Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPS) in pediatric primary care.

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to global health. Optimizing the use of antibiotics is a key measure to prevent and control this problem. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) are designed to improve clinical outcomes, minimize adverse effects and protect patients, and to ensure the administration of cost-effective treatments. Inappropriate use of antibiotics also occurs in pediatric clinical practice. For this reason, ASPs should include specific objectives and strategies aimed at pediatricians and families. Implementing these programs requires the involvement of institutions and policy makers, healthcare providers as well as individuals, adapting them to the characteristics of each healthcare setting. Pediatric primary care (PPC) faces specific issues such as high demand and immediacy, scarce specialized professional resources, difficulties to access regular training and to obtain feedback. This requires the design of specific policies and strategies to achieve the objectives, including structural and organizational measures, improvement of the information flow and accessibility to frequent trainings. These programs should reach all health professionals, promoting regular trainings, prescription support tools and supplying diagnostic tests, with adequate coordination between health care levels. Periodic evaluations and surveillance tools are useful to assess the impact of the actions taken and to provide feedback to health providers in order to adapt and improve their clinical practice to meet ASPs objectives.

Programas de optimización del uso de antibióticos (PROA) en pediatría de atención primaria / Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPS) in pediatric primary care

La resistencia a antibióticos supone una amenaza para la salud pública a nivel mundial. Su estrecha relación con el consumo de antibióticos hace necesaria la adopción de medidas para optimizar su uso. Los programas de optimización del uso de antibióticos (PROA) se diseñan para mejorar los resultados clínicos de los pacientes con infecciones, minimizar los efectos adversos asociados a su uso y garantizar la administración de tratamientos costo-eficientes. En la práctica clínica pediátrica el uso inadecuado de antibióticos es una realidad. Es por ello que los PROA deben incluir objetivos y estrategias específicos dirigidos a familias y pediatras. La implementación de estos programas requiere la implicación de instituciones, profesionales y población, adaptándolos a las características de cada ámbito asistencial. La atención primaria (AP) pediátrica presenta unas peculiaridades organizativas y asistenciales (hiperdemanda e inmediatez, escasos recursos profesionales especializados, dificultades en el acceso a la formación continuada y a la retroalimentación informativa) que exigen el diseño de medidas y estrategias propias para conseguir los objetivos fijados, que incluyan medidas estructurales, organizativas, de flujo de información y de formación continuada. Es necesario que estos programas alcancen a todos los profesionales, abordando la formación continuada, las herramientas de apoyo a la prescripción y el acceso a pruebas diagnósticas, con la adecuada coordinación interniveles. Se debe evaluar periódicamente el impacto de las distintas acciones en los objetivos planteados. La información generada debe revertir a los profesionales para que puedan adaptar su práctica clínica a la consecución óptima de los objetivos. (AU)

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to global health. Optimizing the use of antibiotics is a key measure to prevent and control this problem. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) are designed to improve clinical outcomes, minimize adverse effects and protect patients, and to ensure the administration of cost-effective treatments. Inappropriate use of antibiotics also occurs in pediatric clinical practice. For this reason, ASPs should include specific objectives and strategies aimed at pediatricians and families. Implementing these programs requires the involvement of institutions and policy makers, healthcare providers as well as individuals, adapting them to the characteristics of each healthcare setting. Pediatric primary care (PPC) faces specific issues such as high demand and immediacy, scarce specialized professional resources, difficulties to access regular training and to obtain feedback. This requires the design of specific policies and strategies to achieve the objectives, including structural and organizational measures, improvement of the information flow and accessibility to frequent trainings. These programs should reach all health professionals, promoting regular trainings, prescription support tools and supplying diagnostic tests, with adequate coordination between health care levels. Periodic evaluations and surveillance tools are useful to assess the impact of the actions taken and to provide feedback to health providers in order to adapt and improve their clinical practice to meet ASPs objectives. (AU)

Desarrollo de un sistema de indicadores para la evaluación de la calidad en transporte interhospitalario: proyecto multicéntrico / Quality indicators in interhospital transport: multicentre project

