O custo da beleza: sofrimento e estratégias defensivas de manicures em salões de beleza do Rio de Janeiro / The cost of beauty: suffering and defensive strategies of manicurists in beauty salons in Rio de Janeiro

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma dissertação de mestrado cujo objetivo foi compreender as vivências de sofrimento e as estratégias defensivas desenvolvidas por manicures atuantes em salões de beleza. Nesta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, conduziram-se entrevistas em profundidade a partir de roteiro semiestruturado com 12 manicures de nove diferentes salões de beleza localizados no município do Rio de Janeiro. As informações levantadas foram analisadas sob a ótica da análise dos núcleos do sentido. Nos resultados, observou-se o agravamento do sofrimento diretamente relacionado às políticas de remuneração praticadas nos salões, à assimilação do ônus do custeamento dos instrumentos de trabalho e à carência de benefícios sociais e trabalhistas. Como estratégias de defesa, observou-se a predominância de estratégias individuais. A pesquisa buscou contribuir para a redução da invisibilização do trabalho de manicures e, a partir da psicodinâmica do trabalho, desvelar a reciprocidade entre as precárias condições de laborais e os fatores geradores de adoecimento psíquico dessas trabalhadoras

This article presents part of the results of a master's degree whose objective was to understand the experiences of suffering and the defensive strategies experienced by manicurists in beauty salons. In this qualitative research, in-depth interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured script with 12 manicurists from nine different beauty salons located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The data obtained were analyzed from the perspective of the analysis of nuclei of sense. The results showed the worsening of suffering is directly related to the remuneration policies practiced in the salons, the assimilation of the burden of funding work instruments, and the lack of social and labor benefits. As defense strategies, the predominance of individual strategies was observed. This research contributes to reduce the invisibility of manicurists' work and, based on the psychodynamics of work, show the reciprocity between precarious working conditions and the factors that generate these workers' mental illness

Acrylates as a significant cause of allergic contact dermatitis: new sources of exposure.

Acrylate monomers have a wide range of applications. Since the 1950s, many reports of occupational origin allergic contact dermatitis due to (meth)acrylate monomers have been published. During last decades, (meth)acrylate allergy has undergone an occupational shift from dentistry toward beauty industry and medical devices. The aim of the study was to conduct a literature review on acrylates as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis, current sources of exposure as well as identification of professional groups with an increased risk of this allergy and methods of effective prevention. Database review: Medline search (PubMed), Wiley Online Library and Web of Science base in years 1956-2019 using the following keywords: acrylates, manicurists, dentists, dental technicians, medical devices, occupational exposure, and allergic contact dermatitis. 204 346 articles containing the term 'acrylates' have been found. They include 2 042 articles with the word 'manicurists', 169 919 - 'dentists', 218 236 - 'dental technicians', 2 427 418 - 'medical devices'. Fifty-nine articles were chosen based on analysis of abstracts and full texts. In the past allergy to acrylates was mainly of occupational origin and dental technicians were the most often affected professional group. Since the long-lasting manicure has become popular, this problem concerns both manicurists and their customers. Moreover, the new significant trend is non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by medical devices especially dedicated to diabetes patients.

Avaliação da prevalência de dermatites de contato ocupacionais em profissionais de beleza atuantes em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

