O que é autoestima para os analistas do comportamento? Uma revisão sistemática / What is self-esteem for behavioral analysts? A systematic review

A autoestima é um termo muito utilizado pelas pessoas no senso comum, mas ainda são necessários mais estudos para entendê-lo sob o ponto de vista comportamental. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de textos da Análise do Comportamento a respeito de autoestima. Foi realizada uma busca em três fontes diferentes: periódicos exclusivos de Análise do Comportamento; as coleções de livros Sobre Comportamento e Cognição e Comportamento em Foco; e na Scielo. No total, 16 textos preencheram os critérios, que eram a) ter a palavra "autoestima" no título b) ser um texto da Análise do Comportamento. Foram discutidas as definições de autoestima utilizadas, os participantes dos estudos, os estímulos usados em testes de medida implícita e os principais resultados. Nenhum dos textos analisados utilizou intervenções voltadas ao aumento da autoestima. Apesar de serem textos da abordagem comportamental, muitos dos estudos utilizam apenas definições e instrumentos não comportamentais. As principais conclusões da revisão foram: 1) ainda existem poucos estudos sobre autoestima na Análise do Comportamento; 2) ainda não existe uma definição comportamental bem construída, especialmente na literatura internacional.

Self-esteem is a term that is widely used in common sense, but more studies are still needed to understand it from a behavioral point of view. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of Behavior Analysis papers regarding self-esteem. A search was conducted in three different sources: Behavior Analysis journals; the book collections Sobre Comportamento e Cognição and Comportamento em Foco; and on Scielo. In total, 16 texts met the criteria, which were a) having the word "self-esteem" in the title and b) being a Behavior Analysis text. We discuss the definitions of self-esteem used, the participants in the studies, the stimuli used in the implicit measurement tests and the main results. None of the analyzed texts used interventions aimed to increase self-esteem. Even though they are texts of the behavioral approach, many of the studies only use non-behavioral definitions and instruments. The main conclusions of the review were: 1) there are still few studies on self-esteem in Behavior Analysis; 2) there is still no well-constructed behavioral definition, especially in international literature.

GUI development for SSDL to calibrate photon measuring equipment.

Current legislation mandates the inspection and calibration of operational survey radiation monitoring instruments used in nuclear medicine, radiotherapy departments, and other fields utilizing ionizing radiation sources. To comply with national and international radiation protection standards, Morocco's National Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory provides reliable calibration results with high accuracy and covers various measurement ranges using attenuators provided by the automated Gamma G10 irradiator or validated beam qualities produced by the X-ray irradiator type X80-320 kV. This study aims to develop a digital graphical user interface using Python programming language, designed for calibrating radiation protection measuring instruments . The interface is intended to facilitate all operations and calculations related to determining calibration factors and measurement uncertainties in accordance with the ISO 4037 standard, ensuring minimal processing time and minimizing potential error sources . The interface enables calculations to be recorded, as well as the establishment and electronic archiving of the calibration certificate and the report in PDF format using the Hypertext Preprocessor FPDF library (PHP FPDF). With the development of this interface, multiple instruments can be processed per day with high accuracy, streamlining the calibration process and improving efficiency.•The importance of compliance with international standards to ensure the quality and reliability of measurements in radiation protection was examined.•Description of X-ray and Gamma-ray irradiators designed for the calibration of radiation protection measuring instruments within the Secondary Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory (SSDL) which is a member of the WHO/IAEA network within the National Center for Radiation Protection of Morocco•Graphical User Interface using python for the calibration of photon measurement instruments for radiation protection purposes was developped.

Configuration of the Geometric State of Railway Tracks in the Sustainability Development of Electrified Traction Systems.

The state-space interface of the railway track (track) geometry system with an electrified traction system (ETS) constitutes the geometric configuration that is utilised in this study. Importantly, driving comfort, smooth operation (smooth running), and compliance with the ETS are the desired aims. Direct measurement methods were used in the interaction with the system, especially in regard to the fixed-point, visual, and expert methods. In particular, track-recording trolleys were used. The subjects belonging to the insulated instruments also included the integration of certain methods, such as in the brainstorming, mind mapping, system approach, heuristic, failure mode and effect analysis, and system failure mode effects analysis methods. These were based on a case study and are representative of three real objects, i.e., electrified railway lines, direct current (DC), and scientific research objects (which specifically cover five research objects). The aim of the scientific research work is to increase the interoperability of the railway track geometric state configurations in regard to the sustainability development of the ETS. The results of this work confirmed their validity. By ensuring that the six-parameter defectiveness D6 was defined and implemented, the D6 parameter of the railway track condition was first estimated. The new approach reinforces the improvement in preventive maintenance and reductions in corrective maintenance; moreover, it is an innovative supplement to the existing direct measurement method in the configuration of the geometric condition of railway tracks and in the sustainability development of the ETS via interacting with the indirect measurement method.

