The Effect of Geoclimatic Factors on the Distribution of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

The incidence of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) varies in Latin America, and it is influenced by environmental factors. This study evaluated the distribution of PCM acute/subacute form (AF) cases and their correlation with geoclimatic factors in the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state. The study included 81 patients diagnosed with the PCM/AF at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul between January 1980 and February 2022. Geographic coordinates, health microregion of patient's residence, compensated average temperature, relative air humidity (RH), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and average global temperature were analyzed. The highest incidence was observed in the Aquidauana (7/100,000 inhabitants), while Campo Grande, the state's capital, had the highest number (n = 34; 42.4%) and density (4.4 cases/km2) of cases. The number of cases increased during extended periods of the El Niño phenomenon. A positive correlation was found between higher RH and PCM/AF cases. Most PCM/AF cases were found in areas with loamy soils and RH ranging from 60.8 to 73.6%. In MS, the health microregions of PCM/AF patients are characterized by deforestation for agricultural and pasture use, coupled with loamy soils and specific climatic phenomena leading to higher soil humidity.

Investigation of Yellow Fever Virus at the Human-Animal Interface after a Zika Virus Outbreak in Midwest Brazil.

Following the first report of zika virus in March 2015, Brazil experienced its largest sylvatic yellow fever outbreak between 2016 and 2019. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of yellow fever virus (YFV) in non-human primates (NHPs) and mosquitoes collected in urban parks and other metropolitan areas of midwest Brazil between 2017 and 2018. Whole blood samples from 80 NHPs, including 48 black-tailed marmosets (Mico melanurus) and 2332 mosquitoes from six different genera, were collected in the states of Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) and then tested for YFV by RT-qPCR. Additionally, 23 plasma samples of NHPs were tested for neutralizing antibodies for YFV by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). No YFV RNA or neutralizing antibodies for YFV were detected in NHPs and mosquitoes from MT and MS. The continuous monitoring of YFV circulation in different species of NHPs and vectors in urban areas is instrumental to quickly assess potentially unknown maintenance cycles of yellow fever at the human-animal interface in Brazil.

Unveiling the Impact of the Omicron Variant: Insights from Genomic Surveillance in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwest Brazil.

Genomic surveillance has emerged as a crucial tool in monitoring and understanding the dynamics of viral variants during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the Midwest region of Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul has faced a significant burden from the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, with a total of 613,000 confirmed cases as of June 2023. In collaboration with the Central Public Health Laboratory in the capital city of Campo Grande, we conducted a portable whole-genome sequencing and phylodynamic analysis to investigate the circulation of the Omicron variant in the region. The study aimed to uncover the genomic landscape and provide valuable insights into the prevalence and transmission patterns of this highly transmissible variant. Our findings revealed an increase in the number of cases within the region during 2022, followed by a gradual decline as a result of the successful impact of the vaccination program together with the capacity of this unpredictable and very transmissible variant to quickly affect the proportion of susceptible population. Genomic data indicated multiple introduction events, suggesting that human mobility played a differential role in the variant's dispersion dynamics throughout the state. These findings emphasize the significance of implementing public health interventions to mitigate further spread and highlight the powerful role of genomic monitoring in promptly tracking and uncovering the circulation of viral strains. Together those results underscore the importance of proactive surveillance, rapid genomic sequencing, and data sharing to facilitate timely public health responses.

A FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul e o enfrentamento à covid-19 / FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul and the fight against covid-19

O E-book apresentado é um compilado interdisciplinar de trabalhos escritos por pesquisadores dedicados e comprometidos com a sociedade e com os diversos entes governamentais do estado na linha de frente do combate ao Coronavírus. Os dois primeiros capítulos são dedicados a Inquéritos sorológicos levados a cabo nos municípios de Campo Grande e Corumbá, fruto dos trabalhos de coleta, testagem e genotipagem realizados pela equipe de pesquisadores e técnicos da FIOCRUZ-MS. A coordenação de educação da FIOCRUZ-MS também teve papel fundamental neste esforço conjunto, o livro segue apresentando alguns dos trabalhos de pesquisa realizados por estes pós-graduandos. Mantendo o foco ainda nos efeitos da pandemia sobre os profissionais da saúde, o capítulo sétimo trata exatamente dos Transtornos mentais comuns e insegurança dos profissionais da saúde em tempos de pandemia. Finalizando este livro trazemos uma reflexão sobre Sindemia da covid-19 e sofrimento social entre os povos indígenas no Mato Grosso do Sul.

Variations in the tropospheric concentration of NO2 in the central west of Brazil, MS, and their relationship with the COVID-19.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the disease was disseminated in several cities around the world, where measures were taken to control the spread of the virus through the adoption of quarantine (social isolation and closure of commercial sectors). This article analyzed the environmental impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, regarding the variations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere. NO2 data from the AURA satellite, in the period before the beginning of the epidemic (2005-2019) and during the adoption of the preventive and control measures of COVID-19 in 2020, were acquired and compared. The results obtained from the analysis showed that the blockade from COVID-19, beginning in March 2020, improved air quality in the short term, but as soon as coal consumption in power plants and refineries returned to normal levels (since June 2020), due to the resumption of works, the pollution levels returned to the level of the previous years of 2020. NO2 levels showed a significant decrease, since they were mainly associated with the decrease in economic growth and transport restrictions that led to a change in energy consumption and a reduction in emissions. This study can complement the scientific community and policy makers for environmental protection and public management, not only to assess the impact of the outbreak on air quality, but also for its effectiveness as a simple alternative program of action to improve air quality.

