[Translated article] Total hip arthroplasty with second generation dual mobility system as a treatment for primary coxarthrosis, medium-term results.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis is a disabling pathology characterised by joint pain and stiffness. A prevalence of coxarthrosis of 7.4% is reported in our country. Total hip joint replacement is indicated in advanced stages, a procedure that is not free of complications, the most frequent being prosthetic dislocation, which can be prevented with dual mobility systems. The following study aims to determine the rate of complications and clinical outcomes in dual mobility systems in primary coxarthrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 120 cases in 114 patients diagnosed with grade III coxarthrosis, mean age was 62.43 years, with a mean follow-up of 4.5 years. Joint replacement was performed by Hardinge approach. All cases were assessed clinically using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiologically to demonstrate mid-term results. RESULTS: The preoperative value on the HHS scale had a mean of 56.45, postoperative at one month 74.23; 6 months 85.40; 1 year 94.01 and at 5 years 94.84 points, representing a functional improvement of 17.78 postoperative month; 28.95 at 6 months postoperative; 37.56 at one year postoperative and 38.39 points at 5 years postoperative. A complication rate of 3.44%; 0.86% of complications were associated with the prosthetic components. CONCLUSION: The dual mobility system should be considered as a therapeutic option in primary hip joint replacement due to excellent functional results and low complication rates. EVIDENCE LEVEL: IV. Retrospective observational case series study.

Luxaciones periastragalinas: análisis de una serie de casos. Nuestro algoritmo de tratamiento urgente / Subtalar dislocations: Analysis of a case series. Our urgent treatment algorithm

Introducción y objetivos: Las luxaciones periastragalinas son una entidad poco frecuente (<1%) de las lesiones traumáticas del pie. Se produce una pérdida de relación anatómica entre astrágalo, calcáneo y escafoides. Solo hay pequeñas series publicadas. Material y métodos: Presentamos los casos de una serie de pacientes (N=13) con luxaciones periastragalinas en los que se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las principales variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas, a partir de las cuales se propone un algoritmo de tratamiento urgente. Se excluyeron los casos con fracturas del cuello del astrágalo, cuerpo del calcáneo o fracturas-luxación de Chopart aisladas. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 48,5 años con predominio del sexo masculino (69,23%). Cinco pacientes sufrieron caídas-entorsis sobre el tobillo y los 8 restantes mecanismos de alta energía. Las luxaciones mediales (9) predominaron sobre las laterales (4). Además, 4 pacientes presentaron luxaciones abiertas, 2 de ellas tipo IIIC que precisaron amputación. Se solicitó TC en un 76,93% de pacientes y 10 presentaron lesiones óseas asociadas del pie. Se realizó cirugía mediante reducción abierta en todas las lesiones abiertas y en un caso en el que fracasó la reducción cerrada. Cinco pacientes precisaron fijador externo tipo delta. Se objetivó esclerosis subcondral articular en un 77,77% de los casos; si bien solo uno precisó artrodesis subtalar. Conclusiones: Las luxaciones periastragalinas son una urgencia traumatológica y precisan una reducción precoz e inmovilización posterior. La fijación externa temporal transarticular es una buena opción de inmovilización en luxaciones abiertas. Son lesiones graves con alta probabilidad de artrosis precoz.(AU)

Introduction and objectives: Subtalar dislocations are a rare entity (<1%) in traumatic foot injuries. There is a loss of anatomical relationship between the talus, calcaneus and scaphoid. There are only small-published series. Material and methods: We present a series of patients (N=13) with subtalar dislocations in which a descriptive analysis of the main epidemiological, clinical and radiological variables was carried out, from which an urgent treatment algorithm is proposed. Cases with fractures of the neck of the talus, body of the calcaneus, or isolated Chopart fracture-dislocations were excluded. Results: The median age was 48.5 years with a predominance of males (69.23%). Five patients suffered falls or sprained ankles and the other eight suffered high-energy mechanisms. The medial dislocations (nine) predominated over the lateral ones (four). In addition, four patients presented open dislocations, two of them type IIIC that required amputation. CT scans were requested in 76.93% of patients and 10 presented associated bone lesions of the foot. Open reduction surgery was performed in all open lesions and in one case in which closed reduction failed. Five patients required a delta-type external fixator. Subchondral articular sclerosis was observed in 77.77% of cases; although only one required subtalar arthrodesis. Conclusions: Subtalar dislocations are a traumatic emergency that require early reduction and subsequent immobilization. Transarticular temporary external fixation is a good immobilization option in open dislocations. They are serious lesions with a high probability of early osteoarthritis.(AU)

[Translated article] Subtalar dislocations: Analysis of a case series. Our urgent treatment algorithm / Luxaciones periastragalinas: análisis de una serie de casos. Nuestro algoritmo de tratamiento urgente

