A satisfação da grávida com os cuidados das enfermeiras obstétricas durante a pandemia COVID-19 / Pregnant women's satisfaction with the care provided by nurse midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic / Satisfacción de las embarazadas con la atención de las enfermeras obstétricas durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Resumo Enquadramento: Em tempo de pandemia, as consultas de enfermagem de vigilância da gravidez sofreram alterações, nomeadamente na restrição de acompanhantes. Por esse motivo, é importante a avaliação da satisfação das grávidas com a assistência de enfermagem durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação da grávida com a assistência das enfermeiras obstétricas nas consultas de vigilância da gravidez durante o contexto de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 196 grávidas. Aplicado a Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), constituída pelas dimensões: relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação, confiança, credibilidade e dedicação. Resultados: As grávidas apresentam-se em média mais satisfeitas na dimensão relacionamento interpessoal e comunicação e menos satisfeitas na dimensão dedicação. Conclusão: As grávidas apresentam-se satisfeitas com a assistência de enfermagem percecionando a sua importância. Tal reforça a pertinência das consultas serem realizadas por um Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica.

Abstract Background: Prenatal nursing appointments underwent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the restriction of companions. For this reason, it is important to assess pregnant women's satisfaction with nursing care during this period. Objective: To assess pregnant women's satisfaction with nurse midwife-led prenatal appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 196 pregnant women. The Portuguese version of the General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale (Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com a Assistência de Enfermagem) was administered to the sample. The tool consists of the following dimensions: interpersonal relationship and communication, confidence, credibility, and dedication. Results: Pregnant women are, on average, more satisfied in the interpersonal relationship and communication dimension and less satisfied in the dedication dimension. Conclusion: Pregnant women are satisfied with nursing care and acknowledge its importance. This finding reinforces the importance of nurse midwife-led consultations.

Resumen Marco contextual: En tiempos de pandemia, las citas de enfermería para el seguimiento del embarazo cambiaron, sobre todo la restricción de acompañantes. Por esta razón, es importante evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con los cuidados de enfermería durante este contexto pandémico. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con la atención prestada por las enfermeras obstétricas en las consultas de seguimiento del embarazo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de carácter cuantitativo, con una muestra de 196 mujeres embarazadas. Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción de los Pacientes con Asistencia de Enfermería (General Practice Nurse Satisfaction Scale - GPNS), compuesta por las siguientes dimensiones: relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, confianza, credibilidad y dedicación. Resultados: Las mujeres embarazadas están, de media, más satisfechas en la dimensión relaciones interpersonales y comunicación, y menos satisfechas en la dimensión dedicación. Conclusión: Las embarazadas se mostraron satisfechas con los cuidados de enfermería y se dieron cuenta de su importancia. Esto refuerza la pertinencia de que las consultas sean realizadas por una enfermera especializada en Enfermería de Salud Materna y Obstétrica.

Effect of coffee intake on appetite parameters in woman with overweight or obesity: A pilot crossover randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: Coffee consumption has demonstrated an effect on the regulation of appetite, causing less hunger and/or greater satiety; however, its effects are not well known in woman with overweight or obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of coffee consumption on hunger, satiety, sensory specific desire (SSD), and dietary intake in women with overweight or obesity. METHODOLOGY: A randomized crossover clinical trial was realized in 3 sessions: in the first session a clinical history, anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were performed; in sessions 2 and 3 the participants randomly consumed 240mL of coffee with 6mg/caffeine/kg of weight or 240mL of water along with a standardized breakfast. At fasting and every 30min after breakfast for the next 3h, appetite sensations and SSD were recorded using visual analog scales. Blood samples were taken at fasting, 30 and 180min after breakfast. Dietary intake was recorded in the rest of the intervention days. RESULTS: In the coffee intervention there was an increased desire for sweet foods, higher fructose intake during the rest of the day, and higher triglyceride levels than with the water intervention. No differences were detected in ghrelin or cholecystokinin. CONCLUSIONS: Coffee consumption may lead to higher triglycerides and higher intake of simple sugars, mainly fructose, through changes in the SSD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT05774119.

[Evolution of the presence of women in decision-making bodies of the Spanish national health system]. / Evolución de la presencia de mujeres en los órganos de decisión del Sistema Nacional de Salud en España.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the presence of women in the organs of the Interterritorial Council of the Spanish National Health System (CISNS). METHOD: Annual reports of the CISNS from 2005 to 2022 were analyzed. Artificial intelligence was used to assign gender, and percentages of women's participation were calculated. Temporal evolution, vertical segregation, and horizontal segregation were analyzed. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2022, there were 14,308 participations in 85 organs, with 52% women, rising from 42% in 2005 to 61% in 2022. There was a higher participation of women in propositional organs (54%), followed by executive ones (50%), and plenary sessions (40%). The General State Administration had 61% women compared to 48% in autonomous communities. Women's participation varied by topic, being higher (82%) in gender violence and lower (35%) in inspection. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a slight reduction in the participation gap between women and men, inequalities persist. Women have less presence in higher hierarchical levels (plenary sessions), maintaining vertical segregation. Additionally, women's representation in certain topics remains low, maintaining horizontal segregation. Concrete actions must be taken to continue advancing equality and improving health outcomes in society as a whole.

As vulnerabilidades das mulheres na hanseníase: uma revisão integrativa de literatura / Women's vulnerability in leprosy: an integrative literature review / Las vulnerabilidades de las mujeres en la lepra: una revisión integradora de la literatura

Objetivo: compreender as vulnerabilidades a que as mulheres com hanseníase estão expostas e quais as implicações tanto para sua saúde como para sua vida social, religiosa, política e familiar. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A coleta de dados foi realizada no mês de abril de 2024, na base de dados do Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). O descritor utilizado foi: mulheres and hanseníase. Resultados: Ao todo, 19 artigos foram selecionados. A partir da análise realizada, optou-se por produzir três categorias temáticas (vulnerabilidade, corpo e estigma) para classificar o ponto central dos artigos escolhidos. Conclusão: Necessita-se de pesquisas que possam cada vez mais elucidar quais são as necessidades de mulheres com o diagnóstico ou em tratamento da hanseníase e pensar em políticas públicas, no gerenciamento e administração da enfermidade a partir da atenção primária.