Temporal trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in the public healthcare system in Brazil: A large population-based study.

Background: Population-based data on epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) in Brazil are scarce. This study aims to define temporal trends of incidence and prevalence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Brazil. Methods: All IBD patients from the public healthcare national system were included from January 2012 to December 2020. Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log-linear regression for incidence and binomial regression for prevalence. Moran's I autocorrelation index was used to analyse clustering of cities by level of prevalence. Findings: A total of 212,026 IBD patients were included. Incidence of IBD rose from 9.4 in 2012 to 9.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=0.8%; 95% CI -0.37, 1.99); for UC, incidence increased from 5.7 to 6.9 per 100,000 (AAPC=3.0%; 95% CI 1.51, 4.58) and for CD incidence decreased from 3.7 to 2.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=-3.2%; 95% CI -4.45, -2.02). Prevalence of IBD increased from 30.0 in 2012 to 100.1 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=14.8%; CI 14.78-14.95); for UC, from 15.7 to 56.5 per 100,000 (AAPC=16.0%; CI 15.94, 16.17); for CD from 12.6 to 33.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=12.1% CI 11.95, 12.02). A south-north gradient was observed in 2020 prevalence rates of IBD [I=0.40 (p<0.0001)], CD [I=0.22 (p<0.0001)] and UC [I=0.42 (p<0.0001)]. Interpretation: Incidence of CD is decreasing whereas of UC is increasing, leading to stabilization in the incidence of IBD from 2012 to 2020 in Brazil. Prevalence of IBD has been climbing with 0.1% of Brazilians living with IBD in 2020. Funding: None.

DNA barcoding for identification of anuran species in the central region of South America.

The use of COI barcodes for specimen identification and species discovery has been a useful molecular approach for the study of Anura. Here, we establish a comprehensive amphibian barcode reference database in a central area of South America, in particular for specimens collected in Mato Grosso do Sul state (Brazil), and to evaluate the applicability of the COI gene for species-level identification. Both distance- and tree-based methods were applied for assessing species boundaries and the accuracy of specimen identification was evaluated. A total of 204 mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were evaluated from 22 genera and 59 species (19 newly barcoded species). Our results indicate that morphological and molecular identifications converge for most species, however, some species may present cryptic species due to high intraspecific variation, and there is a high efficiency of specimen identification. Thus, we show that COI sequencing can be used to identify anuran species present in this region.

Improving the serodiagnosis of canine Leishmania infantum infection in geographical areas of Brazil with different disease prevalence.

Serodiagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs relies on the detection of antibodies against leishmanial crude extracts or parasitic defined antigens. The expansion of canine leishmaniasis from geographical areas of Brazil in which the infection is endemic to regions in which the disease is emerging is occurring. This fact makes necessary the analysis of the serodiagnostic capabilities of different leishmanial preparations in distinct geographical locations. In this article sera from dogs infected with Leishmania and showing the clinical form of the disease, were collected in three distinct Brazilian States and were tested against soluble leishmanial antigens or seven parasite individual antigens produced as recombinant proteins. We show that the recognition of soluble leishmanial antigens by sera from these animals was influenced by the geographical location of the infected dogs. Efficacy of the diagnosis based on this crude parasite preparation was higher in newly endemic regions when compared with areas of high disease endemicity. We also show that the use of three of the recombinant proteins, namely parasite surface kinetoplastid membrane protein of 11 kDa (KMP-11), and two members of the P protein family (P2a and P0), can improve the degree of sensitivity without adversely affecting the specificity of the diagnostic assays for canine leishmaniasis, independently of the geographical area of residence. In addition, sera from dogs clinically healthy but infected were also assayed with some of the antigen preparations. We demonstrate that the use of these proteins can help to the serodiagnosis of Leishmania infected animals with subclinical infections. Finally, we propose a diagnostic protocol using a combination of KMP-11, P2a y P0, together with total leishmanial extracts.

Cattle diseases in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: a 24-year survey (1995-2018) / Doenças de bovinos em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil: uma pesquisa de 24 anos (1995-2018)

We reviewed the records of 5,083 cattle necropsies performed from January 1995 to December 2018 and filed at the Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology (LAP) of the "Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul" (UFMS). These necropsies were performed either by LAP-UFMS faculty (22.33%) or by field veterinary practitioners (77.67%) who subsequently submitted material for histological evaluation at the LAP-UFMS. Conclusive diagnoses were reached in 46.21% of the protocols (2,349 cases), and approximately 65% of the cases were classified as inflammatory or parasitic diseases, with rabies being the most diagnosed disease (20.82% of total conclusive diagnosis). There were a large number of protocols in which the diagnosis was of nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown cause (NSMUC). Those were the main differentials for rabies and bovine herpesvirus-5 necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME); that is, the number of rabies cases may be even higher if one considers that many cases of NSMUC might be undiagnosed rabies cases. Toxic and toxic-infectious diseases were the second most prevalent category, and botulism cases represented 41% of this category. The other categories corresponded to less than 20% of the total diagnoses and were distributed in decreasing order of frequency as degenerative diseases (9.79%), diseases caused by physical agents (3.87%), other diseases (2.13%), neoplasms and tumor-like lesions (1.79%), metabolic or nutritional disorders (1.75%) and congenital malformations (0.64%). The large number of inconclusive diagnoses was mainly due to improper conditions of mailed-in material for histopathological evaluation, namely, nonrepresentative samples of all organs, autolysis, and the absence of epidemiological and clinical-pathological information.(AU)

