Transcending Borders and Bias: The Multifaceted Life and Legacy of Dr. Hector Pérez García.

Héctor Pérez García's transformative leadership in Hispanic civil rights within the U.S. remains an integral topic of academic discussion. As a dedicated physician, a resilient World War II veteran, and a fervent civil rights advocate, García seamlessly merged these roles, paving a distinct path that defined his multifaceted advocacy. His unique approach and steadfast commitment to justice and equality not only solidified his position as a transformative leader but also emphasized the importance of his endeavors in shaping the nation's historical narrative. It is this intricate interplay of his personal experiences and professional pursuits that places García at the epicenter of academic discussions around Hispanic rights and activism. This paper is committed to unpacking the nuances of García's significant contributions, while also providing a comprehensive perspective on the socio-political landscape of his time - a setting that both shaped and was profoundly affected by his groundbreaking efforts.

Dr. Ignacio Fernández de Córdova (1777-1816): illustrated physician and the first American fabulist.

In this paper, we have tried to integrate a biography with the greatest data that we were able to obtain about the life of the Military Physician and Surgeon Ignacio Fernández de Córdova (1777-1816). For this purpose, we undertook the task of investigating the parish archives of the State of Guanajuato and Michoacán, as well as examining the bibliography on the subject. In the same way, it was possible to determine his degree of studies and the places where he did them. We know that he was briefly a member of Hidalgo's troops, and that in his native Valladolid/Morelia he was director of the San Juan de Dios Hospital. On the other hand, in short, an incomprehensible doubt has been elucidated: Fernández de Córdova was the first fabulist in Mexico, and the first formal one in the American Continent; for the glory of the New Hispanic guild of the times of the Enlightenment.

En el presente artículo hemos tratado de integrar una biografía con los mayores datos que nos fue posible obtener sobre la vida del médico y cirujano militar Ignacio Fernández de Córdova (1777-1816). Para tal efecto nos dimos a la tarea de indagar en archivos parroquiales del Estado de Guanajuato y Michoacán, así como examinar la bibliografía concerniente al tema. De igual manera, fue asequible determinar su grado de estudios y los lugares donde los efectuó. Sabemos que brevemente militó en las tropas de Hidalgo y que en su natal Valladolid/Morelia fue director del Hospital de San Juan de Dios. Por otra parte, en definitiva, se ha dilucidado una incomprensible duda: Fernández de Córdova fue el primer fabulista de México y el primero formal del Continente Americano, para gloria del gremio novohispano de los tiempos de la Ilustración.

Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Within the Intensive Care Unit During a Military Deployment for the Early Pandemic Surge in New York City.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in a worldwide pandemic that at the time of this writing has caused over 400,000 deaths within the United States. During the pandemic surge in New York City, NY, a number of military Medical Corps (MC) and Nurse Corps (NC) providers were mobilized in direct support of critical care capabilities through expansion intensive care units. In the course of the deployment, high rates of neurological-related manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection were directly observed by our military provider teams which will be described and supporting literature highlighted. This is organic information absorbed in real time during the early stages of the pandemic in New York City. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 varied in presentation and severity. Cerebral vascular injuries documented included strokes, iatrogenic intraparenchymal hemorrhage, hypoxia-related changes and sequelae, as well as acquired diseases secondary to delayed treatment of other primary neurologic disease states. Hypercoagulable and inflammatory markers (d-dimer, C-reactive protein, etc) were commonly elevated, and anticoagulation became a key factor in disease treatment and to help mitigate the downstream neurologic sequelae associated with this disease. Here we present these initial findings to lay the groundwork for more robust clinical studies moving forward.

Comparing Compensation of U.S. Military Physicians and Civilian Physicians in Residency Training and Beyond.

Introduction  Resident physicians have a professional degree but are compensated less than other recently graduated professionals such as lawyers or nurse practitioners. The U.S. Military Healthcare System differs from the civilian setting in that physicians' salaries are based primarily on military rank. We compared military and civilian physician salaries across various specialties to determine if the increased military pay during residency compensates for military attending physicians' lower income as compared to their civilian counterparts. Methods This cross-sectional study compares military and civilian pay for resident and attending physicians in the fields of Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN), Family Medicine, and General Surgery. Military pay was obtained from 2018 Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) data. Civilian salaries were obtained from the Medscape 2018 Residents Salary & Debt Report, Medical Group Management Association (MGMA) 2018 Provider Compensation Report, and 2017-2018 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Salary Report. Results Military resident physicians earned 53% more than civilian residents while military attending physicians earned 32%-58% less (after taxes) than their civilian counterparts, varying by specialty. Military attending physicians' negative pay differential occurred in both academic and non-academic practice environments through MGMA data. Discussion The positive pay differential in military residency does not compensate for the negative pay differential of military attending physicians face as compared to their civilian counterparts. This negative pay differential persisted when comparing post-tax pay. Some military service benefits, such as decreased educational debt, are challenging to quantify and vary considerably between individuals. As the military seeks to reshape its healthcare force, military and civilian compensation differences should be considered.

