Aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal candidiasis among women of reproductive age in Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia.

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are a persistent public health threat worldwide, particularly among women in low-income countries of Africa, including Ethiopia, where drug resistance is also a growing problem. It is crucial to address this problem to ensure women's health and well-being. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a cohort of 398 women of reproductive age who sought medical attention at the Gynecology Department of the Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia, from January to June 2020. They were chosen through systematic random sampling, and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collection of vaginal and/or cervical swabs were done to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV) using Nugent and AV score analyses, respectively. The swabs were subjected to standard microbiological culture techniques to detect the isolates causing AV and vaginal candidiasis (VC). The susceptibility profiles of the causative agents of AV were checked by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were also done. Aerobic vaginitis was the predominantly diagnosed RTI (n = 122, 30.7%), followed by BV (n = 117, 29.4%) and VC (n = 111, 27.9%). The prominent bacteria of AV were Escherichia coli (n = 36, 34.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 30, 28.5%). The overall rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was 65.71% (n = 69). History of abortion (p = 0.01; AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.1, 7.7) and the habit of using vaginal pH-altering contraceptives (p = 0.01; AOR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.5, 8.8) have the greatest odds of RTI. The high prevalence of RTIs in our study warrants an urgent intervention to minimize the associated morbidities and complications. The overall rate of MDR bacterial isolates necessitates the implementation of an effective surveillance program in the study setting.

The rate of lower reproductive tract infection of pregnant and its effect on pregnancy outcome / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the rate of lower reproductive tract infection during pregnancy and the its impact on pregnancy outcome.Methods Five hundred and twenty pregnant women were enrolled in the study who were hospitalized for delivery from Jan.2010 to Jan.2012 at Hebei Port Group Company Limited Harbor hospital.All pregnant women were performed the bacteria detection in vagina before delivery,including candida albicans,bacterial vaginosis,trichomonas,mycoplasma,trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae,group B hemolytic streptococci GBS.The pregnant outcomes were followed.According to the results of bacteria detection,107 patients (20.58％) were with varying degrees of vaginitis and they were served as positive group.Other 403 patients were served as negative group.Results (1) Of 107 vaginitis women,48 cases (44.86％) were infected with candida albicans,and 22 cases (20.56％) were with bacterial vaginosis.The infection by mycoplasma,chlamydia,group B streptococcal infections were majority,while the trichomonas vaginalis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection were minority.(2) Compared with the negative group,incidence of premature rupture of membranes,preterm birth,puerperal infection and fetal distress in positive group were higher and the differences were significant(15.89％ vs.5.08％,12.15％ vs.3.15％,8.41％ vs.1.94％,5.61％ vs.1.21％ ; x2 =14.642,14.498,11.264,7.934; P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The incidence of genital tract infection is higher during the pregnancy.Bacteria infection detection should be performed and treated as early as possible in order to reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Prevalence and determinants of lower reproductive tract infections among women aged 25-54 years in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of the most commonly seen lower reproductive tract infections among women aged 25-54 years in Beijing.Methods The study population consisted of 6339 women aged 25-54 years in 137 communities of Beijing.Focus of this study was to understand the prevalence of the following diseases as:bacterial vaginosis,trichomoniasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.In addition to their prevalence rates,a generalized equation for estimation was used to analyze those infection-associated factors.Results The overall infection prevalence in the lower reproductive tract was 11.4%,including bacterial vaginitis as 8.7%,trichomonads as 1.0% and vulvovaginal candidiasis as 1.7%.Factors which were found to be significantly associated with lower reproductive tract infections in women were age,profession,family income,number of sex partners and frequency of condom use during sexual contacts.In patients with bacterial vaginitis,both prevalence rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and infection of human papillomavirus were high.Conclusion The prevalence of the most commonly seen lower reproductive tract infections among women aged 25-54 years in Beijing was lower than other areas in China.Lower reproductive tract infections seemed to be related to 30-49 years of age,nongovernmental employee,poverty,higher number of sex partners and not using condoms during sexual contacts.