% reduction in the time required to achieve desired tooth alignment (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Biomodulation through low-level laser therapy represents a promising adjunct to traditional orthodontic treatment, significantly accelerating tooth movement and reducing treatment duration.

Expediting the reversal of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia in children with photobiomodulation therapy.

In pediatric dentistry, complications arising from extended soft tissue anesthesia can negatively impact patient comfort and trust in dental care. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of diode laser-based photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in expediting the resolution of anesthesia in children aged 6-9 receiving inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injections. In this split-mouth double-blind randomized clinical trial, 36 pediatric subjects aged 6-9, requiring pulpotomy procedures on both sides of the mandible, received IANBs (single cartridge of 2% lidocaine/1:100,000 epinephrine). PBMT and sham laser were alternately applied to each side of the mandible, in two separate sessions, with the envelope method determining treatment allocation and intervention side on the first treatment day. During the laser session, laser (808 nm, 250 mW, 23s continuous, 0.5 cm², 11.5 J/cm², direct contact) irradiated two points at the injection site, five intra-oral and five extra-oral points along the infra-alveolar nerve's pathway. Soft tissue anesthesia reversal was quantified through tactile assessment. Soft tissue trauma was also assessed by the researcher and reported by parents 24 h post-dental visit. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics v25.0 via Paired T-test, two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and McNemar's test. The laser group exhibited a mean lip anesthesia duration of 122.78 ± 2.26 min, while the sham laser group experienced 134.44 ± 21.8 min, indicating an 11.66-minute reduction in anesthesia duration for the laser group. (P < 0.001) Soft tissue trauma occurred in two sham laser group patients and one laser group patient, with no significant difference. (P = 1) The findings indicate that employing laser with defined parameters can reduce the length of IANB-induced anesthesia.

Evaluating the Impact of Various Treatment Modalities on the Chewing Efficiency of Anterior Disc Displacements of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Cases: A Comparative Study.

Aim: Internal disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is identified by an anomaly between the condylar-disc assembly, which, in many cases, may lead to discomfort and malfunction of the chewing function. The study's objective was to assess the effects of four distinct treatment approaches on temporomandibular disorder cases with anterior disc displacements focusing on their chewing efficiency. Materials and Methods: One hundred participants suffering from reducible TMJ disc displacement were selected for enrollment in the study. Subjects were divided equally into four groups: group I patients were treated with behavioral therapy; group II patients were treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT); group III patients were treated with anterior repositioning splints; and group IV patients were treated with flat plane splints. Chewing efficiency was assessed utilizing the fractional sieving method and a synthetic food substitute was created using silicon impression material. The statistical analysis encompassed comparisons of chewing efficiency between groups and between baseline and posttreatment within each group, employing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t tests, respectively. Results: Using the paired t test, a significant difference in chewing efficiency values as expressed by the median particle size was observed between the baseline and 6-month values in all groups (P < 0.05), except for group I where no significant change was noted over the 6 months (P > 0.05). The one-way ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference among groups following therapies (P ˂ 0.05). The post hoc Tukey test was employed for pairwise comparisons and revealed statistically significant variances in the main values of chewing efficiency among all groups at a 95% confidence level (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: The study's results suggest that occlusal splints and LLLT are more effective in improving chewing efficiency than behavioral interventions.

Evaluating the potency of laser-activated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing methylene blue as a treatment approach for chronic periodontitis.

Chronic periodontitis is a ubiquitous inflammatory disease in dental healthcare that is challenging to treat due to its impact on bone and tooth loss. Conventional mechanical debridement has been challenging in eliminating complex subgingival biofilms. Hence, adjunctive approaches like low-level laser antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT) utilising methylene blue (MB) have been emerging approaches in recent times. This review evaluates the latest research on the use of MB-mediated A-PDT to decrease microbial count and enhance clinical results in chronic periodontitis. Studies have shown the interaction between laser light and MB generates a phototoxic effect thereby, eliminating pathogenic bacteria within periodontal pockets. Moreover, numerous clinical trials have shown that A-PDT using MB can reduce probing depths, improve clinical attachment levels, and decrease bleeding during probing in comparison to traditional treatment approaches. Notably, A-PDT shows superior antibiotic resistance compared to conventional antibiotic treatments. In conclusion, the A-PDT using MB shows promise as an adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis. Additional research is required to standardize treatment protocols and assess long-term outcomes of A-PDT with MB in the treatment of periodontitis.

