The Moral Authority of Consensus.

Prompted by recent comments on the moral authority of dialogic consensus, we argue that consensus, specifically dialogic consensus, possesses a unique form of moral authority. Given our multicultural era and its plurality of values, we contend that traditional ethical frameworks or principles derived from them cannot be viewed substantively. Both philosophers and clinicians prioritize the need for a decision to be morally justifiable, and also for the decision to be action-guiding. We argue that, especially against the background of our pluralistic society, it is only via unforced dialogue and properly founded argumentation, aiming for consensus, that we can ascribe rightness or wrongness in a normative fashion to dilemmatic situations. We argue that both the process of dialogue, properly constituted, and the consensual outcome itself have moral authority vested within them. Finally, we argue that the consensual decision made is able to withstand moral scrutiny and is action-guiding, without claiming absolute moral authority in other contexts.

Re-Examining the idea of internal morality in medicine.

This article considers the idea of medicine's internal morality as it is understood by its various proponents. Although the use of the phrase 'internal morality' in relation to medicine predates Edmund Pellegrino, he can be credited with cementing its place in the vocabulary of medical ethics. Yet, while 'internal morality' and its related terms are now readily recognizable, they are used to denote irreconcilable ideas. Our aims, therefore, are to, firstly, clarify and, secondly, evaluate the different uses of 'internal morality', showing that there is little agreement on its definition. Thirdly, we argue that the terminology relating to 'internal morality' requires substantial revision, and that the term itself should be jettisoned. Finally, we briefly set out our own account of how morality should be understood in relation to the practice of medicine along similar but clearer lines to Pellegrino.

A spoonful of care ethics: The challenges of enriching medical education.

BACKGROUND: Nursing Ethics has featured several discussions on what good care comprises and how to achieve good care practices. We should "nurse" ethics by continuously reflecting on the way we "do" ethics, which is what care ethicists have been doing over the past few decades and continue to do so. Ethics is not limited to nursing but extends to all caring professions. In 2011, Elin Martinsen argued in this journal that care should be included as a core concept in medical ethical terminology because of "the harm to which patients may be exposed owing to a lack of care in the clinical encounter," specifically between doctors and patients. However, Martinsen leaves the didactical challenges arising from such a venture open for further enquiry. OBJECTIVES: In this article, we explore the challenges arising from implementing care-ethical insights into medical education. RESEARCH DESIGN: Medical education in the Netherlands is investigated through a "care-ethical lens". This means exploring the possibility of enriching medical education with care-ethical insights, while at the same time discovering possible challenges emerging from such an undertaking. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: This paper has been written from the academic context of a master in care ethics and policy. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: We have tried to be fair and respectful to the authors discussed and take a neutral stance towards the findings portrayed. FINDINGS: Several challenges are identified, which we narrow down to two types: didactical and non-didactical. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In order to overcome these challenges, we must not underestimate the possible resistance to a paradigm shift. Our efforts should mainly target the learning that takes place in the clinical phases of medical training and should be accompanied by the creation of awareness in healthcare practice.

Analysis of Problems with cultivating medical morality for medical students and relevant reasons / 中国医学伦理学

The research carried out a questionnaire regarding education of medical morality at four medical colleges in Fujian province, it found some problems existed, for example, the education of medical morality is ful-filled without knowing medical classical works, being short of systematicness, having no reviewing and encouraging mechanism. The article discusses the cause of the problem. ,with the reality of theInternet +, the characteris-tics of the medical students′education pattern and the characteristics of the medical ethics education.

The Concept of Medical Scientific Research from the Ethics Interpretation / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Ethical issues have been the kind of problems that we have to face in medical research.The article,from the perspective of ethical problems in medical research,on the basis of analyzing the reasons and harms of the problem,puts forward the following strategies,such as,strengthen ethical consciousness of the medical scientific research personnel,reinforce ethical responsibility of the medical scientific research personnel,play the role of supervision by the ethical review,improve the scientific management system and system construction.In order to realize the medical purpose,we must put heart and soul into for the people the mental and physical health services.