Objective: To understand the vulnerabilities to which women with leprosy are exposed and the implications for both their health and their social, religious, political, and family life. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review. Data collection was conducted in April 2024 in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) database. The descriptor used was women and leprosy. Results: In total, nineteen articles were selected. Based on the analysis conducted, it was decided to produce three thematic categories (vulnerability, body, and stigma) to classify the crucial point of the chosen articles. Conclusion: There is a need for research that can increasingly elucidate the needs of women diagnosed with or undergoing treatment for leprosy, and to consider public policies, management, and administration of the disease from primary care.

Objetivo: comprender las vulnerabilidades a las que están expuestas las mujeres con lepra y las implicaciones tanto para su salud como para su vida social, religiosa, política y familiar. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. La recolección de datos se realizó en abril de 2024 en la base de datos de la Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). El descriptor utilizado fue: mujeres y lepra. Resultados: En total, se seleccionaron diecinueve artículos. A partir del análisis realizado, se optó por producir tres categorías temáticas (vulnerabilidad, cuerpo y estigma) para clasificar el punto central de los artículos elegidos. Conclusión: Se necesitan investigaciones que puedan elucidar cada vez más cuáles son las necesidades de las mujeres con diagnóstico o en tratamiento de la lepra y considerar políticas públicas, así como la gestión y administración de la enfermedad desde la atención primaria.

Medicolegal assessment of human trafficking victims. Descriptive study of a series of forensic cases in Catalonia (Spain). / Valoración médico-legal de las víctimas de trata de seres humanos. Estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos forenses en Cataluña (España).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human trafficking or contemporary slavery is the recruitment and transfer of people by force or deception for sexual, labour or other types of exploitation. Although the violence, abuse and deprivation that trafficking entails are a threat to the health of its victims, in Spain the clinical or forensic data available in this regard is scarce. At the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Catalonia (IMLCFC), a unit specialized in the forensic assessment of these victims was created. The objective of this work was to describe a series of forensic cases of trafficking victims. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of victims in judicial cases opened for an alleged crime of human trafficking registered in the IMLCFC until 06/30/2023. RESULTS: 57 different victims were registered. The majority were women (71.9%). The average age was 30.5 years (s.d. 10.31). All the victims were foreigners, mostly from Latin America (45.5%). The exploitation was mainly sexual (61.4%). There were some sociodemographic differences and in the conditions and consequences of trafficking between victims of sexual exploitation and the rest. Mental health problems were very common in all victims at the time of the assessment (87.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The consequences of trafficking on health, especially mental health, are notable and the forensic assessment of victims is valuable in judicial proceedings. It is necessary to deepen our knowledge of the phenomenon in our environment.

Autismo y camuflaje / Autism and camouflage

Resumen El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de base neurobiológica con alta prevalencia y claro predo mino en varones. Se caracteriza por déficits en la cog nición social y la comunicación, intereses restringidos y conductas estereotipadas, frecuentemente asociado a disfunciones sensoriales, otras condiciones del neuro desarrollo, trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, epilepsia y/o trastornos de sueño. Esta condición acompañará a las personas a lo largo de toda la vida, lo cual generará diversas necesidades de apoyo y tratamientos. Las personas con autismo muchas veces necesitan "encajar", para ello utilizan técnicas como el camuflaje, también denominada enmascara miento. Esta actitud se ha observado en personas con desarrollo típico y en personas con autismo en la infan cia, adolescencia y vida adulta, aunque en los autistas esta conducta es más intensa y lleva más tiempo, y se la identifica con más frecuencia e intensidad en mujeres adultas autistas. Esto podría explicar el subregistro de autismo, el diagnóstico más tardío, el retraso en el abordaje tera péutico y la mayor presencia de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión relacionados al esfuerzo que implica "pa recer normal". Si bien las personas al camuflar parecen ser "normales" y encajan perfectamente, ésta no es una actitud que debiera propiciarse, por el contrario es imperativo trabajar para mejorar el entorno y la com prensión de cada persona. En este trabajo analizamos los aspectos clínicos, su relación con la edad, sexo, y formas de detección del mismo.

Abstract Autism is a neurobiologically based neurodevelop mental disorder with high prevalence and a clear pre dominance in males. It is characterized by deficits in social cognition and communication, restricted inter ests, and stereotyped behaviors, frequently associated with sensory dysfunction others neurodevelopmental conditions, neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and/or sleep disorders. This condition will accompany people throughout their lives, which will generate various sup port and treatment needs. People with autism often need to "fit in" and for this they use techniques such as camouflage, also called masking. This attitude has been observed in people with typical development and in people with autism in childhood, adolescence and adult life, although in autistic people this behavior is more intense and takes longer and with more frequency and intensity in autistic adult women. This could explain the underreporting of autism, the later diagnosis, the delay in the therapeutic approach, and the greater presence of anxiety and depression disorders related to the effort that "appearing normal" implies. Even though camouflage people appear to be "normal" and fit in perfectly, this is not an attitude that we should promote and, on the contrary, it is imperative to work to improve the environment and the under standing of each person. In this paper we will analyze the clinical aspects, their relationship with age, sex, and ways of detecting it.

Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain.

INTRODUCTION: There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. RESULTS: The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM's history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. CONCLUSIONS: Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality.