Em um levantamento sobre doenças de bovinos, revisamos os protocolos de 5.083 necropsias de bovinos realizadas no período de janeiro de 1995 a dezembro de 2018 e arquivados no Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Essas necropsias foram realizadas pelos veterinários e professores do LAP-UFMS (22,33%) ou por médicos veterinários de campo (77,67%) que, posteriormente, submeteram ao LAP-UFMS material para avaliação histológica. Diagnósticos foram conclusivos em 46,21% dos casos protocolados (2349), e aproximadamente 65% deles foram classificados como doenças inflamatórias ou parasitárias, sendo a raiva a doença mais diagnosticada (20,82% dos diagnósticos conclusivos). Havia um grande número de protocolos nos quais o diagnóstico era de encefalite/meningoencefalite não supurativa de causa indeterminada, para o qual os dois principais diferenciais são raiva e meningoencefalite necrosante por herpesvírus bovino; isso sugere que o número de casos de raiva pode ser ainda maior, se considerarmos que muitos destes podem ser casos de raiva não diagnosticados adequadamente. As doenças tóxicas e toxi-infecciosas foram a segunda categoria mais prevalente; dentre elas, os casos de botulismo compuseram 41%. As demais categorias corresponderam a menos de 20% do total de diagnósticos e foram distribuídas em ordem decrescente de frequência, em doenças degenerativas (9,79%), doenças causadas por agentes físicos (3,87%), outras doenças (2,13%), neoplasmas e lesões tumoriformes (1,79%), distúrbios metabólicos ou nutricionais (1,75%) e malformações congênitas (0,64%). O grande número de diagnósticos inconclusivos deveu-se principalmente às condições inadequadas do material enviado ao LAP-FAMEZ para avaliação histopatológica, ou seja, amostras não representativas de todos os órgãos, autolisadas ou acompanhadas de poucas de informações epidemiológicas e clínico-patológicas.(AU)

A New Species of Pachysentis Meyer, 1931 (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) in the Brown-Nosed Coati Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) from Brazil, with Notes on the Genus and a Key to Species.

INTRODUCTION: Pachysentis comprises 10 species, which have been reported parasitizing mammals in Africa and the American continent. However, species of Pachysentis have not been described in brow-nosed coatis. Pachysentis lauroi n. sp. (Oligacanthorhynchidae: Acanthocephala) is described from the brown-nosed coati Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) Storr, 1780 (Procyonidae: Carnivora) in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. METHODS: Specimens were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULT: The new species is distinguished from other species of Pachysentis by the number of hooks in each longitudinal row (12 rows of 4 hooks, total of 48 hooks), presence of barbs on all hooks, and the organization of the cement glands. Notes on the genus Pachysentis [14] and a key to its species are provided. Critical comments on some species with a dubious diagnosis and questionable or missed key taxonomic characteristics are also reviewed. We also discuss the zoogeography of the members of the genus.

Risk of exposure of farms and subsistence nurseries to contact with wild boar in southern Mato Grosso do Sul / Risco de exposição de granjas e criatórios de subsistência ao contato com javalis no sul do Mato Grosso do Sul

With the advancement of wild boar distribution in the rural environment, its impacts are not limited to health in the pig sector, but the requirements for monitoring and control of the species are requirements laid down by the OIE for the recognition of classical swine fever free zone status. The construction of ecological models of favorability or suitability for the occurrence of pest species are necessary tools for the decision making on priority areas of management aiming at risk management. This work aims to map the level of suitability for the occurrence of wild boar in the southern state of Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as to identify the main risk variables for contact with the wild boar and evaluate the biosecurity measures adopted by commercial farms integrated in the south of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. To evaluate the risk potential of wild boar for commercial and subsistence swine farming in southern Mato Grosso do Sul, a model of environmental suitability was constructed for this species in the swine producing region. This model considered different environmental strata, being the selection of the layers considered the physiological and behavioral characteristics of the species. In parallel, interviews were carried out in a sample of commercial farms integrating the region to survey the perception of the presence of the invasive species and the biosafety measures adopted. The results of this work indicate that the risk of contact among wild boars and animals reared in closed production systems may be high in the study area and only establishment of appropriate biosecurity measures that consider the characteristics and habits of the boar may prevent the intrusion of this species and contact with domestic swine. The built model can be considered of high reliability and it is recommended to apply it to other areas of the state, being a useful tool for the productive sector, environmental agencies and decision makers.(AU)