Introducción: El traslado interhospitalario se realiza por equipos muy diferentes en las distintas regiones de nuestro país, lo que dificulta la comparación de su calidad asistencial. Objetivo: Seleccionar y definir una lista consensuada de indicadores de calidad aplicable a todas las unidades de transporte, especializadas o no, a nivel nacional. Material y métodos: Realización de una propuesta inicial de indicadores por el comité coordinador con representantes del transporte especializado de nuestro país. Valoración del listado por especialistas en transporte de las unidades participantes y los grupos de trabajo de SECIP y SENeo. Selección de los indicadores mediante el método Delphi según su relevancia y factibilidad. Resultados: El listado inicial incluyó 35 posibles indicadores. Fueron valorados por 22 especialistas pertenecientes a siete unidades de transporte. En una primera fase se eligieron por consenso cuatro indicadores, que pasaron directamente al listado definitivo. Se enviaron a los encuestados los resultados del resto de indicadores y las observaciones realizadas por los participantes, y tras ello se realizó una segunda valoración, en la que alcanzaron un consenso aceptable otros 11 indicadores. Tras la elaboración del listado, se estableció de forma consensuada la definición final de cada indicador elegido. Conclusiones: Utilizando un sistema de búsqueda de consenso, definimos una lista de 15 indicadores comunes, que podría ser utilizada por las unidades especializadas de nuestro país y personal asistencial no especializado que realiza traslados pediátricos. Permitirá evaluar el rendimiento individual y comparar las diferentes unidades para encontrar oportunidades de mejora y asegurar la máxima calidad durante el transporte. (AU)

Introduction: Interhospital transport is carried out by variable teams in different regions of our country, and this makes quality evaluation and benchmarking complicated. Project objective: select and define a consensual list of quality measurement that may be used by national transport units, whether specialised or not. Methods: Initial set of quality indicators was proposed by coordinators (members of representative specialised transport units in Spain). Evaluation by selected transport specialists from participating units and SECIP (Society of Paediatric Intensive Care) and SENeo (Spanish Neonatology Society) work teams. Selection of definitive indicators by Delphi method according to relevance and feasibility. Results: A total of 35 quality indicators were included in the initial set. Evaluation was carried out by 22 specialists from seven transport teams. In a first round, four indicators were consensually included in the definitive list. Results for the rest of metrics and comments were sent to all participants, and after a second assessment, 11 other indicators reached enough consensus. After list accomplishment, a consensual final definition for every indicator was established. Conclusions: Using a consensual research method, a list of 15 common indicators was obtained, which may be used by specialised transport teams in our country, and by non-specialised clinics in charge of interhospital paediatric transport. It will allow individual performance to be assessed, as well as benchmarking, in order to find improvement opportunities and ensure the highest quality during interhospital transport. (AU)

Quality indicators in interhospital transport: Multicentre project.

INTRODUCTION: Interhospital transport is carried out by variable teams in different regions of our country, and this makes quality evaluation and benchmarking complicated. Project objective: Select and define a consensual list of quality measurement that may be used by national transport units, whether specialised or not. METHODS: Initial set of quality indicators was proposed by coordinators (members of representative specialised transport units in Spain). Evaluation by selected transport specialists from participating units and SECIP (Society of Paediatric Intensive Care) and SENeo (Spanish Neonatology Society) work teams. Selection of definitive indicators by Delphi method according to relevance and feasibility. RESULTS: A total of 35 quality indicators were included in the initial set. Evaluation was carried out by 22 specialists from 7 transport teams. In a first round, 4 indicators were consensually included in the definitive list. Results for the rest of metrics and comments were sent to all participants, and after a second assessment, 11 other indicators reached enough consensus. After list accomplishment, a consensual final definition for every indicator was established. CONCLUSIONS: Using a consensual research method, a list of 15 common indicators was obtained, which may be used by specialised transport teams in our country, and by non-specialised clinics in charge of interhospital paediatric transport. It will allow individual performance to be assessed, as well as benchmarking, in order to find improvement opportunities and ensure the highest quality during interhospital transport.

Implementation of improvement cycle in health records of mobile emergency prehospital care / Implementación del ciclo de mejora en los registros de salud de un servicio prehospitalario móvil de emergencia / Implantação de ciclo de melhoria nos registros de saúde de serviço pré-hospitalar móvel de urgência

