ABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar competências médicas marcadas pelo estigma contra pessoas com transtornos mentais, analisando, a partir do conceito de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, a interferência da formação médica no pensamento e na ação dos médicos da atenção básica para a condução de casos de pessoas com esses transtornos. Utilizou-se o recurso metodológico da observação participante e uma aula aplicada por um psiquiatra para médicos da atenção básica em atividade de matriciamento. Descrevemos a estratégia pedagógica desenvolvida que, quando analisada, foi capaz de demonstrar estigmas nas competências de médicos com potencial consequência negativa no atendimento dos usuários, sendo identificados generalizações, reducionismos, desesperança e outros sentimentos negativos associados com barreiras de acesso ao cuidado.
Abstract This article aims to identify medical competencies marked by stigma against people with mental disorders. We analyzed, based on Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus, the interference of medical training in the thinking and action of primary care doctors to manage cases of people with those disorders. This research used features of participant observation on a lesson applied by a psychiatrist for primary care physicians in matrix support activities. We describe the pedagogical strategy developed that, when analyzed, was able to demonstrate stigmas in the competencies of doctors, with a potential negative consequence for healthcare, like generalizations, reductionisms, hopelessness and other feelings associated with barriers to access to care giving of that population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Mental Health , Health Human Resource Training , Ethics, Medical , Social Stigma , Social Responsibility , Brazil , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Mentally Ill Persons , Anthropology, MedicalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Despite barriers, organizations with varying characteristics have achieved full integration of primary care services with providers and services that identify, treat, and manage those with mental health and substance use disorders. What are the key factors and common themes in stories of this success? METHODS: A systematic literature review and snowball sampling technique was used to identify organizations. Site visits and key informant interviews were conducted with 6 organizations that had over time integrated behavioral health and primary care services. Case studies of each organization were independently coded to identify traits common to multiple organizations. RESULTS: Common characteristics include prioritized vulnerable populations, extensive community collaboration, team approaches that included the patient and family, diversified funding streams, and data-driven approaches and practices. CONCLUSIONS: While significant barriers to integrating behavioral health and primary care services exist, case studies of organizations that have successfully overcome these barriers share certain common factors.
Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Mental Disorders/therapy , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Decision Making , Humans , Policy MakingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is a severe shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) in the United States, an increasingly recognized high prevalence of mental disorders in young people, and widely supported goals to provide more mental health services in the primary care setting. METHOD: A number of innovative, state-wide or more local, publically funded programs have been developed in the United States over the last several years to respond to these challenges and to provide CAP consultation to primary care physicians (PCPs) who wish to address the mental health disorders of their patients in the primary care setting. RESULTS: A number of these programs and their approaches to consultation are described. An example of a clinical scenario that might be addressed using this model of CAP/PCP collaboration is offered. CONCLUSIONS: An innovative model of consultation to PCPs from CAPs appears able to facilitate the treatment of many young people with mental health disorders in the primary care setting.
