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1.
An. Facultad Med. (Univ. Repúb. Urug., En línea) ; 8(2): e201, dic. 2021. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1358026

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen pocas pautas para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama (CM) en pacientes añosas, lo que puede conducir al sub o sobre tratamiento. Objetivo: Conocer las características, manejo y la evolución del CM precoz en mujeres añosas. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Se recolectaron datos relacionados con las características clínico-patológicas y la evolución de pacientes de 70 años o más tratadas por CM en el período comprendido entre el 1/1/ 2011 y el 31/12/ 2018, asistidas en el Hospital de Clínicas. Se utilizaron herramientas de estadística descriptiva y para calcular la sobrevida global (SVG) se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: se incluyeron 31 pacientes; la edad mediana al diagnóstico fue 76,8 años; las características clínico-patológicas fueron: carcinoma ductal: 71%; GH 1-2: 74,2%; estadio I: 54,8 %; sin metástasis axilares: 80,6 %; HER2-RE/RP+ 80,6%; HER2+ 16,7%, y triple negativas 3,2%. El 29% de las pacientes fueron diagnosticadas mediante tamizaje poblacional y el 74,2% recibieron tratamiento según pautas vigentes, mientras que el 38,7% fueron subtratadas y el 16,1% sobretratadas. La mediana de SVG fue de 98,7 meses. Conclusiones: Una minoría de las pacientes fue diagnosticada mediante tamizaje poblacional, el tipo histológico más frecuente fue el ductal y la prevalencia de los tumores HER2-RE/RP+ fue mayor que en las pacientes más jóvenes. La mayoría de las pacientes recibió tratamiento estandar.


Introduction: There are few guidelines for the treatment of breast cancer (BC) in older patients, which can lead to under- or over-treatment. Objective: To understand the characteristics, management and evolution of early BC in older women. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected on the clinical-pathological characteristics and evolution of patients aged 70 years or older, treated for BC in the period from 1/1/ 2011 to 31/12/ 2018, at the Hospital de Clínicas. Descriptive statistical tools were used and the Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate the overall survival (OS) rate. Results: 31 patients were included; median age at diagnosis was 76.8 years old; the clinical-pathological characteristics were: ductal carcinoma: 71%; HG 1-2: 74.2%; stage I: 54.8%; no axillary metastases: 80.6%; HER2-ER/PR+ 80.6%; HER2+ 16.7%, and triple negative 3.2%. Of all the patients, 29% were diagnosed through screening and 74.2% were treated according to current guidelines, while 38.7% were under-treated and 16.1% over-treated. The median OS was 98.7 months. Conclusions: A minority of patients were diagnosed by screening, the most frequent histological type was ductal and the prevalence of HER2-RE/RP+ tumors was higher than in younger patients. Most patients received standard treatment.


Introdução: Existem poucas diretrizes para o tratamento do câncer de mama (CM) em pacientes idosos, o que pode levar ao sub ou excesso de tratamento. Objetivo: Conhecer as características, manejo e evolução do MC precoce em mulheres idosas. Material e métodos: estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Foram coletados dados relacionados às características clínico-patológicas e à evolução dos pacientes com 70 anos ou mais atendidos por CM no período de 01/01/2011 a 31/12/2018, atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas. Ferramentas de estatística descritiva foram usadas e o método de Kaplan-Meier foi usado para calcular a sobrevida global (SVG). Resultados: 31 pacientes foram incluídos; a mediana de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 76,8 anos; as características clínico-patológicas foram: carcinoma ductal: 71%; GH 1-2: 74,2%; estágio I: 54,8%; sem metástases axilares: 80,6%; HER2-RE / RP + 80,6%; HER2 + 16,7% e triplo negativo 3,2%. 29% dos pacientes foram diagnosticados por triagem populacional e 74,2% receberam tratamento de acordo com as diretrizes atuais, enquanto 38,7% foram subtratados e 16,1% supertratados. O SVG médio foi de 98,7 meses. Conclusões: A minoria dos pacientes foi diagnosticada por rastreamento populacional, o tipo histológico mais frequente foi ductal e a prevalência de tumores HER2-RE / RP + foi maior do que em pacientes mais jovens. A maioria dos pacientes recebeu tratamento padrão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Treatment Outcome , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
2.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; Rev. cuba. salud pública;46(supl.1): e2590, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1144561