Factors associated with the health and reproductive autonomy of Quilombola women in Brazil / Factores asociados a la salud y la autonomía reproductiva de las mujeres quilombolas en Brasil / Fatores associados à saúde e autonomia reprodutiva de mulheres quilombolas no Brasil

Objective.To verify the association between reproductive autonomy and sociodemographic, sexual, and reproductive characteristics in Quilombola women (a term indicating the origin of politically organized concentrations of Afro-descendants who emancipated themselves from slavery).Methods. Cross-sectional and analytical study with 160 women from Quilombola communities in the southwest of Bahia, Brazil. Data were collected using the Reproductive Autonomy Scale and the questionnaire from the National Health Survey (adapted).Results. Out of the 160 participating women, 91.9% declared themselves as black, one out of every three were aged ≤ 23 years, 53.8% were married or had a partner, 38.8% had studied for ≤ 4 years, over half (58.1%) were unemployed, only 32.4% had a monthly income > R$ 430 (80 US dollars), 52.5% had their first menstruation at the age of 12, 70.7% had not accessed family planning services in the last 12 months, and over half used some method to avoid pregnancy (59.0%). The women had a high level of reproductive autonomy, especially in the "Decision-making" and "Freedom from coercion" subscales with a score of 2.53 and 3.40, respectively. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between the "Total reproductive autonomy" score and marital status, indicating that single or unpartnered women had higher autonomy compared to married or partnered women. Conclusion.The association of social determinants of health such as marital status, education, and age impacts women's reproductive choices, implying risks for sexual and reproductive health. The intergenerational reproductive autonomy of Quilombola women is associated with sociodemographic and reproductive factors.

Objetivo. Verificar la asociación entre autonomía reproductiva y características sociodemográficas, sexuales y reproductivas en mujeres quilombolas (término que indica procedencia de concentraciones de afrodescendientes políticamente organizadas que se emanciparon de la esclavitud). Métodos. Estudio transversal y analítico con 160 mujeres de comunidades quilombolas del sudoeste de Bahía, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados utilizando la Escala de Autonomía Reproductiva y el cuestionario de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (adaptado). Resultados. De las 160 mujeres participantes 91.9% se declararon negras, una de cada tres tenía edad ≤ 23 años, 53.8% estaban casada o tenían pareja, 38.8% había estudiado por ≤ 4 años, más de la mitad (58.1%) no trabajaba, solo 32.4% tenía renta > R$ 430 mensual (87 $US dólares), el 52.5% tuvo la primera menstruación a los 12 años, 70.7% no había acudido a servicios de planificación familiar en los últimos 12 meses y más de la mitad usaba algún método para evitar embarazo (59%). Las mujeres tuvieron un alto nivel de autonomía reproductiva, especialmente en las subescalas "Toma de decisiones" y "Ausencia de coerción" con una puntuación de 2.53 y 3.40, respectivamente. Se encontró asociación significativa (p<0.05) entre la puntuación de "Autonomía reproductiva total" con el estado civil, indicando el análisis que las mujeres solteras o sin pareja tenían mayor autonomía en comparación con las casadas o con pareja. Conclusión. La asociación de determinantes sociales de la salud como el estado civil, la escolaridad y la edad interfieren en las opciones reproductivas de las mujeres, implicando riesgos para la salud sexual y reproductiva. La autonomía reproductiva intergeneracional de las mujeres quilombolas está asociada a factores sociodemográficos y reproductivos.

Objetivo. Verificar a associação entre a autonomia reprodutiva e características sociodemográficas, sexuais e reprodutivas em mulheres quilombolas (termo que indica a origem de concentrações politicamente organizadas de pessoas de ascendência africana que se emanciparam da escravatura). Métodos. Estudo transversal e analítico com 160 mulheres (80 mães e 80 filhas) de comunidades quilombolas no sudoeste baiano, no Brasil. Os dados foram construídos através da aplicação da Escala de Autonomia Reprodutiva e do questionário da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (adaptado). Resultados. das 160 mulheres participantes 91.9% se autodeclararam negra, a maioria com idade ≤ 23 anos (35.6%), 53.8% são casadas ou com companheiro, 38.8% com estudos ≤ 4 anos, mais da metade (58.1%) não trabalham, apenas 32.4% têm renda > R$ 430, a maioria teve a primeira menstruação até os 12 anos de idade (52.5%), não participou de grupo de planejamento familiar nos últimos 12 meses (70.7%), mais da metade utilizava método para evitar a gravidez (59%). Apresentaram elevada autonomia reprodutiva, com destaque para as subescalas "Tomada de decisão" e "Ausência de coerção" medindo 2.53 e 3.40, respectivamente. Encontrou-se associação significativa (p<0.05) entre o escore de "Autonomia reprodutiva total" e estado conjugal, com a análise indicando que mulheres solteiras ou sem companheiro apresentaram maior autonomia, comparadas às mulheres casadas ou com companheiro. Conclusão. A associação dos determinantes sociais de saúde como estado civil, menarca, escolaridade e idade interferem nas escolhas reprodutivas das mulheres, implicando em riscos à saúde sexual e reprodutiva. A autonomia reprodutiva intergeracional das mulheres quilombolas está associada a fatores sociodemográficos e reprodutivos.

Fatores associados à deficiência de vitamina D em mulheres gestantes e lactantes / Factores asociados a la deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes / Factors associated with vitamin d deficiency in pregnant and lactatingwomen

