ABSTRACT
Fulvic acids (FA) are one of the components of humic substances and play an important role in the interaction with metallic species and, consequently, the bioavailability, distribution and toxicity of metals. However, only a few studies have investigated these FA properties in specific environment, such as anthropogenic soils. Therefore, knowledge about FA molecular composition as well as the FA-metal interaction is essential to predict their behavior in the soil. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the molecular composition of FA extracted from two sites in an anthropogenic soil (Terra Mulata), from the Amazon region, as well as their interactions with Cu(II) ions as a model. Results from 13C NMR, infrared and elemental analysis showed that these FA are composed mostly by alkyl structures and oxygen-functional groups, e.g., hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl. The interaction with Cu(II) ions was evaluated by fluorescence quenching, in which the FA showed both high quantity of complexing sites per gram of carbon and good affinity to interact with the metal when compared with other soil FA. The results showed that the complexation capacity was highly correlated by the content of functional groups, while the binding affinity was largely influenced by structural factors. In addition, through the lifetime decay given by time-resolved fluorescence, it was concluded that static quenching took place in FA and Cu(II) interaction with the formation of a non-fluorescent ground-state complex. Therefore, this fraction of soil organic matter will fully participate in complexation reactions, thereby influencing the mobility and bioavailability of metal in soils. Hence, the importance of the study, and the role of FA in the environment, can be seen especially in the Amazon, which is one of the most important biomes in the world.
Subject(s)
Benzopyrans/analysis , Coordination Complexes/analysis , Copper/analysis , Humic Substances/analysis , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Soil/chemistry , Benzopyrans/chemistry , Biological Availability , Brazil , Carbon/analysis , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Copper/chemistry , Fluorescence , Ions , Models, Theoretical , Soil Pollutants/chemistryABSTRACT
A series of 11 pairs of substituted pyrazine N-oxides, differing in the substituent position, were examined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in order to use spectra to assess the differentiation of positional isomers. For each compound, mass spectra were recorded with three different metal cations, namely calcium (II), copper (II) and aluminum (III), with characterization of the observed peaks. Differentiation between regioisomeric N-oxides has been achieved by comparison of the identity and relative intensities of the peaks originating from the adduct ions formed with the metal ions. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been employed to assist in the interpretation of the results obtained with each metal ion, exploring possible trends according to the nature and position of the substituent in the pyrazine N-oxide.
Subject(s)
Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Pyrazines/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Aluminum/chemistry , Copper/chemistry , Isomerism , Oxides/chemistry , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
Aroylhydrazones are compounds formed from the condensation of an acylhydrazine and an aldehyde. These compounds exhibit dynamic reversible properties such as isomerization photochemically and thermally activated, hydrazine substitution and coordination to metallic centers. All these together represent systems with multiple dynamics suitable for information storage devices and for the design of molecular photoswitches.
Las aroilhidrazonas son compuestos formados a partir de la condensación de una acilhidrazina y un aldehído. Estos compuestos presentan propiedades dinámicas reversibles tales como la isomerización activada térmica y fotoquímicamente, la sustitución de hidracina y la coordinación con centros metálicos. Todas estas representan sistemas con dinámicas múltiples apropiadas para dispositivos de almacenamiento de información y para el diseño de foto-interruptores moleculares.
Aroilhidrazonas são compostos formados a partir da condensação de uma acilhidrazina e um aldeído. Estes compostos apresentam propriedades reversíveis dinâmicas, como isomerização fotoquímica e termicamente ativada, substituição de hidrazina e coordenação de centros metálicos. Todos estes em conjunto representam sistemas com múl350 Revista Colombiana de Química, Volumen 41, nro. 3 de 2012 tiplas dinâmicas adequadas para dispositivos de armazenamento de informações e para o desenho de fotodispositivos moleculares.