ABSTRACT
El melanoma subungueal es un tumor poco común, con peor pronóstico comparado con los de otras localizaciones. Corresponde al 1-23% de los melanomas, según la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas e histopatológicas del melanoma subungueal en la población mexicana. Se incluyeron 57 pacientes con melanoma subungueal (19% de los 303 melanomas totales), con una mediana de edad de 71 años. La localización predominante fueron los miembros inferiores (52,6% de los melanomas subungueales) y el primer dedo (75,4% de los casos). El subtipo histológico más frecuente fue el acral lentiginoso (50,9%). La mediana de Breslow fue de 3mm. El estadio IA fue el más frecuente (28,1%). Se encontró una tasa de recurrencia del 19,3% y de metástasis del 8,8%. Las características clínico-patológicas fueron semejantes a lo descrito en la literatura. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos de cara a mejorar su pronóstico.(AU)
Although subungual melanoma is uncommon, it is associated with worse outcomes than melanomas in other locations and accounts for 1% to 23% of all melanomas, depending on the population. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathologic features of subungual melanoma in a Mexican population. We identified 303 patients with melanoma, and of these, 19% (57 patients with a median age of 71 years) had subungual melanoma. The main sites affected were the lower limbs (52.6%) and the toe (75.4%). The most common histologic subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (50.9%). Median Breslow thickness was 3 mm, and stage IA tumors were the most common (in 28.1% of patients). Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 19.3% and 8.8% of patients, respectively. The clinical and histopathologic features identified are similar to those described in the literature. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Melanoma/classification , Skin Neoplasms , Nail Diseases/drug therapy , Nail Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Longitudinal Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Mexico , Cohort Studies , DermatologyABSTRACT
El melanoma subungueal es un tumor poco común, con peor pronóstico comparado con los de otras localizaciones. Corresponde al 1-23% de los melanomas, según la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas e histopatológicas del melanoma subungueal en la población mexicana. Se incluyeron 57 pacientes con melanoma subungueal (19% de los 303 melanomas totales), con una mediana de edad de 71 años. La localización predominante fueron los miembros inferiores (52,6% de los melanomas subungueales) y el primer dedo (75,4% de los casos). El subtipo histológico más frecuente fue el acral lentiginoso (50,9%). La mediana de Breslow fue de 3mm. El estadio IA fue el más frecuente (28,1%). Se encontró una tasa de recurrencia del 19,3% y de metástasis del 8,8%. Las características clínico-patológicas fueron semejantes a lo descrito en la literatura. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos de cara a mejorar su pronóstico.(AU)
Although subungual melanoma is uncommon, it is associated with worse outcomes than melanomas in other locations and accounts for 1% to 23% of all melanomas, depending on the population. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathologic features of subungual melanoma in a Mexican population. We identified 303 patients with melanoma, and of these, 19% (57 patients with a median age of 71 years) had subungual melanoma. The main sites affected were the lower limbs (52.6%) and the toe (75.4%). The most common histologic subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (50.9%). Median Breslow thickness was 3 mm, and stage IA tumors were the most common (in 28.1% of patients). Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 19.3% and 8.8% of patients, respectively. The clinical and histopathologic features identified are similar to those described in the literature. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Melanoma/classification , Skin Neoplasms , Nail Diseases/drug therapy , Nail Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Longitudinal Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Mexico , Cohort Studies , DermatologyABSTRACT
Although subungual melanoma is uncommon, it is associated with worse outcomes than melanomas in other locations and accounts for 1% to 23% of all melanomas, depending on the population. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathologic features of subungual melanoma in a Mexican population. We identified 303 patients with melanoma, and of these, 19% (57 patients with a median age of 71 years) had subungual melanoma. The main sites affected were the lower limbs (52.6%) and the toe (75.4%). The most common histologic subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (50.9%). Median Breslow thickness was 3 mm, and stage IA tumors were the most common (in 28.1% of patients). Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 19.3% and 8.8% of patients, respectively. The clinical and histopathologic features identified are similar to those described in the literature. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.