Key4OI Recommendations for Lung Function Guidance in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Based on an Internationally Performed Comprehensive International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Procedure.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary involvement in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) can be severe but may be overlooked in milder cases. The Care4BrittleBones Foundation initiated this project to develop a set of global outcome measures focusing on respiratory-related issues in patients with OI. The objective was to reach an international consensus for a standardized set of outcomes and associated measuring instruments for the pulmonary care of individuals with OI. Based on the initial tests and questionnaires, we suggest parameters for when pulmonologists should seek guidance from the growing literature on OI pulmonary care and/or recognized experts in the field. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The project team consisted of a multidisciplinary mix of 12 people from six countries, including an OI patient representative, and facilitated by the Care4BrittleBones Foundation director. The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) process was followed, which includes the Delphi method, used to collect the opinions of the expert team. Patient input was present in each meeting due to the inclusion of a patient representative. In addition, online focus groups were held. They consisted of adults with OI from different countries, and they determined which questions matter the most to the OI community worldwide. RESULTS: After three Delphi rounds, the expert team reached a consensus on the final set of measuring instruments, which included pulmonary function testing and patient self-reporting of symptoms related to breathing and sleep. Two questionnaires were decided upon: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (shortened version) and four questions regarding sleep. Patients should be screened for a history of pneumonia. Advanced testing for select patients by a pulmonologist would include further pulmonary function tests and a chest radiograph. CONCLUSIONS: A standardized set of outcome measures related to pulmonary care of individuals with OI was determined based on what is important to both experts and patients. This included patient-reported outcome measures and basic pulmonary function testing. Using these outcome measures, it can be determined which patients are at high risk for pulmonary complications.

Implementation of Non-Contact Temperature Distribution Monitoring Solutions for Railway Vehicles in a Sustainability Development System Transport.

The implementation of temperature sensors represented by thermal imaging cameras is becoming increasingly rational. It is playing an important role in the socio-economic environment, in industry, scientific-research work. The main objective of the work is to assess the quality of the railway vehicles in exploitation and their thermal insulation, localise thermal bridges, and the tightness of the body using the FLIR-E6390 thermal inspection camera. An integration of test methods (research methods) was used including a diagnostic method based on a thermographic study integrated with the system approach method and system failure mode effects analysis (SFMEA). The scientific-research work included studies of seven types of railway vehicles in exploitation. A number of conclusions were reached. Specifically providing implementation of innovative and non-contact temperature distribution monitoring solutions for railway vehicles in a sustainability development system transport. Demonstrated the disparities between the different types of vehicles. Next, the identification of critical elements of their thermal insulation, the location of thermal bridges, and the tightness of the body of the rail vehicles, particularly the doors and inter-unit connections. The study covered the state of consumption of stationary electricity (for non-traction needs), implementing innovative indicators for stationary electricity consumption of railway vehicles as a new approach.

Associations of Gait Speed, Cadence, Gait Stability Ratio, and Body Balance with Falls in Older Adults.

To investigate the association between gait speed (GS), cadence (CAD), gait stability ratio (GSR), and body balance (BB) with falls in a large sample of older adults. The analysis included 619 individuals-305 men and 314 women (69.50 ± 5.62 years)-residing in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. Mobility in GS, CAD, and GSR was assessed using the 50-foot walk test and BB by the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale. The frequency of falls was obtained by self-report. Linear regression analysis showed that higher performance in GS and BB was able to reduce the risk of falling by up to 0.34 and 0.44 times, respectively. An increase in the GSR value enhanced the risk of falling by up to 0.10 times. Multinomial analysis indicated that, in relation to the highest tertile (reference), older adults classified with GS and BB performance in the lowest tertile (lowest) had an increased chance (OR) of falling by up to 149.3% and 48.8%, respectively. Moreover, in relation to the highest tertile, the performance of the GSR classified in the lowest and medium tercile showed an increase in the chance of falling by up to 57.4% and 56.4%, respectively.

Chronic wound assessment: Cultural and linguistic adaptation for European Portuguese of RESVECH-2 scale.