Introdução: A deficiência de vitamina D durante a gestação e a lactação pode repercutir negativamente no desenvolvimento fetal e infantil, devido seu papel fundamental nos sistemas imunológico, cardíaco, ósseo, muscular e neural. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura para integrar estudos que evidenciam a deficiência de vitamina D em gestantes e lactantes, e os fatores de risco associados a essa carência. Metodologia: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico entre agosto e outubro de 2021, com atualização entre outubro e novembro de 2022 através de pesquisas às bases Pubmed e Scielo, bem como às listas de referências dos artigos selecionados. Foram empregados os descritores consumo alimentar, vitamina D, deficiência de vitamina D, gestantes e lactantes, usando-se o operador booleano AND para a associação entre eles. Como critérios de inclusão foram adotados o tipo de estudo (epidemiológicos, ensaios clínicos e revisões integrativa e sistemática), o idioma (espanhol, inglês e português) e o período de publicação (2010 a 2022). Resultados: Evidenciou-se que existem vários fatores de riscos para a inadequação do status de vitamina D em gestantes e lactantes como a baixa exposição da pele à luz solar e fatores relacionados (uso excessivo de protetor solar, menor tempo de atividades ao ar livre, clima, religião e hábitos culturais, maior escolaridade);a pigmentação mais escura da pele; o baixo consumo alimentar de vitamina D e variáveis associadas; a menor idade materna; o primeiro trimestre gestacional; a primiparidade e o excesso de tecido adiposo. Conclusões: Em gestantes e lactantes, a carência de vitamina D associa-se a distintos fatores, com destaque principalmente para a baixa exposição à luz solar, a pigmentação mais escura da pele e o excesso de tecido adiposo, sendo de extrema importância que sejam abordados com cautela, visando ações voltadas a variáveis modificáveis, de modo a auxiliar na redução da hipovitaminose D nestes grupos (AU).

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and breastfeeding can have a negative impact on fetal and infant development due to its fundamental role in the immune, cardiac, bone, muscular and neural systems. Objective: To conduct a literature review to integrate studies which show the Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant andlactating women, and the risk factors associated with this deficiency. Methodology: A bibliographic survey was carried out between August and October 2021, with an update between October and November 2022 through searches in the Pubmed and Scielo databases, as well as the reference lists of the selected articles. The descriptors food consumption, vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, pregnant and lactating women were used, using the Boolean operator AND for the association between them. The type of study (epidemiological, clinical trials and integrative and systematic reviews), language (Spanish, English and Portuguese) and publication period (2010 to 2022) was adopted as inclusion criteria.Results:It was shown that there are several risk factors for inadequate vitamin D status in pregnant and lactating women, such as low skin exposure to sunlight and related factors (excessive use of sunscreen, less time spent outdoors, climate, religion and cultural habits, higher education); darker skin pigmentation; low dietary intake of vitamin D and associated variables; the lowest maternal age; the first gestational trimester; primiparity and excess adipose tissue.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant and lactating women is associated with different factors, witha main emphasis on low exposure to sunlight, darker skin pigmentation and excess adipose tissue. Furthermore, it is extremely important that these factors are approached with caution, implementing actions aimed at modifiable variables in order to help reduce hypovitaminosis D in these groups (AU).

Introducción: La deficiencia de vitamina D durante el embarazo y la lactancia puede tener un impacto negativo en el desarrollo fetal e infantil, por su papel fundamental en los sistemas inmunológico, cardíaco, óseo, muscular y neural. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica para integrar estudios que evidencien la deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, y los factores de riesgo asociados. Metodología:Se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico entre agosto y octubre de 2021, con actualizaciones entre octubre y noviembre de 2022 mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed y Scielo, así como en las listas de referencias de los artículos seleccionados. Se utilizaron los descriptores consumo de alimentos, vitamina D, deficiencia de vitamina D, gestantes y lactantes, utilizándose el operador booleano AND para la asociación entre ellos. Se adoptaron como criterios de inclusión el tipo de estudio (epidemiológicos, clínicos, revisiones integradoras y sistemáticas), idioma (español, inglés y portugués) y período de publicación (2010 a 2022).Resultados: Existen varios factores de riesgo para un estado inadecuado de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, como la baja exposición de la piel a la luz solar y factores relacionados (uso excesivo de protector solar, menor tiempo al aire libre, clima, religión y hábitos culturales, educación más alta); pigmentación de la piel más oscura; baja ingesta dietética de vitamina D y variables asociadas; la edad materna más baja; el primer trimestre gestacional; Primiparidad y exceso de tejido adiposo. Conclusiones:En mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, el déficit de vitamina D se asocia a diferentes factores, especialmente la baja exposición solar, la pigmentación de la piel más oscura y el exceso de tejido adiposo, y es de suma importancia abordarlos con precaución, apuntando a acciones dirigidas a variables modificables, con el fin de ayudar a reducir la hipovitaminosis D en estos grupos (AU).

Características de la población femenina carcelaria: un caso de la región Caribe de Colombia / Characteristics of the female prison population: a case from the Caribbean region of Colombia / Características da população carcerária feminina: um caso da região caribenha da Colômbia

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir las características de las mujeres privadas de libertad (MPL) de un centro de detención carcelario de la región Caribe de Colombia, a partir de un método cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, mediante el uso de unidades de análisis documental de una muestra de 202 archivos psicojurídicos de mujeres privadas de libertad, durante los años 2021 y 2022. En estos archivos se encuentran 25 variables divididas en tres grupos. Primer grupo: características sociodemográficas de la población; segundo grupo: datos históricos, relativos a antecedentes familiares y de salud mental; tercer grupo: aspectos relacionados con la conducta delictiva. De acuerdo con los resultados encontrados, la mayor parte de la población son madres, con escaso acceso a oportunidades laborales, bajo nivel de escolaridad, con precarios ingresos económicos, antecedentes de victimización psicológica, sexual o física, exposición a violencia indirecta, antecedentes de abandono y, en algunos casos, se identificó la presencia de diagnósticos en salud mental, consumo de sustancias, comorbilidad y experiencias traumáticas durante su infancia y adolescencia y la prisionalización de padres o familiares. Estos resultados permiten reconocer la importancia de los aspectos históricos y los antecedentes de la conducta delictiva femenina, lo cual resulta fundamental en la prevención de la criminalidad, haciendo frente a los factores de riesgo previos a la conducta delictiva femenina; igualmente, la relevancia del fortalecimiento de un modelo carcelario de cara a las características y necesidades de la población femenina, una política criminal y un sistema penitenciario de género sensitivo, así como la incorporación de los resultados encontrados en el tratamiento carcelario, en la resocialización y en la prevención del fenómeno criminal.

