Internet-based identification of anxiety in university students using text and facial emotion analysis.

Background: Anxiety in university students can lead to poor academic performance and even dropout. The Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale (AMAS-C) is a validated measure designed to assess the level and nature of anxiety in college students. Objective: The aim of this study is to provide internet-based alternatives to the AMAS-C in the automated identification and prediction of anxiety in young university students. Two anxiety prediction methods, one based on facial emotion recognition and the other on text emotion recognition, are described and validated using the AMAS-C Test Anxiety, Lie and Total Anxiety scales as ground truth data. Methods: The first method analyses facial expressions, identifying the six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) and the neutral expression, while the students complete a technical skills test. The second method examines emotions in posts classified as positive, negative and neutral in the students' profile on the social network Facebook. Both approaches aim to predict the presence of anxiety. Results: Both methods achieved a high level of precision in predicting anxiety and proved to be effective in identifying anxiety disorders in relation to the AMAS-C validation tool. Text analysis-based prediction showed a slight advantage in terms of precision (86.84 %) in predicting anxiety compared to face analysis-based prediction (84.21 %). Conclusions: The applications developed can help educators, psychologists or relevant institutions to identify at an early stage those students who are likely to fail academically at university due to an anxiety disorder.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Spence Children's Anxiety Scale in Iranian Adolescents.

The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) is a tool for measuring anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents. In this study, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of SCAS were investigated in an Iranian adolescents. This study was conducted on a sample of 684 adolescents. For standardization of SCAS, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses wereperformed. Also, to evaluate convergent and divergent validity, Fornell and Larcker criteria (1994), along with the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS)and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), was used. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performedto determine the cut-off point. The model fit of the correlated six-factor model was good however, a second-order model provided a statistically superior fit to the data. The reliability coefficients for the total scale and its dimensions were satisfactory (α > 0.7). Therefore, it can be concluded that the Persian version of SCAS has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used as a useful tool for early screening of anxiety in Iranian adolescents due to its easy use and specific design for children and adolescents.

Pain and anxiety in office histeroscopy

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Anxiety is almost always present before medical interventions and may play a role in pain perception. We aim to evaluate factors associated with pain intensity reported by patients submitted to Office Hysteroscopy (OH). METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study, with data from April to November 2015. It included patients attended at the Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School (MEAC/UFC) with an indication of office hysteroscopy. Before the examination, the patients answered a validated questionnaire about anxiety (STAI). After the examination, women answered the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0, with Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test, and analyses of variance. RESULTS: 252 patients were included, with a mean age of 45.7 years, of whom 29% were postmenopausal (mean pain 5.5) and 71% were in menacme (mean pain 5.1) (p = 0.258). The anxiety trait and state showed a significant influence on the pain scale (p <0.001 and p=0.001), but age or endometrial sample did not. 27% of the patients were nulliparous. Less pain was associated with the number (p=0.01) and vaginal (p=0.005) of deliveries. The main indication for the procedure was abnormal uterine bleeding (54.4%). CONCLUSION: OH may be associated with moderate but tolerable discomfort. There was a significant correlation between higher scores on the pain scale and anxiety. There was evidence of reduced pain with parity and type of delivery, but not with reproductive age or endometrial biopsy.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A ansiedade está quase sempre presente antes de intervenções médicas e pode desempenhar um papel importante na percepção da dor. Buscou-se avaliar os fatores associados à intensidade da dor relatados pelos pacientes submetidos a histeroscopia ambulatorial (HA). MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal, com dados de abril a novembro de 2015. Foram incluídas pacientes atendidas na Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand (Meac/UFC) com indicação de HA. Antes do exame, as pacientes responderam a um questionário validado sobre ansiedade (IAM). Após o exame, as mulheres responderam à Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0, com correlação de Spearman, teste U de Mann-Whitney e Anova. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 252 pacientes, com idade média de 45,7 anos, das quais 29% estavam na pós-menopausa (dor média 5,5) e 71% eram menacme (dor média 5,1) (p = 0,258). O traço e o estado de ansiedade mostraram influência significativa na escala de dor (p<0,001 e p=0,001). Vinte e sete por cento das pacientes eram nulíparas. Menor dor foi associada ao número (p=0,01) e tipo vaginal (p=0,005) de partos. A principal indicação para o procedimento foi sangramento uterino anormal (54,4%); 66,1% necessitaram de amostra endometrial. CONCLUSÕES: A HA pode estar associada a um desconforto moderado, mas tolerável. Houve correlação significativa entre escores mais altos na escala de dor e ansiedade, menor paridade, mas não com idade reprodutiva ou procedimento de biópsia endometrial.

