Spatiotemporal variability in human thermal comfort perception in open-air spaces: application to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to propose bioclimatic zoning to classify human thermal comfort and discomfort in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; both historical and future scenarios are considered. Thus, historical series (1961 to 2017) of the effective temperature index as a function of the wind (ETW) were obtained as a function of the monthly average values of the minimum, mean, and maximum dry-bulb air temperatures (tdb,min, tdb,mean, and tdb,max, respectively), in addition to the mean relative humidity ([Formula: see text], %) and mean wind speed ([Formula: see text], m s -1). The data were obtained from 34 weather stations and subjected to trend analysis by using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test, thus enabling the simulation of future scenarios (for 2028 and 2038). Then, to define the thermal ranges of the bioclimatic zoning, maps of ETWmin, ETWmean, and ETWmax were created from geostatistical analysis. Overall, the results show warming trends for the upcoming years in Minas Gerais municipalities. All climatic seasons showed an increase in the frequency of new classifications in the upper adjacent classes, which indicates climate warming. Therefore, when considering future scenarios for the autumn and winter seasons, attention should be given to changes in predicted thermal sensation, especially in the Central Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Metropolitan, South/Southwest Minas, Campo das Vertentes, and Zona da Mata.

Air pollution trends and exceedances: ozone and particulate matter outlook in Brazilian highly urbanized zones.

In Brazil, scarce air quality data hinders air pollutant chemical understanding and policy decisions regarding public health and environmental impacts. From this perspective, our study assessed the O3, PM2.5, and PM10 yearly and seasonal trends and also the WHO Air Quality Guidelines 2021 exceedance trends at 40 air quality stations located in four highly urbanized zones in Brazil (Belo Horizonte, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Espírito Santo) from early 1990s up to 2019. We applied the Mann-Kendall test aligned with Sen's Slope estimator to assess the trends and the Cox-Stuart test to verify the WHO AQG 2021 exceedances trends. Our findings pointed out that the current national legislation is outdated when compared to WHO AQG 2021 values, leading to multiple exceedances episodes. We also found out that 62% of São Paulo's stations presented O3 increasing trends, while in Rio de Janeiro 85.7% presented decreasing trends. The Cox-Stuart test pointed out that PM2.5 exceedance trends showcase positive values, and most of the significative values are located in São Paulo stations. Therefore, we endorse that the national legislation needs to be updated meanwhile the air monitoring network needs to expand its coverage.

Spatial transformation of changes in global cultivated land.

The spatial transformation of cultivated land is an important element in the study of land use transformation. Analyzing the characteristics and direction of the global spatial transformation of cultivated land is of great significance in clarifying the spatial extent and quality of global cultivated land and ensuring global food security. In this context, this paper uses the global spatial data of cultivated land from 1992 to 2015 to analyze the characteristics of global cultivated land spatial transformation from the perspectives of cultivated land quantity, cultivated land landscape pattern, and cultivated land management pattern, applying the Mann-Kendall trend tests, trend analysis, landscape pattern index measures, and global rural per capita cultivated indicators. The global cultivated land area increased, followed by a decrease, during the study period; there were three distinct phases of change, with the years 1995 and 2005 as turning points. During the first phase, the global cultivated land area increased at an average annual rate of 0.19 %, in the second phase, the increase rate was 0.30 %, and in the third phase, the increase rate was -0.003 %. Based on the trend of cultivated land change during the study period, the areas with a dramatic change in cultivated land area were classified into six typical hotspot areas, involving the increase and decrease of area change in 10 different countries. The two countries with the largest increases in cultivated land area are Sweden and Brazil (24.82 % and 24.43 %, respectively), whereas Ukraine's cultivated land area decreased throughout the study period.