Subject(s)
Melanoma , Nail Diseases , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Aged , Melanoma/pathology , Cohort Studies , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , PrognosisABSTRACT
Although subungual melanoma is uncommon, it is associated with worse outcomes than melanomas in other locations and accounts for 1% to 23% of all melanomas, depending on the population. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathologic features of subungual melanoma in a Mexican population. We identified 303 patients with melanoma, and of these, 19% (57 patients with a median age of 71 years) had subungual melanoma. The main sites affected were the lower limbs (52.6%) and the toe (75.4%). The most common histologic subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (50.9%). Median Breslow thickness was 3 mm, and stage IA tumors were the most common (in 28.1% of patients). Recurrence and metastasis occurred in 19.3% and 8.8% of patients, respectively. The clinical and histopathologic features identified are similar to those described in the literature. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.
Subject(s)
Melanoma , Nail Diseases , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Aged , Melanoma/pathology , Cohort Studies , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , PrognosisABSTRACT
The study of subungual melanocytic lesions can present challenges because of the clinical and histologic characteristics of the nail unit and the difficulty of performing nail biopsies and processing specimens. These lesions can be even more challenging in children due to differences in clinical and epidemiological profiles between the adult and pediatric populations. Many of the clinical features of subungual melanocytic lesions that would raise alarm in an adult do not have the same implications in children. Consensus is also lacking on when a nail biopsy is needed to rule out malignancy in the pediatric setting. In view of these considerations and the rarity of subungual melanoma in childhood, the recommended approach in most cases is a watch-and-wait strategy. Subungual melanocytic lesions in children may also show atypical histopathologic features that are not necessarily associated with aggressive behavior. Subungual melanoma is very rare in childhood, with just 21 cases described to date. None of the patients developed visceral metastasis or died as a result and the diagnosis was controversial in many of the cases. Considering the above and the significantly higher frequency and particular characteristics of longitudinal melanonychia with a benign etiology in children, subungual melanocytic lesions should be managed differently in this setting than in adults. In most cases, a watch-and-wait approach is the most appropriate strategy.
Subject(s)
Melanoma , Nail Diseases , Adult , Biopsy , Child , Humans , Melanocytes/pathology , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/epidemiology , Melanoma/pathology , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Nail Diseases/epidemiology , Nail Diseases/pathology , NailsABSTRACT
Debido a las particularidades anatómicas clínicas e histológicas del aparato ungueal, y a las dificultades inherentes a la obtención y procesado de las biopsias ungueales, el estudio de las lesiones melanocíticas subungueales no suele ser una tarea sencilla. Además, en el caso de las lesiones melanocíticas subungueales de la edad pediátrica, hay que añadir las peculiaridades de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas propias de esta edad. En la infancia, muchos de los signos clínicos que son considerados de alarma en el adulto no han demostrado tener la misma validez, y no existe un claro consenso respecto a cuándo realizar una biopsia ungueal para descartar patología melanocítica maligna. Esto, unido al carácter excepcional del melanoma subungueal pediátrico, hacen que en la mayoría de los casos se recomiende exclusivamente la observación y el seguimiento. Por otro lado, las lesiones melanocíticas subungueales pediátricas pueden mostrar características histopatológicas atípicas, sin que ello implique un comportamiento clínico agresivo. El melanoma subungueal es una entidad excepcional, con solo 21 casos descritos hasta la fecha. Cabe destacar que ninguno de los casos de melanoma subungueal pediátrico descritos hasta la fecha presentó afectación metastásica visceral, ni tampoco ocasionó la muerte del paciente, y que el diagnóstico es controvertido en muchos de ellos. Por todo ello, y teniendo en cuenta la significativa mayor frecuencia de lesiones melanocíticas benignas subyacentes a melanoniquias longitudinales en la edad pediátrica, así como las peculiaridades clínicas de las mismas, el manejo de estas lesiones debe ser diferente al de las melanoniquias del adulto, siendo la observación la actitud más adecuada en la gran mayoría de los casos (AU)