Com o avanço da distribuição do javali no ambiente rural, seus impactos não se restringem somente a sanidade suidea, embora as exigências quanto ao monitoramento e controle da espécie sejam exigências previstas pela OIE, para o reconhecimento do status de zona livre de peste suína clássica. A construção de modelos ecológicos de favorabilidade ou adequabilidade para a ocorrência de espécies-praga são ferramentas necessárias para as tomadas de decisão sobre áreas prioritárias de manejo visando gestão de risco. Este trabalho objetiva mapear o nível de adequabilidade para a ocorrência de javalis no sul do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, bem como levantar as principais variáveis de risco para o contato com o javali asselvajado e avaliar as medidas de biosseguridade adotadas por granjas comerciais integradas no sul do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Para avaliar o potencial de risco exercido pelos javalis para a suinocultura comercial e de subsistência nesta região foi construído um modelo de adequabilidade ambiental para essa espécie na região produtora de suínos. Esse modelo considerou diferentes estratos ambientais, sendo que para a seleção das camadas consideram-se características fisiológicas e comportamentais da espécie. Em paralelo, entrevistas foram realizadas em uma amostragem de granjas comerciais de integração da região para levantamento da percepção quanto a presença da espécie invasora e as medidas de biossegurança adotadas. Os resultados desse trabalho indicam que o risco de contato entre javalis de vida livre e os animais criados em sistemas de produção fechados pode ser alto na área de estudo e somente estabelecimento de medidas de biosseguridade apropriadas, que considerem as características e hábitos do javali poderá impedir a intrusão dessa espécie e o contato com os suínos domésticos. O modelo construído pode ser considerado de elevada confiabilidade e recomenda-se a sua aplicação para as outras áreas do estado, sendo uma ferramenta útil para o setor produtivo, os órgãos ambientais e os tomadores de decisão.(AU)

Descriptive analysis of syphilis cases reported in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil identifies failure in treatment

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Syphilis infection remains an alarming public health problem worldwide. METHODS: This study analyzed syphilis cases listed in the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN) of Mato Grosso do Sul state in Brazil between January 2013 and December 2014. RESULTS: Most of the evaluated syphilis cases would have been preventable through public education, particularly congenital syphilis in children of previously diagnosed mothers and infection by untreated sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of syphilis could be reduced by improving prevention through counselling on the risk of infection, improving access to condoms, and increasing the frequency of diagnostic tests.

Temporal and spatial variation of richness and abundance of the community of birds in the Pantanal wetlands of Nhecolândia(Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) / Variación temporal y espacial en la riqueza y abundancia de la comunidad de aves del humedal Pantanal de Nhecolândia (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil)

Abstract The Pantanal wetlands represent one of the largest flood plains in the World, with extreme climatic variations between dry and wet seasons. The area shelters a high diversity of habitats, representing the main formations found in this sub-region: grasslands, savannah, forested savannah, riparian forests, bays and salines, and Negro river itself. This habitat variability determines the structure and dynamics of the bird community, because most species are closely related to specific habitats. For this, we studied the abundance of bird species from 2001 to 2004 in a Pantanal area of Fazenda Rio Negro, Aquidauana, Brazil. The abundance was compared among those four consecutive years, seasons (dry and wet), time of the day (morning and afternoon), and also between seven different habitats, in order to determine the variation in distribution patterns and habitats used by birds. For this, we used the linear transect method in each of the seven habitats, and recorded bird abundances to obtain richness. The richness registered in the mosaic of habitats was of 201 species for the savannah, 87 in forested savannah, 116 in the riparian forest, 75 in grasslands, 120 in bays, 92 in the salines and 64 in the Negro river, accounting for 348 species in the Pantanal of Rio Negro. Overall, 98 species of migratory birds were registered. The results highlighted some important issues regarding the total abundance of birds in Nhecolândia: Psittacidae was the most abundant family in the region, with prominence in all environments. Recurvirostridae, a monospecific family, showed expressive abundance due to the dominance of Himantopusmexicanus in the salinas, followed by Ardeidae, Anatidae and Cracidae. Other families with high abundance were Tyrannidae, Columbidae, Thraupidae and Emberizidae, all in predominantly terrestrial environments. Moreover: a) The highest number of specimens was recorded in the morning period and in the dry season, regardless of the habitat; b) there were no differences in abundance in the same habitat along the years, but the abundance was different among habitats. In general, the results indicated that there is a relatively stable bird population in each habitat along the annual cycle, but there were differences in abundance among habitats. Thus, additional studies on food availability in dry and wet seasons should be better explored in the future, either in this region or in other Pantanal regions. This fact could better explain the seasonal dynamics of the richness and abundance of birds in the Pantanal area in general.

Resumen Los humedales del Pantanal representan una de las mayores llanuras de inundación del mundo, con variaciones climáticas extremas entre las estaciones seca y húmeda. La zona alberga una gran diversidad de hábitats, representando las principales formaciones encontradas en esta subregión de humedales del Pantanal: pastizales, sabanas, sabanas boscosas, bosques ribereños, bahías y salinas, y el propio Río Negro. La variabilidad del hábitat es una parte determinante de la estructura y dinámica de la comunidad de aves, ya que la mayoría de las especies están estrechamente relacionadas con hábitats específicos. Estudiamos la abundancia de especies de aves de 2001 a 2004 en la Fazenda Río Negro, Aquidauana, Brasil. La abundancia se comparó entre los cuatro años consecutivos, las estaciones (seca y húmeda), la hora del día (mañana y tarde) y también entre siete hábitats diferentes, para determinar la variación en los patrones de distribución y hábitats utilizados por las aves. Para ello, se utilizó el método de transectos lineales en cada uno de los siete hábitats, y se registraron las abundancias de aves para obtener la riqueza. La riqueza registrada en el mosaico de hábitats fue de 201 especies para la sabana, 87 sabana boscosa, 116 bosque ribereño, 75 en pastizales, 120 en bahías, 92 en salinas y 64 en el río Negro, con 348 especies en el Pantanal de Río Negro. En total, se registraron 98 especies de aves migratorias. Los resultados destacaron algunas cuestiones importantes con respecto a la abundancia total de aves en Nhecolândia: Psittacidae fue la familia más abundante en la región, con prominencia en todos los ambientes. Recurvirostridae, una familia monoespecífica, mostró abundancia significativa debido a la dominancia de Himantopusmexicanus en las salinas, seguido por Ardeidae, Anatidae y Cracidae. Otras familias con gran abundancia fueron: Tyrannidae, Columbidae, Thraupidae y Emberizidae, todas en ambientes predominantemente terrestres. Además: a) Se registró el mayor número de ejemplares en el período de la mañana y en la estación seca, independientemente del hábitat; B) no hubo diferencias en la abundancia en el mismo hábitat a lo largo de los años, pero la abundancia fue diferente entre los hábitats. En general, los resultados indicaron que hay una población de aves relativamente estable en cada hábitat a lo largo del ciclo anual, pero hubo diferencias en la abundancia entre los hábitats.