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of the implementation of a quality improvement cycle in the completion of occurrence forms of a Mobile Emergency Service. Methods: this is a time series, quantitative, quasi-experimental study without control group, with three quality assessments in which was used an improvement cycle for adequacy of health records in Mobile Emergency Service Patos. Results: in 100% of the seven criteria, there was improvement between evaluations. Noncompliance with criteria reduced from 95 cases in the first evaluation to eight cases in the third evaluation. Conclusions: the representation of joint results between the three evaluations highlighted progressive improvement in the compliance with each criterion.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de la implantación de un ciclo de mejora de la calidad al completar los formularios de ocurrencias de un Servicio Móvil de Atención de Emergencia. Métodos: esta es una investigación de series de tiempo, cuantitativa, cuasi experimental, sin grupo de control, con tres evaluaciones de calidad, utilizando un ciclo de mejora en la adecuación de los registros de salud en Servicio Móvil de Atención de Emergencia Patos. Resultados: el 100% de los siete criterios mostraron una mejora entre las evaluaciones y se observó que el incumplimiento de estos criterios se redujo de 95 casos en la primera evaluación a ocho casos en la tercera evaluación. Conclusiones: la representación de los resultados conjuntos entre las tres evaluaciones pudo destacar una mejora progresiva en el cumplimiento de cada criterio.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o efeito da implantação de um ciclo de melhoria da qualidade no preenchimento das fichas de ocorrências de um Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Métodos: estudo quase experimental de série temporal, quantitativo, sem grupo controle, com três avaliações da qualidade. Foi utilizado o ciclo de melhoria na adequação dos registros de saúde no Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência Patos. Resultados: houve melhorias em 100% dos sete critérios entre as avaliações e redução do não cumprimento desses critérios de 95 casos na primeira avaliação, para oito casos na terceira avaliação. Conclusões: a representação dos resultados conjuntos entre as três avaliações destacou a melhoria progressiva nos cumprimentos de cada critério.

The world database for pediatric and congenital heart surgery: A collaboration with the Registro Nacional de Cirugía Cardiaca Pediátrica.

Objective: Following the notable work accomplished by the Mexican Association of Specialists in Congenital Heart Disease (Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas) with the development of a national registry for congenital cardiac surgery, the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery has implemented an international platform to collect data and analyze outcomes of children with congenital heart disease. Methodology: This manuscript proposes a possible collaboration between Mexico's national congenital cardiac database (Registro Nacional de Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica) and the World Database for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery. Conclusion: Such a partnership would advance the countries' desire for the ongoing development of quality improvement processes and improve the overall treatment of children with congenital heart disease.

Objetivo: Siguiendo el notable trabajo realizado por la Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas (Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas: AMECC) con el desarrollo de un registro nacional para la cirugía cardíaca congénita, la Sociedad Mundial de Pediatría y Cirugía Cardíaca Congénita ha implementado una plataforma internacional para recopilar datos y analizar los resultados de los niños con cardiopatía congénita. Metodología: Este manuscrito propone una posible colaboración entre la base nacional de datos cardiacos congénitos de México (RENACCAPE) y la Base de Datos Mundial para la Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica y Congénita (WDPCHS). Conclusión: Esta asociación promovería el deseo de los países de seguir desarrollando procesos de mejora de la calidad y mejorar el tratamiento general de los niños con cardiopatía congénita.

Completude dos prontuários de idosas com câncer de mama: estudo de tendência / Completitud de historias clínicas de ancianas con cáncer de mama: estudio de tendencia / Completeness of medical records of elderly women with breast cancer: a trend study

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a completude e a tendência de completude de dados dos prontuários de idosas acometidas por câncer de mama, diagnosticadas e atendidas entre os anos de 2001 e 2006 em um centro de referência em saúde da mulher do Estado de São Paulo. Métodos Estudo descritivo analítico baseado em dados secundários. Para análise da não completude, utilizou-se a classificação: excelente (< 5%), bom (5 a 10%), regular (10 a 20%), ruim (20 a 50%) e muito ruim (≥50%). Resultados Variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, bem como as de fatores de risco e comportamentais predominaram dentre as classificadas como regular, ruim e muito ruim. Os melhores escores foram das variáveis pós-tratamento, seguidas pelas relacionadas ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento. A única variável com tendência de não completude decrescente foi história familiar de câncer de mama (p = 0,05). Apresentaram tendência de não completude crescente: raça/cor (p = 0,01), anos de estudo (p = 0,01), uso de contraceptivos orais (p = 0,002), tempo de uso de contraceptivos orais (p = 0,002), reposição hormonal (p = 0,007) e amamentação (p = 0,004). Conclusão Dentre as variáveis classificadas como regular, ruim e muito ruim, a tendência de completude predominou como constante, seguida pela tendência crescente de não completude; apenas uma variável apresentou melhora da tendência de completude. O registro completo dos dados em prontuário é tarefa inerente de toda a equipe de saúde, primordial para estabelecer protocolos da assistência, no desenvolvimento de pesquisa, bem como na implementação de políticas públicas de saúde.