Introducción y objetivos: Las luxaciones periastragalinas son una entidad poco frecuente (<1%) de las lesiones traumáticas del pie. Se produce una pérdida de relación anatómica entre astrágalo, calcáneo y escafoides. Solo hay pequeñas series publicadas. Material y métodos: Presentamos los casos de una serie de pacientes (N=13) con luxaciones periastragalinas en los que se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las principales variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas, a partir de las cuales se propone un algoritmo de tratamiento urgente. Se excluyeron los casos con fracturas del cuello del astrágalo, cuerpo del calcáneo o fracturas-luxación de Chopart aisladas. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 48,5 años con predominio del sexo masculino (69,23%). Cinco pacientes sufrieron caídas-entorsis sobre el tobillo y los 8 restantes mecanismos de alta energía. Las luxaciones mediales (9) predominaron sobre las laterales (4). Además, 4 pacientes presentaron luxaciones abiertas, 2 de ellas tipo IIIC que precisaron amputación. Se solicitó TC en un 76,93% de pacientes y 10 presentaron lesiones óseas asociadas del pie. Se realizó cirugía mediante reducción abierta en todas las lesiones abiertas y en un caso en el que fracasó la reducción cerrada. Cinco pacientes precisaron fijador externo tipo delta. Se objetivó esclerosis subcondral articular en un 77,77% de los casos; si bien solo uno precisó artrodesis subtalar. Conclusiones: Las luxaciones periastragalinas son una urgencia traumatológica y precisan una reducción precoz e inmovilización posterior. La fijación externa temporal transarticular es una buena opción de inmovilización en luxaciones abiertas. Son lesiones graves con alta probabilidad de artrosis precoz.(AU)

Introduction and objectives: Subtalar dislocations are a rare entity (<1%) in traumatic foot injuries. There is a loss of anatomical relationship between the talus, calcaneus and scaphoid. There are only small-published series. Material and methods: We present a series of patients (N=13) with subtalar dislocations in which a descriptive analysis of the main epidemiological, clinical and radiological variables was carried out, from which an urgent treatment algorithm is proposed. Cases with fractures of the neck of the talus, body of the calcaneus, or isolated Chopart fracture-dislocations were excluded. Results: The median age was 48.5 years with a predominance of males (69.23%). Five patients suffered falls or sprained ankles and the other eight suffered high-energy mechanisms. The medial dislocations (nine) predominated over the lateral ones (four). In addition, four patients presented open dislocations, two of them type IIIC that required amputation. CT scans were requested in 76.93% of patients and 10 presented associated bone lesions of the foot. Open reduction surgery was performed in all open lesions and in one case in which closed reduction failed. Five patients required a delta-type external fixator. Subchondral articular sclerosis was observed in 77.77% of cases; although only one required subtalar arthrodesis. Conclusions: Subtalar dislocations are a traumatic emergency that require early reduction and subsequent immobilization. Transarticular temporary external fixation is a good immobilization option in open dislocations. They are serious lesions with a high probability of early osteoarthritis.(AU)

[Translated article] SCIWORA in children. A rare clinical entity: Ambispective study / SCIWORA. Una rara entidad clínica en la población pediátrica. Estudio ambispectivo

Introducción y objetivos: Las luxaciones periastragalinas son una entidad poco frecuente (<1%) de las lesiones traumáticas del pie. Se produce una pérdida de relación anatómica entre astrágalo, calcáneo y escafoides. Solo hay pequeñas series publicadas. Material y métodos: Presentamos los casos de una serie de pacientes (N=13) con luxaciones periastragalinas en los que se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las principales variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas, a partir de las cuales se propone un algoritmo de tratamiento urgente. Se excluyeron los casos con fracturas del cuello del astrágalo, cuerpo del calcáneo o fracturas-luxación de Chopart aisladas. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 48,5 años con predominio del sexo masculino (69,23%). Cinco pacientes sufrieron caídas-entorsis sobre el tobillo y los 8 restantes mecanismos de alta energía. Las luxaciones mediales (9) predominaron sobre las laterales (4). Además, 4 pacientes presentaron luxaciones abiertas, 2 de ellas tipo IIIC que precisaron amputación. Se solicitó TC en un 76,93% de pacientes y 10 presentaron lesiones óseas asociadas del pie. Se realizó cirugía mediante reducción abierta en todas las lesiones abiertas y en un caso en el que fracasó la reducción cerrada. Cinco pacientes precisaron fijador externo tipo delta. Se objetivó esclerosis subcondral articular en un 77,77% de los casos; si bien solo uno precisó artrodesis subtalar. Conclusiones: Las luxaciones periastragalinas son una urgencia traumatológica y precisan una reducción precoz e inmovilización posterior. La fijación externa temporal transarticular es una buena opción de inmovilización en luxaciones abiertas. Son lesiones graves con alta probabilidad de artrosis precoz.(AU)

Introduction and objectives: Subtalar dislocations are a rare entity (<1%) in traumatic foot injuries. There is a loss of anatomical relationship between the talus, calcaneus and scaphoid. There are only small-published series. Material and methods: We present a series of patients (N=13) with subtalar dislocations in which a descriptive analysis of the main epidemiological, clinical and radiological variables was carried out, from which an urgent treatment algorithm is proposed. Cases with fractures of the neck of the talus, body of the calcaneus, or isolated Chopart fracture-dislocations were excluded. Results: The median age was 48.5 years with a predominance of males (69.23%). Five patients suffered falls or sprained ankles and the other eight suffered high-energy mechanisms. The medial dislocations (nine) predominated over the lateral ones (four). In addition, four patients presented open dislocations, two of them type IIIC that required amputation. CT scans were requested in 76.93% of patients and 10 presented associated bone lesions of the foot. Open reduction surgery was performed in all open lesions and in one case in which closed reduction failed. Five patients required a delta-type external fixator. Subchondral articular sclerosis was observed in 77.77% of cases; although only one required subtalar arthrodesis. Conclusions: Subtalar dislocations are a traumatic emergency that require early reduction and subsequent immobilization. Transarticular temporary external fixation is a good immobilization option in open dislocations. They are serious lesions with a high probability of early osteoarthritis.(AU)