Equine infectious anaemia in equids of Southern Pantanal, Brazil: seroprevalence and evaluation of the adoption of a control programme / Anemia infecciosa equina em equídeos do Pantanal Sul, Brasil: soroprevalência e avaliação da adoção de um programa de controle

The working equid population in Corumbá, Southern Pantanal, is very large and has a crucial role in the main economic activity of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the beef cattle industry. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in working equids of ranches in the municipality of Corumbá, by the official agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and evaluate the adoption of the Programme for the Prevention and Control of Equine Infectious Anaemia proposed by Embrapa Pantanal and official entities in the 1990s. From September to November 2009, forty ranches distributed through the area of the municipality were visited, and serum samples were obtained from 721 equines and 232 mules. According to previous publications and the present data, it was concluded that the prevalence of EIA in this population has increased from 18.17% to 38.60%, which represents at this time approximately 13,000 infected animals. There was no significant difference between the apparent prevalence of equines and mules. It was also verified that the control programme was not known by the greater part of the interviewed ranch owners, managers and foremen and, in their perception, EIA is not a primary threat to address. Among the studied variables, the serologic testing practice significantly reduced the risk for the presence of EIA seropositivity, as well as the separation of riding equipment and segregation of seropositives.(AU)

A população de equídeos de serviço em Corumbá, Pantanal Sul, é muito numerosa e tem um papel crucial na principal atividade econômica do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a pecuária de corte extensiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a prevalência atual da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) em equídeos de serviço em fazendas do município de Corumbá, pelo teste oficial de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), e avaliar a adoção do Programa de Prevenção e Controle da Anemia Infecciosa Equina proposto pela Embrapa Pantanal e entidades oficiais nos anos 1990. De setembro a novembro de 2009, quarenta fazendas distribuídas na área do município foram visitadas, e amostras de soro obtidas de 721 equinos e 232 muares. De acordo com publicações anteriores e os dados obtidos neste trabalho, concluiu-se que a prevalência da AIE nesta população aumentou de 18.17% para 38,60%, o que representa atualmente cerca de 13.000 animais infectados. Não houve diferença significativa entre as prevalências aparentes de equinos e muares. Verificou-se, também, que o programa de controle era desconhecido pela maior parte dos produtores, gerentes e capatazes entrevistados e, na percepção dos mesmos, a AIE não é uma ameaça importante a ser enfrentada. Dentre as variáveis estudadas, a prática da realização de testes sorológicos reduziu significantemente o risco para a presença de soropositividade para AIE, assim como a separação dos equipamentos de montaria e a segregação dos soropositivos.(AU)

Subterranean biodiversity in the Serra da Bodoquena karst area, Paraguay river basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Southwestern Brazil / Biodiversidade subterrânea na área cárstica da Serra da Bodoquena, bacia do Rio Paraguai, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Sudoeste do Brasil

We present herein a synthesis of faunistic data from caves in the Serra da Bodoquena karst area, middle Paraguay River basin, Mato Grosso do Sul State. Those include phreatic, submerged and dry caves. Emphasis is given to troglobites (exclusively subterranean species), potentially threatened due to their morphological, physiological and behavioral specializations, associated to generally small distributions. The Bodoquena karst area distinguishes as a spot of high diversity of troglobites, such as trichomycterid and heptapterid catfishes, aquatic planarians and gastropods, arachnids (Eusarcus opilionids, ctenid spiders), Polydesmida diplopods, several collembolans, some insects, and Peracarida crustaceans, which include interesting phylogenetic relicts as spelaeogriphaceans. Four geographic compartments corresponding to microbasins, seemingly with biogeographic importance for the subterranean fauna, are recognized. Phreatobic troglobites (Trichomycterus catfishes, aquatic peracarids, planarians) distribute widely across these compartments and some well beyond (the spelaeogriphacean Potiicoara brasiliensis reaches Mato Grosso state), while those living in base-level streams (Rhamdia and Ancistrus catfishes) and the terrestrial ones, that live in the vadose (aerated zone) are generally restricted to one compartment. Many subterranean ecosystems in Mato Grosso do Sul are endangered by several threats described here and urgent actions for effective protection are required to guarantee a sustainable use of the land and the karst aquifers.