Spatiotemporal evolution of dengue outbreaks in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Dengue is a mosquito-borne febrile disease infecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of high-risk areas will allow public health services to concentrate their efforts in areas where outbreaks are most likely to occur. The present study focuses on describing the spatiotemporal evolution of dengue outbreaks in Brazil from 2000 to 2018. METHOD: To assess the pattern behaviour and spatiotemporal trend of dengue outbreaks, the non-parametric kernel estimator method and the Mann-Kendall test, respectively, were used. Bivariate global Moran's I statistic was used to test the spatial correlation between dengue outbreaks, temperature, precipitation and population data. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the transmission cycles of dengue outbreaks vary in different spatiotemporal scenarios, with intermittent periods of outbreaks. In the period of study, outbreak clusters were primarily concentrated in the Northeast region and the transmission of dengue extended throughout Brazil until 2018. The probability of occurrence of dengue outbreaks was higher in high temperatures. Further, these space-time fluctuations in the number of outbreaks in the different regions were probably related to the high mobility between the populations of these regions, circulating serotypes and susceptible populations. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of dengue outbreaks is not random; it can be modified by socioeconomic and climatic moving boundaries.

Sugarcane production and climate trends in Paraíba state (Brazil).

Statistical surveys to detect trends in time series are fundamental tools to evaluate farming dynamics of sugarcane and of adaptation plans for possible impacts caused by climate change. This work analyzed the influence of climate change in the cultivation of sugarcane in the state of Paraíba (Northeast Brazil), in order to investigate what are the consequences of temperature increase, air humidity level, and changes in the precipitation regime forecasted for the region in sugarcane farming. Data of temperature, total precipitation, and relative humidity of six meteorological stations kept by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) spread across the state of Paraíba and data from the area of sugarcane harvesting from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Mann-Kendall trend test was employed in order to analyze the existence of trends in each station, separately. The results pointed trends of significant increase in temperature for the stations of Campina Grande, João Pessoa, Monteiro, Patos, and Sousa. The stations of Areia, Campina Grande, and João Pessoa obtained significant precipitation trends. Regarding relative humidity, the stations of João Pessoa, Monteiro, and Patos presented significant decreasing trends, while Sousa showed significant increase trends. The results suggest that these trends may be increasing sugarcane production close to the coast of the region and decreasing production inland.

Comparison between observed and estimated data to assess air temperature variability and trends in the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion (Brazil).

Given the importance of climate for society at different scales, such as local, regional, and global scales, the analysis of trends of climatic elements improves the assessment of projections and variations, aiding in the design of policies focused on processes of adaptation to and mitigation of the effects of climate change. The aim of this study was to detect mean air temperature trends in the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion in Brazil by constructing temperature series with observed data provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) collected in the localities of Patos and São Gonçalo and with data estimated using Estima_T software to study the spatial and temporal distribution of the mean air temperature of seven localities in the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion: Água Branca, Aguiar, Coremas, Patos, Princesa Isabel, São Gonçalo, and Teixeira. The temperature series with observed and estimated data were compared, showing the variability of using temperature estimates to overcome the lack of meteorological stations in the study area. Descriptive analysis shows low data dispersion in relation to the annual mean values and, therefore, low variability. The monthly mean temperature pattern was similar in all localities and December was always the warmest month, whereas July was the coldest, both in the estimated and observed data series. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test indicated that estimated series show trends of significant increases in mean air temperature, in annual, biannual, quarterly, and monthly periods, in all localities. Sen's slope results indicate significant increases in temperature from 0.008 to 0.011 °C/year.

Risk mapping of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazil experiences a large number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. Our objective was to examine both spatial patterns of dispersion and space-time trends for this disease. METHODS: We used all autochthonous confirmed cases of VL in Brazil from 2001 to 2017. RESULTS: Throughout Brazil, 53,715 human cases of VL were recorded. The Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions of Brazil were the most affected areas and presented a higher risk of transmission. Regarding spatiotemporal variation, significant differences were observed each year, with a peak in 2005. CONCLUSIONS: The dynamics of VL showed a clear non-random pattern of spread in Brazil.

Integrated spatiotemporal trends using TRMM 3B42 data for the Upper São Francisco River basin, Brazil.

