ABSTRACT
The study applied relational dialectics theory to explore competing discourses in bereaved Arab mothers' talk about their bereavement experience in a collective space in rural areas of Israel, and to understand how the interaction between these discourses gives meaning to their experience. Fifteen bereaved mothers were interviewed. The mothers, aged 28-46 years, had children (aged 1-6 years) who died between 2 and 7 years previously. Analysis of the interviews revealed three main discursive struggles that characterize mothers' bereavement experience: (a) moving closer versus keeping one's distance; (b) social harmony versus personal needs; and (c) criticism of ongoing grief versus criticism of returning to routine functioning. The advantage of being part of a close-knit social network is that it provides emotional cushioning to the bereaved. This cushioning, however, does not preclude the struggle to attain normalcy after the tragedy within the parameters of the contradictory societal expectations and needs of the mourner.
Subject(s)
Bereavement , Mothers , Female , Child , Humans , Mothers/psychology , Arabs , Grief , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo analisou os efeitos da utilização e da percepção de utilidade dos rituais de luto e da satisfação conjugal no luto perinatal. Método: Responderam a um inquérito de autorrelato, 74 mulheres portuguesas que recorreram a um hospital público no Porto - Portugal, após vivenciarem um ou mais abortamentos em 2019. Foram analisados os efeitos da utilidade dos rituais e da satisfação conjugal na vivência do luto, bem como os efeitos de interação. Resultados: Tendo o ajustamento ao luto após a perda gestacional como variável dependente, observou-se um efeito negativo da satisfação conjugal (b=.33) e um efeito positivo da utilidade dos rituais (b =.46). Não foi observado um efeito significativo de moderação. Conclusão: Este estudo vem realçar a importância da abordagem dos rituais de luto e da conjugalidade no apoio emocional à perda, sendo primordial a figura do enfermeiro nos contextos do aborto e da perda neonatal.
ABSTRACT Objective: The present study analyzed the effects of the use and perceived usefulness of bereavement rituals and marital satisfaction on perinatal bereavement. Method: 74 Portuguese women who attended a public hospital in Porto - Portugal, after experiencing one or more abortions in 2019, responded to a self-report survey. The effects of ritual utility and marital satisfaction on bereavement experience, as well as interaction effects, were analyzed. Results: With adjustment to bereavement after pregnancy loss as the dependent variable, a negative effect of marital satisfaction (b=.33) and a positive effect of ritual utility (b =.46) were observed. No significant moderation effect was observed. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of addressing bereavement rituals and conjugality in providing emotional support for the loss, with the figure of the nurse being paramount in the contexts of abortion and neonatal loss.
RESUMEN Objetivo: El presente estudio examinó los efectos del uso y la utilidad percibida de los rituales de duelo y la satisfacción marital en el duelo perinatal. Método: 74 mujeres portuguesas que acudieron a un hospital público en Oporto - Portugal, después de experimentar uno o más abortos en 2019, respondieron a una encuesta de autoinforme. Se analizaron los efectos de la utilidad ritual y la satisfacción marital en la experiencia del duelo, así como los efectos de interacción. Resultados: Con la adaptación al duelo tras la pérdida del embarazo como variable dependiente, se observó un efecto negativo de la satisfacción marital (b=.33) y un efecto positivo de la utilidad ritual (b=.46). No se observó ningún efecto de moderación significativo. Conclusión: Este estudio pone de manifiesto la importancia de abordar los rituales del duelo y la conyugalidad en el apoyo emocional a la pérdida, siendo la figura de la enfermera primordial en los contextos del aborto y la pérdida neonatal.
Subject(s)
Bereavement , AbortionABSTRACT
Although early-life stress is known to alter health, its long-term consequences on mortality remain largely unknown. Thanks to unique French legislation established in 1917 for war orphans and children of disabled soldiers, we were able to study the adult mortality of individuals born in 1914-1916 whose fathers were killed during World War 1. Vital information and socio-demographic characteristics were extracted manually from historical civil registers for 5,671 children born between 1 August 1914 and 31 December 1916 who were granted the status of "pupille de la Nation" (orphan of the Nation). We used a database comprising 1.4 million deceased soldiers to identify war orphans and collect information on their fathers and then paired each orphan with a nonorphan from the same birth register matched for date of birth, sex, and mother's age at the infant's birth. Mortality between ages 31 and 99 y was analyzed for 2,365 orphan/nonorphan pairs. The mean loss of adult lifespan of orphans who had lost their father before birth was 2.4 y (95% CI: 0.7, 3.9 y) and was the result of increased mortality before age 65 y. Adult lifespan was not reduced when the father's death occurred after the infant's birth. These results support the notion that intrauterine exposure to a major psychological maternal stress can affect human longevity.
