ABSTRACT
The present study evaluated the effect of the essential oil of Mikania cordifolia (EOMc) and its major constituent limonene alone or associated with antibacterial drugs against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria (MDR). To evaluate the antibacterial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oil and limonene against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. The antibiotic-modulating activity was assessed using subinhibitory concentrations (MIC/8) of these substances in combination with conventional antibacterial drugs. Although no relevant antibacterial activity of the natural products was detected, both substances modulated the action of antibiotics against resistant bacteria. The EOMc demonstrated the best modulating effect against P. aeruginosa, presenting synergistic effects when associated with gentamicin and norfloxacin. In addition, the oil reduced the MIC of norfloxacin against E. coli as well as reduced the MIC of gentamicin against S. aureus. On the other hand, the best effect of limonene was obtained against S. aureus. Thus, it is concluded that the essential oil Mikania cordifolia and the isolated compound limonene do not have clinically significant antibacterial effect, but modulate the action of antibiotics against MDR bacteria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Limonene/pharmacology , Mikania/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Drug Synergism , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Norfloxacin/pharmacology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
The guaianolide 8-epi-mikanokryptin (1) and the melampolide 11Hß-11,13-dihydromicrantholide (2) along with known sesquiterpene lactones (3-13) and other constituents were isolated from the aerial parts of different populations of Mikania micrantha and Mikania cordifolia collected in several states of Mexico. The relative and absolute configurations of 1 were determined by X-ray diffraction and CD analysis, respectively. Considering the (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shift similarities and the H-H coupling constant values, a [(1)D(14), (15)D5] conformation was established for micrantholides (2, 8-13). We tested nearly all the sesquiterpene lactones for antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell lines, and they exhibited moderate activity. Additionally, in a mouse ear model of edema induced by TPA, the anti-inflammatory activities were marginal.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Lactones/chemistry , Mikania/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Disease Models, Animal , Edema , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Lactones/isolation & purification , Lactones/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mice , Molecular Structure , Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane/isolation & purification , Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane/pharmacologyABSTRACT
As plantas com potencial medicinal têm sido muito utilizadas para o tratamento de doenças no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito genotóxico e antiproliferativo de infusões de Mikania cordifolia (L.F.) Willd. sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa L. Foram coletadas duas populações no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, e, para cada uma, foram preparados dois tratamentos em duas concentrações: 4g/500mL e 16g/500mL, além de um controle positivo composto por 10% de glifosato em 90% água, um herbicida amplamente utilizado com conhecido potencial genotóxico, e de um controle negativo composto por água destilada. Após período de 24 horas, as radículas foram coletadas das infusões, fixadas em etanol-ácido acético (3:1) por 24 horas e estocadas em etanol 70%. Foram analisadas células em todas as fases do ciclo celular de A. cepa, totalizando 2500, para cada grupo de bulbos. Os índices mitóticos (IM) foram calculados e submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste χ² a 5%. Os resultados mostraram que, em ambas as populações de M. cordifolia, houve redução do IM de todos os tratamentos em relação ao controle negativo. Em ambas as populações, obteve-se aumento nos valores dos índices mitóticos em função do aumento da concentração da infusão. Ocorreram aberrações cromossômicas em ambas as populações estudadas. Concluiu-se que as infusões de M. cordifolia, nas concentrações estudadas, possuem efeito antiproliferativo e mutagênico sobre o ciclo celular de A. cepa.
Potential medicinal plants have been widely used for the treatment of diseases in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and antiproliferative effects of infusions of Mikania cordifolia (LF) Willd. on the cell cycle of Allium cepa L. Two populations were collected in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For each one, two treatments were prepared in different concentrations: 4g/500mL and 16g/500mL. A positive control consisting of 10% glyphosate in 90% water, which is an herbicide widely used and known for its genotoxic potential, was also prepared. Distilled water was used as negative control. After a 24-hour period, the infusion of the root tips was collected, fixed in ethanol-acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours and stored in 70% ethanol. Cells were analyzed in all phases of the cell cycle of A. cepa, a total of 2500, for each group of bulbs. The mitotic index (MI) was calculated and statistically analyzed by the χ² test at 5%. Results showed that, in both populations of M. cordifolia, a reduction of the MI in all treatments compared with the negative control was observed. In both populations, an increase in the mitotic index values was obtained with increasing concentration of the infusion. Chromosomal aberrations were observed in both populations studied. In conclusion, infusions of M. cordifolia possess antiproliferative and mutagenic effects for the concentrations tested on the cell cycle of A. cepa.
Subject(s)
Mikania/metabolism , Genotoxicity/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Mitotic IndexABSTRACT
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de tipo antiurolitiásico y la influencia en la función renal del extracto seco hidroalcohólico al 70% de Mikania cordifolia. (L.f.) Wildenow administrado por vía oral en ratas Holtzman previa inducción de litiasis renal por el método de hiperoxaluria (inducida con solución de etilenglicol al 0.75% y cloruro de amonio al 0.5% durante 21 días). Se planteó un estudio cuasi experimental con postprueba únicamente y grupos intactos. Se utilizaron 42 ratas albinas hembras las cuales fueron distribuidas en 6 grupos (n=7): de los cuales un grupo se tomó como testigo negativo y a los otros 5 se les indujo la litiasis renal. Una vez inducida la litiasis se tomó un grupo como testigo positivo y a los otros 4 se les administraron tratamiento con el extracto de la planta en estudio, a las dosis de 300 y 500 mg/ kg de peso, ambas durante 14 días y 21 días. Concluido el tiempo de tratamiento, se obtuvieron las muestras de sangre, orina y tejido renal. Se midieron los siguientes indicadores: flujo urinario, creatinina en suero y orina, sodio y potasio en suero y orina, pH en orina, acido oxálico en orina y se realizó el estudio histológico del tejido renal. El análisis de resultados indicó que el tratamiento con el extracto de la planta en estudio a las dosis de 300 mg/Kg durante 21 días y 500 mg/Kg durante 14 y 21 días, incrementan el flujo urinario en un 75%, 77.78% y 66.69% respectivamente; y la depuración de creatinina en un 50.93%, 52.03% y 54.16% respectivamente, de forma significativa respecto al grupo testigo positivo; así mismo disminuye Jos niveles de ácido oxálico en orina en un 48%, 80% y 66.1 %(a las dosis de 300 mg/Kg durante 21 días y 500 mg/Kg durante 14 y 21 días respectivamente) de forma significativa respecto al grupo testigo positivo. Los resultados del análisis histopatológico indican que a las dosis de 300 mg/Kg durante 21 días y 500 mg/Kg durante 14 días, la presencia de microcristales es escasa, mientras que a la dosis de 500 mg/Kg de peso durante 21 no se evidencia presencia de microcristales en el tejido renal. Se concluye que el extracto seco hidroalcohólico preparado de los tallos y hojas de Mikania cordifolia. (L.f.) Willdenow. Presenta efecto antiurolitiasico y mejora la función renal a la dosis de 500 mg/kg de peso desde los 14 días de tratamiento y a la dosis de 300 mg/kg a los 21 días de tratamiento.