Resumen Objetivo evaluar la completitud y la tendencia de completitud de datos de historias clínicas de ancianas afectadas por cáncer de mama, diagnosticadas y atendidas entre los años 2001 y 2006 en un centro de referencia en salud de la mujer del estado de São Paulo. Métodos estudio descriptivo analítico basado en datos secundarios. Para el análisis de no completitud, se utilizó la clasificación: excelente (< 5%), bueno (5 a 10%), regular (10 a 20%), malo (20 a 50%) y muy malo (≥50%). Resultados variables socioeconómicas y demográficas, así como las de factores de riesgo y comportamentales, predominaron entre las clasificadas como regular, malo y muy malo. Las mejores puntuaciones fueron de las variables postratamiento, seguidas de las relacionadas con el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. La única variable con tendencia de no completitud decreciente fue antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama (p = 0,05). Presentaron tendencia de no completitud creciente: raza/color (p = 0,01), años de estudio (p = 0,01), uso de contraceptivos orales (p = 0,002), tiempo de uso de contraceptivos orales (p = 0,002), reposición hormonal (p = 0,007) y lactancia materna (p = 0,004). Conclusión entre las variables clasificadas como regular, malo y muy malo, la tendencia de completitud predominó como constante, seguida de la tendencia creciente de no completitud. Solo una variable presentó mejora de la tendencia de completitud. El registro completo de los datos en historia clínica es tarea inherente a todo el equipo de salud, primordial para establecer protocolos de atención, desarrollar investigaciones, así como implementar políticas públicas de salud.

Abstract Objective To assess completeness and trends in completeness of medical records of elderly women with breast cancer who were diagnosed and admitted from 2001 to 2006 at a center for women's health in the State of Sao Paulo. Methods This was an analytical and descriptive study based on secondary data. For non-completeness analysis, the following classification was used: excellent (<5%), good (5-10%), regular (10-20%), poor (20-50%), and very poor (≥50%). Results Socio-economic and demographic variables, as well as risk- and behavioral-factor-related variables, scored mainly as regular, poor, or very poor. The best scores were seen in post-treatment variables, followed by diagnosis- and treatment-related variables. The only variable to show a downward non-completeness trend was family history of breast cancer (p=0.05). A growing non-completeness trend was seen in the following variables: race/color (p=0.01), years of formal education (p=0.01), use of oral contraceptives (p=0.002), time of use of oral contraceptives (p=0.002), hormonal replacement (p=0.007), and breastfeeding (p=0.004). Conclusion Variables classified as regular, poor, and very poor showed a predominantly constant completeness trend, followed by an growing in non-completeness trend. Only one variable showed an improvement in completeness trend. Full recording of all patient data on medical record is an inherent task for the entire healthcare team. Such recording is fundamental to establish care protocols, develop research studies, as well as implement public health policies.

The world database for pediatric and congenital heart surgery: A collaboration with the Registro Nacional de Cirugía Cardiaca Pediátrica.

Objective: Following the notable work accomplished by the Mexican Association of Specialists in Congenital Heart Disease (Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas) with the development of a national registry for congenital cardiac surgery, the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery has implemented an international platform to collect data and analyze outcomes of children with congenital heart disease. Methodology: This manuscript proposes a possible collaboration between Mexico's national congenital cardiac database (Registro Nacional de Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica) and the World Database for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery. Conclusion: Such a partnership would advance the countries' desire for the ongoing development of quality improvement processes and improve the overall treatment of children with congenital heart disease.

Objetivo: Siguiendo el notable trabajo realizado por la Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas (Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas: AMECC) con el desarrollo de un registro nacional para la cirugía cardíaca congénita, la Sociedad Mundial de Pediatría y Cirugía Cardíaca Congénita ha implementado una plataforma internacional para recopilar datos y analizar los resultados de los niños con cardiopatía congénita. Metodología: Este manuscrito propone una posible colaboración entre la base nacional de datos cardiacos congénitos de México (RENACCAPE) y la Base de Datos Mundial para la Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica y Congénita (WDPCHS). Conclusión: Esta asociación promovería el deseo de los países de seguir desarrollando procesos de mejora de la calidad y mejorar el tratamiento general de los niños con cardiopatía congénita.