Trend analysis is an important issue for the decision-making processes. Thus, trends of rainfall, consecutive dry days (CDD), and consecutive wet days (CWD) in the Upper São Francisco River basin, Brazil, using daily rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) for recent 18 years, were analyzed. Instead of analyzing the trend of one average time series for one specific confidence level, a spatiotemporal analysis over the entire area with 169 continuous time series is done by applying the nonparametric Mann-Kendall and Sen tests for simultaneously 13 confidence levels and a new integrated confidence classification is proposed. The results show that the rainfall has increased during the less rainy periods (from June to October) and has decreased in the rainy periods (from November to May), with the highest and lowest confidence levels, respectively. An analysis of CDD and CWD shows that the number of CDD has decreased, while the number of CWD has increased, which revealed that the dry periods are more frequently interrupted for the period studied.

Evaluation of violations in water quality standards in the monitoring network of São Francisco River basin, the third largest in Brazil.

The São Francisco River is the largest river located entirely within Brazil, and water scarcity problems have been a major concern of Brazilian society and government. Water quality issues are also a concern and have worsened with the recent intensification of urbanization and industrialization. In this study, violations to water quality standards established by local legislation were calculated as a percentage for 26 selected parameters over a monitoring period of 14 years. The violation percentages were analyzed spatially using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple comparison analysis. Temporal analysis was performed using the Mann-Kendall test and Spearman correlation. Some parameters could be identified as cause for concern due to high violation levels, such as the fecal coliform indicator (FCI) and phosphorus-both related to domestic and effluent disposal without treatment or with insufficient treatment-and color, turbidity, manganese, and total suspended solids-which can be affected by erosive processes of natural and anthropogenic causes. The study found that these violations are concentrated in the most urbanized and industrialized areas of the basin. Some metallic parameters, such as iron and arsenic violations, may be related to mining activities in the rich soil of the Iron Quadrangle area located within the Minas Gerais State. Trend analysis results indicated that most monitoring stations did not have significant modification (elevation or reduction) trends over time, which, together with the high violation percentages, might indicate the maintenance of a scenario of constant pressure upon water resources, in particular in those more urbanized areas.

Tendências temporais e espaciais da qualidade das águas superficiais da sub-bacia do Rio das Velhas, estado de Minas Gerais / Temporal and spatial trends of surface water quality of Velhas River sub-basin, Minas Gerais state

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma análise da tendência temporal e espacial da qualidade das águas superficiais da sub-bacia do Rio das Velhas, inserida na bacia do Rio São Francisco, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram analisados 16.625 dados coletados no período de 2002 a 2011 pelo programa de monitoramento de qualidade das águas superficiais efetuado pelo Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas (Igam). Testes estatísticos, multivariados e não paramétricos foram utilizados para avaliar 11 variáveis físicas, químicas e microbiológicas de 29 estações de monitoramento. Os resultados das análises de tendência Mann-Kendall/Sazonal de Mann-Kendall sugeriram que a maioria dos cursos d'água da região apresentam valores estáveis das variáveis ao longo do período estudado, com maiores alterações associadas a coliformes termotolerantes, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrato e índice de qualidade das águas (IQA), principalmente nas proximidades dos grandes centros urbanos. A análise de Cluster definiu três grandes grupos de estações de monitoramento, agrupadas segundo a qualidade de suas águas, correspondentes aos níveis de alta poluição, poluição moderada e baixa poluição. No entanto, ao longo de toda a sub-bacia, foi observada a degradação da qualidade da água durante o período estudado, principalmente relacionada ao lançamento de esgotos domésticos. Uma importante constatação foi a alteração da qualidade da água no baixo Rio das Velhas, apontada pela tendência de redução do IQA em estações localizadas nessa região, o que merece atenção dos órgãos governamentais para ações de manejo.

ABSTRACT This article presents a temporal and spatial trend analysis of the surface waters quality of Velhas River, inserted in the São Francisco basin, in Minas Gerais. It was analyzed 16,625 data collected between 2002 and 2011 by the water quality monitoring program carried out by the Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas (Institute of Water Management of Minas Gerais - IGAM). Statistical tests, multivariate and non-parametric tests were used to assess 11 physical, chemical and microbiological variables of 29 monitoring stations. The results of Mann-Kendall/Sazonal Mann-Kendall trend tests indicated that most of the watercourses in the region showed stable values of the parameters over the study period, with changes associated with thermotolerant coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate and water quality index (IQA) mainly near large urban centers. The Cluster analysis identified three major groups of monitoring stations, grouped according to the quality of its waters, corresponding to high levels of pollution, moderate pollution and low pollution. However, throughout all the sub-basin, it was observed the degradation of the water quality, mainly related to the release of wastewater. An important finding was the worsening of water quality in the low stretch of Velhas River, appointed by the downward trend in the IQA at stations located in this region, which deserves attention of government agencies for management actions.