INTRODUCTION: In order to assess and to follow up the evolution of chronic wounds, it is advisable to apply measurement scales. This procedure allows clinicians to verify the appropriateness of their activities and whether the healing process is evolving as expected. AIM: To conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of Portuguese version of RESVECH 2.0. METHODS: A quantitative and correlational study was designed and, to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of RESVECH 2.0, we followed the classic sequential approach for linguistic equivalence to European Portuguese. The study occurred at a Portuguese oncology hospital and the sample encompassed 281 patients with multiple chronic wounds. RESULTS: RESVECH 2.0 is a practical measurement instrument, easy to use, and well accepted by nurses to know all kinds of wounds' etiologies. The reliability test revealed an acceptable internal consistency and high proportion of agreement between two raters assessing the same patient. Construct validity was considered average/good and the principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation obtained six factors corresponding to 59.5% of explained variance. When comparing the domains from RESVECH 2.0 with those from BWAT we found statistically significant correlations. CONCLUSION: The adapted version of RESVECH 2.0 scale presents a good internal consistency and is valid for the Portuguese language and culture, being useful and effective in clinical practice.

[Evaluation of associations between barn characteristics, results of barn climate parameter measurements and health indicators in Swiss veal calf herds]. / Evaluation der Zusammenhänge zwischen Stallmerkmalen, gemessenen Stallklimaparametern und Indikatoren für Tiergesundheit in Schweizer Kälbermastbetrieben.

INTRODUCTION: Easy-to-use digital devices to measure climate parameters that can also be used in calf barns have become available commercially in recent years. Data collected in a prospective cohort study in 43 Swiss veal calf operations were evaluated with regard to validity of measured climate parameters, potential associations of those with barn features, and relationships between values of climate parameters and barn characteristics, respectively, with indicators of calf health. Barn parameters, such as ventilation system, access to an outdoor pen and barn size, were recorded, and temperature, air humidity, ammonia and carbone dioxide concentrations were measured at five different locations in each barn during an average of six farm visits over a year. Furthermore, continuous measurements of temperature and humidity (over a period of 72 hours each) were performed once in summer and once in winter in each farm. Whether barn parameters and measured barn climate values are associated as significant risk factors with indicators of calf health (antimicrobial use, mortality and daily weight gain) was explored with statistical methods. Values outside the optimal range were observed for all parameters measured punctually during farm visits and in all seasons. Values of temperature and humidity outside the optimal range were observed more often by continuous than by punctual measurements. Relevant correlations were observed neither among the barn climate values measured punctually nor among measured barn climate values and number of calves, barn surface, bedded surface and barn volume. High maximal group size and presence of mechanic ventilation were positively associated with high antimicrobial use, and high maximal group size and high number of fattening groups were associated with mortality >3%. Farms in lowland regions and high air volume per calf were positively associated with daily weight gain. None of the measured barn climate parameters was associated with the calf health indicators antimicrobial use, mortality and daily weight gain. Therefore, climate parameter measurements appear inadequate to predict calf health in veal fattening operations. The present results show that these (easily) measured parameters are difficult to interpret and should be considered critically.

INTRODUCTION: Des instruments de mesure digitaux faciles à l'emploi pour les paramètres climatiques, qui peuvent aussi être utilisés dans les étables, sont disponibles depuis quelque temps.Afin d'évaluer la validité des valeurs de paramètres du climat mesurées, d'éventuelles associations de ces mesures avec certaines caractéristiques des étables, et les relations des mesures de paramètres associés au climat, respectivement des spécificités des étables, avec des indicateurs de santé animale, des données récoltées dans le cadre d'une étude prospective dans 43 exploitations d'engraissement de veaux en Suisse ont été analysées. D'une part, différents paramètres des étables (tels que le système d'aération, l'accès à un enclos externe, la surface de l'étable) ont été répertoriés. D'autre part, des mesures ponctuelles de la température, de l'humidité de l'air et des concentrations d'ammoniac et de dioxide de carbone ont été effectuées à cinq endroits de chaque étable lors de visites d'exploitation (en moyenne six par ferme sur une durée d'une année). De plus, des mesures continues de la température et de l'humidité ont été conduites sur 72 heures, une fois en été et une fois en hiver, dans chaque exploitation. À l'aide de méthodes statistiques, on a évalué si les caractéristiques des étables et les valeurs de climat mesurées sont associées en tant que facteurs de risque significatifs avec les indicateurs de santé animale (usage d'antibiotiques, mortalité et gain de poids journalier). Lors des mesures ponctuelles, des valeurs en dehors des domaines optimaux ont été observées pour tous les paramètres mesurés et à chaque saison. Des valeurs en dehors des domaines optimaux pour la température et l'humidité ont été constatées plus souvent par les mesures continues que par les mesures ponctuelles. Aucune corrélation significatrice n'a été observée entre les valeurs des paramètres de climat mesurées ponctuellement ou entre les valeurs des paramètres du climat mesurées et le nombre de veaux présents dans l'étable, la surface totale de l'étable, la surface paillée ou le volume de l'étable. Les groupes comptant beaucoup de veaux et la présence d'une ventilation mécanique étaient associés positivement à un usage élevé d'antibiotiques. Les groupes comprenant beaucoup de veaux et la présence d'un grand nombre de groupes étaient associés avec un taux de mortalité supérieur à 3%. Les exploitations en zone de plaine et le volume d'air par veau étaient associés positivement avec le gain de poids journalier. Aucun des paramètres de climat mesurés ne montrait d'association avec les indicateurs de santé animale (usage des antibiotiques, mortalité et gain de poids journalier). Ils semblent donc être inadéquats pour évaluer la santé des veaux dans des exploitations d'engraissement. Nos résultats montrent que les mesures de paramètres du climat sont difficiles à interpréter et doivent être considérés de manière critique.