Effect of 460 nm blue light PBM on human MeWo melanoma cells.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) using 460 nm blue light has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on skin cancer cells. In this study, we used a continuous LED light source with a wavelength of 460 nm and designed various combinations of power density (ranging from 6.4 to 25.6 mW) and dose (ranging from 0.96 to 30.72 J/cm2) to conduct treatment experiments on MeWo cells to investigate the effects of blue light on MeWo melanoma cells. We are focusing on cell viability, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. We found that blue light inhibits these melanoma cells through oxidative stress and DNA damage, and this inhibition intensifies at higher irradiance levels. Although the cells initially attempt to resist the stress induced by the treatment, they eventually undergo apoptosis over time. These findings contribute to understanding melanoma's molecular response to blue light PBM, lay the groundwork for future clinical applications.

Photobiomodulation therapy using a class 3b laser does not cause premature rupture of multivesicular liposomal bupivacaine suspensions in a cadaver model.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if photobiomodulation causes a premature release of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) suspensions. ANIMALS: A 25-kg mixed breed dog cadaver euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. METHODS: In September 2022, a proximomedial tibial incision was made in a dog cadaver, and a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy plate was implanted. A stab incision was made one-half inch distal to the incision, and a tunnel to the plate was created prior to closure of the primary wound. A 3-cc anal sac catheter was advanced through the distal incision until the bulb rested against the face of the plate. Seven treatment groups of treatment power (watts) and total energy (joules/cm2) were defined as: A, 0.5 W, 2.0 J/cm2; B, 0.5 W, 4.0 J/cm2; C, 0.5 W, 6.0 J/cm2; D, 1.0 W, 2.0 J/cm2; E, 1.0 W, 4.0 J/cm2; F, 1.0 W, 6.0 J/cm2; and sham, 0.0 W, 0.0 J/cm2. Ten samples per group of 2 mL of LB were infused into a new catheter and treated percutaneously with a class 3b laser. All samples remained in the catheter for 12 seconds to reflect the longest treatment time. Post-treatment free bupivacaine concentrations were identified with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The median free bupivacaine concentration was reported as: sham, 1.89 mg/mL; A, 1.93 mg/mL; B, 2.01 mg/mL; C, 2.05 mg/mL; D, 1.92 mg/mL; E, 2.03 mg/mL; and F, 2.00 mg/mL. There were no differences in median free bupivacaine concentrations between groups (P = .988). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Concurrent LB and photobiomodulation are recommended during the postoperative period. The results of this proof-of-concept study suggest that concurrent use of LB and photobiomodulation may be safe, but in vivo studies at similar and stronger photobiomodulation settings are warranted.

Effect of Photobiomodulation on Salivary Cytokines in Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Oral mucositis is a common and distressing side effect of head and neck oncology treatment. Photobiomodulation therapy can be utilized to prevent and treat oral mucositis. Its impact on salivary cytokines has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This is the first systematic review aiming to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation on salivary cytokines in patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Methods: Numerous data resources, from the Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were sought. Articles published up until February 2024 were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: clinical trials reporting the effect on salivary cytokines in patients undergoing anticancer therapy. The methodological quality was assessed using several appraisal tools. Results: Four studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. All the studies were conducted in Brazil and used an InGaAlP diode laser with a wavelength of 660 nm. The included studies had a relatively low risk of bias. The head and neck cancer patients' salivary cytokines that were assessed by the studies, along with photobiomodulation therapy, included IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL8, and IL-1ß. The results varied among the studies. Conclusions: Our results show that photobiomodulation demonstrated positive results for reducing the severity of OM in all the included studies. Among the examined salivary cytokines, IL-6 is the most relevant cytokine for oral mucositis development and severity. A variation in the cytokine levels between the studies was noted due to differences in the type of anticancer treatment and saliva sampling.

Effects of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Treatment Using Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Static Magnetic Field in Aging Rats.