Trends in Mean Annual Streamflows in Serra da Mantiqueira Environmental Protection Area

The aim of this study was to detect trends in the mean annual streamflow in watersheds of Serra da Mantiqueira Environmental Protection Area, an important Brazilian conservation area located between Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro States. Historical series of four selected streamgage stations were analyzed for the periods of 1980-1998 and 1980-2009, using the Mann-Kendall and Regional Mann-Kendall tests. The results showed that the mean annual streamflows of Serra da Mantiqueira Environmental Protection Area watersheds did not change during the complete period of 1980-2009. The tests detected statistically significant trends of reduction of mean annual streamflow during the 1980-1998 period. The confrontation of this result with the inexistence of rainfall trends during the same period suggested that the streamflow changes detected were consequences of changes in the watersheds physical characteristics, and/or increases in water abstraction for multiple uses.

Tendências das séries históricas do índice de calor no município de Santa Maria - RS / Trends of historical series of the heat index in Santa Maria - RS, Brazil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo calcular e analisar as séries históricas mensais do Índice de Calor (IC) para Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, no período de 1968 a 2011. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas neste trabalho foram pressão atmosférica, temperatura do bulbo seco e temperatura do bulbo úmido, no horário das 9h (12UTC), 15h (18UTC) e 21h (00UTC). Foi realizada análise de tendência das séries históricas para o valor absoluto e a média mensais do IC através do teste de Mann-Kendall e análise de regressão linear simples para quantificar a tendência, com nível de significância de 95% (=0,05). Para o valor máximo, no horário das 15h (18UTC), as séries históricas para os meses de janeiro e abril apresentaram acréscimo no valor do índice de calor na magnitude de 0,76°C década-1 e 0,92°C década-1, respectivamente. No horário das 21h (00 UTC), os meses de abril e novembro apresentaram aumento de 0,43°C década-1 e 0,55°C década-1, respectivamente. Porém os meses de maio e agosto apresentaram diminuição de 0,69°C década-1 e 0,31°C década-1, respectivamente.(AU)

The objective of this study was to calculate and analyze the monthly time series of the Heat Index (HI) for Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, during the period from 1968 to 2011. The meteorological variables used in this study were atmospheric pressure, dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature at 9am (12UTC), 3pm (18UTC) and 9pm (00UTC). Analysis was performed using the highest absolute and the annual average value of the HI. Trends were tested with the Mann-Kendal test and the magnitude of the trend with the linear regression analysis at 95% (=0.05). At 3pm (18UTC), the historical series of monthly maximum Heat Index in January and April had an increase of 0.76°C decade-1and 0.92°C decade-1, respectively. At 9pm (00UTC), April and November presented an increase of 0.43°C decade-1 e 0.55°C decade-1, respectively. However, May and August showed a decrease of 0.69°C decade-1 and 0.31°C decade-1, respectively.(AU)

Tendências das séries históricas do índice de calor no município de Santa Maria - RS / Trends of historical series of the heat index in Santa Maria - RS, Brazil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo calcular e analisar as séries históricas mensais do Índice de Calor (IC) para Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, no período de 1968 a 2011. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas neste trabalho foram pressão atmosférica, temperatura do bulbo seco e temperatura do bulbo úmido, no horário das 9h (12UTC), 15h (18UTC) e 21h (00UTC). Foi realizada análise de tendência das séries históricas para o valor absoluto e a média mensais do IC através do teste de Mann-Kendall e análise de regressão linear simples para quantificar a tendência, com nível de significância de 95% (α=0,05). Para o valor máximo, no horário das 15h (18UTC), as séries históricas para os meses de janeiro e abril apresentaram acréscimo no valor do índice de calor na magnitude de 0,76°C década-1 e 0,92°C década-1, respectivamente. No horário das 21h (00 UTC), os meses de abril e novembro apresentaram aumento de 0,43°C década-1 e 0,55°C década-1, respectivamente. Porém os meses de maio e agosto apresentaram diminuição de 0,69°C década-1 e 0,31°C década-1, respectivamente.