Evaluation of anxiety levels and their characteristics in dental care: Cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT: Anxiety is defined as an emotion produced by a set of feelings and physical changes. Many patients are afraid of some procedures involved in dental therapy. AIM: The objective of this study was to verify the anxiety of patients regarding the visits to dental clinics of a higher education institution, as well as to observe the moment of greatest anxiety. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It is a cross-sectional observational study including 94 patients from the dental clinics of an educational institution in a city of southern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, composed of four questions, was used to evaluate the dental anxiety levels of all patients. The sample universe included registered patients under treatment in the clinics of the studied institution, from August to November of 2016. We included only healthy patients over 18-year old who were subjected to surgical and nonsurgical procedures. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed through descriptive statistic to verify the frequency distribution of all variables. Pearson's Chi-square test, at 5% significance level and 95% confidence interval, was used to evaluate the association between the dependent variable (dental treatment anxiety) and the independent variables (demographics), aided by the SPSS software 20.0. Results: It was found that most of the participants were not anxious (69.1%) and the moment of greatest anxiety reported was before local anesthesia. In addition, statistics showed no correlation among gender, age group, and type of procedure performed. It was possible to conclude that the level of anxiety of the patients regarding the dental care performed in the clinics of the studied institution was low for both surgical and nonsurgical procedures. CONCLUSION: This survey revealed that the moment of greatest anxiety for the patients was before the anesthetic procedure, and gender, age, and type of procedure did not influence the level of anxiety felt by the patient.

Association between anxiety and aggression in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety proneness and aggressive behavior in adolescents. METHODS: A quantitative, large scale cross-sectional study was conducted in Korea. The survey questionnaire included general health behavior and scales for assessing anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale; RCMAS) and aggressive behavior (The Aggression Questionnaire; AQ) in adolescents. RESULTS: A total of 2432 students participated in the survey, and 1933 individuals completed the questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 79.5%. Based on RCMAS, 163 (8.4%) subjects were classified as the anxiety group. Aggressive behavior was significantly associated with higher anxiety scores. In particular, among four subdomains of aggression, anger and hostility had a stronger relationship with anxiety than did physical and verbal aggression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that anxiety was independently associated with gender, age, headache, constipation, asthma, and aggression score. Adolescents with total aggression scores of 69 or higher showed a 9-fold (AOR = 9.00, CI = 6.33-13.51) higher risk of anxiety compared to those with under 69. CONCLUSION: Aggression and anxiety are important aspects of mental health in adolescents. Our results demonstrated that higher risk of anxiety was associated with total aggression scores. In particular, indirect aggression (i.e. anger and hostility) was more closely associated with anxiety than direct aggression.

Evaluation of Children's and Adolescents's Anxiety Previously Dental Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate levels of anxiety in children and adolescents related to age and experience of visits to the dentist using the modified Venham Picture Test (VPTm). Material and Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Children and adolescents of both sexes, subdivided into age groups of 6-9 years (A1 and A2) and 10-13 years (B1 and B2), in the waiting room of a Dental Clinic, were grouped according to the experience of visits to the dentist (have been to the dentist / have never been to the dentist). Descriptive statistics were mean, standard deviation and frequency of cases. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) was used for normality analysis, with 95% significance level. Inferential statistics was performed using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests, with p<0.05. Results: In total, 60 children and 60 adolescents were evaluated, 65 (54.16%) males and 55 (45.83%) females. No differences were observed between genders in groups A1 and A2 (p = 0.30) and B1 and B2 (p = 0.94). The highest means of the VPTm scale were observed in groups A2 and B2 (2.87 ± 2.30 and 2.13 ± 1.29) and the lowest in groups A1 and B1 (1.13 ± 1.45 and 1.20 ± 1.29), respectively. Statistical differences were observed for the mean VPTm scores between age groups A1 and A2 (p = 0.004) and B1 and B2 (p = 0.018). Conclusion: The level of anxiety was inversely proportional to age, so younger children were more anxious; it was also observed that children and adolescents who had never been to the dentist tended to be more anxious.

Nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes antes de ingresar a la consulta odontológica / Dental Anxiety Before a Dentist Appointment / Nível de ansiedade em pacientes antes de ingressar à consulta odontológica

Resumen Introducción: la ansiedad dental o miedo al tratamiento odontológico es una de las dificultades más frecuentes para el profesional, y esto puede tener un impacto considerable en la salud oral. El objetivo es evaluar el nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes que acudieron a las consultas en la clínica odontológica de una empresa privada de servicios odontológicos, en 2015. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en el que se utilizó la Escala de Ansiedad Dental de Corah Modificada (MDAS), y se interrogó sobre la ansiedad que generan los componentes de la consulta odontológica. Resultados: participaron un total de 297 adultos de los cuales 54.85 % fueron varones y la mediana de edad fue 28 años. Se obtuvo un bajo número de pacientes con ansiedad extrema (7.74 %), siendo el porcentaje más elevado para la inyección de anestésico local (85.52 %). El 17.85 % obtuvo un nivel de ansiedad elevada y el 17.85 % severa. El componente de la consulta odontológica que generó mayor nivel de ansiedad fue la extracción dental con 40.40 %. Conclusión: el paciente debe sentirse lo más relajado posible al ir a una consulta odontológica por lo que se necesitan charlas a los proveedores de salud dental acerca de las diferentes técnicas para disminuir la ansiedad dental del paciente.

Abstract Introduction: Dental anxiety or consulting fear to dentist appointment and/or dental treatment, is one of the most frequent problems to the professional which can have an impact to the oral health. The objective is to assess the level of anxiety in patients that attend to appointments in a dental clinic from a private company of dental care in the year of 2015. Materials and methods: The study design is cross-sectional, Corah's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was utilized. And question were made about the components of dental services that generate dental anxiety. Results: The sample consisted of 297 adult patients, 54.85 % were males and middle age was 28. It was obtained a low number of patients with extreme anxiety (7.74 %) according to the questions; being the highest percentage for local anesthetic injection for dental treatment (85.52 %). A 17.85 % had a high level of anxiety and 17.85 % had a severe level of anxiety. The component that caused anxiety the most was tooth extraction with a 40.40 %. Conclusion: The patient must feel as relax as possible when going to a dentist appointment that is why would be needed to speak with care providers about different techniques to reduce dental anxiety on patients.

Resumo Introdução: a ansiedade dental ou medo ao tratamento odontológico, é uma das dificuldades mais frequentes para o profissional, que pode ter impacto na saúde oral. O objetivo é avaliar o nível de ansiedade dos pacientes que acudiram às consultas na clínica odontológica de uma empresa privada de serviços odontológicos, no ano 2015. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal no qual utilizou-se a Escala de Ansiedade Dental de Corah Modificada (MDAS), e se interrogou sobre a ansiedade que geram os componentes da consulta odontológica. Resultados: participaram um total de 297 adultos dos quais 54.85 % foram homens e a idade média foi 28 anos. Obteve-se um número baixo de pacientes com ansiedade extrema (7.74 %), senda a porcentagem mais elevado para a injeção de anestésico local (85.52 %). O 17.85 % obteve um nível de ansiedade elevada e o 17.85 % severa. O componente da consulta odontológica que gerou maior nível de ansiedade foi a extração dental com 40.40 %. Conclusão: o paciente deve se sentir o mais relaxado possível ao ir a uma consulta odontológica pelo que precisam-se conversas aos provedores de saúde dental acerca das diferentes técnicas para diminuir a ansiedade dental do paciente.