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of women deprived of liberty (MPL) in a prison detention centre in the Caribbean region of Colombia, based on a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional method, using units of documentary analysis of a sample of 202 psycho-legal files of women deprived of liberty, during the years 2021 and 2022. These files contain 25 variables divided into three groups. First group: socio-demographic characteristics of the population; second group: historical data, relating to family history and mental health; third group: aspects related to criminal behaviour. According to the results found, most of the population are mothers, with little access to job opportunities, low level of schooling, precarious economic income, history of psychological, sexual or physical victimisation, exposure to indirect violence, history of abandonment and, in some cases, the presence of mental health diagnoses, substance use, comorbidity and traumatic experiences during childhood and adolescence and the imprisonment of parents or relatives were identified. These results allow us to recognise the importance of the historical aspects and background of female criminal behaviour, which is fundamental in the prevention of criminality, addressing the risk factors prior to female criminal behaviour; also, the relevance of strengthening a prison model that takes into account the characteristics and needs of the female population, a criminal policy and a gender-sensitive penitentiary system, as well as the incorporation of the results found in prison treatment, in re-socialisation and in the prevention of the criminal phenomenon

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características das mulheres privadas de liberdade (MPL) em um centro de detenção prisional na região caribenha da Colômbia, com base em um método quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, usando unidades de análise documental de uma amostra de 202 arquivos psicolegais de mulheres privadas de liberdade, durante os anos de 2021 e 2022. Esses arquivos contêm 25 variáveis divididas em três grupos. Primeiro grupo: características sociodemográficas da população; segundo grupo: dados históricos, relativos à história familiar e à saúde mental; terceiro grupo: aspectos relacionados ao comportamento criminal. De acordo com os resultadosencontrados, a maior parte da população é composta por mães, com pouco acesso a oportunidades de trabalho, baixo nível de escolaridade, renda econômica precária, histórico de vitimização psicológica, sexual ou física, exposição à violência indireta, histórico de abandono e, em alguns casos, foi identificada a presença de diagnósticos de saúde mental, uso de substâncias, comorbidade e experiências traumáticas durante a infância e a adolescência e o encarceramento dos pais ou parentes. Esses resultados permitem reconhecer a importância dos aspectos históricos e dos antecedentes do comportamento criminoso feminino, o que é fundamental na prevenção da criminalidade, abordando os fatores de risco anteriores ao comportamento criminoso feminino; também, a relevância do fortalecimento de um modelo prisional diante das características e necessidades da população feminina, de uma política criminal e de um sistema prisional sensível ao gênero, bem como a incorporação dos resultados encontrados no tratamento prisional, na ressocialização e na prevenção do fenômeno criminal.

Pensando a prática no futebol de mulheres: a parceria entre Athletico Paranaense e Foz Cataratas (2019) / Thinking about women's soccer: the partnership between Athletico Paranaense and Foz Cataratas (2019) / Pensando en el fútbol femenino: la asociación entre Athletico Paranaense y Foz Cataratas (2019)

Este texto objetiva analisar as condições para atuação futebolística das mulheres jogadoras da equipe Foz Cataratas após a associação realizada com o clube Athletico Paranaense em 2019. Para tanto optou-se por um estudo de caso realizado através de observações e entrevista semiestruturada aplicadas à quatorze jogadoras e ao dirigente. As narrativas foram analisadas com base na metodologia denominada Análise de Conteúdo (Bardim, 1979). Verificou-se que as ações fomentadas pelas entidades futebolísticas impactaram positivamente ao trazer oportunidades para um número maior de mulheres, mas não garantiu melhorias nas condições de atuação das jogadoras e não remeteu a profissionali-zação no futebol de mulheres, especialmente para equipes com baixo capital simbólico, localizadas fora dos centros futebolísticos (AU).

Incidence of Muscular Strength, Anthropometry, and Asymmetry in the General Index of Autonomy in Older Chilean Women

SUMMARY: Frailty affects the functional autonomy (FA) of older adults and could manifest itself in muscle imbalances in the limbs, resulting in a disparity in size and strength between them. In Chile, information on the relationship between muscle strength (MS) levels and FA asymmetries in older women is limited. This study related the levels of MS, anthropometric parameters, and asymmetries of the lower and upper limbs, with the FA of a group of older Chilean women. The study included 39 women who participated, and their FA was evaluated using the GDLAM index (IG). Based on the score obtained in the IG, they were classified by percentiles as Group 1 with favorable FA (P ≤ 50) and Group 2 with low FA (P > 50). Anthropometric parameters were BMI, fat percentage, bone mass, circumferences (arm, thigh, calf), diameters (humerus, femur) and upper/lower limb strength was evaluated to determine asymmetries. The differences between the covariates of both groups were evaluated using the student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. G1 presented less asymmetry (p > 0.05) in the lower limbs and greater calf circumference than G2 (p < 0.05). G1 presented greater bilateral strength (dominant and non-dominant limb) compared to G2 (p < 0.05). The covariates of age, anthropometry, MS, and lower/upper limb asymmetries influence FA in older women.