3D Finite Element Analysis of a Concrete Dam Behavior under Changing Hydrostatic Load: A Case Study.

In this study, a large arch-gravity Moste Dam was analyzed, where an automated system for the measurements of horizontal displacements of the upper part of the dam was established. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analyses of dam behavior, taking into account the earth pressures and the hydrostatic load, using the finite element method (FEM)-based computer program DIANA, were performed. The influence of lowering the water level of the reservoir by 6.2 m, on the horizontal displacements of the upper part of the dam, at stationary temperature conditions, was investigated. It was found that the results of the performed 2D and 3D FEM analyses fitted in very well with the result of experimentally determined measurement of horizontal displacements (which was 0.48 mm in the upstream direction) that was obtained using a hanging pendulum. An additional comparison of the results of 3D calculations showed that the finite element mesh density had a small effect on the calculated horizontal displacements.

Adaptación lingüística y psicométrica del Cuestionario de Estilos Atributivos Académicos (EAT-A) / Linguistic and psychometric adaptation of the Academic Attributional Style Questionnaire (EAT-A)

Resumen Antecedentes las atribuciones que los estudiantes hacen de sus resultados académicos pueden impactar en su rendimiento académico. Sin embargo, la medición de las atribuciones en este ámbito con frecuencia carece de evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. Objetivos: analizar la estructura factorial, validez convergente y confiabilidad de la adaptación para estudiantes mexicanos del Cuestionario de Estilos Atributivos Académicos (EAT-A). Método: participaron 557 estudiantes de ambos sexos, entre 15 y 19 años, de la Ciudad de México. Mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio se sometió a prueba una estructura del EATA con siete factores y otra con cuatro que no distingue las atribuciones de éxito y fracaso. Se analizó la validez convergente, la consistencia interna y la confiabilidad compuesta del instrumento. Resultados: solo la estructura con siete factores presentó ajuste adecuado, con los índices RMSEA = .046; SRMR = .053; CFI = .961; TLI = .952 y χ²/gl = 2.72. El EAT-A muestra evidencias de validez convergente con la motivación de logro y de confiabilidad. Conclusión: El EAT-A se muestra como un instrumento de medida breve y fácil aplicación que dispone de evidencias de validez y estimación de confiabilidad para examinar las atribuciones que los estudiantes hacen de sus calificaciones.

Abstract Background Students' attributions of their grades may affect their academic performance. However, lack of evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the instruments measuring attribution is a major concern. Objective: To analyze the factor structure, convergent validity and reliability of the Academic Attributional Style Questionnaire adapted to Mexican high school students (EAT-A). Method: The sample consisted of 557 Mexico City students of both sexes aged between 15 and 19. Using a confirmatory factor analysis for both success and failure attributions, a 7-factor structure and a 4-factor structure of the EAT-A were tested. The instrument's convergent validity, internal consistency and reliability were examined. Results: Only the 7-factor structure showed adequate fit indices: RMSEA = .046; SRMR = .053; CFI = .961; TLI = .952 and χ²/gl = 2.72. In addition, the EAT-A evidenced convergent validity concerning success and reliability motivation. Conclusion: The EAT-A is a quick- and easyto- administer instrument for measuring students' attributions of their grades in a reliable and valid manner.