The study of subungual melanocytic lesions can present challenges because of the clinical and histologic characteristics of the nail unit and the difficulty of performing nail biopsies and processing specimens. These lesions can be even more challenging in children due to differences in clinical and epidemiological profiles between the adult and pediatric populations. Many of the clinical features of subungual melanocytic lesions that would raise alarm in an adult do not have the same implications in children. Consensus is also lacking on when a nail biopsy is needed to rule out malignancy in the pediatric setting. In view of these considerations and the rarity of subungual melanoma in childhood, the recommended approach in most cases is a watch-and-wait strategy. Subungual melanocytic lesions in children may also show atypical histopathologic features that are not necessarily associated with aggressive behavior. Subungual melanoma is very rare in childhood, with just 21 cases described to date. None of the patients developed visceral metastasis or died as a result and the diagnosis was controversial in many of the cases. Considering the above and the significantly higher frequency and particular characteristics of longitudinal melanonychia with a benign etiology in children, subungual melanocytic lesions should be managed differently in this setting than in adults. In most cases, a watch-and-wait approach is the most appropriate strategy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Nail Diseases/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Melanoma/pathology , BiopsyABSTRACT
The study of subungual melanocytic lesions can present challenges because of the clinical and histologic characteristics of the nail unit and the difficulty of performing nail biopsies and processing specimens. These lesions can be even more challenging in children due to differences in clinical and epidemiological profiles between the adult and pediatric populations. Many of the clinical features of subungual melanocytic lesions that would raise alarm in an adult do not have the same implications in children. Consensus is also lacking on when a nail biopsy is needed to rule out malignancy in the pediatric setting. In view of these considerations and the rarity of subungual melanoma in childhood, the recommended approach in most cases is a watch-and-wait strategy. Subungual melanocytic lesions in children may also show atypical histopathologic features that are not necessarily associated with aggressive behavior. Subungual melanoma is very rare in childhood, with just 21 cases described to date. None of the patients developed visceral metastasis or died as a result and the diagnosis was controversial in many of the cases. Considering the above and the significantly higher frequency and particular characteristics of longitudinal melanonychia with a benign etiology in children, subungual melanocytic lesions should be managed differently in this setting than in adults. In most cases, a watch-and-wait approach is the most appropriate strategy (AU)
Debido a las particularidades anatómicas clínicas e histológicas del aparato ungueal, y a las dificultades inherentes a la obtención y procesado de las biopsias ungueales, el estudio de las lesiones melanocíticas subungueales no suele ser una tarea sencilla. Además, en el caso de las lesiones melanocíticas subungueales de la edad pediátrica, hay que añadir las peculiaridades de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas propias de esta edad. En la infancia, muchos de los signos clínicos que son considerados de alarma en el adulto no han demostrado tener la misma validez, y no existe un claro consenso respecto a cuándo realizar una biopsia ungueal para descartar patología melanocítica maligna. Esto, unido al carácter excepcional del melanoma subungueal pediátrico, hacen que en la mayoría de los casos se recomiende exclusivamente la observación y el seguimiento. Por otro lado, las lesiones melanocíticas subungueales pediátricas pueden mostrar características histopatológicas atípicas, sin que ello implique un comportamiento clínico agresivo. El melanoma subungueal es una entidad excepcional, con solo 21 casos descritos hasta la fecha. Cabe destacar que ninguno de los casos de melanoma subungueal pediátrico descritos hasta la fecha presentó afectación metastásica visceral, ni tampoco ocasionó la muerte del paciente, y que el diagnóstico es controvertido en muchos de ellos. Por todo ello, y teniendo en cuenta la significativa mayor frecuencia de lesiones melanocíticas benignas subyacentes a melanoniquias longitudinales en la edad pediátrica, así como las peculiaridades clínicas de las mismas, el manejo de estas lesiones debe ser diferente al de las melanoniquias del adulto, siendo la observación la actitud más adecuada en la gran mayoría de los casos (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Nail Diseases/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Melanoma/pathology , BiopsyABSTRACT