(1) Background: We investigated the detrimental and protective effects of short-, medium, and long-term treatment with different doses of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) during the aging process. (2) Methods: Rats were treated for 15, 30, and 60 weeks with 1, 3, 10, and 30 J of PBMT-sMF or a placebo control. In addition, eight young rats were not subjected to any procedure or treatment and were euthanized at six weeks old. Skin, muscle, bone, kidney, liver, and blood samples were analyzed. (3) Results: No differences between the groups in the morphology of the skin, muscle, and bone was observed. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels were increased in the placebo group after 30 and 60 weeks. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels were also increased in the placebo group after 30 weeks. An increase in creatinine in the PBMT-sMF 3, 10, and 30 J groups compared with that in the young control group was observed. No significant difference in urea levels between the groups was noted. Vascular endothelial growth factor increased in the PBMT-sMF 10 and 30 J groups after 15 weeks of treatment and in the PBMT-sMF 3 J after 60 weeks. Finally, vascular endothelial growth factor decreased in the PBMT-sMF 30 J group after 30 weeks of treatment. (4) Conclusions: PBMT-sMF did not have detrimental effects on the skin, muscle, bone, kidney, or liver after short-, medium-, and long-term treatments in aging rats. In addition, PBMT-sMF may have protective effects on the muscle tissue in aging rats after short- and long-term treatment.

Low-level laser therapy for skin rejuvenation: A safe and effective solution baked by data and visual evidence.

BACKGROUND: Skin aging and photoaging is a process that may appear at a relatively early age, causing an aesthetic problem. Common signs of skin aging include wrinkles, dyspigmentation, and decreased elasticity. AIM: Aim of this article is to study the effectiveness and safety of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for skin rejuvenation. METHODS: Thirty Syrian female patients aged 25-50 participated in this study and were diagnosed with moderate to severe melasma and wrinkles. The patients were divided into two groups and received LLLT with a wavelength of 660 nm emitting a continuous wave. The power density and dose used were 15.6 mW/cm2, and 3 J/cm2 respectively, and the laser effective area was 32 cm2. The evaluation was done before, during, and after 12 treatment sessions, based on photographs, in addition to the modified Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI), Pinch test, and Fitzpatrick's classification of facial wrinkling at baseline. RESULTS: Comparing before, and after treatment, and between the two groups, revealed a significant improvement in skin rejuvenation, with a statistical significance (p < 0.05). Additional outcome measures included assessments of patient satisfaction scores, and no adverse effects or re-pigmentation were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that LLLT may be a useful and safe therapeutic option in treating melasma, skin elasticity, and wrinkle improvement, which we advised to be integrated into treatment, and follow-up programs in cosmetics and dermatology.

Photobiomodulation improves acute restraint stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats.

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential application of photobiomodulation to irritable bowel syndrome. We established the following experimental groups: the Non-Stress + Sham group, which consisted of rats that were not restrained and were only subjected to sham irradiation; the Stress + Sham group, which underwent 1 hour of restraint stress followed by sham irradiation; and the Stress + Laser group, which was subjected to restraint stress and percutaneous laser irradiation bilaterally on the L6 dorsal root ganglia for 5 minutes each. The experiment was conducted twice, with three and two laser conditions examined. Following laser irradiation, a barostat catheter was inserted into the rat's colon. After a 30-minute acclimatization period, the catheter was inflated to a pressure of 60 mmHg, and the number of abdominal muscle contractions was measured over a 5-minute period. The results showed that photobiomodulation significantly suppressed the number of abdominal muscle contractions at average powers of 460, 70, and 18 mW. However, no significant suppression was observed at average powers of 1 W and 3.5 mW. This study suggests that photobiomodulation can alleviate visceral hyperalgesia induced by restraint stress, indicating its potential applicability to irritable bowel syndrome.

Effectiveness of photobiomodulation and orofacial myofunctional therapy in orofacial pain disorders. A systematic review of randomized control trials.

Orofacial pain can significantly affect physical, psychological, and overall quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of combining photobiomodulation (PBM) with orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) in managing orofacial pain disorders. An electronic search of randomized controlled trials in electronic databases was performed until March 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on PBM and OMT for the management of orofacial pain were included. Risk of bias across individual studies was performed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for interventions. A total of 10 RCTs were included, out of which 7 RCTs revealed that the combined approach of PBM and OMT had a more pronounced impact on diminishing pain and enhancing functional activity in patients with orofacial disorders. One study reported significant increases in pressure pain threshold for TMJ, masseter, and anterior temporalis muscles at both sides in the post-treatment compared with the pre-treatment in both groups. The risk of bias was low in 7, moderate in 2, and high in 1 study. The efficacy of a combined modality treatment of PBM with OMT for orofacial pain disorder shows promising results. However, further randomized controlled trials with extended follow-up periods standardized PBM and OMT parameters are warranted to obtain firm conclusions.