Total hip arthroplasty with second generation dual mobility system as a treatment for primary coxarthrosis, medium-term results. / Artroplastia total de cadera con sistema de doble movilidad de segunda generación como tratamiento de coxartrosis primaria, resultados a mediano plazo.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis is a disabling pathology characterized by joint pain and stiffness. A prevalence of coxarthrosis of 7.4% is reported in our country. Total hip joint replacement is indicated in advanced stages, a procedure that is not free of complications, the most frequent being prosthetic dislocation, which can be prevented with dual mobility systems. The following study aims to determine the rate of complications and clinical outcomes in dual mobility systems in primary coxarthrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 120 cases in 114 patients diagnosed with grade III coxarthrosis, mean age was 62.43 years, with a mean follow-up of 4.5 years. Joint replacement was performed by Hardinge approach. All cases were assessed clinically using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiologically to demonstrate mid-term results. RESULTS: The preoperative value on the HHS scale had a mean of 56.45, postoperative at one month 74.23; 6 months 85.40; 1 year 94.01 and at 5 years 94.84 points, representing a functional improvement of 17.78 postoperative month; 28.95 at 6 months postoperative; 37.56 at one year postoperative and 38.39 points at 5 years postoperative. A complication rate of 3.44%; 0.86% of complications were associated with the prosthetic components. CONCLUSION: The dual mobility system should be considered as a therapeutic option in primary hip joint replacement due to excellent functional results and low complication rates. EVIDENCE LEVEL: IV. Retrospective observational case series study.

[Translated article] Type III acromioclavicular dislocation: Mid term results after operative and non-operative treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Controversy exists in the literature about the best treatment for type III acromioclavicular dislocations. The aim of this study is to compare functional results between surgical and conservative treatment in type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively evaluated the records of 30 patients from our area with acute type III acromioclavicular dislocations that were treated from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2020. Fifteen patients were treated surgically and 15 conservatively. Follow-up mean time was 37.93 months in operative group and 35.73 months in non-operative group. Results obtained on the Constant score was the main variable analysed and results obtained on the Oxford score and the Visual Analogue Scale for pain were the secondary variables. Epidemiological variables were analysed, as well as range of mobility in injured shoulder and subjective and radiological variables (distance between the superior border of the acromion and the superior border of the clavicle's distal end and presence of osteoarthritis in the acromioclavicular joint). RESULTS: Functional evaluation scores did not show differences between the two groups (Constant: operative 82/non-operative 86.38, p 0.412; Oxford: operative 42/non-operative 44.80, p 0.126) nor did Visual Analogue Scale (operative 1/non-operative 0.20, p 0.345). Subjective evaluation of the injured shoulder was excellent or good in 80% of the patients in both groups. Measurement of the distance between the superior border of the acromion and the superior border of the clavicle's distal end were significantly higher in non-operative group (operative 8.95/non-operative 14.21, p 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Although radiographic results were better in the surgical treatment group, functional evaluation scores did not show significant differences between the two groups. These results do not support the routine use of surgical treatment for grade III acromioclavicular dislocations.

Type I atlanto-occipital dislocation complicated by non-communicating hydrocephalus – A case report

Hydrocephalus, an extremely rare complication of craniocervical junction injuries, is postulated to result from compression of the fourth ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outlets by fractured and displaced bone fragments, a swollen upper spinal cord or adhesions formed after a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman for whom an injury to the cervical spine complicated by a type I atlanto-occipital dislocation contributed to the development of non-communicating hydrocephalus. The hydrocephalus was probably a consequence of impaired CSF circulation at the fourth ventricular outlets (the foramina of Luschka and Magendie), caused by post-haemorrhagic adhesions formed after severe injury to the craniocervical junction. (AU)

La hidrocefalia, una complicación extremadamente rara de las lesiones de la unión craneocervical se considera resultado del bloqueo de las salidas del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) del cuarto ventrículo por los fragmentos óseos fracturados y desplazados, la inflamación de la médula espinal superior o las adherencias formadas después de una hemorragia subaracnoidea traumática. Se reporta caso clínico de una mujer de 21 años en el que la lesión de la columna cervical complicada por una luxación atlanto-occipital de tipo I contribuyó al desarrollo de una hidrocefalia no comunicante. La hidrocefalia probablemente fue consecuencia de una obstrucción del flujo del LCR fuera del cuarto ventrículo (agujeros de Luschka y Magendie), debida a las adherencias post-hemorrágicas formadas después de la grave lesión de la unión craneocervical. (AU)

C1–C2 intraarticular distraction with anterior cervical cages for basilar invagination realignment: Operative technique nuances and review of literature