El miedo a realizar intervenciones en la uña por el riesgo de distrofia residual, la dificultad de procesado y de interpretación de las biopsias ungueales, así como la falta global de experiencia en este campo han hecho que las melanoniquias ungueales en general (y las lesiones melanocíticas subungueales en particular) sean un tema poco atractivo tanto para dermatólogos como para patólogos. A pesar de la indudable complejidad de este campo, el manejo de las técnicas de biopsia ungueal, el correcto procesado y orientación de las muestras y el conocimiento de las particularidades histológicas del aparato ungueal pueden facilitar mucho esta labor. La biopsia longitudinal escisional ofrece la interpretación histológica más sencilla y tiene bajo riesgo de generar distrofia ungueal, si se realiza correctamente. Los datos clínicos y epidemiológicos son fundamentales: el diagnóstico de melanoma subungueal en la infancia es excepcional, e incluso lesiones con características clínicas y/o histológicas atípicas constituyen, con toda probabilidad, lesiones benignas. La presencia de melanocitos suprabasales y otros hallazgos que serían sospechosos de malignidad en lesiones en otras localizaciones se consideran normales en el aparato ungueal. El melanoma subungueal tiene un patrón lentiginoso en estadios precoces y parece que la presencia de un infiltrado inflamatorio, acompañando a lesiones subungueales lentiginosas atípicas, es uno de los primeros hallazgos diagnósticos de esta lesión (AU)
Both dermatologists and pathologists sometimes find daunting the evaluation of melanonychia (especially subungual melanocytic lesions) because of the fear of performing nail surgery due to the risk of dystrophy, difficulties processing and interpreting nail biopsy specimens, and a general lack of experience in the field. Nevertheless, mastery of nail biopsy techniques, correct processing and orientation of specimens, and familiarity with the histologic particularities of the nail apparatus can attenuate the undoubted complexity and facilitate the tasks involved. Longitudinal excision is the biopsy technique that ensures the simplest histologic interpretation, and it is associated with a low risk of nail dystrophy when performed correctly. Clinical and epidemiological data are crucial. Subungual melanoma in childhood, for instance, is very rare and even lesions with atypical clinical and/or histologic features are probably benign. The presence of suprabasal melanocytes and other findings that would suggest malignancy at other sites are considered normal in the nail apparatus. Subungual melanoma shows a lentiginous pattern in the early stages of disease, and detection of an inflammatory infiltrate accompanying atypical lentiginous subungual lesions would appear to be one of the first diagnostic findings (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy/methods , Nail Diseases/pathology , Melanocytes/pathology , Nevus/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Melanoma/pathologyABSTRACT
Both dermatologists and pathologists sometimes find daunting the evaluation of melanonychia (especially subungual melanocytic lesions) because of the fear of performing nail surgery due to the risk of dystrophy, difficulties processing and interpreting nail biopsy specimens, and a general lack of experience in the field. Nevertheless, mastery of nail biopsy techniques, correct processing and orientation of specimens, and familiarity with the histologic particularities of the nail apparatus can attenuate the undoubted complexity and facilitate the tasks involved. Longitudinal excision is the biopsy technique that ensures the simplest histologic interpretation, and it is associated with a low risk of nail dystrophy when performed correctly. Clinical and epidemiological data are crucial. Subungual melanoma in childhood, for instance, is very rare and even lesions with atypical clinical and/or histologic features are probably benign. The presence of suprabasal melanocytes and other findings that would suggest malignancy at other sites are considered normal in the nail apparatus. Subungual melanoma shows a lentiginous pattern in the early stages of disease, and detection of an inflammatory infiltrate accompanying atypical lentiginous subungual lesions would appear to be one of the first diagnostic findings.
ABSTRACT
Both dermatologists and pathologists sometimes find daunting the evaluation of melanonychia (especially subungual melanocytic lesions) because of the fear of performing nail surgery due to the risk of dystrophy, difficulties processing and interpreting nail biopsy specimens, and a general lack of experience in the field. Nevertheless, mastery of nail biopsy techniques, correct processing and orientation of specimens, and familiarity with the histologic particularities of the nail apparatus can attenuate the undoubted complexity and facilitate the tasks involved. Longitudinal excision is the biopsy technique that ensures the simplest histologic interpretation, and it is associated with a low risk of nail dystrophy when performed correctly. Clinical and epidemiological data are crucial. Subungual melanoma in childhood, for instance, is very rare and even lesions with atypical clinical and/or histologic features are probably benign. The presence of suprabasal melanocytes and other findings that would suggest malignancy at other sites are considered normal in the nail apparatus. Subungual melanoma shows a lentiginous pattern in the early stages of disease, and detection of an inflammatory infiltrate accompanying atypical lentiginous subungual lesions would appear to be one of the first diagnostic findings.