La fragilidad afecta la autonomía funcional (AF) de las personas mayores y podría manifestarse en desequilibrios musculares en los miembros, dando lugar a una disparidad de tamaño y fuerza entre ellos. En Chile, la información que relaciona los niveles de fuerza muscular (FM) y las asimetrías con la AF en mujeres mayores es limitada. Este estudio relacionó los niveles de FM, parámetros antropométricos y asimetrías de los miembros inferiores y superiores, con la AF de un grupo de mujeres mayores chilenas. Participaron 39 mujeres, cuya AF se evaluó mediante el índice GDLAM (IG). En función de la puntuación obtenida en el IG, se clasificaron por percentiles en Grupo 1 con AF favorable (P ≤ 50) y Grupo 2 con AF baja (P > 50). Los parámetros antropométricos fueron IMC, porcentaje de grasa, masa ósea, circunferencias (brazo, muslo, pantorrilla), diámetros (húmero, fémur) y se evaluó la fuerza de los miembros superiores/ inferiores para determinar asimetrías. Las diferencias entre las covariables de ambos grupos se evaluaron mediante la prueba t de student y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes. G1 presentó menor asimetría (p > 0,05) en los miembros inferiores y mayor perímetro de pantorrilla que G2 (p < 0,05). G1 presentó mayor fuerza bilateral (miembro dominante y no dominante) en comparación con G2 (p < 0,05). Las covariables de antropometría, FM y asimetrías de extremidades inferiores/superiores influyen en la AF en mujeres mayores.

Sex differences in delay times in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The present study analyzes a cohort of consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), evaluating the ischemia-reperfusion times from the perspective of gender differences (females versus males), with a long-term follow-up. METHODS: Single-center analytical cohort study of patients with STEMI in a tertiary hospital, between January 2015 and December 2020. RESULTS: A total of 2668 patients were included, 2002 (75%) men and 666 (25%) women. The time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to the opening of the artery was 197min (IQR 140-300) vs 220min (IQR 152-340), p=0.004 in men and women respectively. A delay in health care significantly impacts the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events at follow-up, HR 1.34 [95%CI 1.06-1.70]; p=0.015. CONCLUSIONS: Women took longer to go to health care services and had a longer delay both in the diagnosis of STEMI and in coronary reperfusion. It is imperative to emphasize the necessity of educating women about the recognition of ischemic heart disease symptoms, empowering them to raise early alarms and seek timely medical attention.

Validez e invariancia de medida de la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna en alumnado del ámbito de la educación / Validity and measurement invariance of the Modern Homonegativi-ty Scale for students in the field of education

Aquellas investigaciones orientadas a analizar las actitudes hacia la homosexualidad sugieren el uso de instrumentos que detecten los aspectos sutiles en la discriminación hacia hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas. Asimismo, se señala que la invariancia de medida de los constructos es imprescindible para que las comparaciones entre grupos sean válidas. Este trabajo pretende validar la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna (MHS) en estudiantes universitarios del ámbito de la educación (N = 1.283) con un rango de edad entre los 17 y los 49 años (M = 2.88; DT = 3,02). Del mismo modo, se interesa por examinar la invariancia de medida de la MHS en relación con ciertas variables sociodemográficas y personales (p. ej. identidad de género), así como ideológicas (p. ej. inclinación política). Los resultados aportaron evidencias sobre la unidimensionalidad de la escala y un alto grado de consistencia interna (wMHS-G = .879; wMHS-L = .906), además de unos índices de ajuste (CFIMHS-G = .95, CFIMHS-L = .97; RMSEAMHS-G = .064, 90% IC: .057-.071, RMSEAMHS-L = .059, 90% IC: .052-.066) y unos valores de validez externa (MHS-G y AN-T: r = .753, I.C. 95% = .722-.785; MHS-L y AN-T: r = .76. I.C. 95% = .730-.790) satisfactorios. Asimismo, sugirieron que tanto la subescala hacia hombres gais (MHS-G) como mujeres lesbianas (MHS-L) son constructos invariantes conforme a las variables estudiadas. Las conclusiones apuntan a la validez y la invariancia de medida del modelo propuesto para comparar los niveles de homonegatividad moderna entre los grupos estudiados.(AU)

The research aimed at analysing attitudes towards homosexuality recommends the use of instruments that can detect subtle aspects of dis-crimination against gay men and lesbian women. It also asserts that the measurement invariance of constructs is essential for valid comparisons between groups. The present study aims to validate the Modern Ho-monegativity Scale (MHS) in university students in the fieldof education (N= 1.283) with an age range of 17 to 49 years old (M = 2.88; SD = 3.02). In addition, we seekto examine the measurement invariance of the MHS in relation to certain sociodemographic and personal variables (e.g. gender identity), as well as ideological variables (e.g. political inclination). The re-sults provided evidence of the scale'sunidimensionality and a high degree of internal consistency (MHS-G= .879; MHS-L= .906), as well as satisfac-tory fit indices (CFIMHS-G= .95, CFIMHS-L= .97; RMSEAMHS-G= .064, 90% CI: .057-.071, RMSEAMHS-L= .059, 90% CI: .052-.066) and external validity values (MHS-G and AN-T: r= .753, CI 95% = .722-.785; MHS-L and AN-T: r= .76. CI 95% = .730-.790). They also indicated that both the subscales –towards gay men (MHS-G) and lesbian women (MHS-L) –are invariant constructs according to the variables studied. The findings point to the validity and measurement invariance of the proposed model for comparing levels of modern homonegativity between the groups studied.(AU)

La relación entre infertilidad y calidad del sueño en las mujeres: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / The relationship between infertility and sleep quality in women: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objetivos El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis era examinar la relación entre la infertilidad y la calidad del sueño en las mujeres. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica entre octubre y noviembre del 2022 con estudios a texto completo en PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Google Scholar y Scientific Information Database (SID). El estudio se basa en las recomendaciones del Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa informático Review Manager (versión 5.3). Resultados Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura incluyendo 11 estudios. El metaanálisis reveló una asociación significativa entre la infertilidad y la calidad del sueño en las mujeres, con una disminución de la calidad del sueño en las pacientes infértiles (DME: –0,75; IC del 95%: –0,84 al –0,66; Z=16,46; p <0,00001) y una diferencia significativa entre infertilidad y depresión (DME: –0,18; IC del 95%: –0,27 al –0,09; Z=4,00; p <0,0001). Conclusión Según los resultados de este estudio, las mujeres infértiles tienen una calidad del sueño baja. PROSPERO ID: CRD42023404389. (AU)