Relación entre Ansiedad Prequirúrgica e Intensidad del Dolor Postquirúrgico, Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo Azogues - Ecuador, 2016 / Descriptive Research: Relationship between Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Pain Intensity, Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo Azogues - Ecuador, 2016

INTRODUCCIÓN: La ansiedad es un mecanismo de defensa produciendo alteraciones somáticas y psíquicas, disminuyendo la capacidad de adaptación y reacción del organismo frente a un procedimiento médico. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la ansiedad prequirúrgica y la intensidad del dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio analítico descriptivo que incluye a 200 pacientes que fueron sometidos a cirugía en noviembre-diciembre, 2016 en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, los datos se consignaron con la escala de ansiedad (STAI) que valoró la ansiedad prequirúrgica y la escala de valoración numérica para el dolor postquirúrgico a las 24 horas, se asoció las variables mediante medidas de correlación. Los datos fueron registrados y analizados en el programa PSPP versión 0.10.4-g50f7b7. RESULTADOS: La correlación entre ansiedad y dolor fue positiva (Rho de Spearman.34; p<0.05) mostrando que existe una relación entre la ansiedad y el dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. (AU)

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a defense mechanism that produces somatic and psychic alterations, reducing the capacity of adaptation and the reaction of the organism to a medical doctor. The aim was to determine the relationship between preoperative anxiety and the intensity of postoperative pain in patients who underwent surgery at the Homero Castanier Crespo Azogues Hospital - Ecuador, 2016. METHODS: This is a descriptive analytical study that includes 200 patients who underwent surgery in November-December, 2016 at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, who met the inclusion criteria, data were recorded with the anxiety scale (STAI) Which assessed preoperative anxiety and the numerical rating scale for postoperative pain at 24 hours, the variables were associated by means of correlation measures. The data were recorded and analyzed in the program PSPP version 0.10.4-g50f7b7. RESULTS: The correlation between anxiety and pain was positive (Rho de Spearman 0.34, p: <0.05), showing that there is a relationship between anxiety and postoperative pain in patients at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital.(AU)

Influence of maternal anxiety on child anxiety during dental care: cross-sectional study / Influência da ansiedade materna na ansiedade infantil frente ao atendimento odontológico: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Anxiety is usually classified as a disorder of neurotic nature and is often related to contexts of stress, which may include worries, motor tension and autonomic hyperactivity. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of mothers’ anxiety on their children’s anxiety during dental care. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted at in a private dentistry school in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used. All mothers of children undergoing treatment were invited to participate in this study. Data to investigate anxiety related to dental treatment among the children were collected through applying the Venham Picture Test (VPT) scale. For the mothers, the Corah scale was applied. A self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire with questions about demographic, behavioral, oral health and dental service variables was also used. RESULTS: 40 mother-child pairs were included in the study. The results showed that 40% of the children were anxious and 60% of the mothers were slightly anxious. Local anesthesia was the procedure that caused most anxiety among the mothers, making them somewhat uncomfortable and anxious (60%). Family income higher than R$ 1,577.00 had an influence on maternal anxiety (75.6%). Maternal anxiety had an influence on child anxiety (81.3%). CONCLUSION: Most of the children showed the presence of anxiety, which ranged from fear of dental care to panic, inferring that maternal anxiety has an influence on children’s anxiety. Dental procedures did not interfere with the mothers’ anxiety, but caused positive feelings, whereas they affected the children more.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A ansiedade é geralmente classificada como um transtorno de caráter neurótico, frequentemente relacionado a contextos de estresse variando entre preocupações, tensão motora e hiperatividade autonômica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da ansiedade materna na ansiedade de seu filho durante o atendimento odontológico. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo analítico transversal realizado em uma faculdade particular do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Amostragem por conveniência foi utilizada. Todas as mães das crianças em tratamento foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa. A coleta dos dados para verificar a ansiedade relacionada com o tratamento odontológico nas crianças foi realizada a partir da aplicação da escala “Venham Picture Test” (VPT). Para as mães, foi utilizada a escala de Corah. Também se utilizou um questionário sociodemográfico autoaplicativo sobre variáveis demográficas, comportamentais, de saúde bucal e de serviço odontológico. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 40 pares de mães e crianças. Os resultados mostraram que 40% das crianças estavam ansiosas e 60% das mães estavam levemente ansiosas. A anestesia local foi o procedimento que causou mais ansiedade entre as mães, deixando-as um pouco desconfortáveis e ansiosas (60%). Renda familiar maior de R$ 1.577,00 influenciou a ansiedade materna (75.6%). A ansiedade materna influenciou a ansiedade das crianças (81.3%). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das crianças apresentou ansiedade, o que variou do medo ao pânico ao atendimento odontológico, inferindo que a ansiedade materna tem influência na ansiedade dos seus filhos. Os procedimentos odontológicos não interferem na ansiedade das mães, atingindo mais as crianças, porém provocam sentimentos positivos.