Neurosurgical management of basilar invagination (BI) has traditionally been aimed at direct cervicomedullary decompression through transoral dens resection or suboccipital decompression with supplemental instrumented fixation. Dr. Goel introduced chronic atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) as the etiology in most cases of BI and described a technique for distracting the C1–C2 joint with interfacet spacers to achieve reduction and anatomic realignment. We present our modification to Goel’s surgical technique, in which we utilize anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) cages as C1–C2 interfacet implants. A young adult male presented to our institution with BI, cervicomedullary compression, occipitalization of C1, and Chiari 1 malformation. There was AAD of C1 over the C2 lateral masses. This reduced some with preoperative traction. He underwent successful C1–C2 interfacet joint reduction and arthrodesis with anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) cages and concomittant occiput to C2 instrumented fusion. BI can be effectively treated through reduction of AAD and by utilizing ACD cages as interfacet spacers. (AU)

El tratamiento neuroquirúrgico tradicional para la impresión basilar es principalmente a través de un abordaje trans-oral para la resección del proceso odontoide, seguido de una descompresión suboccipital con instrumentación posterior cervical. Dr. Goel presenta la dislocación atlanto-axial (AA) como una de las etiologías principales en los casos de impresión basilar. A su vez, describió la técnica quirúrgica que incluye la distracción de la articulación AA con cajas para fusión permitiendo la reducción y reajuste anatómico cervical. En este artículo presentamos una variación a la técnica quirúrgica del Dr. Goel en el cual utilizamos implantes utilizados en la discectomía y fusión cervical anterior (DFCA) para la articulación facetaria de C1–C2. Presentamos un paciente adulto masculino que evaluamos en nuestra institución con impresión basilar, compresión cérvico-medular, fusión occipital con el atlas y malformación de Chiari tipo 1. En adición, el paciente tenía evidencia radiográfica de dislocación AA. Se logro obtener reducción mínima de la impresión basilar con tracción cervical pre-operatoria. Luego, se sometió al tratamiento quirúrgico que consistió en el uso de implantes cervicales para la reducción y fusión de la articulación facetaria de C1–C2 complementado por instrumentación y fusión craneocervical. Esta técnica presentada sugiere que la reducción y reajuste anatómico cervical de la dislocación AA con implantes utilizados para DFCA puede ser efectivo para el tratamiento de impresión basilar. (AU)

Subtalar dislocations: Analysis of a case series. Our urgent treatment algorithm. / Luxaciones periastragalinas: análisis de una serie de casos. Nuestro algoritmo de tratamiento urgente.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Subtalar dislocations are a rare entity (<1%) in traumatic foot injuries. There is a loss of anatomical relationship between the talus, calcaneus and scaphoid. There are only small-published series. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a series of patients (N=13) with subtalar dislocations in which a descriptive analysis of the main epidemiological, clinical and radiological variables was carried out, from which an urgent treatment algorithm is proposed. Cases with fractures of the neck of the talus, body of the calcaneus, or isolated Chopart fracture-dislocations were excluded. RESULTS: The median age was 48.5 years with a predominance of males (69.23%). Five patients suffered falls or sprained ankles and the other eight suffered high-energy mechanisms. The medial dislocations (nine) predominated over the lateral ones (four). In addition, four patients presented open dislocations, two of them type IIIC that required amputation. CT scans were requested in 76.93% of patients and 10 presented associated bone lesions of the foot. Open reduction surgery was performed in all open lesions and in one case in which closed reduction failed. Five patients required a delta-type external fixator. Subchondral articular sclerosis was observed in 77.77% of cases; although only one required subtalar arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS: Subtalar dislocations are a traumatic emergency that require early reduction and subsequent immobilization. Transarticular temporary external fixation is a good immobilization option in open dislocations. They are serious lesions with a high probability of early osteoarthritis.

C1-C2 intraarticular distraction with anterior cervical cages for basilar invagination realignment: Operative technique nuances and review of literature.

Neurosurgical management of basilar invagination (BI) has traditionally been aimed at direct cervicomedullary decompression through transoral dens resection or suboccipital decompression with supplemental instrumented fixation. Dr. Goel introduced chronic atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) as the etiology in most cases of BI and described a technique for distracting the C1-C2 joint with interfacet spacers to achieve reduction and anatomic realignment. We present our modification to Goel's surgical technique, in which we utilize anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) cages as C1-C2 interfacet implants. A young adult male presented to our institution with BI, cervicomedullary compression, occipitalization of C1, and Chiari 1 malformation. There was AAD of C1 over the C2 lateral masses. This reduced some with preoperative traction. He underwent successful C1-C2 interfacet joint reduction and arthrodesis with anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) cages and concomittant occiput to C2 instrumented fusion. BI can be effectively treated through reduction of AAD and by utilizing ACD cages as interfacet spacers.

Type I atlanto-occipital dislocation complicated by non-communicating hydrocephalus - A case report.

Hydrocephalus, an extremely rare complication of craniocervical junction injuries, is postulated to result from compression of the fourth ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outlets by fractured and displaced bone fragments, a swollen upper spinal cord or adhesions formed after a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman for whom an injury to the cervical spine complicated by a type I atlanto-occipital dislocation contributed to the development of non-communicating hydrocephalus. The hydrocephalus was probably a consequence of impaired CSF circulation at the fourth ventricular outlets (the foramina of Luschka and Magendie), caused by post-haemorrhagic adhesions formed after severe injury to the craniocervical junction.