The world database for pediatric and congenital heart surgery: A collaboration with the Registro Nacional de Cirugía Cardiaca Pediátrica / La base de datos mundial de cirugía cardíaca pediátrica y congénita: una colaboración con el Registro Nacional de Cirugía Cardiaca Pediátrica (RENACCAPE)

Abstract Objective: Following the notable work accomplished by the Mexican Association of Specialists in Congenital Heart Disease (Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas) with the development of a national registry for congenital cardiac surgery, the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery has implemented an international platform to collect data and analyze outcomes of children with congenital heart disease. Methodology: This manuscript proposes a possible collaboration between Mexico's national congenital cardiac database (Registro Nacional de Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica) and the World Database for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery. Conclusion: Such a partnership would advance the countries' desire for the ongoing development of quality improvement processes and improve the overall treatment of children with congenital heart disease.

Resumen Objetivo: Siguiendo el notable trabajo realizado por la Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas (Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Cardiopatías Congénitas: AMECC) con el desarrollo de un registro nacional para la cirugía cardíaca congénita, la Sociedad Mundial de Pediatría y Cirugía Cardíaca Congénita ha implementado una plataforma internacional para recopilar datos y analizar los resultados de los niños con cardiopatía congénita. Metodología: Este manuscrito propone una posible colaboración entre la base nacional de datos cardiacos congénitos de México (RENACCAPE) y la Base de Datos Mundial para la Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica y Congénita (WDPCHS). Conclusión: Esta asociación promovería el deseo de los países de seguir desarrollando procesos de mejora de la calidad y mejorar el tratamiento general de los niños con cardiopatía congénita.

[Integral incident management system in primary care: Beyond patient safety]. / Sistema integral de gestión de incidencias en atención primaria: más allá de la seguridad del paciente.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an integral system of notification and management of incidents, created by the Primary Care Team of Guineueta, as well as the main results after 18 months of implementation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Using a simple online form, health professionals notified any type of, already categorised, incident. Each of them were distributed to an improvement team that assessed and performed the necessary actions. In addition, the Quality Committee immediately assessed the ones that affected patient safety, as well as the most relevant or repetitive ones every 6 months. RESULTS: During the first 18 months of operation of the system, the health professionals reported 1,267 incidents, most notably informatics, maintenance/technical assistance, and errors in scheduling, in internal circuits and protocols. Eight of them were considered to significantly affect patient safety. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the described system has been consolidated into our team, facilitating the detection of problems, the accomplishment of improvement actions and involving the professionals in the improvement of the quality.

Clinical and Economic Impact of a Multisciplinary Intervention to Reduce Bleeding Risk in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of a multidisciplinary program to reduce bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome through optimization of antithrombotic therapy. METHODS: We designed a preintervention (PRE) and postintervention (POST) quasi-experimental study using a retrospective analysis of 2 cohorts. The first cohort was analyzed to detect correctable measures contributing to bleeding (PRE). Afterward, a quality improvement intervention with a bundle of recommendations was implemented. Finally, a second cohort of patients was evaluated to investigate the impact of the measures on bleeding reduction (POST). The impact on health outcomes was evaluated through comparison of the percentage of in-hospital bleeding events and 30-day readmissions between the 2 cohorts. The economic analysis took into account the costs associated with the implementation of the program and the cost-savings associated with the prevention of bleeding events and 30-day readmissions. RESULTS: A total of 677 patients were included (377 in PRE and 300 in POST). The total bleeding rate was reduced after the implementation of the bundled intervention by 29.2% (31.6% in POST vs 22.3% in PRE; OR, 0.62; 95%CI, 0.44-0.88) while 30-day readmission rates were 7.7% in PRE and 5% in POST (P=.20). The estimated avoided cost was €95 113.6 per year, meaning that €10.1 would be obtained in return for each euro invested during the first year and €36.3 during the following years. CONCLUSIONS: This multidisciplinary program has proven to be effective in reducing bleeding events and is economically attractive.