Auriculoterapia nos transtornos da ansiedade em acadêmicos do Centro Universitário Luterano de Ji-Paraná: relato de casos / Auriculotherapy in anxiety disorders in the Academic Lutheran University Center of Ji-Parana: case reports

Introdução. A ansiedade é um estado emocional, que em condições normais todas as pessoas podem manifestar. Porém, quando esses distúrbios são frequentes, tornam-se um transtorno, com o indivíduo manifestando sintomas da ansiedade por um tempo prolongado. Dentre as técnicas terapêuticas que constituem as terapias integrativas e complementares, a auriculoterapia pode ser considerada a mais empregada, sendo indicada e reconhecida internacionalmente para o tratamento de diversos sinais e sintomas patológicos. Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade da auriculoterapia nos transtornos de ansiedade. Material e métodos: desenvolveu-se um estudo experimental, do tipo relato de caso, por meio da aplicação da técnica da aurículocibernética que se baseia na cartografia francesa. Os pacientes constituíram-se em discentes (n=4) do Centro Universitário Luterano de Ji-Paraná, Rondônia (Brasil), e foram acompanhados pelo período de quatro meses. Como critério de inclusão, além da autodeclaração da ansiedade, avaliou-se o nível desse estado pelo inventario de Hamilton. Os dados foram interpretados por estatística descritiva percentual simples e as médias avaliadas em pares pelo teste T-student. Resultados: comparado os períodos anterior ao tratamento e o após, registrou-se a existência de uma diferença significativa (p<0,05) refletida na melhora da ansiedade como queixa principal, como também, na redução das queixas secundárias. Considerações finais: a auriculoterapia foi uma intervenção eficaz na redução dos sintomas da ansiedade, evidenciando a discussão de sua acessibilidade devido a sua representatividade como instrumento terapêutico integrativo de baixo custo.(AU)

Introduction: Anxiety is an emotional state that under normal conditions that an people may experience. However, when these disorders are common, becoming a disturbance, the individual manifesting symptoms of anxiety for a long time. Among the therapeutic techmiques that are the complementary and integrative therapies, auriculotherapy can be considered the most used, is indicated and intentionally recognized for the treatment of varius pathological signs and symptoms. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of auriculotherapy in anxiety disorders. Material and Methods: It was developed an experimental study, presented as a case report, through the auriculocybernetics technique that´s based of the French mapping. Patients were constituted in students (n = 4) of the Lutheran University Center of Ji-Parana, in Rondonia state (Brazil). They were followed by for four months. As inclusin criteria, as well as anxiety self-declaration, we acessed the level of this state by the Hamilton inventory. The data were interpreted by simple percentage descriptive statistics and averages evaluated in pairs by the T-test student. Results: When compared to previous periods to treatment and after, was recorded that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) reflected the anxiety improves as the main complaint, but also in reducing secondary complaints. Final thoughts: auriculotherapy was an effective intervention in recucing the symptoms of anxiety, suggesting the discussion of accessibility due to its representation as integrative therapeutic tool low coast.(AU)

Studies on the status and influence factors in the 195 cases of patients with dental anxiety / 重庆医学