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to examine the relationship between infertility and sleep quality in women. Methods The literature search was conducted between October and November 2022 with full-text studies from PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID). The study is based on the recommendations of the Cochrane guidelines. The data were analyzed using the Review Manager computer software (Version 5.3). Results A systematic literature review was conducted, with 11 studies included. The meta-analysis revealed a significant difference between infertility and sleep quality in women, that the sleep quality of infertile patients decreased (SMD: -0.75 95% CI: -0.84 to -0.66, Z=16.46, P<.00001), and that there was a significant difference between infertility and depression (SMD: -0.18 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.09, Z=4.00, P<.0001). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that sleep quality is low in infertile women. PROSPERO ID: CRD42023404389. (AU)

Basic human needs in pregnant women at high risk obstetrician analyzed under the Wanda Horta Theory / Necesidades humanas básicas en gestantes con alto riesgo obstétrico analizado bajo la Teoría de Wanda Horta / Necessidades humanas básicas em gestantes de alto risco obstétrico analisadas sob a Teoria de Wanda Horta

Objetivo: identificar las necesidades humanas básicas de lasembarazadas de alto riesgo hospitalizadas con base en la Teoríade Wanda Horta.Método: investigación asistencial realizada con dieciséis gestantesde alto riesgo hospitalizadas en una maternidad de referenciaen Ceará entre septiembre y noviembre de 2019. Se recolectóinformación a través de diario de campo y ficha de caracterizaciónde las gestantes y registros de necesidades humanas básicas.Los resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptivasimple y un enfoque integral a la luz del marco de Wanda Horta.Resultados: las gestantes presentaron necesidades psicobiológicas,psicosociales y psicoespirituales, siendo prevalentes: ausencia deactividades de ocio, inseguridad emocional, escaso conocimiento,sueño y descanso perjudicados, y actividades físicas restringidaspor indicación de descanso.Consideraciones finales: se cree que el razonamiento crítico y eljuicio clínico de los enfermeros se centraron en la individualidadde las gestantes, identificando necesidades en los tres nivelespropuestos por la teoría, apuntando caminos para cualificarel cuidado de enfermería a las gestantes de alto riesgo.(AU)

Objective: to identify the basic human needs of hospitalizedhigh-risk pregnant women based on Wanda Horta's Theory. Method: care research carried out with sixteen high-risk pregnantwomen hospitalized in a reference maternity hospital in Cearábetween September and November 2019. Information was collectedthrough a field diary and a form to characterize the pregnantwomen and records of basic human needs. The results wereanalyzed by simple descriptive statistics and a comprehensiveapproach in the light of the framework of Wanda Horta.Results: the pregnant women presented psychobiological,psychosocial and psychospiritual needs, being prevalent: absenceof leisure activities, emotional insecurity, poor knowledge,impaired sleep and rest, and restricted physical activities byindication of rest.Final considerations: it is believed that the nurses' criticalreasoning and clinical judgment were focused on the individualityof pregnant women, identifying needs at the three levels proposedby the theory, pointing out ways to qualify nursing care forhigh-risk pregnant women.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades humanas básicas de gestantesde alto risco hospitalizadas com base na Teoria de Wanda Horta.Método: pesquisa-cuidado realizada com dezesseis gestantes de altorisco hospitalizadas em maternidade de referência no Ceará entresetembro e novembro de 2019. As informações foram coletadasatravés de diário de campo e formulário para caracterizaçãodas gestantes e registros das necessidades humanas básicas. Osresultados foram analisados por estatística descritiva simples eabordagem compreensiva à luz do referencial de Wanda Horta.Resultados: as gestantes apresentaram necessidades psicobiológicas,psicossociais e psicoespirituais, sendo prevalentes: ausênciade atividades de lazer, insegurança emocional, conhecimentodeficiente, sono e repouso prejudicado e atividades físicasrestritas por indicação de repouso.Considerações finais: acredita-se que o raciocínio crítico eo julgamento clínico dos enfermeiros estiveram focados naindividualidade das gestantes, identificando necessidades nostrês níveis propostos pela teoria, apontando caminhos paraqualificar a assistência de enfermagem às gestantes de alto risco.(AU)

La mujer en la radiología española actual: análisis en perspectiva / Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain

Introducción: Existen desigualdades por razón de género en todos los ámbitos, incluyendo la radiología. Aunque la situación está mejorando, la presencia de radiólogas en puestos de liderazgo continúa siendo minoritaria. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación de la mujer en la radiología española, comparándola con Europa y EE. UU. Materiales y métodos: Seleccionamos como franja de referencia los años 2000-2022 para hacer una comparación con datos de feminización a lo largo de la historia. Además también se incluyeron datos puntuales relevantes del recién comenzado 2023. Las variables en las que investigamos la feminización fueron las siguientes: estudiantes de medicina, médicos graduados, residentes y especialistas en radiodiagnóstico, jefes de sección, jefes de servicio, tutores de residentes de radiodiagnóstico, radiólogos profesores universitarios, presidentes de las principales entidades y sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE. UU., receptores de los principales galardones de dichas sociedades radiológicas y editores jefe de sus revistas. Para ello realizamos una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, contactamos con las sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE. UU. y realizamos una encuesta a los principales servicios de radiodiagnóstico de España. Resultados: La presencia femenina en radiología va disminuyendo a medida que ascendemos a puestos de liderazgo, situación que se constata tanto en España como en Europa y EE. UU., comparativa que analizaremos en profundidad a lo largo del artículo. En los hospitales españoles en el año 2021 había un 58,1% de mujeres residentes de radiodiagnóstico, 55% de radiólogas, 42,9% de jefas de sección y 24,4% de jefas de servicio. En la historia de la SERAM ha habido un 10% de mujeres presidentas, un 22% de mujeres medallas de oro y un 5% de editoras jefe. Analizando los datos del año 2000 al 2023 el porcentaje de presidentas alcanza el 32% y las mujeres medalla de oro el 31%.(AU)

Introduction: There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyze the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. Materials and methods: We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main spanish radiology departments. Results: The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analyzed in depth throughout the article. In spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM's history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyze data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%.(AU)

[Health consequences of violence against women by the couple]. / Consecuencias para la salud de la violencia contra la mujer por la pareja.