Objetivos ­ Avaliar a prevalência das dermatites de contato (DC) ocupacionais, destacando os principais tipos de cosméticos indutores, o conhecimento dos participantes sobre a doença, o seu diagnóstico e tratamento em uma amostra de 378 profissionais da beleza atuantes em Goiânia, Goiás. Métodos ­ Estudo transversal descritivo, prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados ­ Um total de 43,9% dos participantes deste estudo declararam apresentar DC após exposição a produtos cosméticos no trabalho. Cerca de 64,0% dos participantes desta pesquisa não demonstraram conhecimento satisfatório relacionado aos principais agentes causadores diretos das DC ocupacionais. As tinturas e descolorantes capilares, produtos para alisamentos capilares e produtos para maquilagem foram os cosméticos mais relacionados com o desenvolvimento das DC ocupacionais nestes profissionais. As regiões corporais dos profissionais mais afetadas pelas lesões das DC ocupacionais foram as mãos, o couro cabeludo e a face. A partir do diagnóstico da DC 25,8% dos profissionais tiveram que mudar de atividade laboral dentro do seu segmento de trabalho. Cerca de 28,8% dos profissionais apresentaram conhecimento insatisfatório sobre as principais medidas de prevenção das DC ocupacionais. Conclusão ­ A implementação ou aprimoramento de programas preventivos primários eficazes, pelos estabelecimentos e instituições formadoras destes profissionais é primordial para a redução da prevalência das dermatites ocupacionais. O conhecimento e a conscientização sobre fatores de risco individuais pela categoria é extremamente importante, especialmente nos aprendizes, que constituem um grupo-alvo para a execução de medidas de prevenção primária

Objectives ­ To evaluate the prevalence of occupational contact dermatites (CD), highlighting the main types of inductive cosmetics, the participants' knowledge about the disease, its diagnosis and treatment in a sample of 378 beauty professionals working in Goiania, Goias. Methods ­ Descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Results ­ A total of 43.9% of the participants in this study reported having CD after exposure to cosmetic products at work. About 64.0% of the participants of this research did not demonstrate satisfactory knowledge related to the main direct causative agents of occupational CD. Hairdye and bleaching agents for hair, hair straighteners and make-up products were the cosmetics most associated with occupational CD in these professionals. The body regions of the professionals most affected by occupational DC injuries were the hands, scalp and face. From the diagnosis of CD 25.8% of the professionals had to change their work activity within their work segment. About 28.8% of the professionals presented unsatisfactory knowledge about the main measures of prevention of occupational DC. Conclusion ­ The implementation or improvement of effective primary prevention programs by the institutions and training institutions of these professionals is necessary to reduce the prevalence of occupational dermatitis. Knowledge and awareness of individual risk factors by category is extremely important, especially for apprentices, who are a target group for the implementation of primary prevention measures

Screening survey of ocular, nasal, respiratory and skin symptoms in manicurists in Poland.

OBJECTIVES: Manicurists are exposed to various chemicals in nail and skin care products and may develop ocular, nasal, respiratory or skin adverse reactions to them. To investigate the occurrence of ocular, nasal, respiratory and skin problems among manicurists and to identify their causal factors, particularly allergic etiology and occupational origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Manicurists employed in beauty salons in the central region of Poland were invited to fill in the questionnaire and undergo medical examination, skin prick tests with common aeroallergens, patch tests with European Baseline Series and (Meth)Acrylates Series-Nails and spirometry. RESULTS: In the questionnaire adverse nasal symptoms were reported by 70%, ocular - by 58%, respiratory - by 42%, hand eczema - by 43% of manicurists. In the medical interview, the frequency of those complaints was lower: nasal ones - 41%, ocular - 24%, cough - 18%, hand skin dryness - 20%, hand eczema - 6%. Cough and hand skin dryness occurred significantly more frequently than in the case of controls. Contact allergy was found for 41% of manicurists and 35% of controls. The prevalence of nickel sensitization was high in both groups (38% and 27%, respectively). Only 3 manicurists reacted to (meth)acrylates. The frequency of atopic diseases was similar in compared groups. Irritant nasal and respiratory reactions were significantly more prevalent among manicurists (nasal - 18% vs. 2%, p < 0.01; respiratory - 18% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). Work-related nasal irritant reactions were finally diagnosed for 19%, ocular ones - for 13%, respiratory - for 18% and within hand skin - for 23% of manicurists. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of workattributed irritant mucosal and skin symptoms among manicurists is high. Exposure to acrylates is an important source of mucosal irritant reactions while occlusive gloves cause irritation of hand skin. The prevalence of nickel allergy among Polish females is high. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):887-896.