Objective The aim of the study was to find out the status and influencing factors of dental anxiety and reduce it . Methods One hundred and ninety‐five patients in Chaoyang Central Hospital were selected via stomatology convenience sampling . Basic information ,modified dental anxiety scale(MDAS) ,State Anxiety Inventory(S‐AI) ,and two homemade scales were used to in‐vestigated .Results No difference in general baseline data was found in two groups of anxiety and non‐anxious ,except the propor‐tion of women in the group of dental anxiety was higher than non‐anxious group(60% vs .40% ,P=0 .008) .Logistic regression a‐nalysis showed that fear of bad medical technology(OR=2 .247);spray to mouth(OR=2 .151);affect normal chewing function(OR=2 .589);listen to the negative experiences(OR=2 .825);lack of knowledge of oral understanding(OR=2 .539);fear of pain(OR=2 .074) were independent risk factors for dental anxiety .Binary Logistic regression analysis also found that understand the oral health knowledge(OR=0 .374);listening to the music(OR=0 .279);anesthetics(OR=0 .305);encouragement and praise language (OR=0 .460) independent protective factors to relieve dental anxiety .Conclusion Worry about medical technology ,mouth spray , affecting normal function ,listen to the negative experiences ,lack of oral knowledge and fear of pain were common cause of dental anxiety .Study of oral knowledge ,music ,anesthetics ,medical encourage staff to use the language of praise were effective ways to re‐lieve dental anxiety .

[A cross-sectional study of trait-anxiety in a group of 111 intellectually gifted children]. / Étude transversale de l'anxiété trait dans un groupe de 111 enfants intellectuellement surdoués.

INTRODUCTION: Intellectually gifted children are often thought to display a high risk for psychopathology. However, this assertion has received only few direct arguments to date, and there is in fact a lack of knowledge on this subject. The aim of this study was to compare trait-anxiety - which is considered as a sensitive and early indicator of psychoaffective difficulties in children - in intellectually gifted children to the norm. METHODS: One hundred and eleven children aged 8 to 12 and with an intellectual quotient (IQ) higher than 129 participated in the study. They were recruited in a hospital department of child and adolescent psychiatry and through psychologists' private practice, where they attended consultation because of academic underachievement and/or social maladjustment. All the children were examined by trained psychiatrists and psychologists: none had a present or past medical or psychiatric condition and, additionally, none had an elevated score on the French version of the Children's Depressive Rating Scale Revised (Moor & Mack, 1982). Parents filled in a questionnaire for the collection of socio-demographic data and children answered the French version of the Revised-Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (R-CMAS; Reynolds, 1999), a 37-items self-assessment of trait-anxiety, the psychometric properties of which have been validated in children with high IQ. DATA ANALYSIS: Mean scores and subscores on the R-CMAS in the whole studied group and as a function of gender and age were compared to French normative data (Reynolds, 1999) by calculation of 95% confidence intervals; subgroups were compared using Student's t-tests. Proportions of children who's score and subscores exceeded anxiety cut-off norms were compared to normative data using chi-square tests. Statistical significance was considered at the P<0.05 level. RESULTS: The studied group comprised mainly boys, and members of a sibling. Parents mainly lived as man and wife, had high academic levels, and had a professional activity. The confidence intervals of the R-CMAS scores and subscores all comprised their normative value, which denotes that no difference was statistically significant. Comparisons for age and gender showed no significant difference. Proportions of results exceeding the cut-off scores and subscores did not significantly differ from the norms. DISCUSSION: General and dimensional trait-anxiety levels in the studied group were comparable to normative data. These results are in accordance with previous studies of trait-anxiety in children and adolescents with high IQ, which all showed normal or decreased levels. These findings do not corroborate the hypothesis that intellectual giftedness constitutes a risk factor for psychopathology. LIMITS: The studied group was a clinical one, which could limit the generalisation of the results. However, mental disorders were ruled out, and the psychometric and socio-demographic characteristics of the group were in keeping with those described for the general population of gifted children. Moreover, considering that participant children displayed academic underachievement and/or social maladjustment, it can be supposed that their anxiety levels were not lower than those in the general population of gifted children. Secondly, the potentially confusing effect of socio-demographic variables (underrepresentation of low socio-economic levels and single-parent families) could not be statistically taken into account, due to the absence of a specific control group. CONCLUSION: Intellectually gifted children seem not to display increased trait-anxiety. However, further studies are necessary to investigate psychological functioning in gifted children and their risk for psychopathology.