Escala de Eficácia Docente para Práticas Inclusivas: Validação da Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale / Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale Validation

RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale. A versão traduzida e adaptada à cultura brasileira denomina-se Escala de Eficácia Docente para Práticas Inclusivas (EEDPI) e foi aplicada a uma amostra de 308 professores de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I e II, no interior do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória evidenciou que suas propriedades psicométricas são adequadas, bem como a existência de dois fatores, nomeados "Regência em sala de aula" e "Planejamento e colaboração". A mesma amostra também respondeu à Escala de autoeficácia de professores: versão breve, considerada "padrão-ouro", a fim de avaliarmos o grau de eficácia da EEDPI em medir o que se propõe, a partir da relação com um critério externo. A Análise de Correlação de Spearman revelou a existência de uma correlação positiva entre as subescalas dos instrumentos, oscilando entre moderada e forte. A EEDPI ainda apresenta boa consistência interna (coeficientes de Alfa de Cronbach 0,89, 0,88 e 0,92) e mostra-se um instrumento que pode auxiliar na avaliação e no acompanhamento da autoeficácia docente diante da inclusão e na proposição das intervenções oportunas.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale. The version translated and adapted to Brazilian culture is called Escala de Eficácia Docente para Práticas Inclusivas (EEDPI) and was applied to a sample of 308 teachers of Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education I and II, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The Factorial Exploratory Analysis showed that its psychometric properties are adequate, as well as the existence of two factors, named "Classroom management" and "Planning and collaboration". The same sample also responded to the Teacher self-efficacy Scale: short version, considered "gold standard", in order to evaluate the efficacy of the EEDPI in measuring what it proposes, based on the relation with an external criterion. Spearman's Correlation Analysis revealed the existence of a positive correlation between the subscales of the instruments, ranging from moderate to strong. The EEDPI still presents good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficients 0.89, 0.88 and 0.92) and it is an instrument that can aid in the evaluation and monitoring of teacher self-efficacy in view of the inclusion and proposition of the appropriate interventions.

Analysis of inter-laboratory comparison results of noise measuring instruments / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the interlaboratory comparison results of noise measuring instruments in the occupational hygiene technical service institutions. METHODS: The basic performance data, multi-frequency acoustic calibration measurement results and simulated workplace noise at fixed points of 60 noise measuring instruments were collected. The instruments were from 60 occupational health technical service institutions who participate in the inter-laboratory comparison study in noise measuring instruments. The results of the measurements were analyzed using quartile robust statistical technology and z score evaluation method.RESULTS: All 60 participating comparison noise measuring instruments were examined or calibrated, and 58 instruments(96.7%) were used within the term of validity of examination or calibration. The 58 instruments were tested by multi-frequency noise calibration measurement. The comparative passing rate of the instrument accuracy was 94.8%(55/58); and the linearity test passing rate was 87.9%(51/58). There were 59 instruments participated in the simulated workplace noise at fixed points. The z-score pass rate of the two comparison measurement points was 89.8%(53/58). A total of 57 enterprises participated all the instrument performance comparison tests, with a pass rate of 94.7%(54/57). CONCLUSION: Performance of noise measuring instruments from the occupational hygiene technical service institutions is generally good. However, there are a small number of instruments have poor accuracy and linearity, and there are measurement bias that require improvement.

Data set about local mapping of the Earth's magnetic field.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Magnetic field and its experimental measurement in teaching in high schools" (J. Benuska, D. Polcin, 2016) [1]. The article describes the possibilities of relatively accurate experimental measurement of magnetic field in any geographical conditions, in both exteriors and interiors, without the need for special instrumentation, with minimal financial costs. The data set is publicly available to allow the comparison of magnetic induction values in given latitudes with the other latitudes by the given methods and a critical analysis of the applicability of these methods in areas and locations without more demanding instrumentation.

Salud bucodental relacionada a la calidad de vida: revisión crítica de los instrumentos de medición / Oral health related quality of life: a critical review of measuring instruments

Un creciente reconocimiento de la importancia de la calidad de vida en odontología ha llevado al desarrollo de varios instrumentos para medir su relación con la salud bucodental. Saber por qué y de qué manera la salud bucodental afecta la calidad de vida de las personas es relevante para la práctica, la investigación y la enseñanza en odontología. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue actualizar los conocimientos sobre las características generales y sicométricas de los instrumentos para medir la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucodental que surgieron posterior a la publicación en 1997 de los resultados de la conferencia "Measuring oral health and quality of life”. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para identificar publicaciones aparecidas de enero de 1998 a junio del 2011, utilizando las bases de datos MEDLINE y GOOGLE académico. Se establecieron criterios específicos, basados en marcos de referencia internacionales, para la inclusión, la recolección y el análisis de las propiedades generales y sicométricas de los instrumentos. Se identificaron 233 artículos de los cuales 10 cumplían con todos los criterios predeterminados y finalmente quedaron 9 porque uno de ellos se encontraba repetido. Todas las publicaciones fueron encontradas en lengua inglesa. Todos los instrumentos fueron multidimensionales, presentaron propiedades sicométricas adecuadas y la mayoría de ellos tomó como base a otros instrumentos de medición previos y a la clasificación de deficiencias y discapacidades. Se concluye que es necesario avanzar en la medición de salud bucodental relacionada a la calidad de vida para el contexto y las características de la población de América Latina ya que sólo se cuenta con publicaciones anglosajonas.