Neste trabalho, são reunidos dados faunísticos sobre os táxons registrados em cavernas, freáticas, submersas e secas, da área cárstica da Serra da Bodoquena, na bacia do médio Rio Paraguai, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. É dada maior ênfase ès espécies exclusivamente subterrâneas (troglóbias), potencialmente ameaçadas de extinção devido ès especializações morfológicas, fisiológicas e comportamentais, e a distribuição geralmente restrita. A Serra da Bodoquena destaca-se por sua alta diversidade de troglóbios, entre peixes siluriformes, planárias aquáticas e gastrópodes, aracnídeos (opiliões Eusarcus, aranhas Ctenidae), diplópodes Polydesmida, diversos colêmbolos e alguns insetos, e crustáceos Peracarida, que incluem destacados relictos filogenéticos, como os crustáceos Speleogriphacea e anfípodes Megagidiella. São reconhecidos quatro compartimentos de aparente relevância biogeográfica para cavernícolas, correspondendo a microbacias na área. Troglóbios freáticos (bagres Trichomycterus, crustáceos Peracarida aquáticos, planárias) apresentam distribuições amplas através desses compartimentos, atingindo áreas distantes, como o Mato Grosso no caso dos Spelaeogriphacea Potiicoara brasiliensis, enquanto as espécies aquáticas que vivem em riachos (siluriformes como Rhamdia e Ancistrus) e os terrestres em geral, que vivem na zona vadosa, descontínua, tendem a apresentar distribuições restritas aos respectivos compartimentos. Muitos ecossistemas subterrâneos do Mato Grosso do Sul estão vulneráveis ès várias ameaças descritas aqui e ações urgentes de proteção efetiva são necessárias para garantir uma utilização sustentável da terra e dos aquíferos cársticos.

Diet of two sit-and-wait lizards, Phyllopezus pollicaris (Spix, 1825) (Phyllodactylidae) and Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) (Gekkonidae) in a perianthropic area of Mato Grosso do Sul, western Brazil

The dietary compositions of two sit-and-wait lizard species, Hemidactylus mabouia and Phyllopezus pollicaris, which co-occur over rocky substrate and vertical rock walls in a perianthropic area of western Brazil, were described. Both species showed a generalist feeding pattern, feeding mainly on insects. The most frequent prey items in the diet of P. pollicaris were Coleoptera, Araneae and Homoptera whereas the most important were Coleoptera and Homoptera, respectively. For H. mabouia the most frequent prey items were Araneae followed by Coleopterae and Hemiptera, whereas the most important items were H. mabouia followed by Formicidae and Hemiptera. Our identification into broader prey-types categories (i.e., order or family-level) suggests that some degree of food resource partitioning may occur, possibly through the occupation of different temporal niches.

A composição da dieta de duas espécies de lagartos senta-e-espera, Hemidactylus mabouia e Phyllopezus pollicaris, que coocorrem sobre substratos rochosos e paredões rochosos em uma área periantrópica no oeste do Brasil, foi descrita. Ambas as espécies demonstraram um padrão de alimentação generalista, alimentando-se principalmente de insetos. As presas mais frequentes na dieta de P. pollicaris foram Coleoptera, Araneae e Homoptera enquanto que os itens mais importantes foram Coleoptera e Homoptera, respectivamente. Para H. mabouia as presas mais frequentes foram Araneae seguido de Coleoptera e Hemiptera, enquanto que os itens mais importantes foram H. mabouia seguido de Formicidae e Hemiptera. Nossas identificações de presas em categorias mais amplas (i.e., nível de ordem ou família) sugerem que certo grau de partição de recursos alimentares pode ocorrer, possivelmente através da ocupação de nichos temporais diferentes.

Natural infection by endoparasites among free-living wild animals / Infecção natural por endoparasitas em animais silvestres de vida-livre

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of occurrence and variety of intestinal parasites among free-living wild animals. Fecal samples from wild mammals and birds at rehabilitation centers in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo were analyzed by sedimentation and flotation-centrifugation methods. Parasite eggs, oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites were found in 71% of the samples. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were detected in fecal samples from oncillas (Leopardus tigrinus) and scaly-headed parrots (Pionus maximiliani). Giardia cysts were identified in the feces of a gray brocket (Mazama gouazoubira). Among the most common parasites found, there were eggs from Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina and Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and from Cestoda. Several Enterobius sp. eggs were found in the feces of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus). It can be concluded from this study that despite the small number of samples, the diversity of parasites found was noteworthy. Additional information about parasite endofauna in wild animals is needed, since their presence might suggest that there could be proximity to and interactions with domestic animals and/or humans. In addition, further studies on parasites from free-living wild animals are of prime importance for understanding the intensity of anthropic changes in wild environments.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a frequência de ocorrência e a variedade de parasitas intestinais de animais silvestres de vida livre. Amostras de fezes de mamíferos e aves silvestres de centros de reabilitação dos Estados do Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo, foram analisadas pelos métodos de sedimentação e de centrífugo-flutuação. Foram encontrados ovos, oocistos, cistos e/ou trofozoítos de parasitas em 71% das amostras. Oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp. foram detectados em amostras de fezes de gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus) e maritacas (Pionus maximiliani). Cistos de Giardia foram identificados nas fezes de um veado catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira). Entre os parasitas mais comuns, foram encontrados ovos de Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina e Ancylostoma tubaeforme, além de ovos de Cestoda. Vários ovos de Enterobius sp. foram encontrados nas fezes de bugio (Alouatta seniculus). Neste trabalho concluiu-se que, apesar de pequeno o número de amostras, a diversidade de parasitas encontrados foi relevante. Informações adicionais sobre a endofauna parasitária em animais silvestres são necessárias, pois podem sugerir a interação e proximidade com animais domésticos e/ou o homem. Além disso, maiores estudos sobre os parasitas de animais silvestres de vida livre são primordiais para a compreensão da intensidade de alterações antrópicas no meio silvestre.