Intimate partner violence against women (IPV) has devastating effects on the healthcare and well-being of women and their children. Physical, psychological, and social consequences, a worse perception of their own health, and loss of quality of life are well-documented, while aftereffects persist in time even after the end of abuse. Psychological consequences of abuse last longer and are more serious. IPV also affects sons and daughters, disabled people, family, and the attacker himself. Many health problems, both physical and mental, that lead women to go to healthcare services in search of help have an origin in the violence they experience. Treatment of the symptoms without awareness of its relation to such violence favours medicalization, iatrogenesis, and chronification. Psychological violence poses a threat that is invisible, subtle, cumulative, and difficult to detect; it is, however, the most destructive.

Dietary patterns of Sonoran breastfeeding women are associated to exclusive or partial breastfeeding regimes.

BACKGROUND: During breastfeeding, the maternal diet ensures mothers and infants health. Therefore, it is necessary to update information about the diet of exclusively or partially breastfeeding women in each population. We evaluated the diet of Sonoran breastfeeding women, identified their dietary patterns, and examined their association with the breastfeeding regime. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 62 women breastfeeding exclusively (n = 43) or partially (n = 19) participated. The diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and patterns were identified through principal component analysis. RESULTS: Overall, fats and sodium intake were higher, while potassium intake was lower than recommended. Two dietary patterns were identified: "regional" (n = 36) and "prudent" (n = 26). Women following the "prudent" pattern consumed more protein, calcium, and potassium than those following the "regional" pattern (p < 0.05). The probability of exclusively breastfeeding women having a "prudent" dietary pattern was higher than that of partially breastfeeding women (adjusted odds ratios = 7.29, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breastfeeding possibly motivated mothers to follow a more prudent diet than those who partially breastfed. Therefore, it is crucial to promote a healthy diet among breastfeeding mothers.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante el amamantamiento, la dieta garantiza la salud materno-infantil. Por esto, es necesario contar con información actualizada sobre la dieta de quienes amamantan exclusiva o parcialmente en cada población. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la dieta de mujeres sonorenses amamantando, identificar sus patrones dietarios y buscar su asociación con el régimen de lactancia. MÉTODOS: En este estudio transversal participaron 62 mujeres amamantando de forma exclusiva (n = 43) o parcialmente (n = 19). Se evaluó la dieta con un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y los patrones se identificaron a través del análisis de componentes principales. RESULTADOS: En general, la ingestión de grasas y sodio fue superior y la de potasio inferior a las cantidades recomendadas. Se identificaron dos patrones dietarios: "regional" (n = 36) y "prudente" (n = 26). Las mujeres con patrón "prudente" ingirieron más proteína, calcio y potasio que las del patrón "regional" (p < 0.05). La probabilidad de que las mujeres que amamantaban en exclusiva siguieran un patrón dietario "prudente" fue mayor que la de aquellas que amamantaban parcialmente (razón de momios ajustada (AOR) = 7.29, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONES: La lactancia exclusiva posiblemente motivó a las madres a seguir una dieta más prudente que la de aquellas que amamantaban parcialmente. Es necesario promover una dieta saludable entre las madres amamantando.

Cabelo, identidade e bem-estar subjetivo da mulher negra / Hair, Identity and subjective well-being of blanck women / Cabello, identidad y bienestar subjetivo de las mujeres negras

A estética em mulheres produz subjetividades, sentimentos e posicionamentos que levam a percepções. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a relação entre o uso do cabelo natural por mulheres negras e seu bem-estar subjetivo. Estudo descritivo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com 12 mulheres de uma associação de afroempreendedorismo. A partir de entrevistas analisadas pelo método de análise temática de conteúdo investigou-se como a opção pelo cabelo em sua estrutura natural esteve relacionada à identidade negra e ao bem-estar subjetivo. Como resultado observou-se um resgate da ancestralidade, um processo de libertação dos padrões estéticos e uma aceitação, corroborados por um autocuidado e autoestima que elevam o bem-estar subjetivo, repercutindo na qualidade de vida. A praticidade do uso natural do cabelo aparece como um elemento facilitador para o dia a dia das participantes

Aesthetics in women produces subjectivities, feelings and positions that lead to perceptions. The objective of the research was to investigate the relationship between the use of natural hair by black women and their subjective well-being. Exploratory descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, with 12 women from an Afro-entrepreneurship association. Based on interviews analyzed using the thematic content analysis method, it was investigated how the option for hair in its natural structure was related to black identity and subjective well-being. As a result, there was a recovery of ancestry, a process of liberation from aesthetic standards and acceptance, corroborated by self-care and self-esteem that increase subjective well-being, with repercussions onquality of life. The practicality of using naturalhair appears as an element that facilitates the daily lives of the participants

La estética en la mujer produce subjetividades, sentimientos y posiciones que conducen a percepciones. El objetivo de la investigación fue investigar la relación entre el uso del cabello natural por parte de las mujeres negras y su bienestar subjetivo. Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo, con 12 mujeres de una asociación de emprendimiento afro. A partir de entrevistas analizadas mediante el método de análisis de contenido temático, se investigó cómo la opción por el cabello en su estructura natural se relacionaba con la identidad negra y el bienestar subjetivo. Como resultado, hubo una recuperación de la ancestralidad, un proceso de liberación de los estándares estéticos y de aceptación, corroborado por el autocuidado y la autoestima que aumentan el bienestar subjetivo, con repercusiones en la calidad de vida. La practicidad de utilizar cabello natural aparece como elemento que facilita el día a día de los participantes (AU).