There is growing recognition of the importance of oral health-related quality of life.This has given rise to the development of various instruments to measure therelationship between quality of life and oral health. Understanding why and how oralhealth affects quality of life is highly relevant to the research, teaching and practice ofprofessional dentistry. The objective of this literature review was to update theknowledge about the general and psychometric characteristics of instruments tomeasure quality of life related to oral health that emerged after the publication in 1997of the results of the conference "Measuring oral health and quality of life”. We conducted a literature review using MEDLINE and GOOGLE Scholar databases to identifypublications that appeared between January, 1998 and June, 2011. We used commoninternational frames of reference to establish specific search criteria for the inclusion,collection, and analysis of the general and psychometric properties of the instruments.We identified 233 articles, ten of which met all the established criteria. Ultimately wereduced this number to nine because one of the articles was a duplicate. All identifiedarticles were in English. All instruments identified through the literature review weremultidimensional and had adequate psychometrtic properties. The majority ofinstruments was based on prior measurement tools and the classification of impairmentsand disabilities. We conclude that to advance the measurement of oral health-relatedquality of life, the specific context and characteristics of the Latin American populationshould be taken into account. So far, this topic has only been addressed in Englishlanguage publications.

[Dementia in the focus of health research : A comparative analysis of current ageing studies]. / Demenz im Fokus der Gesundheitsforschung : Eine vergleichende Analyse aktueller Altersstudien.

Health research on an increasingly aging population calls for careful consideration of aging-associated phenomena, such as dementia. Accounting for such diseases is a necessary step for gaining a view of health in the elderly. It is moreover imperative to gather data on subjects' mental limitations in surveys to better evaluate the validity of answers disclosed by elderly participants. This article discusses the availability of data on individuals suffering from dementia in national studies on aging. It centers on the question of how surveys respond to the challenge of diagnosing dementia. The analysis is based on a literature review, which focuses on national studies on aging that were conducted no later than 2005, and that enforced an upper age limit of at least 79 years old for their subjects. By evaluating these published studies, and analyzing their data descriptively, it was determined how many subjects suffering from dementia were part of each sample, and which methods were applied to diagnose such illnesses. Overall, the availability of data on age and aging is satisfactory in Germany. The literature review discovered seven studies on aging, as well as five that lend themselves to a framework oriented toward research on aging. The number of subjects suffering from dementia in the samples is between 0 and 14% - over half of the studies reach less than 1.5% of those affected. These results thus point out problems in surveying individuals suffering from dementia. They highlight the limitations of studies on aging that do not account for dementia in their subjects. The following discussion aims to contribute to the debate on relevant research methodology, and to the development of methodological approaches that consider dementia as a crucial factor.

The Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) as a valid alternative for measuring the functional capacity of people with haemophilia.

BACKGROUND: There are several scales for evaluating the functional capacity of people with haemophilia (PWH). OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value and simplicity of the "Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index" (HAQ-DI) for making a functional assessment of PWH in those contexts in which the specific physical assessment scales cannot be used [Functional Independence Score in Haemophilia (FISH) and Haemophilia Activities List (HAL)]. The HAQ-DI is a validated generic self-administered questionnaire that is completed in <5min. METHODS: Data was collected on the physical and functional status of 62 adult PWH having haemophilia. Their average age was 34.7 years. The impairment of the PWH was assessed using the generic self-administrable functionality questionnaire (HAQ-DI) and the following scales: The "World Federation of Haemophilia Physical Examination Score" (WFH-PES) and the Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 (HJHS 2.1). We evaluated the correlation between generic HAQ-DI score and physical assessment scores WFH-PES, HJHS 2.1 (correlation analysis). RESULTS: The correlation between WFH-PES and HAQ-DI showed a Spearman's correlation coefficient of r=0.804 (p<0.05). The correlation between HJHS 2.1 and HAQ-DI showed a Spearman's correlation coefficient of r=0.823 (p<0.05). A positive and fairly strong correlation was found between them. CONCLUSIONS: The presented associations established the application of HAQ-DI as a PROXY clinical indicator of functional status. HAQ-DI is a valid alternative for assessing functional capacity in adult PWH, especially in cases in which, for some reason, it is not possible to use other tools that are specific for haemophilia. Clinical practice needs a less time demanding assessment tools.