[Translated article] Subtalar dislocations: Analysis of a case series. Our urgent treatment algorithm.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Subtalar dislocations are a rare entity (<1%) in traumatic foot injuries. There is a loss of anatomical relationship between the talus, calcaneus and scaphoid. There are only small-published series. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a series of patients (N=13) with subtalar dislocations in which a descriptive analysis of the main epidemiological, clinical and radiological variables was carried out, from which an urgent treatment algorithm is proposed. Cases with fractures of the neck of the talus, body of the calcaneus, or isolated Chopart fracture-dislocations were excluded. RESULTS: The median age was 48.5 years with a predominance of males (69.23%). Five patients suffered falls or sprained ankles and the other eight suffered high-energy mechanisms. The medial dislocations (nine) predominated over the lateral ones (four). In addition, four patients presented open dislocations, two of them type IIIC that required amputation. CT scans were requested in 76.93% of patients and 10 presented associated bone lesions of the foot. Open reduction surgery was performed in all open lesions and in one case in which closed reduction failed. Five patients required a delta-type external fixator. Subchondral articular sclerosis was observed in 77.77% of cases; although only one required subtalar arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS: Subtalar dislocations are a traumatic emergency that require early reduction and subsequent immobilisation. Transarticular temporary external fixation is a good immobilisation option in open dislocations. They are serious lesions with a high probability of early osteoarthritis.

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation with improvement of neurological deficit: case report / Luxação traumática atlanto-occipital com melhora do déficit neurológico: relato de caso / Luxación atlanto-occipital traumática con mejoría del déficit neurológico: informe de un caso

ABSTRACT: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is a rare, severe, and usually fatal injury. In this paper, we report the case of a 28-year-old patient with multiple trauma, who suffered an atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) associated with rotatory dislocation at C1-C2, condyle fracture and traumatic brain injury resulting from a car accident, with a cardiopulmonary arrest at the accident site. The patient had motor and sensory deficits, suffering other complications of clinical severity during hospitalization. After two years of surgical treatment follow-up, the patient had a complete recovery of neuromotor and sensory functions. This case demonstrates that neurological recovery with minimal sequelae is possible, even after an unfavorable prognosis resulting from a severe injury with a high risk of death as this kind of trauma. It is essential for health professionals to have the ability to identify and treat AOD, ensuring improved clinical outcomes, reducing mortality and morbidity, and providing a better life to affected patients. Level of Evidence IV; Cases Series.

RESUMO: A luxação traumática atlanto-occipital (LTAO) é uma lesão rara, grave e com alto índice de mortalidade. Neste artigo relatamos o caso de um paciente de 28 anos, politraumatizado, que sofreu uma LTAO associada à luxação rotatória em C1-C2, à avulsão de côndilo e ao traumatismo crânio encefálico decorrente de acidente automobilístico, com relato de uma parada cardiorrespiratória no local do acidente. O paciente deu entrada no serviço com déficit motor e sensitivo, sofrendo outras intercorrências de gravidade clínica durante a internação. Após dois anos do tratamento cirúrgico, o paciente evoluiu favoravelmente com completa recuperação das alterações neuromotoras e sensitivas. O caso apresentado demonstra que é possível a recuperação neurológica com sequelas mínimas, mesmo após um prognóstico desfavorável decorrente de uma lesão grave e o elevado risco de morte decorrente desse tipo de trauma. É essencial que os profissionais de saúde estejam aptos a identificar e tratar a LTAO, garantindo uma melhorar dos resultados clínicos, redução da mortalidade e morbidade, além de proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida aos pacientes afetados. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos.

RESUMEN: La luxación traumática atlanto-occipital (LTAO) es una lesión grave, poco frecuente y con una elevada tasa de mortalidad. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un paciente politraumatizado de 28 años que sufrió una LTAO asociada a luxación rotatoria en C1-C2, a la avulsión de cóndilos y traumatismo craneoencefálico como consecuencia de un accidente de tráfico, con parada cardiorrespiratoria en el lugar del accidente. El paciente presentaba déficits motores y sensoriales y sufrió otras complicaciones clínicas graves durante su hospitalización. Luego de dos años de tratamiento quirúrgico, el paciente evoluciona favorablemente con recuperación completa de las alteraciones neuromotoras y sensitivas. El caso presentado demuestra que la recuperación neurológica con mínimas secuelas es posible, incluso después de un pronóstico desfavorable debido a una lesión grave y al alto riesgo de muerte derivado de este tipo de traumatismos. Es esencial que los profesionales sanitarios sean capaces de identificar y tratar la LTAO, garantizando mejores resultados clínicos, una reducción de la mortalidad y la morbilidad, y una mejor calidad de vida para los pacientes afectados. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Series de casos.