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Amputation is the conventional treatment for malignant subungual tumors (MSUTs), namely, subungual squamous cell carcinoma (SUSCC) and subungual melanoma (SUM). Functional surgery consisting of wide local excision (WLE) of the nail unit can preserve function without modifying prognosis in such cases. We present a series of MSUTs treated with WLE of the nail unit, describe the technique, and review its indications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of MSUTs treated with WLE of the nail unit between 2008 and 2017. The technique consisted of en bloc supraperiosteal excision of the nail unit with a margin of 5mm followed by repair with a full-thickness graft. RESULTS: Eleven MSUTs were treated in the study period: 7 SUMs (4 in situ; mean thickness, 1.17mm; range, 0-4mm) and 4 SUSCCs (mean thickness, 3.4mm; range, 1.6-6mm). WLE of the nail unit was performed in 9 patients and amputation in 2 patients with invasive SUM. Mean follow-up was 39 months (range, 12-96 months) and no local or regional recurrences were detected. One of the 2 patients who underwent amputation developed metastasis to the brain and died. In our review of the literature, we identified 5 series of patients with SUSCC treated with WLE of the nail unit (105 patients) and 14 series of patients with SUM (243 patients). Based on an analysis of these cases and ours, it would appear that WLE of the nail unit is associated with a very low rate of local recurrence (<7%) and offers better functional and cosmetic outcomes than amputation. CONCLUSIONS: WLE of the nail unit is the treatment of choice for SUSCC without bone involvement and for thin noninvasive SUM (Breslow depth <1mm). It is also feasible in intermediate-thickness SUMs when detailed histologic examination of the margins confirms complete resection. Amputation, by contrast, is the treatment of choice for SUSCCs with bone involvement, very thick SUMs (>4mm), and recurrent tumors.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Melanoma/surgery , Nail Diseases/surgery , Organ Sparing Treatments/methods , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Amputation, Surgical , Female , Fingers/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Skin Transplantation , Toes/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Subungual melanoma constitutes a diagnostic challenge because it often has an atypical clinical presentation. The aims of this study were to revise the clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with subungual melanoma diagnosed at a tertiary care university hospital and analyze the factors potentially associated with a delayed diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed data for 34 patients diagnosed with subungual melanoma at our hospital over a period of 20 years. RESULTS: The study population comprised 18 women and 16 men with a median age at diagnosis of 66 years. Only 5 of the patients had longitudinal melanonychia when examined at the dermatology department. At the time of diagnosis, 19 of the 34 patients had invasive melanoma (median Breslow thickness, 3.70mm); 16 had ulceration and 8 had regional lymph node involvement. Five patients had subungual melanoma in situ at diagnosis. The median time from appearance of the lesions to consultation at a primary care center was 15 months; the corresponding time from primary care consultation to diagnosis at our hospital was 5.5 months. Lesions located on the toes were more likely to be ulcerated (P=.017) and to be accompanied by regional lymph node involvement at diagnosis (P=.012). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with a longer diagnostic delay in patients with subungual melanoma were absence of melanonychia as a presenting feature and involvement of the toes.
Subject(s)
Melanoma/diagnosis , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Delayed Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
El melanoma es considerado una neoplasia melanocítica maligna; la localización subungueal corresponde al 0.7-3.5% de todos los melanomas. Clínicamente se presenta como una melanoniquia en general asintomática. Comunicamos un paciente masculino de 67 años, que consulta por presentar melanoniquia estriada en el cuarto dedo de la mano izquierda. El estudio histopatológico de biopsia informa un melanoma acral, por lo que se procede a realizar resección completa de la lesión con amputación de la falange distal; el paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Este melanoma se origina de la matriz ungular, aunque se ha propuesto la asociación con traumas, su etiología no está clara. Histológicamente, se caracteriza por una proliferación de melanocitos atípicos o fusiformes, con grados variables de invasión; algunas lesiones son pigmentadas y otras amelanóticas. Se debe establecer el diagnóstico diferencial con: hematomas, osteomielitis, onicomicosis, granuloma piógeno, paroniquia, enfermedad de Kaposi, carcinoma espinocelular, entre otras. Algunos factores pronósticos incluyen profundidad de invasión, índice mitótico, ulceración, índice de proliferación con Ki 67 para nombrar solo algunos factores del denominado “histopronóstico”. El retraso en el diagnóstico del melanoma subungueal condiciona un mal pronóstico. El tratamiento apunta hacia la intervención quirúrgica en estadios tempranos, con evaluación del ganglio centinela (esto varía según la escuela académica). Sin embargo, actualmente se hace referencia a nuevos fármacos, que modifican la respuesta inmune o que intervienen en el metabolismo celular, con lo que se dan los primeros pasos para modificar la historia natural de esta enfermedad.