The objective of this study was to calculate and analyze the monthly time series of the Heat Index (HI) for Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, during the period from 1968 to 2011. The meteorological variables used in this study were atmospheric pressure, dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature at 9am (12UTC), 3pm (18UTC) and 9pm (00UTC). Analysis was performed using the highest absolute and the annual average value of the HI. Trends were tested with the Mann-Kendal test and the magnitude of the trend with the linear regression analysis at 95% (α=0.05). At 3pm (18UTC), the historical series of monthly maximum Heat Index in January and April had an increase of 0.76°C decade-1and 0.92°C decade-1, respectively. At 9pm (00UTC), April and November presented an increase of 0.43°C decade-1 e 0.55°C decade-1, respectively. However, May and August showed a decrease of 0.69°C decade-1 and 0.31°C decade-1, respectively.

Totais decendiais de precipitação pluvial em Campinas, SP: persistência temporal, periodicidades e tendências climáticas / Ten-day rainfall amounts at Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil: temporal persistence, periodicities, and climate trends

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as componentes tendências, periodicidades e persistência temporal presentes nas séries decendiais de precipitação pluvial (PRE) na localidade de Campinas/SP, entre os anos de 1890 e 2009. A aplicação da função auto-correlação e do teste Run permitiu inferir a inexistência de significativas correlações seriais entre os totais decendiais de PRE. Análises espectrais conduzidas no domínio tempo-frequencia não possibilitaram a indicação de significativas periodicidades nos picos de variância do sinal temporal PRE. Com base em métodos não paramétricos e considerando as probabilidades máximas de ocorrência do erro tipo I, usualmente admitidas na literatura (10 e 5 por cento), não houve indicação de marcantes tendências climáticas nas séries analisadas. Contudo, observou-se concentração de casos de tendências de queda a partir do final da época seca regional (mês de agosto) até o início do mês de novembro (pertencente à estação chuvosa). Essa característica pode ser considerada um indício de mudança nos padrões do clima regional no sentido de atraso da retomada da estação chuvosa.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of temporal persistence, periodicals components, and trends within the ten-day rainfall series (PRE), observed during 1890-2009 at the weather station of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the autocorrelation function and on the Run test it was observed no significant temporal persistence within the data sample. The spectral analysis carried on the time-frequency domain has shown no remarkable periodicity associated with the variance peaks in the temporal signal under evaluation. Based on non parametric methods and considering the significance levels commonly adopted in the scientific literature (10 and 5 percent) it was detected no important climate trend within the PRE series. However, during the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season it was observed an unexpected high number of decreasing (negative) trends cases that may be an indication of changes in the climatic conditions observed during 1890-2009. This last feature may reveal a delay in the resumption of the rainy season.

Totais decendiais de precipitação pluvial em Campinas, SP: persistência temporal, periodicidades e tendências climáticas

The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of temporal persistence, periodicals components, and trends within the ten-day rainfall series (PRE), observed during 1890-2009 at the weather station of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the autocorrelation function and on the Run test it was observed no significant temporal persistence within the data sample. The spectral analysis carried on the time-frequency domain has shown no remarkable periodicity associated with the variance peaks in the temporal signal under evaluation. Based on non parametric methods and considering the significance levels commonly adopted in the scientific literature (10 and 5%) it was detected no important climate trend within the PRE series. However, during the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season it was observed an unexpected high number of decreasing (negative) trends cases that may be an indication of changes in the climatic conditions observed during 1890-2009. This last feature may reveal a delay in the resumption of the rainy season.