Environmentally associated ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Carrapatos (Acari: Ixodidae) associados com o ambiente em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Herein, we report tick species found on wild and domestic animals and in the environment during a one-year sampling period at the Brazilian Farming Research Company beef cattle unit (Embrapa Beef Cattle), which is located within the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. From 55 wild hosts including six different species (Nasua nasua, Cebus spp., Cerdocyon thous, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tamandua tetradactyla and Dasyprocta aguti), 323 ticks were collected. Amblyomma ovale ticks were found solely on coatis, and Amblyomma nodosum was identified solely on anteaters. No ticks were found on capuchin monkeys. However, Amblyomma cajennense was found on all parasitized host species with the exception of capuchin monkeys. Giant anteaters displayed the highest infestation abundance, with a mean of 53 ticks/animal. Environmental sampling yielded 166 adult A. cajennense ticks. The tick species found on domestic animals (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, R. sanguineus, Dermacentor nitens and A. cajennense) were those typically found on these hosts in Brazil. The most prevalent tick species, A. cajennense, was found on both wild and domestic animals and was also prevalent in the environment. Thus, this tick species is the primary vector that allows pathogens to bridge wild and domestic animals in the Cerrado.

Neste trabalho são descritas as espécies de carrapatos de animais selvagens e domésticos e do ambiente coletados por um ano na EMBRAPA Gado de Corte localizado na área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Dos 55 hospedeiros selvagens de seis espécies diferentes (Nasua nasua, Cebus spp.,Cerdocyon thous, Myrmecophaga tridactyla,Tamandua tetradactyla e Dasyprocta aguti) foram coletados 323 carrapatos. Amblyomma ovale foi encontrado apenas em quatis e Amblyomma nodosum apenas sobre tamanduás. Nenhum carrapato foi encontrado sobre macacos-prego. Por outro lado, Amblyomma cajennense foi encontrado em todos os hospedeiros com exceção dos macacos-pregos. A maior abundancia de infestação foi aquela em tamanduás-bandeira com média de 53 carrapatos/animal. No ambiente foram capturados 166 carrapatos, todos da espécie A. cajennense. As espécies de carrapatos em animais domésticos (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor nitens e A. cajennense) foram aquelas características nestes hospedeiros no Brasil. De forma geral a espécie de carrapato A. cajennense foi a mais prevalente sendo encontrada em animais domésticos e selvagens bem como no ambiente. Portanto, esta é a principal espécie de vetor a estabelecer uma ponte para bioagentes patogênicos entre animais domésticos e selvagens.

A geografia da mortalidade por homicídios em municípios da fronteira internacional do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul com o Paraguai / The geography of homicide mortality in municipalities of the international border in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay

Os homicídios têm sido responsáveis pelo aumento da mortalidade relacionada à violência no Brasil e trata-se de importante problema de saúde pública. A fronteira internacional é uma região considerada vulnerável do ponto de vista da segurança pública, por ser altamente visada para a realização de atividades ilícitas como o contrabando, o tráfico de drogas e de armas. A fronteira do Brasil com o Paraguai é considerada uma das mais ativas e também críticas do ponto de vista da segurança e da violência. O objetivo desse estudo é verificar a existência de um diferencial do risco de mortalidade por homicídios na região da fronteira internacional do Brasil com o Paraguai no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, identificando os seus principais determinantes, no período de 2005 a 2010. Trata-se de um estudo de correlação ecológica, retrospectivo no período de 2005-2010, com base de dados secundários de mortalidade por agressões no Mato Grosso do Sul com foco na fronteira internacional. Utilizaram-se dados disponíveis no DATASUS e no IBGE: óbitos captados pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), de indicadores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de cobertura de saúde. Para a análise de tendência, utilizou-se o software estatístico SPSS versão 13.0 aplicando-se testes estatísticos para análise das variáveis através de teste de correlação entre os indicadores de homicídios, demográficos, socioeconômicos e de cobertura de saúde, realizou-se a análise comparando-se três categorias geográficas (Linha, Faixa de Fronteira e Fora da Fronteira), e também entre as categorias geográficas (Fronteira e Fora da Fronteira), aplicou-se o método Bayesiano Empírico Local de suavização para controlar as flutuações aleatórias das taxas de homicídios e avaliação de Risco Relativo com tabelas de contingência para avaliação de exposição na região da Faixa de Fronteira em relação à região Fora da Fronteira. A análise estatística apontou correlações fracas e estatisticamente significativas entre as taxas de homicídios e os indicadores socioeconômicos e de cobertura de saúde. Verificou-se que os municípios da linha de fronteira possuem os piores indicadores socioeconômicos e as maiores taxas de homicídios em relação aos outros municípios da faixa de fronteira e de fora da fronteira para a população geral, em ambos os sexos, para a população na faixa etária de 15 a 24 anos e para a população indígena. A análise entre a faixa de fronteira e a região fora da fronteira mostrou resultados estatisticamente significativos com maiores taxas de homicídios na faixa de fronteira para a população na faixa etária de 15 a 24 anos, na população geral e para a população do sexo masculino no período de 2005 a 2010...