The four processes of sensation,experience,acceptance and absorption in medical ethics education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To adapt to the conversion from the traditional biological medical model to biological,psychological and social medicine model,we claim the four processes of sensation,experience,acceptance and absorption in medical ethics education,aiming to establish the harmonious relationship in medical treatment,and at the same time bear the task of developing themedical and health services of socialism.

Carrying on Tradition,Focusing on Integration and Creating Humanistic Characteristics of Medical University Education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article is oriented from Southern Medical University's long-term humanities caliber education practice.It summarizes successful practices and the distinctive characteristics,namely inheriting medicine humanities and army eminent tradition,Lingnan cultural integration and commitment to make the science spirit and the humanities spirit into organic combination.

History on the Lecture of History of Medicine at Kyungpook National University School of Medicine / 의사학

This paper refers to the History on the Lecture of History of Medicine at Kyungpook National University School of Medicine since 1961 when assistant professor KIM Jyung-Myung, MD of Department of Clinical Pathology started this lecture of history of medicine to the freshman class to improve the medical morality among professors, students and physicians after the nation-wide 4 19 revolution against dictatorial government. At that time an immoral faculty and several government patronized faculties were expulsed by students on the above revolution. On the lecture dictation was used for the first time and merged to prints(KIM Jay-Sik, MD and KIM Jyung-Myung, MD), followed by published textbook(1979, revised on 1986) of Professor KIM Jyung-Myung. However our department faculties haven't entered the Korean Society for the History of Medicine until this time because of short of manpower and lack of the independent department(Department of History of Medicine). We are going to set up the Department at our Medical School in 1998 and to study about the improvement of medical education through the lecture of the history of medicine on the comparison of the current oriental and western medicine, and the unification of Korean medical system(modern medicine and Chinese medicine).

Revelation in the Face of Medical Morality Nurturance and Medical Logos Spirit / 中国医学伦理学

Taking medical morality unrturance of systematicness and practicality,the medical workers and medical students should have a soberly and definitely understand,and hold idea to bringing society effect and basic request of medical morality,meaning of medical aim and peristing in making good morality,medical morality culture,and setting medical logos spirit and etc problems.It is a realism proposition for perspicuiting basic elements and inertia factors of medical logos spirit,and unity od medical ought and medical logos spirit.

Brief Discussing Medical Workers' Good Image in New Periods / 中国医学伦理学

Stressing discussion from the angle of medical morality, the paper expounds that medical workers should have a good image in new periods. It gives the opitions of how to build up a good image as well.

A Study on Medical Morality from the Perspective of Medical Technology Ethics——A Rational Thinking on Physician-Patient Relationship / 中国医学伦理学

The development of medical technology draws the doctor-patient relationship ever closer.However,the abundance and complexity of medical knowledge and technology make it a difficult task for medical personnel to grasp medical knowledge and skills,setting up a higher request for handling physician-patient relationship.Besides,medical disputes between doctors and patients caused by the abuse of medical technology in clinical practice also contribute to the contradiction between the advancement of medical technology and the latency of medical morality.Therefore,it is one important part in the study on medical morality from the perspective of medical technology ethics to take a rational view on the development of medical technology and construct a harmonious physician-patient relationship.

Restricting Factors of the Construction of the Medical Morality and Countermeasures / 中国医学伦理学

Current resource of medical morality is in shortage.When emphasizing the exterior supervision of the government,we should put more emphasis on the exterior restricting factors which are more profound,such as the excursion of the norm to the experts,the excessive market-orientation of medical innovation,the shortage of financial devotion,the deficiency of hospital management system.To solve the above problems,a fair medical surrounding is to be built,a patients association be established,and the social honesty and credit mechanism be rebuilt.