Mejora de la calidad en el consentimiento informado / Enhancement of informed consent quality / Melhora da qualidade no consentimento informado

Objetivo: Aplicar un círculo de mejora al consentimiento informado para la transfusión de hemoderivados. Pacientes y Método: Durante 10 meses se incluyeron 577 pacientes intervenidos en el Hospital General Reina Sofía de Murcia. Seleccionamos 6 criterios relacionados con el cumplimiento de la normativa sobre transfusiones. Tras el análisis de calidad, se aplicaron medidas correctoras y se reevaluaron los criterios. Los datos se compararon con los estándares en ambos periodos y entre periodos. En la primera evaluación se obtuvo un pobre cumplimiento de los criterios. Basándonos en el análisis de factores asociados al incumplimiento y la priorización resultante del diagrama de Pareto, el plan de intervención se dividió en actividad docente y modificaciones organizativas. Resultados: Todos los criterios estaban por debajo del estándar (p<0,001). En la segunda evaluación el cumplimiento de todos los criterios mejoró significativamente respecto de la primera; aun así los resultados continúan, también significativamente, por debajo de los estándares establecidos. Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de los 6 criterios era mínimo al inicio del estudio; las medidas correctoras fueron adecuadas, puesto que mejoraron todos ellos en la segunda evaluación, pero es necesario insistir en estas medidas ya que continuamos por debajo del estándar establecido.

Aim: To apply an enhancement circle for informed consent for transfusion of blood derivatives. Patients and Method: During 10 months 577 intervened patients were included in General Hospital Reina Sofia of Murcia, Spain. Six criteria were selected related to compliance with transfusion norms. After quality analysis, corrected measures were taken and the criteria were re evaluated. Data were compared with standards in both periods and between periods. In the first evaluation a poor compliance to criteria was observed. Based on the analysis of factors associated to lack of compliance and the resulting priorization from Pareto’s diagram, the intervention plan was divided in teaching activity and management modifications. Results: all criteria were under the standard (p<0.001). In the second evaluation, compliance for all criteria was significantly enhance with respect to the first; but nevertheless, results continue, also significantly, under established standards. Conclusions: Compliance to the six criteria was minimum at the beginning of the study; corrected measures were adequate, since they enhance all of them in the second evaluation, but it is necessary to insist in these measures since we continue under the established standard.

Objetivo: Aplicar um círculo de melhora ao consentimento informado para a transfusão de hemoderivados. Pacientes e Método: Durante 10 meses foram incluídos 577 pacientes internados no Hospital General Reina Sofía de Murcia. Selecionamos 6 critérios relacionados com o cumprimento da norma sobre transfusões. Após a análise de qualidade, foram aplicadas medidas corretoras e se reavaliaram os critérios. Os dados foram comparados com os padrões em ambos periodos e entre periodos. Na primeira avaliação se obteve um pobre cumprimento dos critérios. Baseando-nos na análise de fatores associados ao incumprimento e a priorização resultante do diagrama de Pareto, o plano de intervenção se dividiu em atividade docente e modificações organizativas. Resultados: Todos os critérios estavam abaixo do padrão (p<0,001). Na segunda avaliação o cumprimento de todos os critérios melhorou significativamente com respeito à primeira; ainda assim os resultados continuam, também significativamente, abaixo dos padrões estabelecidos. Conclusões: O cumprimento dos 6 critérios era mínimo ao início do estudo; as medidas corretoras foram adequadas, posto que melhoraram todos eles na segunda avaliação, porém é necessário insistir nestas medidas já que continuamos abaixo do padrão estabelecido.

Cumplimentación del consentimiento informado para la transfusión de hemoderivados en los Servicios de Urología y Cirugía / Enforcement of informed consent request for blood transfusion in urology and surgery departments

Objetivo: Aplicar un círculo de mejora a la petición de consentimiento informado (CI) para la transfusión de hemoderivados en los servicios de Cirugía General y Urología. Métodos: Durante 8 meses se incluyeron 120 pa­cientes intervenidos en el Hospital General Reina Sofía de Murcia. Tras realizar un análisis de causa-efecto de Ishikawa, se establecieron 4 criterios: C1: identifica­ción del médico; C2: identificación del paciente; C3: firma del paciente; C4: fecha del documento. En el pri­mer periodo se incluyeron 60 pacientes. Se analizaron Ias causas de incumplimiento y se aplicaron las medidas correctoras, reevaluando los criterios en otros 60 pacientes. Resultados: Todos los criterios estaban por debajo del estándar: C1: 3%; C2: 95%; C3: 16% y C4: 65%. En la segunda evaluación el cumplimiento de C1 (70%), C3 (98%) y C4 (88%) mejoró significativamente pero aún así los resultados continúan, también significativamente, por debajo de los estándares establecidos. Los resultados se expresan en porcentaje de cumplimiento con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Conclusiones: La realización de un ciclo de mejora ha permitido detectar y corregir incumplimientos en el C1 de transfusiones sanguíneas. El nivel de cumplimiento de los criterios mejoró en la segunda evaluación aunque continuamos por debajo del estándar establecido. Hemos conseguido una mayor concienciación por parte de los profesionales a la hora de cumplimentar el consentimiento.