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as componentes tendências, periodicidades e persistência temporal presentes nas séries decendiais de precipitação pluvial (PRE) na localidade de Campinas/SP, entre os anos de 1890 e 2009. A aplicação da função auto-correlação e do teste Run permitiu inferir a inexistência de significativas correlações seriais entre os totais decendiais de PRE. Análises espectrais conduzidas no domínio tempo-frequencia não possibilitaram a indicação de significativas periodicidades nos picos de variância do sinal temporal PRE. Com base em métodos não paramétricos e considerando as probabilidades máximas de ocorrência do erro tipo I, usualmente admitidas na literatura (10 e 5%), não houve indicação de marcantes tendências climáticas nas séries analisadas. Contudo, observou-se concentração de casos de tendências de queda a partir do final da época seca regional (mês de agosto) até o início do mês de novembro (pertencente à estação chuvosa). Essa característica pode ser considerada um indício de mudança nos padrões do clima regional no sentido de atraso da retomada da estação chuvosa.

Totais decendiais de precipitação pluvial em Campinas, SP: persistência temporal, periodicidades e tendências climáticas

The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of temporal persistence, periodicals components, and trends within the ten-day rainfall series (PRE), observed during 1890-2009 at the weather station of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the autocorrelation function and on the Run test it was observed no significant temporal persistence within the data sample. The spectral analysis carried on the time-frequency domain has shown no remarkable periodicity associated with the variance peaks in the temporal signal under evaluation. Based on non parametric methods and considering the significance levels commonly adopted in the scientific literature (10 and 5%) it was detected no important climate trend within the PRE series. However, during the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season it was observed an unexpected high number of decreasing (negative) trends cases that may be an indication of changes in the climatic conditions observed during 1890-2009. This last feature may reveal a delay in the resumption of the rainy season.

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as componentes tendências, periodicidades e persistência temporal presentes nas séries decendiais de precipitação pluvial (PRE) na localidade de Campinas/SP, entre os anos de 1890 e 2009. A aplicação da função auto-correlação e do teste Run permitiu inferir a inexistência de significativas correlações seriais entre os totais decendiais de PRE. Análises espectrais conduzidas no domínio tempo-frequencia não possibilitaram a indicação de significativas periodicidades nos picos de variância do sinal temporal PRE. Com base em métodos não paramétricos e considerando as probabilidades máximas de ocorrência do erro tipo I, usualmente admitidas na literatura (10 e 5%), não houve indicação de marcantes tendências climáticas nas séries analisadas. Contudo, observou-se concentração de casos de tendências de queda a partir do final da época seca regional (mês de agosto) até o início do mês de novembro (pertencente à estação chuvosa). Essa característica pode ser considerada um indício de mudança nos padrões do clima regional no sentido de atraso da retomada da estação chuvosa.

Totais decendiais de precipitação pluvial em Campinas, SP: persistência temporal, periodicidades e tendências climáticas

The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of temporal persistence, periodicals components, and trends within the ten-day rainfall series (PRE), observed during 1890-2009 at the weather station of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the autocorrelation function and on the Run test it was observed no significant temporal persistence within the data sample. The spectral analysis carried on the time-frequency domain has shown no remarkable periodicity associated with the variance peaks in the temporal signal under evaluation. Based on non parametric methods and considering the significance levels commonly adopted in the scientific literature (10 and 5%) it was detected no important climate trend within the PRE series. However, during the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season it was observed an unexpected high number of decreasing (negative) trends cases that may be an indication of changes in the climatic conditions observed during 1890-2009. This last feature may reveal a delay in the resumption of the rainy season.

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as componentes tendências, periodicidades e persistência temporal presentes nas séries decendiais de precipitação pluvial (PRE) na localidade de Campinas/SP, entre os anos de 1890 e 2009. A aplicação da função auto-correlação e do teste Run permitiu inferir a inexistência de significativas correlações seriais entre os totais decendiais de PRE. Análises espectrais conduzidas no domínio tempo-frequencia não possibilitaram a indicação de significativas periodicidades nos picos de variância do sinal temporal PRE. Com base em métodos não paramétricos e considerando as probabilidades máximas de ocorrência do erro tipo I, usualmente admitidas na literatura (10 e 5%), não houve indicação de marcantes tendências climáticas nas séries analisadas. Contudo, observou-se concentração de casos de tendências de queda a partir do final da época seca regional (mês de agosto) até o início do mês de novembro (pertencente à estação chuvosa). Essa característica pode ser considerada um indício de mudança nos padrões do clima regional no sentido de atraso da retomada da estação chuvosa.