The killings have been responsible for the increased mortality associated with violence in Brazil and it is a important public health problem. The international border is a region considered vulnerable from the standpoint of public safety, to be highly targeted for illicit activities such as smuggling, trafficking in drugs and weapons. The border of Brazil with Paraguay is considered one of the most active and also critical from the point of view of safety and violence. The aim of this study is to verify the existence of a differential risk of homicides in the international border region of Brazil international with Paraguay in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, and to identify its main determinants in the period 2005-2010. This is an ecological correlation study, retrospective in the period 2005-2010, based on secondary data mortality assaults in Mato Grosso do Sul with a focus on the international border. We used data available in DATASUS and IBGE deaths captured by the Mortality Information System (SIM) of demographic, socioeconomic and health coverag. For trend analysis , we used the statistical software SPSS ® version 13.0 applying statistical tests to analyze the variables by testing the correlation between the indicators of homicide , demographic, socioeconomic and health coverage , conducted the analysis comparing three geographic categories (Line Banner Border and Outside the Border) , and also between geographic categories (Outside the Frontier and Frontier), applied the Local Empirical Bayes smoothing to control the random fluctuations of exchange homicides and evaluation of relative risk with contingency tables for assessing exposure in the region of the frontier Strip towards the region outside the boundary. The statistical analysis show weak but significant indicated low correlations between homicide rates and socioeconomic indicators and health coverage. It was found that the municipalities of the boundary line have the worst socioeconomic indicators and the highest homicide rates in relation to other municipalities along the border and outside the boundary for the general population , in both sexes , for the population in the age age 15-24 years and for the indigenous population . The analysis between the border strip and the region outside the boundary showed statistically significant results with higher homicide rates in the border for the population aged 15-24 years in the general population and the population of males between 2005-2010, the same occurring with the homicide rate among the indigenous population in 2010...

Mortalidade de bovinos zebuínos por hipotermia em Mato Grosso do Sul / Mortality of zebu cattle by hypothermia in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a ocorrência periódica de mortalidade de bovinos por hipotermia após inversão térmica no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. São relatados 16 surtos encaminhados ao Laboratório de Patologia Animal da FAMEZ/UFMS, ocorridos de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2010, em 13 municípios do Estado. O diagnóstico de hipotermia baseou-se na ocorrência de mortes após queda brusca de temperatura acompanhada de chuvas e ventos, simultaneamente em diversas propriedades, nos sinais clínicos observados e na ausência de lesões macro e microscópicas significativas. Em todos os surtos houve uma queda brusca de temperatura, de até 29ºC, em intervalos de um a quatro dias associada a chuva e vento. Na maioria das vezes a morte dos bovinos ocorreu em locais onde havia escassez de pasto e ausência de abrigos naturais ou artificiais. Os bovinos afetados estavam magros, com baixo escore corporal, e, em grande parte dos casos, eram encontrados mortos nos cantos das invernadas e próximos a cercas no dia seguinte à queda brusca da temperatura. Foram afetados bovinos de diferentes idades. Os sinais clínicos se caracterizavam por cegueira, incoordenação, dismetria, fraqueza, decúbito esternal, movimentos de pedalagem, opistótono, tremores musculares, e dificuldade respiratória e morte. Em 30 bovinos necropsiados os principais achados macroscópicos foram edema subcutâneo, cavitário e pulmonar, e, em alguns casos, histologicamente havia eosinofilia neuronal. A hipotermia é uma importante causa de mortalidade quando bovinos com pobre estado nutricional, pouca disponibilidade e qualidade dos pastos e ausência de abrigos naturais, são submetidos a uma condição de mudança climática com queda brusca de temperatura combinada com ventos fortes e chuvas.

This study describes the periodic mortality of cattle due to hypothermia after thermal inversion in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Sixteen outbreaks, reported to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology FAMEZ/UFMS, occurred from August 2000 to July 2010 in 13 municipalities of the state. The diagnosis of hypothermia was based on the occurrence of deaths after a sudden decrease in temperature accompanied by rain and wind in several farms simultaneously, on clinical signs and on the absence of significant macroscopic and microscopic lesions. In all outbreaks was a sudden fall of temperature up to29°C at intervals of one to four days together with rain and wind. Most deaths occurred in places with scarce pasture and lack of natural or artificial shelters. The affected cattle were lean, with low body score, and in most cases on the morning following sudden fall in temperature, they were found dead in the corners of wintering and near the fences. Cattle of different ages were affected. Clinical signs were characterized by apparent blindness, incoordination, dysmetria, weakness, sternal recumbency, paddling, opisthotonus, muscle tremors, difficulty in breathing and death. In 30 necropsied animals the main macroscopic findings were subcutaneous, cavity and pulmonary edema. Histologically in some cases neuronal eosinophilia was observed. Hypothermia is an important cause of mortality when cattle, not acclimated, with poor nutritional status, low availability and quality of pasture, and lack of natural shelter, are subjected to climate change with sudden fall in temperature combined with high winds and rain.