Avaliação da ansiedade dos pais e crianças frente ao tratamento odontológico / Evaluation of children?s and parents? dental anxiety

Objetivo: avaliar a ansiedade infantil prévia ao tratamento odontológico por meio do teste Venham Picture Test Modificado (VPTM) e de seus responsáveis (escala de Corah) e compará-los entre si. O comportamento infantil apresentado em Clínica Odontológica (escala de Frankl) foi avaliado, assim como verificado o comportamento quando empregada ou não a anestesia local utilizando a escala de Frankl.Métodos: foram avaliadas 50 crianças de ambos os gêneros, pertencentes a dois grupos de diferentes faixas etárias (grupo 1:4 a 6 anos e grupo 2: 7 a 9 anos) e seus respectivos responsáveis que compareceram à Clínica de Odontopediatria da Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB) no primeiro e segundo semestres de 2010.Resultados: houve predominância de crianças livres de ansiedade (47,83% do grupo 1 e 55,56 % do grupo 2). A escala de Frankl mostrou que a maioria das crianças se comportaram de forma definitivamente positivas (73,91% do grupo 1 e 66,67% do grupo 2). As crianças se comportaram de maneira mais positiva quando a anestesia não foi empregada (73,91% do grupo 1 e 85,19% do grupo 2). Observou-se que 43,48% dos pais das crianças do grupo 1 e 66,67% dos pais do grupo 2 apresentavam ?baixa? ansiedade. Não houve uma relação entre a ansiedade dos pais e a ansiedade dos filhos.Conclusão: a maioria das crianças apresentaram-se livre de ansiedade nos dois diferentes grupos etários.O comportamento das crianças durante o atendimento odontológico, segundo a escala de Frankl, foi a sua maioria definitivamente positivo. Pôde-se observar que as crianças apresentaram comportamento mais positivo quando a anestesia não foi empregada. A ansiedade dos responsáveis apresentou-se ?baixa? em sua maioria. Não houve correlação entre a ansiedade dos pais e ansiedade das crianças.

Objective: To evaluate comparatively children?s anxiety before dental treatment using the Modified Venham?s Picture Test (MVPT) and of their parents/caregivers? anxiety using the Corah scale. The children?s behavior in a dental clinic (Frankl scale) was evaluated, as well as how they behaved with and without application of local anesthesia, employing the Frankl scale. Method: Fifty children of both genders belonging to two age groups (Group 1: 4 to 6 years old and Group 2: 7 to 9 years old) and their parents/caregivers were evaluated at the Pediatric Dental Clinic of the Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Brazil, in the first and second semesters of 2010. Results: The anxiety-free children prevailed (47.83% in Group 1 and 55.56% in Group 2). The Frankl scale showed that most of the children behaved in an openly positive way (73.91% in Group 1 and 66.67% in Group 2). Children?s behavior was more positive when no local anesthesia was used (73.91% in Group 1 and 85.19% in Group 2). It was also observed that 43.4% of the parents/caregivers of children in Group 1 and 66.67% of those in Group 2 presented ?low? anxiety. No relation was found between the parents? and the children?s anxiety. Conclusion: Most children did not present dental anxiety in both age groups. Children?s behavior during the dental treatment was mostly openly positive, according to the Frankl scale. It could be noticed that the children had a more positive behavior when anesthesia was not performed. It was also observed that the majority parents/caregivers presented ?low? anxiety. No correlation was found between the parents/caregivers? and the children?s dental anxiety.

The impact of nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy on anxiety and depression of patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To explore the impact of nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy on anxiety and depression of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and analyze the related factors.Methods Before nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy,1 year and 2 years after antiviral therapy,120 CHB patients were investigated with self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS).The demography data of patients were collected.Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and other biochemical indicators were measured regularly.Results Before nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy,1 year and 2 years after antiviral therapy,both the mean scores of SAS and SDS became lower gradually (F=12.661 and 22.395,respectively;both P＜0.01).The percentage of patients with SAS and SDS scores more than 50 were 5.8％,4.2％,1.7％ and 13.3％,7.5％,5.0％,respectively.After 2 years of therapy,the anxiety improvement rate of the patients obtained HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL was 69.0％,while those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL was 22.2％ (x2 =22.325,P＜0.01).Meanwhile,after 2 years of therapy,the depression improvement rate of the patients obtained HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL was 77.4％,while those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL was 22.2％ (x2 =32.179,P＜0.01).Multiple factors Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios (OR) of improvement of anxiety and depression in patients with HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL were 7.751 (95％ CI:3.026-19.853) and 15.069(95％ CI:5.309-42.770),respectively,compared with those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL; and OR of improvement of depression in patients with ALT≤40 U/L waa 4.103 (95％ CI: 1.376 - 12.238).Conclusions Nucleos(t) ide analogue antiviral therapy could improve the anxiety and depression of CHB patients.The HBV DNA negativity is the independent impact factor of improvement of anxiety and depression in CHB the patients.