Situación de la articulación de la cadera en pacientes adultos con parálisis cerebral / Hip joint status in adult patients with cerebral palsy

Introducción: En parálisis cerebral, la migración de la cabeza femoral se define como la pérdida de cobertura de esta por parte del acetábulo y se mide mediante el índice de Reimer. El tratamiento quirúrgico puede ser preventivo, reconstructivo o de salvamento, siendo los índices de fracaso de la cirugía elevados y relacionados con la severidad de la parálisis cerebral. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es obtener la incidencia de la migración de caderas en nuestra serie de pacientes adultos con parálisis cerebral, determinar el resultado de las que han sido intervenidas quirúrgicamente y establecer la recurrencia que presentan las diversas técnicas quirúrgicas. Material y métodos: Se ha diseñado un estudio retrospectivo observacional para determinar el estado de las caderas de pacientes adultos con parálisis cerebral, que se han visitado en la Unidad entre los años 2008 y 2021. Resultados: La incidencia global de desplazamiento de la cadera fue de un 75%, aquellos pacientes con afectaciones más severas (GMFCS IV y V) tienen más predisposición a la luxación y además son más severas. Las cirugías sobre partes blandas constituyeron un 49,5% de las intervenciones realizadas con una tasa de fracaso de hasta el 82%. La cirugía reconstructiva se realizó en un 45,5% de las ocasiones, con un porcentaje de fracaso mayor al 86%. Conclusión: Actualmente, la implementación de programas de vigilancia de cadera pretende mejorar el seguimiento y las intervenciones aplicadas en el desplazamiento de la cadera, con el objetivo de mantener una cobertura acetabular óptima y, en todo caso, reducir la tasa de fracaso de las posibles cirugías.(AU)

Introduction: In cerebral palsy, femoral head migration is defined as the loss of coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum and is measured using the Reimer index. Surgical treatment can be preventive, reconstructive, or salvage, and failure rates of surgery are high and related to the severity of cerebral palsy. The aim of our work is to assess the incidence of hip migration in our series of adult patients with cerebral palsy, to determine the outcome of those who have undergone surgery, and to establish recurrence rates after the various surgical techniques. Material and methods: We designed a retrospective observational study to determine the hip status of adult patients with cerebral palsy visiting the Unit between 2008 and 2021. Results: The overall incidence of hip displacement was 75%, patients with more extensive disability (GMFCS IV and V) were more predisposed to dislocation, also more severe. Soft tissue surgery made up 49.5% of the operations performed with a failure rate of up to 82%. Reconstructive surgery was performed in 45.5% of cases with a failure rate of more than 86%. Conclusion: The current hip surveillance programmes have been implemented to improve follow-up and interventions in hip displacement, with the objective of maintaining optimal acetabular coverage and reducing the failure rate of potential surgeries.(AU)

Luxación expuesta del tobillo sin fractura: Reporte de caso con seguimiento de 1 año

Introducción/Presentación del caso: Se reporta un caso particular de luxación expuesta de tobillo sin fractura maleolar asociada luego de un accidente vehicular (traumatismo de alta energía), junto con el desbridamiento inicial, la reducción y el uso de un fijador externo. Durante la evaluación se encontró una deficiencia de cobertura de tejidos blandos, que originalmente se abordó con terapia de presión negativa antes de recibir el autoinjerto de piel. Creemos que es vital compartir nuestra experiencia, evolución positiva tras un año de seguimiento, con mejoría en la EVA y la puntuación de la FAOS, y proporcionar posibles opciones de tratamiento en la literatura debido a la rareza de este tipo de luxación expuesta sin fractura. Conclusiones: Las principales conclusiones son la pronta administración de antibióticos intravenosos, el desbridamiento y la reducción, la técnica de estabilización externa, el cuidado suficiente de los tejidos blandos y la pronta cobertura de los defectos de la piel. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Introduction/Case Presentation: A particular case of an exposed ankle dislocation without associated malleolar fracture after a vehicular accident, a high energy trauma, is reported. Along with the initial debridement, reduction, and use of an external fixator. A coverage deficiency was found, which was originally addressed with negative pressure therapy before receiving skin graft. We think it´s vital to share our experience, positive progress after a year of follow-up, with improvement in the VAS and FAOS score, and to provide potential treatment options in the literature due to the rarity of this type of exposed dislocation without fracture. Conclusions: The main takeaways are the prompt administration of intravenous antibiotics, debridement and reduction, external stabilizing technique, sufficient soft tissue care, and prompt coverage of skin defects. No capsular or ligament repair was decided in the operating room. (provided by Infomedic International)

EFECTIVIDAD DE LA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA TIPO A EN EL MANEJO DE LA CADERA ESPÁSTICA DE NIÑOS CON PARÁLISIS CEREBRAL / EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TOXIN BOTULINUM TYPE A IN THE DRIVING OF THE HIP CHILDREN'S SPASTICS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

La espasticidad es uno de los principales factores de riesgo que predispone a la luxación de cadera en los niños con parálisis cerebral (PC). La aplicación de toxina botulínica (BTX A) en los músculos aductores de caderas reduce este riesgo

Spasticity is one of the main risk factors predisposing to hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy (CP), Botulinum toxin A (BTX A) injection in hip adductor muscles reduces this risk

Artroplastia total de cadera primaria en pacientes con secuelas de poliomielitis / Primary total hip arthroplasty in patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis

Introducción: La prótesis total de cadera (PTC) en pacientes con secuelas de poliomielitis (SP) supone un reto quirúrgico. La morfología displásica, la osteoporosis y la debilidad glútea dificultan la orientación, incrementan el riesgo de fractura y reducen la estabilidad del implante. El objetivo de este estudio es describir una serie de pacientes con SP tratados mediante PTC. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes con SP intervenidos mediante PTC entre 1999 y 2021 en un hospital de tercer nivel, con seguimiento clínico y radiológico y evaluación funcional y de las complicaciones hasta el presente o hasta el fallecimiento, con un mínimo de 12meses. Resultados: Se intervinieron 16 pacientes, implantándose 13PTC en el miembro parético, 6 por fractura y 7 por coxartrosis, mientras que las otras 3PTC se implantaron en el miembro contralateral. Se implantaron 4 cotilos de doble movilidad como medida antiluxante. Al año postoperatorio, 11 presentaban un balance articular completo sin aumentar los casos de Trendelenburg. El Harris Hip Score (HHS) mejoró 32,1puntos, la escala visual analógica (EVA), 5,25puntos, y la escala de Merlé-d’Augbiné-Poste, 6puntos. La corrección de la discrepancia de longitud fue de 13,77mm. La mediana del seguimiento fue de 3,5años (1-24). Dos casos se revisaron por usura del polietileno y 2 por inestabilidad, sin registrarse infecciones, fracturas periprotésicas o aflojamiento del cotilo o vástago. Conclusiones: La PTC en pacientes con SP permite mejorar la situación clínico-funcional con una tasa de complicaciones aceptable. El riesgo de luxación podría minimizarse con cotilos de doble movilidad.(AU)

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with residual poliomyelitis (RP) is a surgical challenge. Dysplastic morphology, osteoporosis and gluteal weakness hinder orientation, increase fracture risk and reduce implant stability. The aim of this study is to describe a series of patients with RP treated by THA. Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of patients with RP treated with THA between 1999 and 2021 in a tertiary hospital, with clinical and radiological follow-up and functional and complication evaluation until present or death, with a minimum of 12months. Results: Sixteen patients underwent surgery, with 13THA implanted in the paretic limb, 6 for fracture and 7 for osteoarthritis, while the remaining 3 were implanted in the contralateral limb. Four dual mobility cups were implanted as an antiluxation measure. At 1year postoperatively, 11 had complete range of motion with no increase in Trendelenburg cases. The Harris hip score (HHS) improved 32.1points, the visual analog scale (VAS) 5.25 points, and the Merlé-d’Augbiné-Poste scale 6 points. The length discrepancy correction was 13.77mm. Median follow-up was 3.5years (1-24). Two cases were revised for polyethylene wear and two for instability, with no infections, periprosthetic fractures, or cup or stem loosening. Conclusions: THA in patients with RP allows improvement of the clinico-functional situation with an acceptable complication rate. The risk of dislocation could be minimized with dual mobility cups.(AU)

[Translated article] Primary total hip arthroplasty in patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis / Artroplastia total de cadera primaria en pacientes con secuelas de poliomielitis

Introducción: La prótesis total de cadera (PTC) en pacientes con secuelas de poliomielitis (SP) supone un reto quirúrgico. La morfología displásica, la osteoporosis y la debilidad glútea dificultan la orientación, incrementan el riesgo de fractura y reducen la estabilidad del implante. El objetivo de este estudio es describir una serie de pacientes con SP tratados mediante PTC. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes con SP intervenidos mediante PTC entre 1999 y 2021 en un hospital de tercer nivel, con seguimiento clínico y radiológico y evaluación funcional y de las complicaciones hasta el presente o hasta el fallecimiento, con un mínimo de 12meses. Resultados: Se intervinieron 16 pacientes, implantándose 13PTC en el miembro parético, 6 por fractura y 7 por coxartrosis, mientras que las otras 3PTC se implantaron en el miembro contralateral. Se implantaron 4 cotilos de doble movilidad como medida antiluxante. Al año postoperatorio, 11 presentaban un balance articular completo sin aumentar los casos de Trendelenburg. El Harris Hip Score (HHS) mejoró 32,1puntos, la escala visual analógica (EVA), 5,25puntos, y la escala de Merlé-d’Augbiné-Poste, 6puntos. La corrección de la discrepancia de longitud fue de 13,77mm. La mediana del seguimiento fue de 3,5años (1-24). Dos casos se revisaron por usura del polietileno y 2 por inestabilidad, sin registrarse infecciones, fracturas periprotésicas o aflojamiento del cotilo o vástago. Conclusiones: La PTC en pacientes con SP permite mejorar la situación clínico-funcional con una tasa de complicaciones aceptable. El riesgo de luxación podría minimizarse con cotilos de doble movilidad.(AU)

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with residual poliomyelitis (RP) is a surgical challenge. Dysplastic morphology, osteoporosis and gluteal weakness hinder orientation, increase fracture risk and reduce implant stability. The aim of this study is to describe a series of patients with RP treated by THA. Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of patients with RP treated with THA between 1999 and 2021 in a tertiary hospital, with clinical and radiological follow-up and functional and complication evaluation until present or death, with a minimum of 12months. Results: Sixteen patients underwent surgery, with 13THA implanted in the paretic limb, 6 for fracture and 7 for osteoarthritis, while the remaining 3 were implanted in the contralateral limb. Four dual mobility cups were implanted as an antiluxation measure. At 1year postoperatively, 11 had complete range of motion with no increase in Trendelenburg cases. The Harris hip score (HHS) improved 32.1points, the visual analog scale (VAS) 5.25 points, and the Merlé-d’Augbiné-Poste scale 6 points. The length discrepancy correction was 13.77mm. Median follow-up was 3.5years (1-24). Two cases were revised for polyethylene wear and two for instability, with no infections, periprosthetic fractures, or cup or stem loosening. Conclusions: THA in patients with RP allows improvement of the clinico-functional situation with an acceptable complication rate. The risk of dislocation could be minimized with dual mobility cups.(AU)

[Hip joint status in adult patients with cerebral palsy]. / Situación de la articulación de la cadera en pacientes adultos con parálisis cerebral.

