Efficacy of Oxytetracycline Hydrocortisone-Soaked Gauze Pack on Postoperative Sequelae in Lower Third Molar Surgery: A Prospective Study.

Background Though various advancements came into the field of surgery to do the atraumatic procedure, post-operative pain, and swelling are unavoidable complications. Hence, various medicaments are packed in the extracted third molar sockets to prevent these post-operative complications. Aim The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oxytetracycline hydrocortisone-soaked gauze in reducing post-operative pain and swelling compared to conventional surgical procedures without any packing in patients undergoing surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and methods The study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai. In this study, 50 patients were randomly included in two groups of 25 participants each. In group A, oxytetracycline hydrocortisone-soaked gauze was placed, and in group B, conventional closure was done without any pack after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Post-operative pain was assessed on days one, three, and five using a 10-point visual analog scale. Post-operative swelling was assessed on the third and seventh days using a four-point swelling measurement. Data analysis was done using SPSS (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Independent sample t-test was done to compare the outcomes between the two groups. Results The results demonstrated that group A (Oxytetracycline Hydrocortisone-soaked gauze) showed superior pain reduction compared to group B (conventional closure) at all post-operative intervals (P=0.001). Moreover, group A exhibited reduced swelling, resulting in higher patient satisfaction levels compared to group B on the third post-operative day (P=0.001). Conclusion It can be concluded from the study that there was a significant reduction in post-operative pain and swelling with the use of oxytetracycline hydrocortisone-soaked gauze, as it acts like a local drug delivery system in patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar surgeries.

ZooMS confirms geometric morphometrics species identification of ancient sheep and goat.

Geometric morphometrics can effectively distinguish isolated third lower molars of present-day sheep and goat, but its applicability to archaeological specimens has yet to be established. Using a modern reference collection of 743 sheep and goats and a two-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometric (GMM) protocol, this study aimed to morphometrically identify 109 archaeological specimens, used as case studies, dating from the Late Neolithic to the modern period/era. These morphometric identifications were then compared to molecular identifications via collagen peptide mass fingerprinting, known as Zooarcheology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS). ZooMS confirmed the morphometric identifications for 104 specimens, with the five misidentified specimens all morphometrically identified as goat. Modern sheep and goats have larger teeth and distinct shapes compared to their archaeological counterparts, suggesting strong differences between archaeological and modern specimens potentially linked with recent breed improvement or geographical origin of the specimens. In addition, for both species, some of the archaeological dental morphologies do not match with any of our modern references. This study validates the applicability of geometric morphometrics for identifying isolated archaeological sheep and goat teeth. It represents a stepping stone for future, non-destructive, bioarchaeological studies of the two species.

Revalidation and expanded description of Mustela aistoodonnivalis (Mustelidae: Carnivora) based on a multigene phylogeny and morphology.

The lacked-teeth pygmy weasel, Mustela aistoodonnivalis Wu & Kao, 1991, was originally described as being from Taibai Mountain and Zhashui county, Shaanxi, China. Subsequently, it was considered a subspecies or synonym of Mustela nivalis. In a faunal survey of northwestern Sichuan, eight specimens of M. aistoodonnivalis were collected. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of one mitochondrial and six nuclear genes clustered the specimens as a distinct clade and not with M. nivalis. Morphologically, the lack of the second lower molar differentiated them from M. nivalis, and genetic distances were typical of discrete species. These analyses confirmed that M. aistoodonnivalis is an independent species in the genus Mustela.

Optimum Shaping Parameters of the Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular First Molars: A Finite Element Analysis Study.

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the effect of shaping parameters of 2 different configurations of middle mesial canals (MMCs) on the biomechanical behavior and life span of a mandibular first molar using finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS: A mandibular molar with an independent MMC and another with a confluent MMC were scanned via micro-computed tomography, and FEA models were produced. For each tooth, an intact model and 5 experimental models were produced that differed by parameters of how the MMC was shaped: unshaped MMC, 25/.04, 25/.06, 30/.04, and 30/.06. Cyclic loading of 50 N was applied on the occlusal surface in vertical and oblique scenarios, and the number of cycles until failure (NCF) was compared with the intact models. In addition, mathematical analyses evaluated the stress distribution patterns and calculated maximum von Mises and maximum principal stresses. RESULTS: For both the independent and confluent MMC models, shaping the MMC reduced the NCF. The lifelog percentage of models was inversely proportional with radicular shaping parameters during the vertical and oblique loading scenarios. The shaping size of 30/.06 resulted in lower lifelog percentage than the cases with shaping size of 25/.04 in both of the independent and confluent MMC models. For all models, oblique loading reduced NCF more than vertical loading. CONCLUSION: Shaping the MMC should be kept as conservative as 25/.04. Also, whether the MMC is independent or confluent is a deciding factor in whether to increase the apical diameter or the root canal taper when larger shaping parameters are needed.