Validation of the Hungarian version of Carlson's Work-Family Conflict Scale.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Work-family conflict has been associated with adverse individual (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorders), organizational (e.g., absenteeism, lower productivity), and societal outcomes (e.g., increased use of healthcare services). However, lack of standardized measurement has hindered the comparison of data across various cultures. The purpose of this study was to develop the Hungarian version of Carlson et al.'s multidimensional Work-Family Conflict Scale and establish its reliability and validity. METHODS: In a sample of 557 employees (145 men and 412 women), we conducted confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the factor structure and factorial invariance of the instrument across sex and data collection points and evaluated the tool's validity by assessing relationships between its dimensions and scales measuring general, marital, and job-related stress, depressive symptomatology, vital exhaustion, functional somatic symptoms, and social support. RESULTS: Our results showed that a six-factor model, similarly to that of the original instrument, fit the data best. Internal consistency of the six dimensions and the whole instrument was adequate. Convergent and divergent validity of the instrument and discriminant validity of the dimensions were also supported by our data. CONCLUSION: This study provides empirical support for the validity and reliability of the Hungarian version of the multidimensional Work-Family Conflict Scale. Deployment of this measure may allow for the generation of data that can be compared to those obtained in different cultural settings with the same instrument and hence advance our understanding of cross-cultural aspects of work-family conflict.

Perspectivas conceituais e instrumentos para avaliação de funcionalidade em pacientes com esquizofrenia / Conceptual perspectives and instruments for functional evaluation in patients with schizophrenia / Perspectivas conceptuales e instrumentos de evaluación de funcionalidad en pacientes con esquizofrenia

Pacientes diagnosticados com esquizofrenia apresentam déficits variados e podem necessitar de cuidados e acompanhamento constantes. Entender os aspectos da funcionalidade desses pacientes torna-se essencial para compreender o transtorno de forma mais completa. Para isso, é necessário identificar as perspectivas conceituais de funcionalidade e verificar os instrumentos disponíveis para avaliar esse fenômeno. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa em artigos científicos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Em relação às perspectivas conceituais, os resultados apontaram aspectos cognitivos e sintomas negativos enquanto variáveis preditoras da funcionalidade, e os aspectos constituintes do construto funcionalidade foram sintetizados em um modelo composto por dois domínios: objetivo e subjetivo. Foram encontrados 43 instrumentos utilizados para avaliar a funcionalidade em pacientes com esquizofrenia. Desses, 36 instrumentos, apesar de terem sido utilizados em pacientes com esquizofrenia, não eram específicos para esse contexto. Sugere-se que instrumentos sejam desenvolvidos e adaptados para o contexto dos pacientes com esquizofrenia levando em consideração o conhecimento e perspectivas conceituais já existentes na área. (AU)

Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia present varied deficits and may require constant care and company. Understanding the functional aspects of these patients becomes essential to understanding the disorder more fully. For this, the conceptual perspectives of functionality must be identified, and the instruments available to evaluate this phenomenon must be verified. An integrative review was conducted on scientific articles in Portuguese and English. Regarding the conceptual perspectives, the results pointed out cognitive aspects and negative symptoms as variables predicting functionality, and the constituent aspects of the construct functionality were synthesized in a model composed of two domains: objective and subjective. We found 43 instruments used to evaluate functionality in patients with schizophrenia. Of these, 36 instruments, although they were used in patients with schizophrenia, were not specific to this context. It is suggested that instruments be developed and adapted to the context of patients with schizophrenia taking into account the knowledge and conceptual perspectives already existing in the area. (AU)

Pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia presentan déficit variable y pueden requerir cuidado y acompañamiento constante. Es fundamental entender los aspectos de funcionalidad de esos pacientes para poder comprender el transtorno de esquizofrenia de forma más completa. Se necesitan identificar las perspectivas conceptuales de funcionalidad y verificar los instrumentos disponibles para evaluar ese fenómeno. Con este objetivo, fue realizada una revisión integrativa de artículos científicos en el idioma portugués e inglés. En cuanto a las perspectivas conceptuales, los resultados señalaron aspectos cognitivos y síntomas negativos, mientras que variables predictoras de la funcionalidad, y los aspectos que constituyen el constructo de funcionalidad, fueron sintetizados en un modelo compuesto por dos dominios: objetivo y subjetivo. Se encontraron 43 instrumentos utilizados para evaluar la funcionalidad en pacientes con esquizofrenia. Entre los instrumentos encontrados, 36 a pesar de haber sido utilizados en pacientes con esa enfermedad, no eran específicos para ese contexto. Se sugiere que los instrumentos deben desarrollarse y adaptarse al contexto de los pacientes con esquizofrenia teniendo en cuenta el conocimiento y las perspectivas conceptuales existentes en la literatura. (AU)

Description, measurement and evaluation of tertiary-education food environments.