INTRODUCTION: In cerebral palsy, femoral head migration is defined as the loss of coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum and is measured using the Reimer index. Surgical treatment can be preventive, reconstructive, or salvage, and failure rates of surgery are high and related to the severity of cerebral palsy. The aim of our work is to assess the incidence of hip migration in our series of adult patients with cerebral palsy, to determine the outcome of those who have undergone surgery, and to establish recurrence rates after the various surgical techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We designed a retrospective observational study to determine the hip status of adult patients with cerebral palsy visiting the Unit between 2008 and 2021. RESULTS: The overall incidence of hip displacement was 75%, patients with more extensive disability (GMFCS IV and V) were more predisposed to dislocation, also more severe. Soft tissue surgery made up 49.5% of the operations performed with a failure rate of up to 82%. Reconstructive surgery was performed in 45.5% of cases with a failure rate of more than 86%. CONCLUSION: The current hip surveillance programmes have been implemented to improve follow-up and interventions in hip displacement, with the objective of maintaining optimal acetabular coverage and reducing the failure rate of potential surgeries.

Correlación entre la incidencia de lesión del manguito rotador en luxación glenohumeral anterior traumática y el hombro contralateral / Correlation between the incidence of rotator cuff lesion in traumatic unilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation and the contralateral shoulder

Introducción: En el contexto de la luxación glenohumeral anterior, en los pacientes mayores de 60 años, el manguito rotador posterosuperior es más susceptible a lesionarse debido a su condición degenerativa preexistente. Sin embargo, en este grupo etario, la evidencia científica no logra dilucidar si las lesiones del manguito rotador son causa o consecuencia de la inestabilidad recurrente de hombro. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la prevalencia de lesiones del manguito rotador en una serie de hombros consecutivos en mayores de 60 años que sufrieron un primer episodio de luxación glenohumeral traumática, y su correlación con lesiones del manguito rotador en el hombro contralateral. Métodos: Se estudiaron de forma retrospectiva 35 pacientes mayores de 60 años que presentaron un primer episodio de luxación glenohumeral anterior traumática unilateral y que contaban con RMN de ambos hombros, determinando la correlación lesional del manguito rotador y de la porción larga del bíceps entre el hombro que sufrió el evento traumático y el contralateral, presumiblemente sano. Resultados: Al valorar la existencia de lesión parcial o completa de los tendones supraespinoso e infraespinoso, la concordancia en el lado afectado y sano, hemos evidenciado resultados concordantes en ambos lados en el 88,6 y 85,7%, respectivamente. El coeficiente de concordancia kappa resultó 0,72 para la lesión del tendón supraespinoso y para la lesión del tendón infraespinoso. Del total de 35 casos evaluados, 8 (22,8%) presentaron al menos alguna alteración en el tendón de la porción larga del bíceps en el lado afectado y solo uno (2,9%) en el lado sano, resultando el coeficiente de concordancia kappa 0,18. De los 35 casos evaluados, 9 (25,7%) presentaron al menos alguna retracción en el tendón del músculo subescapular en el lado afectado, mientras que ningún participante evidenció signos de retracción en el tendón de este músculo en el lado sano...(AU)

Introduction: Anterior glenohumeral dislocation in patients older than 60 years is related to rotator cuff lesion because of its pre-existing degenerative condition. However, in this age group, the scientific evidence fails to elucidate whether rotator cuff lesions are the cause or consequence of recurrent shoulder instability. The objective of this paper is to describe the prevalence of rotator cuff injuries in a series of consecutive shoulders in patients older than 60 years who suffered a first episode of traumatic glenohumeral dislocation, and its correlation with rotator cuff injuries in both shoulders. Methods: Retrospectively, 35 patients over 60 years of age who had a first episode of unilateral traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocation and who had MRI of both shoulders were studied, evaluating both shoulders with MRI to determine the structural damage correlation of the rotator cuff and long head of the biceps between them. Results: When assessing the existence of partial or complete injury to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, the concordance on the affected and healthy sides, we have shown concordant results on both sides in 88.6 and 85.7%, respectively. The Kappa concordance coefficient was 0.72 for supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons tear. Of the total of 35 cases evaluated, 8 (22.8%) presented at least some alteration in the tendon of the long head of the biceps on the affected side and only one (2.9%) on the healthy side, where the Kappa coefficient of concordance was 0.18. Of the 35 cases evaluated, 9 (25.7%) presented at least some retraction in the tendon of the subscapularis muscle on the affected side, while no participant showed signs of retraction in the tendon of this muscle on the healthy side...(AU)