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Entre las estrategias de contención de la COVID-19 está evitar la entrada de posibles enfermos desde territorios con transmisión. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en la habilitación y funcionamiento de los puntos de pesquisa activa para el control epidemiológico de la COVID-19 en las fronteras provinciales de Cienfuegos. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud desarrollada en la provincia de Cienfuegos entre marzo y mayo del 2020. El universo estuvo conformado por los nueve puntos de pesquisa habilitados en fronteras. Se emplearon la entrevista y la observación participativa como técnicas de investigación y se utilizaron las estadísticas de cada punto de pesquisa activa. Resultados: Se habilitaron nueve puntos en fronteras provinciales que incluyeron un protocolo para la detección de sintomáticos respiratorios y sus contactos, y estuvieron integrados por un médico, un técnico en epidemiología, dos voluntarios de la Cruz Roja y un policía. Se pesquisaron 33 891 personas que viajaban en 16 679 vehículos; de ellos, el 0,06 por ciento resultó sospechoso de la enfermedad, mientras que el 4,69 por ciento retornó a su lugar de origen luego de realizada la pesquisa y la actividad educativa sobre el distanciamiento social necesario. Conclusiones: La participación intersectorial fue decisiva para habilitar los puntos en frontera, los que permitieron la pesquisa de todos los viajeros que arribaron por carretera a Cienfuegos. Aunque la incidencia de sospechosos respiratorios detectados fue baja, la experiencia fue positiva y segura, pues formó parte del conjunto de medidas que redujeron al mínimo la circulación del virus en el territorio(AU)


Introduction: Among the limiting measures for COVID-19 is to avoid the entrance of possible ill people from territories with ongoing transmission. Objective: To describe the experience of fitting out and functioning of active investigation points for the epidemiologic control of COVID-19 in the provincial borders of Cienfuegos province. Methods: It was conducted a research in health systems and services in Cienfuegos province from March to May, 2020. The studied sample was formed by nine investigation points fit out in the borders. Interviews and participative observation were used as research techniques, and the statistics records of each active investigation point were also used. Results: Nine points were fit out in the provincial borders which included a protocol for detection of respiratory symptomatic patients and their contacts, and these points had a physician, a technician in epidemiology, two volunteers of the Red Cross and a police officer. 33 891 people travelling in 16 678 vehicles were examined; 0,06 percent of them were suspicious to the disease, and 4,69 percent came back to their place of departure after the investigation and the educative intervention on needed social distancing. Conclusions: Intersectoral participation was decisive to fit out border points which allowed to implement the investigation of all the travelers that arrived by road to Cienfuegos. Although the incidence of detected suspicious patients was low, the experience was positive and safe because it was part of the measures that reduced to minimun the virus spreading in the province(AU)


Subject(s)
Health Surveillance , Mass Screening , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Sanitary Control of Borders
3.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 47(4): 236-242, Oct-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1042734

ABSTRACT

Abstract Notwithstanding the availability of human and technological resources, the care deficit in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with congenital heart diseases in Colombia is estimated at 50%. Barriers to healthcare delivery and access, both at the basic and specialized level, means that patients progress and reach advanced stages of the disease, with a direct impact on morbidity and mortality, and on the cost of care. Problems in early detection and diagnosis, poor access to specialized institutions, administrative constraints to authorize surgeries, diagnostic tests, and medical services, in addition to the lack of government recognition of national referral centers for the specialized management of these patients, compromise both the quality-of-life and the survival of patients. The purpose of this study is to highlight the current situation of patients and outline the diagnostic impact of the tools widely available in our environment for the detection of these pathologies.


Resumen En Colombia se estima un déficit de atención para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas del 50%, a pesar de contar con el equipo humano y tecnológico. Las barreras en el acceso a los servicios de salud, tanto en el nivel básico como en el especializado, hacen que los pacientes evolucionen hasta estadios avanzados, con impacto directo en la morbimortalidad y costo de atención. Los problemas en la detección y el diagnóstico temprano, la falta de acceso a centros especializados, las fallas administrativas en las autorizaciones quirúrgicas, diagnósticas y médicas, así como la falta de reconocimiento por parte del Estado de centros de referencia nacional para el manejo especializado de dichos pacientes hacen que tanto la calidad de vida como la sobrevida se encuentren comprometidas. El objetivo de este artículo es resaltar la problemática actual de los pacientes y describir el impacto diagnóstico de las herramientas ampliamente disponibles en nuestro medio para la detección de dichas enfermedades.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular , Heart Defects, Congenital , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Colombia , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Equipment and Supplies , Health Services Accessibility , Heart Diseases
4.
Prev Med ; 115: 19-25, 2018 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30092313