Ações de promoção e prevenção à saúde do trabalhador sob risco de exposição e transmissão de hepatites virais / Health Promotion and prevention for workers at risk of viral hepatitis exposure and transmission

Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar uma experiência vivenciada, a partir de uma ação de extensão universitária com trabalhadores da atenção primária e manicures sob o risco de exposição e transmissão de hepatites virais. Percebeu-se a necessidade de sensibilizá-los e conscientizá-los sobre os riscos ocupacionais aos quais estão expostos, pela não utilização dos equipamentos de proteção individual, bem como a falta de cuidados gerais e locais a serem tomados, após a exposição a material biológico, o que tem gerado riscos eminentes à saúde desses profissionais e de sua clientela. Para elaboração do projeto de intervenção: "Mãos de fada, saúde de ferro" foram considerados os perfis produtivos da população adscrita na área de abrangência de uma USF e a atividade foi desenvolvida tendo em vista os seguintes momentos: acolhimento dos trabalhadores e abertura do evento; mesa redonda sobre as hepatites virais B e C e as principais normas de biossegurança; ergonomia e ginástica laboral aplicada às profissões representadas; realização de testagem sorológica para doenças infecciosas; atualização vacinal, quando necessária; além da avaliação nutricional e odontológica. As ações de prevenção e promoção desenvolvidas alcançaram os diferentes grupos ocupacionais, expostos ao mesmo risco de adoecer enquanto na atividade laboral.

This work aims to report on an experience from a university extension action with primary care workers and manicurists at risk of viral hepatitis exposure and transmission. There is a clear need to raise their awareness and concern about the occupational hazards to which they are exposed from the failure to use personal protective equipment, and the lack of general and specific care to be taken after exposure to biological materials, which has been generating imminent health risks for these professionals and their clientele. To design the intervention project: "Fairy hands, iron health", the production profiles of the registered population in the coverage area of a Family Health Unit were considered, and the activity was developed based on the segments: reception of the workers and opening of the event; roundtable on viral hepatitis B and C, and the main standards of biosecurity; ergonomics and physical activities applied to the professions represented; conducting serological testing for infectious diseases; vaccination updates, when necessary, as well as nutritional and dental evaluation. The prevention and promotion activities developed here pertained to the different occupational groups exposed to the same risk of becoming ill while going about their work activities.

Adverse birth outcomes and maternal complications in licensed cosmetologists and manicurists in California.

PURPOSE: Due to concerns around occupational chemical exposures, this study sought to examine whether women working as cosmetologists (providing hair and nail care services) and manicurists (providing only nail care services) have an elevated risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: In this population-based retrospective study of cosmetologists and manicurists in California, we linked cosmetology licensee and birth registry files to identify births during 1996-2009. We compared outcomes among cosmetologists and manicurists to those of the general female population and to women from other industries. We also conducted restricted analyses for Vietnamese women, who comprise a significant proportion of the workforce. RESULTS: There was little evidence of increased risk for adverse birth outcomes, but we observed an association for small for gestational age (SGA) among Vietnamese manicurists (OR 1.39; 95 % CI 1.08-1.78) and cosmetologists (OR 1.40; 95 % CI 1.08-1.83) when compared to other working women. Some maternal complications were observed, notably an increased risk for gestational diabetes (OR 1.28; 95 % CI 1.10-1.50 for manicurists; OR 1.19; 95 % CI 1.07-1.33 for cosmetologists) compared with the general population, which further elevated when restricted to Vietnamese workers (OR 1.59; 95 % CI 1.20-2.11 for manicurists; OR 1.49; 95 % CI 1.04-2.11 for cosmetologists). Additionally, we observed an association for placentia previa among manicurists (OR 1.46; 95 % CI 1.08-1.97) and cosmetologists (OR 1.22; 95 % CI 1.02-1.46) compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Women in the nail and hair care industry may be potentially at increased risk for some maternal complications, although further research is warranted. Vietnamese workers may also have increased risk for SGA.