Medición del ángulo vestíbulo-lingual en conductos mesiales de primeros molares inferiores utilizando tomografía de haz cónico / Measuring the vestibular-lingual angle in lower molar first mesial ducts using cone beam tomography

El objetivo del presente estudio fue medir la curvatura vestíbulo-lingual de los conductos de las raíces mesiales de primeros molares inferiores en personas adultas del estado de Chihuahua, por medio de la técnica de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT, por sus siglas en inglés) y usando el software de análisis 3D EndoTM (Dentsply/Sirona USA). Se llevó a cabo la medición por dos observadoras, empleando dos métodos diferentes, Schneider y 3D EndoTM (Dentsply/Sirona USA). Los resultados obtenidos tuvieron valores mayores a los 100 grados con la técnica 3D EndoTM y a los 20 grados con la técnica de Schneider. No se detectó una diferencia estadística significativa al comparar los diferentes conductos entre sí (AU)

The objective of the present study was to measure the vestibule-lingual curvature of the ducts of the mesial roots of lower first molars, of adults from the state of Chihuahua. Using the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique and using the 3D analysis software EndoTM (Dentsply/Sirona USA). The measurement was carried out by two observers using two different methods, Schneider and 3D EndoTM (Dentsply/Sirona USA). The results obtained had values greater than 100 degrees with the 3D EndoTM technique and at 20 degrees with the Schneider technique. No statistically significant difference was detected when comparing the different ducts with each other (AU)

Early Pleistocene Lynx issiodorensis (Felidae, Carnivora) from the Taurida Cave, Crimea.

The cranial and mandibular remains of two adult individuals of Lynx issiodorensis (Croizet et Jobert, 1828) are described from the Early Pleistocene locality of the Taurida cave (Crimea, Late Villafranchian, 1.8-1.5 Ma). This lynx species was a typical representative of the Villafranchian fauna of the Eastern Mediterranean. A high craniological variability of L. issiodorensis is noted.

New Data on the Distribution of the Small Cave Bear (Ursus ex gr. savini-rossicus) in the Urals.

The lower molar (m1) of cave bears from Late Pleistocene localities of the Urals was studied employing the methods of traditional morphometry and geometric morphometrics. On the basis of the size and shape variation of m1, the small cave bear (Ursus ex gr. savini-rossicus) was found to have been a part of the faunas from the caves Skazka, Viasher, Dynamitnaya, Chudesnitsa, and Chernye Kosti. The small cave bear presence in faunas from the Medvezhya, Makhnevskaya Ledyanaya, Asha 1, Ignat'evskaya, and Barsuchii Dol caves was confirmed as well. The species range of the small cave bear encompassed the Northern, Middle, and Southern Urals in the Late Pleistocene. The ranges of the small cave bear and cave bear (Ursus kanivetz) overlapped from the beginning (marine isotope stage 5e) to the middle (middle marine isotope stage 3) of the Late Pleistocene.

Consideraciones Metodológicas en el Estudio Histomorfométrico del Hueso Interradicular de los Primeros Molares Inferiores de Ratas Wistar / Methodological Considerations in the Histomorphometric Study of the Interradicular Bone of the First Lower Molars of Wistar Rats

El objetivo fue evaluar el volumen óseo BV/TV (%) del hueso interradicular en ratas Wistar: A) en relación a la edad; B) en relación a la zona de estudio en animales de la misma edad. Se utilizó Grupo A) 15 ratas Wistar hembras de 6 (I), 10 (II) y 14 (III) semanas, Grupo B) 9 ratas Wistar macho de 8 semanas. Tras la eutanasia, se extrajeron los maxilares inferiores y se procesaron histológicamente para obtener cortes mesio-distales del primer molar inferior coloreados con H.E. Sobre microfotografías digitales se evaluó el BV/TV (%). El análisis estadístico se realizó en A) mediante ANOVA y Bonferroni test y en B) se calculó el rango (R). Los resultados en A) el BV/TV (%) aumenta significativamente con la edad de los animales; en B) se encontró que el BV/TV (%) varía hasta un 20% si se considera el volumen total y este rango disminuye a 8.3% al estudiar su mitad coronal. En conclusión, el BV/TV (%) del hueso interradicular del primer molar inferior de ratas Wistar varía considerablemente con la edad de los animales y en animales de una misma edad -según se considere evaluar todo el hueso interradicular del espacio alveolar o la mitad superior del mismo-. Los resultados de este trabajo recomiendan emplear animales de la misma edad y realizar mediciones histomorfométricas empleando la mitad coronal de dicho hueso, especialmente en los diseños de periodontitis experimental (AU)

Nonextraction Treatment of a Class III Malocclusion Case Using Mini-Screw-Assisted Lower Molar Distalization.