Current Problems in Medical Morality and Ethics Construction and Countermeasures / 中国医学伦理学

This thesis analyzes the current problems in the medical morality and ethics among medical staff,including the insufficiency of service conception,excessive emphasis on personal economic benefits,and the absence of basic morality,and points out the importance of medical morality and ethics construction.Concrete suggestions are also raised from the aspects of strengthening the moral education of serving the people,establishing an overall supervision mechanism,and generally improving medical service quality.

The Design of Responsible Government in the Construction of Medical Morality / 中国医学伦理学

The current state of medical morality has brought the important function of social management to the government,such as strengthen the construction of medical morality and improve the doctor-patient relationship.The government must work hard to build the harmonious doctor-patient relationship,play the active role in the construction of medical morality,and form the building state of medical morality in the guidance of the government.The responsible government can crack the moral muddle of the choice in a dilemma,solve the complication of the "government failure",exert the effect of macro-control regulation,and provide an effective system safe-guide for the construction of medical morality.

An essay on strengthening the construction of medical morality and medical manners / 中华医院管理杂志

Education and Legal System are the first two approaches needed to be fully applied to strength- en the construction of medical morality and medical manners.Much attention shall be paid to the theory and ideological education of the professional morality.Meanwhile,medical staffs shall keep their medical behaviors and economic behaviors within the bounds of laws.Three points shall be emphasized in the course of strength- ening construction of medical morality and medical manners: a)change of minds; b)strict compliance with the rules and regulations; and c)big efforts to strengthen the construction of medical quality as its core.In order to further strengthen the construction of medical morality and medical manners,outline of the relevant teaching material shall be compiled; regulation mechanisms to both the medical staffs and patients shall be amplified; and current pricing systems in hospitals of high drug expenses and low charge of medical service shall be re- formed.

Relationship of Mammonism Phenom and Medical Morality Dead-line with Duties of Medical Risk / 中国医学伦理学

That sparkplugs and cognizances caution of medical morality base line is a realistic proposition that to spurn mammonism phenomenon filters medical service industry and enhances diathesis of medical affairs personnel.Medical service incited by mammonism phenomenon forms a menace to the medical base line,it is important inducement of medical action of getting out of line,and duties of medical risk and complaints of medical comsumer.Mammonism phenomenon form a nubbin quoted by medical morality base line and duties of medical risk.

The Discussion on Ethics in the Process of Dental Prosthesis / 中国医学伦理学

Restoring function and cosmetics are both the goals of dental prosthesis. We discuss the principles of medical morality in the process of dental prosthesis. On the view of medical ethics, we also propose some methods to avoid the dissension between doctor and patient in the process.

Meditation on the Foundation Micro-Regulating Model of Medical Morality / 中国医学伦理学

The construction of medical morality is linked closely with medical management.The foundation of micro-regulating model of medical morality can strengthen the management of medical morality,and make up for the deficiencies of the construction of medical morality;meanwhile,it can also enlarge the connatation of medical morality construction.

The Development of Medical Modes and the Changing of Patient-Doctor Relationship / 中国医学伦理学

The patient doctor relationship,as the essential part of medical relationship, is inevitably influenced by the medical views and develops with the evolvement of medical modes. Understanding the inner logical relationships between the medical mode and the patient-doctor relationship can facilitate the further research on the patient-doctor relationship. Currently, we should choose the mode of the patient-doctor relationship on the basis of respecting patient, emphasizing the obligation, motivating the activity of patients, and constructing an honesty-trust relationship between patient and doctor, which will make it easy to understand the ethical request of the constructing of patient-doctor relationship and make the definition of the patient doctor relationship clearer.

The Possibility and Necessity of the Structure of Moral Personality of the Ideological and Political Workers in Hospitals / 中国医学伦理学

The ideological and political workers in hospitals are organizers and executors of the hospitals'moral construction. The changeability and plasticity of the moral personality of them make it possible to found their moral personalities.The function of the moral personalities of ideological and political workers in hospitals and the practical need for the structure of hospital's morality show clearly that it is necessary to found their moral personalityes.