Care Under Fire: United States Army Physician Survey.

United States Army healthcare has faced increasing criticism in recent years from its own active duty physicians. Internal surveys of active duty physicians demonstrate a lack of successful intervention in an annual exodus countered only by ongoing recruiting efforts. Anecdotal experience suggests much more widespread discontent due to numerous factors than has been reported publicly. This cross-sectional survey study of 94 active duty physicians paints a vivid picture of an organization in crisis: a majority of physicians planning to separate at the end of their obligation, leadership out of touch with the needs of physicians, and systematic deterioration of clinical skills. Subgroup analysis offers insight into why reforms are unlikely to come from within the medical corps. Prospective recruits are also provided the most comprehensive view yet of life as an active-duty Army physician with a majority reporting unmet expectations, a willingness to accept a financial debt in exchange for early separation, and a low likelihood to recommend participating in the current Army medical recruitment programs. Reorientation of recruiting efforts to focus on attending physicians is discussed to address core deficiencies with multiple downstream effects.

Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program: Building the Bench.

The role of physicians in the U.S. Armed Forces is diverse, encompassing a wide array of skills and responsibilities to provide superior healthcare to their patients and to advance military medicine. In addition to healthcare delivery and medical education, military physicians are engaged in public health, operational medicine, and cutting-edge medical research. Thus, clinical research is a crucial component of Graduate Medical Education (GME) and supports critical thinking (knowledge, skills, and abilities) and the development of leadership skills among U.S. military physicians. The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) education mission was established in 2005 with the overall goal of supporting the development and training of the next generation of clinical researchers in infectious diseases and related public health disciplines in the Armed Forces using several strategies, including didactic learning, mentored research, and research engagement. Through involvement in the IDCRP, infectious disease fellows, residents (e.g., surgical, internal medicine, and pediatrics), and Master of Public Health (MPH) students have continued their education and gained valuable skills related to clinical research. Trainees either conduct research with IDCRP mentors or participate in IDCRP-led practicum experiences, with research projects ranging from epidemiologic studies to microbiological assessments. Consistent with the needs of the Military Health System (MHS), and in accordance with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education goals, the IDCRP provides opportunities for medical and graduate students, residents, and infectious disease fellows to conduct mentored research within the MHS, as well as gain important leadership skills in the conduct of clinical research. Overall, IDCRP continues to further infectious disease research through the support and education of the next generation of active-duty infectious disease researchers in the MHS.

El coronel José Lázaro Martín Marrero y su nexo con la medicina militar cubana / Colonel José Lázaro Martín Marrero and his link in Cuban military medicine

Los orígenes de la medicina militar cubana se remontan a la incipiente participación de los médicos en las luchas por la independencia del colonialismo español. Una vez instaurada la República, algunos médicos del Ejército Libertador integraron los primeros núcleos de lo que sería el esbozo inicial de la sanidad militar de las fuerzas armadas en su etapa fundacional, con lo cual contribuyeron a su posterior desenvolvimiento. Para ampliar y profundizar en este tema, se presentan los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica dirigida al estudio de una de las personalidades de nuestra medicina militar. Se trata del coronel médico José Lázaro Martín Marrero, quien tuvo un papel relevante en la sanidad militar durante la guerra de independencia y más tarde participó en sucesos significativos vinculados con el ulterior desarrollo de la medicina militar en Cuba. Los resultados del presente trabajo permiten señalarlo como un nexo que relacionó diferentes generaciones de médicos militares(AU)

The origins of the Cuban military medicine are found in the early participation of the physicians in the fights by the independence from the Spanish colonialism. Once the Republic was established, some doctors of the Liberating Army integrated the first nuclei of what would be the initial draft of military health of the armed forces in its founding stage, which contributed to its subsequent development. To expand and deepen this topic, we present the results of a bibliographic review aimed at the study of one of the personalities of our military medicine. This is the doctor Colonel Jose Lazaro Martin Marrero, who played an important role in military health during the war of independence and later participated in significant events related to the further development of military medicine in Cuba. The results of the present study allow to point him out as a nexus that related different generations of military doctors(AU)