ABSTRACT

Most evidence on breast cancer screening accuracy derives from high income countries. We evaluated screening accuracy and factors related to program implementation in Bogota, Colombia. Between 2008 and 2012 participants underwent clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography. Positive results underwent histological verification. Adherence to screening protocols was analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were estimated and adjusted by overdiagnosis. Impact of alternative screening algorithms on follow-up was explored, including combined screening tests and modified coding systems for mammography. In total, 7436 women aged 50-69 were enrolled; 400 discontinued and 1003 non-compliant with screening protocols. 23 cancer cases were diagnosed. Mammography sensitivity and specificity were 78.3% (95%CI 77.3-99.3) and 99.4% (95%CI 99.2-99.6). CBE sensitivity was 39.1% (95%CI 37.9-40.3) and specificity 83.4% (95%CI 82.6-84.3). Parallel mammography and CBE showed the highest sensitivity (95.6%) and combined as serial tests the lowest (positive CBE followed by mammography 13.0%). A simplified coding system for mammography (recall/no-recall) had 6.3% of positive results and a minor reduction in specificity compared with standard mammography, but reported the best balance between recall rates and screening protocol compliance. Call-backs had high rates of loss-to-follow-up; thus, alternative screening algorithms might help increase screening compliance and follow-up in low and middle income countries, particularly in populations with poor screening history and low access to health services.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Mammography , Mass Screening/methods , Physical Examination/methods , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Colombia , Female , Humans , Medical Overuse , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity
6.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 13(3): 134-144, sept. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-661848

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la oferta de servicios para tamizaje y diagnóstico definitivo en Colombia como uno de los componentes que podrían explicar el bajo impacto sobre la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en el país. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo mediante encuestas a una muestra de instituciones que toman citologías y a la totalidad de laboratorios de lectura y centros de colposcopia-biopsia en cuatro departamentos de Colombia seleccionados por conveniencia. El diseño de la muestra fue probabilístico, proporcional al tamaño de los municipios, y aleatorio simple, en instituciones. Se compararon las diferencias entre los departamentos. Con base en estándares nacionales e internacionales se evaluó el cumplimiento de indicadores y criterios de calidad en términos de estructura, procesos y resultado. Resultados: Se encontró que el recurso humano parece ser suficiente, pero no se realiza seguimiento a mujeres con anormalidad citológica. Los sistemas de información son insuficientes. Se identificaron problemas en la calidad de la lectura de citologías. Las metas programáticas de cobertura se cumplen, aunque su medición no se hace teniendo en cuenta el esquema de tamización. Conclusiones: Se encuentran problemas de oferta en términos de estructura, proceso y resultado. Las deficiencias encontradas explican, en parte, el bajo impacto que se ha tenido sobre la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Colombia. La oferta de servicios de tamizaje y diagnóstico no están estructurados como un programa organizado.


Objective: To evaluate the cervical cancer screening and definitive diagnostic services offered in Colombia as a causal factor for low impact of early detection programs on cervical cancer mortality. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out using interviews from a convenience sample of four states in Colombia. A simple random sample proportional to size of municipality was used to select institutions which collect Pap smears. All cytology laboratories and colposcopy centers were included in the four states. Differences were compared among states. As based upon national and international standards, indicator compliance and quality criteria were evaluated in terms of structure, processes and results. Results: Human resources are apparently sufficient; however, follow-up for women with abnormal cytologies has not been carried out. Information systems are insufficient. Problems in quality of cytology reading were identified. Program coverage goals are being met; however, when measured, screening schedule is not taken into account. Conclusions: Problems encountered in cervical cancer screening include structure, processes and results. These deficiencies explain, in part, the low impact that screening has had on cervical cancer in Colombia. The national screening and diagnostic services being offered are not organized into a structured program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Follow-Up Studies , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Colombia , Health Services Coverage , Quality of Health Care
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