Objective: To analyze the degree of compliance with a variety of standards defined for the quality control of the informed consent request for human blood products transfusion in our departments of Surgery and Urology. Material and method: Retrospective study of patients treated during 8 consecutive months in a university teaching hospital (n=120). Assessment of quality was performed through measurements of compliance using 4 criteria: C1, Physician Identification; C2, patient identification; C3, patient signature; C4, document date. In the first period 60 patients were included. Corrective measures aimed at resolving the quality problem were applied to the deficient criteria during one month, paying particular attention to those criteria with the highest percentage of errors in the study. During a third period of six months (60 patients) the information of all criteria was gathered again and the improvement with regard to the standard values and to the compliance of the first period was evaluated. Results: Compliance of all criteria was significantly below standard values in the first evaluation: C1 :3%; C2: 95%; C3: 16% and C4: 65%. In the second period all the criteria below its standard improved with regard to the first period; nonetheless the results are, also significantly, below the established standards. Conclusions: This improvement cycle enabled us to detect and correct breaches on the informed consent request for human blood products transfusion. Corrective measures introduced were effective since it was improved in all the criteria below standard. We have achieved a good awareness of health professionals to complete the authorization.

Cumplimentación del consentimiento informado para la transfusión de hemoderivados en los Servicios de Urología y Cirugía / Enforcement of informed consent request for blood transfusion in urology and surgery departments

Objetivo: Aplicar un círculo de mejora a la petición de consentimiento informado (CI) para la transfusión de hemoderivados en los servicios de Cirugía General y Urología. Métodos: Durante 8 meses se incluyeron 120 pa¡cientes intervenidos en el Hospital General Reina Sofía de Murcia. Tras realizar un análisis de causa-efecto de Ishikawa, se establecieron 4 criterios: C1: identifica¡ción del médico; C2: identificación del paciente; C3: firma del paciente; C4: fecha del documento. En el pri¡mer periodo se incluyeron 60 pacientes. Se analizaron Ias causas de incumplimiento y se aplicaron las medidas correctoras, reevaluando los criterios en otros 60 pacientes. Resultados: Todos los criterios estaban por debajo del estándar: C1: 3%; C2: 95%; C3: 16% y C4: 65%. En la segunda evaluación el cumplimiento de C1 (70%), C3 (98%) y C4 (88%) mejoró significativamente pero aún así los resultados continúan, también significativamente, por debajo de los estándares establecidos. Los resultados se expresan en porcentaje de cumplimiento con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Conclusiones: La realización de un ciclo de mejora ha permitido detectar y corregir incumplimientos en el C1 de transfusiones sanguíneas. El nivel de cumplimiento de los criterios mejoró en la segunda evaluación aunque continuamos por debajo del estándar establecido. Hemos conseguido una mayor concienciación por parte de los profesionales a la hora de cumplimentar el consentimiento. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the degree of compliance with a variety of standards defined for the quality control of the informed consent request for human blood products transfusion in our departments of Surgery and Urology. Material and method: Retrospective study of patients treated during 8 consecutive months in a university teaching hospital (n=120). Assessment of quality was performed through measurements of compliance using 4 criteria: C1, Physician Identification; C2, patient identification; C3, patient signature; C4, document date. In the first period 60 patients were included. Corrective measures aimed at resolving the quality problem were applied to the deficient criteria during one month, paying particular attention to those criteria with the highest percentage of errors in the study. During a third period of six months (60 patients) the information of all criteria was gathered again and the improvement with regard to the standard values and to the compliance of the first period was evaluated. Results: Compliance of all criteria was significantly below standard values in the first evaluation: C1 :3%; C2: 95%; C3: 16% and C4: 65%. In the second period all the criteria below its standard improved with regard to the first period; nonetheless the results are, also significantly, below the established standards. Conclusions: This improvement cycle enabled us to detect and correct breaches on the informed consent request for human blood products transfusion. Corrective measures introduced were effective since it was improved in all the criteria below standard. We have achieved a good awareness of health professionals to complete the authorization. (AU)