Del Behique al médico militar / From Behique to Militar Phsician

La historia de la medicina cubana ha transitado por diferentes etapas y ha tenido sus orígenes en el hechicero-curandero, también llamado Behique, quien fue el iniciador de los procederes terapéuticos en las luchas de los aborígenes contra el invasor. Esta actividad se desarrolló en condiciones difíciles por los médicos que participaron en las guerras independentistas como integrantes de la sanidad militar mambisa. Esta tradición también estuvo presente en los galenos del ejército rebelde y al triunfar la revolución en 1959 se incrementó con la formación de los que ejercen esta profesión en la esfera militar, utilizando además los adelantos científicos-tecnológicos en el campo de la medicina. Se pretende hacer un recorrido por la historia de la formación del profesional de salud que participó en los conflictos bélicos desde el origen de los Behiques hasta los momentos actuales(AU)

The history of Cuban medicine has traveled through different stages and its origins are sorcerer-healer, also called behique, who was the initiator of the therapeutic procedures in the aboriginal struggles against the invader. This activity was developed under difficult conditions by doctors who participated in the wars of independence as members of the mambí military health corp. This tradition was also present in the doctors of the rebel army. When the Revolution triumphed in 1959, this practice of training increased for those in the military sphere, also using scientific and technological advances in the field of medicine. It is intended to make a journey through history of the health professional formation who participated in the warlike conflicts since its original behique to the present times(AU)

Del Behique al médico militar / From Behique to Militar Phsician

La historia de la medicina cubana ha transitado por diferentes etapas y ha tenido sus orígenes en el hechicero-curandero, también llamado Behique, quien fue el iniciador de los procederes terapéuticos en las luchas de los aborígenes contra el invasor. Esta actividad se desarrolló en condiciones difíciles por los médicos que participaron en las guerras independentistas como integrantes de la sanidad militar mambisa. Esta tradición también estuvo presente en los galenos del ejército rebelde y al triunfar la revolución en 1959 se incrementó con la formación de los que ejercen esta profesión en la esfera militar, utilizando además los adelantos científicos-tecnológicos en el campo de la medicina. Se pretende hacer un recorrido por la historia de la formación del profesional de salud que participó en los conflictos bélicos desde el origen de los Behiques hasta los momentos actuales(AU)

The history of Cuban medicine has traveled through different stages and its origins are sorcerer-healer, also called behique, who was the initiator of the therapeutic procedures in the aboriginal struggles against the invader. This activity was developed under difficult conditions by doctors who participated in the wars of independence as members of the mambi military health corp. This tradition was also present in the doctors of the rebel army. When the Revolution triumphed in 1959, this practice of training increased for those in the military sphere, also using scientific and technological advances in the field of medicine. It is intended to make a journey through history of the health professional formation who participated in the warlike conflicts since its original behique to the present times(AU)

The military physician and contested medical humanitarianism: a dueling identity?

A critical issue in the study of humanitarianism is who counts as a medical humanitarian. Military physicians are often characterized as caught between the potentially incompatible roles of physician and military professional. Medical NGOs, such as Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), have also vociferously rejected military medical humanitarianism: questioning the mandate, skills, and appropriateness of military involvement in humanitarian medicine as well as the potential impact on 'humanitarian space'. Yet many military doctors contest this. Consequently this study examines the ways in which primarily British military physicians identify and manage their identities as both medical humanitarians and soldiers. The research utilized a mixed method, grounded theory approach involving systematic document searches/expert identification of a core literature of 300 policy and peer reviewed documents, plus grey literature and 53 formal medical post operational reports from units serving in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2004 and 2012. Semi structured interviews involved purposive sampling (34 respondents) ranging from a former Surgeon General to more junior staff. Methods also included an analysis of the original data and literature from the 2003 Medical Services Delphi study (involving an additional 40 experts and an extensive literature review) on military medical identity/future roles as well as direct observation of military doctors in Iraq and Afghanistan (two, 2 month research trips). The research concluded that military physicians conceived of themselves as autonomous medical humanitarians with an individual morality rooted in civilian medical ethics that facilitated resistance to the potentially hegemonic military identity. Nevertheless military physicians were part of a medical organization with fundamentally different priorities from those of civilian humanitarian physicians. Furthermore, the perceived emergence of multiple civilian 'humanitarianisms' has legitimated a space for the military physician alongside other variants of humanitarianism. This study contributes to the growing body of work on the self-identity of health professionals as humanitarians in conflict settings and demonstrates how the military medical identity fits into a fragmented civilian humanitarianism.

Discussion on the Military Physician's Quality of the Future Limited High-tech War / 中国医学伦理学

Military physicians is one of the most important sections of medical service capability since they shoulder the sacred responsibility of healing the wounded and rescuing the dying and maintain and improve the fighting effectiveness of the army. The article analyses the influence of the future limited high-tech war on military medicine and the feature of military service , Based on these materials, Discussion on the military physician's quality of the future limited high tech war has been made.