Mini-screw assisted lower molar distalization was planned for a present mild Class III malocclusion case. Two mini-screws were inserted into the available inter-root area: one on the left, and the other on the right side in the posterior region in the mandible. Distalization of lower molars, premolars and canines were achieved. Orthodontic treatment lasted approximately 2.5 years with 1 year of molar distalization. Minimal relapse was seen in the postretention period. Dentoalveolar changes with mini-screw assisted lower molar distalization are reported in the present case.

Changes in occlusal force depending on the movement of the adjacent and opposing teeth after loss of lower first molar: comparative study by using a strain gauge

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in occlusal force after loss of the lower first molar depending on the inclination and extrusion of the adjacent and opposing teeth by using a strain gauge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatomic teeth were used to reconstruct the normal dental arch with loss of the lower right first molar. A uniformly thick layer of silicone was applied to the root to mimic the periodontal ligament. Four stages of dies with varying degrees of inclination and extrusion of the adjacent and opposing teeth were constructed and attached to master model interchangeably by using a CAD/CAM fabricated customized die system. The strain gauges were attached to teeth and a universal testing machine was used to determine the changes in occlusal force. An independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed (α = .05). RESULTS: While simulating chewing food, the upper first, second premolar and lower second molar showed greater occlusal force than before extraction. When the change of adjacent teeth's occlusal force with their progressive movement after molar loss was evaluated, the difference among four die models was significant and was in the decreasing aspect (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: When the lower first molar was lost and the adjacent teeth did not move yet, the occlusal force in adjacent teeth was higher than that when the lower first molar still existed. In addition, the occlusal force in the upper premolars and lower second molar decreased significantly with the progressive movement of adjacent teeth.

Incidencia de las extracciones del primer molar inferior permanente en los ruidos articulares / Permanent lower first molar extraction incidence in articular noises

Los ruidos articulares se presentan frecuentemente en la práctica diaria odontológica, algunos son audibles a simple oído y en otros casos es necesario tener entrenado el oído ya que pueden resultar imperceptibles. Mediante un examen clínico y desarrollo de un protocolo destinado especialmente para la articulación temporomandibular (ATM), los odontólogos registraron los datos en fichas individuales. Además se registraron los datos relacionados con la frecuencia de aparición según el sexo y la edad. Los resultados demostraron que la extracción prematura del primer molar inferior permanente no incide en la aparición de ruidos articulares.

Articular noises are frequently present in the daily dental practice. Some are easily discernible, nevertheless, in some other cases a trained ear might be necessary to perceive them since they might be imperceptible. In the present study, by means of a physical examination and development of a specifically TMJ-designed (temporomandibular joint) protocol dentists recorded data in individual files. Data related to onset frequency according to age and gender were equally recorded. Results revealed the fact that premature extraction of the permanent lower first molar did not bear influence on the onset of articular noises.

Displaced lower third molar tooth into the submandibular space: Two case reports.

The aim of this article is to emphasize that the accidental displacement of a lower third molar during extraction is a rare, but potentially serious complication. We present two case reports on a lower third molar tooth dislodged into the submandibular space following its removal from the sockets and the subsequent management of this rare complication. Differences in the direction of displacement, the size of fragment, delay in retrieval, and tissue reactions can all influence this potential serious complication and hence no one technique is uniformly applicable. Though a rare complication, clinicians must be aware of possible lower third molars dislodgement into tissue spaces and the necessity to initiate prompt and appropriate management.

Study on the eruption of the lower third molar in the cases of non-extraction and the extraction of first premolar / 대한치과교정학회지

This study was designed to recognize the factors which can affect the normal eruption of the lower third molar and the eruption rate of the lower third molar in the cases of non-extraction and the extraction of first premolar. The sample consisted of 214 cases of extraction of first premolar and 119 cases of non-extraction, and all of these cases were divided into erupted and impacted lower third molar groups and were analized according to the pantomogram. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The eruption rate of the lower third molar was 54.67 % in the group of extraction of the first premolar and 35.29 % in the non-extraction group. 2. The early inclination of the erupting lower third molar has significant effect in the eruption of it. 3. In the orthodontic treatment, the extraction of first premolar is one of the factors influencing the normal eruption of lower third molar. 4. The available space for the normal enruption of lower third molar was greater in first premolar extraction case than in non-extraction case.