ABSTRACT
Studies involving foods associated with pain reversal and anti-inflammatory effects using zebrafish are rarely reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of graviola (Annona muricata L.) fruit bar (GFB) and GFB added with acerola (Malpighia glabra L) seed extract (ASE) on acute nociception and abdominal inflammation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute nociception was induced by formalin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, acidic saline, glutamate (cutaneous models), and hypertonic saline (corneal model), and inflammation was induced by carrageenan. Both GFB and ASE exhibited antinociceptive effect modulated by the nitrergic system, guanylate cyclase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and acid-sensing ion channels. The antinociceptive effect of GFB also appears to be modulated by the opioid system and glutamatergic receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor). Only ASE presented corneal antinociceptive effect. Both samples showed anti-inflammatory effect, being more significant the effect of GFB. The addition of acerola by-product extract in GFB results in a product with greater biological potential.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/pharmacology , Annona/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Inflammation/drug therapy , Nociceptive Pain/drug therapy , Animals , Behavior, Animal , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Fruit/chemistry , Male , Malpighiaceae/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Toxicity Tests, Acute , ZebrafishABSTRACT
The use of plant extracts in an attempt to protect the skin against photoaging has increased considerably, since many of these extracts have compounds with photoprotective activity or which act synergistically with sunscreens, and also have a high antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant and photoprotective activities of dry acerola extract incorporated into O/W emulsions, with or without chemical sunscreen. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed during stability evaluations. The emulsion containing extracts of acerola showed absorption in the UVB region, with maximum absorbance at 290nm. At the concentration used, the acerola did not exhibit SPF ≤2 and thus cannot be considered a fruit with photoprotective potential, but antioxidant activity was confirmed in the formulation. The combined emulsion of acerola extract and chemical filters performed well in the stability tests and showed synergistic action in protecting the skin from being damaged by UV irradiation.
O emprego de extratos vegetais na tentativa de proteger a pele contra o fotoenvelhecimento vem crescendo muito, uma vez que muitos destes extratos apresentam compostos com atividade fotoprotetora ou sinérgica em associação a filtros solares, além do alto potencial antioxidante. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante e fotoprotetora in vitro do extrato seco de acerola veiculada em emulsões do tipo O/A e emulsões acrescidas de filtros solares químicos. Ensaios físico-químicos e microbiológicos foram realizados durante a avaliação de sua estabilidade. A emulsão composta pelo extrato de acerola apresentou absorção na região UVB com absorbância máxima em 290 nm. Na concentração utilizada, a acerola não apresentou FPS ≤2, assim não pode ser considerado planta com potencial fotoprotetor, porém foi confirmada atividade antioxidante na formulação. A associação do extrato de acerola com os filtros químicos apresentou-se estável frente aos ensaios de estabilidade e ação sinérgica na proteção da pele contra os danos induzidos pela radiação UV.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Malpighiaceae/chemistry , Sunscreening AgentsABSTRACT
Malpighia glabra L, popularly known as acerola, is considered a functional fruit and therefore is taken to prevent disease or as adjuvant to treatment strategies, since the fruit is an undeniable source of vitamin C, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Acerola is a natural source of vitamin C, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Its chemical composition is affected by genetic uniformity of the orchards and environmental factors. Considering the extensive growth of the culture of acerola in Brazil as well as its widespread use, this study evaluates the genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of acerola in relation to geographical origin using the comet assay in mice blood cells in vitro. No acerola samples showed potential to induce DNA damage, independently of origin. Also, for antigenotoxicity activity, only the acerola sample from São Paulo reduced DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (by about 56%). The sample from Ceará showed good antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, in agreement with its higher rutin, quercetin, and vitamin C levels. Additional studies with other treatment regimens are necessary to better understand the impact of the complex mixture of acerola on genomic stability.