O impacto da visita pre-operatoria de enfermagem no nivel de ansiedade de pacientes cirurgicos / The impact of visit preoperative of nursing in the level of anxiety of surgical patients / El impacto de lavisita preoperatoria de enfermeria en el nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes quirurgicos

Esta pesquisa trata da ansiedade de pacientes em pré-operatório imediato. O objetivo foi identificar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos à visita pré-operatória de enfermagem. Esta é uma abordagem qualitativa, comparativa e prospectiva.Utilizou-se o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) de Spielberg, Gorsuch e Lushene (1970) para avaliar o escore de ansiedade. O local de coleta de dados foi o centro cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Foram analisadas as respostas de 30 pacientes, dentre os quais a 15 foi realizada a visita pré-operatória de enfermagem a aos outros 15, não. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a técnica de análise estatística descritiva simples e os resultados organizados em forma de gráficos e tabelas. Os resultados mostraram que, no grupo de pacientes visitados por enfermeiros, o número de pessoas com escores baixos para ansiedade aumentou quando comparado ao grupo que não teve a visita pré-operatória de enfermagem.

This research deals with the anxiety levels in preoperative patients. It aims to identify the profile of patients undergoing a nursing preoperative visit. Its approach was qualitative, comparative and prospective. Spielberg,Gorsuch and Lushene’s State – Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied to evaluate the anxiety score. The data collection occurred in the Surgical Center of the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto. Responses of 30 patients were examined.Only 15 had the pre-operative nursing visit. The data were analyzed using the technique of basic descriptive statistical analysis and the results were organized in the form of graphics and charts. The results showed that on the group of patients who were visited by nurses, the number of people with a low anxiety scores increased when compared to the group that didn’t had the preoperative nursing visit.

Este estudio enfoca la ansiedad de los pacientes antes de la operación. Su objeto es identificar el perfil de los pacientes ante la consulta preoperatoria enfermería. Tiene enfoque cualitativo, comparativo y prospectivo. Para evaluar el resultado de la ansiedad se empleó el Inventario de Ansiedad Trazo-Estado(IDATE), de Spielberg, Gorsuch y Lushene (1970). La recogida de datos se realizó en el Centro Quirúrgico del Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto. Se analizaron las respuestas de 30 pacientes de los cuales sólo15 recibieron la visita preoperatoria de las enfermeras. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la técnica de la estadística descriptiva básica y los resultados se organizaron en forma de gráficos y tablas. Los resultados mostraron que en pacientes que recibieron la visita de las enfermeras el número de personas con bajo nivel de ansiedad creció en comparación al grupo que no recibido la visita preoperatoria de enfermería.

Preliminary study on the possible correlation between anxiety and proteomic fingerprint / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective A preliminary study on a new discovered proteomic fingerprint correlated with anxiety disorders, which M/Z range from 15000 to 16800. Methods 221 cases of neoplasm patients from April of 2004 to now were divided into anxious group and non-anxious group according to their scores using self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and all the patients' sera were detected utilizing SELDI-TOF-MS. The data were analyzed with supported softwares. Results Compared the mass spectra of anxious group(n=49) and non-anxious group (n=172), 2 clusters were captured which M/Z range from 15 000 to 15 380 and 15 700 to 16 800 respectively. The coincidence with SAS was 75.51%. The M/Z range from 15 700 to 16 800 was the most frequent, then the second range from 15 000 to 15 380 and 15 700 to 16 800 which was doublet cluster, the least range from 15 000 to 15 380. The same fingerprints were captured in non-anxious group and their intensity was different. Conclusion The M/Z range from 15 000 to 16 800 was protein fingerprint correlated with anxiety disorders.