Obesity in young adults is an increasing health problem in Australia and many other countries. Evidence-based information is needed to guide interventions that reduce the obesity-promoting elements in tertiary-education environments. In a food environmental audit survey, 252 outlets were audited across seven institutions: three universities and four technical and further education institutions campuses. A scoring instrument called the food environment-quality index was developed and used to assess all food outlets on these campuses. Information was collated on the availability, accessibility and promotion of foods and beverages and a composite score (maximum score=148; higher score indicates healthier outlets) was calculated. Each outlet and the overall campus were ranked into tertiles based on their 'healthiness'. Differences in median scores for each outcome measure were compared between institutions and outlet types using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffe's testing, χ 2 tests, Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Binomial logistic regressions were used to compare the proportion of healthy v. unhealthy food categories across different types of outlets. Overall, the most frequently available items were sugar-sweetened beverages (20 % of all food/drink items) followed by chocolates (12 %), high-energy (>600 kJ/serve) foods (10 %), chips (10 %) and confectionery (10 %). Healthy food and beverages were observed to be less available, accessible and promoted than unhealthy options. The median score across all outlets was 72 (interquartile range=7). Tertiary-education food environments are dominated by high-energy, nutrient-poor foods and beverages. Interventions to decrease availability, accessibility and promotion of unhealthy foods are needed.

Escala de autoeficácia no aconselhamento de carreira: adaptação e evidências de validade / Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (CCSES): Adaptation and validity evidences / Escala de Autoeficacia de Consejería de Carrera: adaptación y evidencias de validez

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo adaptar e obter evidências de validade para a escala de autoeficácia no aconselhamento de carreira (Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale – CCSES) para uso em contexto brasileiro. Participaram deste estudo 126 orientadores profissionais, de ambos os sexos, das cinco regiões do país. O processo de adaptação e validação foi realizado em duas etapas: validação de conteúdo e validação fatorial. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os procedimentos de análise adotados comprovam parcialmente a estrutura teórica do instrumento original, com quatro dimensões. Os indicadores de fidedignidade foram satisfatórios, tanto para a escala total quanto para as subescalas. A escala adaptada é mais condensada que a original, sendo composta por 19 itens. A versão brasileira da CCSES mostrou indicadores psicométricos adequados, e pode ser utilizada em diagnóstico da autoeficácia no aconselhamento de carreira e em futuras pesquisas com orientadores profissionais brasileiros.(AU)

This study aimed to adapt and obtain validity evidence for use of the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (CCSES) in Brazil. One hundred twenty-six career counselors participated in the study, of both sexes, from five regions of Brazil. The adaptation and validation process was performed in two stages: content validation and factorial validity. The results indicated that the adopted analytical procedures partially confirm the theoretical structure of the original instrument, with four dimensions. The reliability indicators were satisfactory for both the total scale and for the subscales. The adapted scale is more condensed than the original, consisting of 19 items. Thus, the Brazilian version of the CCSES proved to be psychometrically suitable for use as a diagnostic tool for career counseling self-efficacy and in future research with career counselors in Brazil.(AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y obtener evidencias de validez para de la Escala de Autoeficacia en Consejería de Carrera (EAAC) para su uso en el contexto brasileño. En el estudio participaron 126 consejeros profesionales, de ambos sexos, de las cinco regiones del país. El proceso de adaptación y validación se llevó a cabo en dos etapas: la validación del contenido y validez factorial. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los procedimientos analíticos adoptados demuestran la estructura teórica del instrumento original, con cuatro dimensiones. Los indicadores del fiabilidad fueron satisfactorios tanto para la escala total y las subescalas, pero la escala validada en Brasil es más condensada que la original, que consta de 19 artículos. La versión brasileña de la EEAC, demostró psicométricamente adecuados para su uso como una herramienta de diagnóstico de la auto-eficacia en la orientación profesional y la investigación futura con mentores profesionales.(AU)