Introduction: melanoma is considered a biologically aggressive neoplasm. It’s more common in the 6th decade. Subungual melanoma corresponding to 0.7-3.5% of all melanomas. The most common locations are hallux, thumb, index and ring. Clinically, it presents as an asymptomatic melanonychia. Case Report: male aged 67 who consulted for striated melanonychia fourth finger left hand. Biopsy histopathological study reports malignant melanoma. Complete resection of the lesion was performed with amputation of distal phalanx. Patient evolves satisfactorily. Discussion: this melanoma originates from the nail matrix. Although it has been proposed partnership with traumas, its etiology is unclear. Hasn’t been able to establish an association with race, skin type and sun exposure, as in other melanoma’s types. Histologically it is characterized by a proliferation of atypical melanocytes or fusiform with varying degrees of invasion. Some injuries are pigmented and others may be amelanotic. Should be established the differential diagnosis with hematomas, osteomyelitis, onychomycosis, pyogenic granuloma, paronychia, among other injuries. Some prognostic factors include depth of invasion, mitotic rat, ulceration, proliferation index among others. The delay in diagnosis of subungual melanoma determines a poor prognosis. The treatment aims to surgery in early stages, with evaluation of sentinel node. But now referred to new drugs that modify the immune response or that involve its cellular metabolism thus taking the first steps to modify the natural history of this disease.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: presentación de un caso clínico de melanoma subungueal de presentación atípica en el contexto de un paciente con antecedente traumático en mano izquierda y lesión nodular metastásica en región axilar izquierda. Métodos: se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 50 años de edad con antecedente de amputación de falange distal de pulgar izquierdo por traumatismo contuso y osteomielitis quien refiere inicio de enfermedad actual al presentar una lesión nodular en región axilar izquierda que aumenta progresivamente de volumen hasta 10 cm de diámetro, adherida a planos profundos con telangiectasias peritumorales y ruptura espontánea con salida de descarga fibrinosa no fétida, acompañada de dolor de moderada intensidad con limitación funcional del miembro superior ipsilateral, motivo por el cual consulta a centro hospitalario donde es ingresado. Resultados: se le realiza biopsia de la lesión, la cual reportó tumor maligno indiferenciado de patrón epitelioide asociado a resultado positivo para vimentina y S-100 que confirma el diagnóstico de melanoma por lo que se decide iniciar ciclos de radioterapia. Conclusión: un posible diagnóstico diferencial del melanoma subungueal podría ser un hematoma subungueal pero cuando hay signos radiológicos de destrucción ósea, hay que tomar en cuenta osteomielitis, osteolisis postraumática o metástasis de un tumor primario. En pacientes con melanoma subungueal, metástasis ganglionar y antecedente de traumatismo en el sitio del tumor primario, es importante sospechar esta patología, con el fin de mejorar la supervivencia mediante el diagnóstico precoz(AU)
Objective: presentation of clinical case of an atypical presentation of subungual melanoma in the context of a patient with a history of trauma in his left hand and nodular metastatic lesion in left axillary region. Methods: a case report of male patient aged 50 with a history of amputation of distal phalanx of the left hallux due to blunt trauma and osteomyelitis who reports onset of present illness by presenting a nodular lesion in the left axillary region with progressive volume increase up to 10 cm diameter, attached to deep planes with peritumoral telangiectasias and spontaneous rupture with fibrinous and not fetid discharge outlet, with moderate intensity pain and ipsilateral upper limb functional limitation, which is why the patient is admitted to the hospital. Results: the biopsy of the lesion reported a malignant undifferentiated tumor with epithelioid pattern associated with positive outcome for vimentin and S-100 confirming the diagnosis of melanoma so it was decided to start cycles of radiotherapy. Conclusion: a differential diagnosis of the subungual melanoma could be a subungual hematoma but when there is radiographic evidence of bone destruction, we must take into consideration osteomyelitis, posttraumatic osteolysis or metastases from a primary tumor. In patients with subungual melanoma, lymph node metastases and a history of trauma in the primary tumor site, this entity must be considered in order to improve survival through early diagnosis(AU)
