Multilocus inherited neoplasia allele syndrome: report of uncommon combinations between CHEK2/ATM and BRCA1/CDKN2A genes.

Background: Multilocus inherited neoplasia allelic syndrome (MINAS) is a recently coined term that describes the coexistence of two or more pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs) in a single individual. Case presentation: This article presents two cases of MINAS due to rare CSG combinations. The first was a 37-year-old woman carrying PVs in the mutated ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) and CHEK2 genes, with HER-2 positive unilateral breast cancer at 29. The second was a 53-year-old woman carrying PVs in the BRCA1 and CDKN2A genes, who presented with triple-negative breast cancer at 51. We describe their family history and treatment, where the lack of evidence for personalised management becomes evident. Conclusion: Predicting the phenotypic effect of harbouring two variants in CSG is challenging. It is essential to encourage the notification of other cases and carry out functional studies to establish specific risks for affected individuals to develop personalised follow-up guidelines to reduce the associated morbimortality.

Occurrence of serological reactions for Leptospira spp. in donkeys and mules from Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Research concerning leptospirosis in donkeys and mules has been neglected around the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological situation of the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in donkeys and mules from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Blood serum samples were collected from 180 animals (109 donkeys and 71 mules) in two rural properties from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and then submitted to a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Urea and creatinine values were also quantified. Epidemiological variables such as age, breeding system, contact with other animal species, source of water and food, vaccination against leptospirosis, presence of reproductive alterations, and rodent control were also investigated. From 180 samples collected, 39 (21.67%) showed positive results in the MAT, at a dilution ≥ 1:100. Some animals were reactive for more than one serovar. The serovar Tarassovi was the most frequent (14.07%), followed by Hardjo (11.85%) and Wolffi (11.11%). There was a statistically significant difference between animals from 0 to 3 years of age reactive in the MAT in comparison to the other age groups. Most of the animals had urea and creatinine concentrations within the acceptable reference limit; however, there was a significant increase in creatinine levels in some of the test animals. The studied properties showed differences in some epidemiological aspects such as vaccination of the animals, presence of reproductive problems in the herd, and rodent control. Such aspects pointed as risk factors that may influence the frequency of positive serological results in property 1. The present study demonstrated that the prevalence of leptospirosis in donkeys and mules is high and several serovars are being maintained by these animals, representing a potential public health risk.

Genomic Surveillance of Monkeypox Virus, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2022.

Phylogenetic analysis of 34 monkeypox virus genome sequences isolated from patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil, revealed initial importation events in early June 2022, then community transmission within the state. All generated genomes belonged to the B.1 lineage responsible for a global mpox outbreak. These findings can inform public health measures.

Evaluating the potential of biodiversity offsets to achieve net gain.

Evaluating the outcomes and tracking the trajectory of biodiversity offsets is essential to demonstrating their effectiveness as a mechanism to conciliate development and conservation. We reviewed the literature to determine the principles that should underpin biodiversity offset planning and the criteria for offset evaluation at the project level. According to the literature, the core principles of equivalence, additionality, and permanence are used as criteria to evaluate conservation outcomes of offsets. We applied the criteria to evaluate offsets of a large iron ore mining project in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. We examined equivalence in terms of the amount of area per biodiversity value affected and fauna and flora similarity, additionality in terms of landscape connectivity, and permanence in terms of guarantees to ensure protection and restoration offsets lasting outcomes. We found an offset ratio (amount of affected area:offset area) of 1:1.8 for forests and 1:2 for grasslands. Ecological equivalence (i.e., similarity between affected and offset areas) was found for forested areas, but not for ferruginous rupestrian grasslands or for fauna. Landscape metrics showed that connectivity improved relative to the preproject situation as a result of locating restoration offsets in the largest and best-connected forest patch. Permanence of offsets was addressed by establishing covenants and management measures, but financial guarantees to cover maintenance costs after mine closure were lacking. Offsets should be equivalent in type and size, provide conservation outcomes that would not be obtained without them (additionality), and be lasting (permanence). To monitor and evaluate offsets, it is necessary to determine how well these 3 principles are applied in the planning, implementation, and maintenance of offsets. Achieving measurable conservation outcomes from offsets is a long-term endeavor that requires sustained management support, and is information intensive. Thus, offsets require ongoing monitoring and evaluation as well as adaptive management.

Evaluación del potencial de las compensaciones por biodiversidad para obtener ganancias netas Resumen La evaluación de resultados y el rastreo de la trayectoria de las compensaciones por biodiversidad son esenciales para demostrar su efectividad como mecanismo de conciliación entre el desarrollo y la conservación. Revisamos la literatura para determinar los principios que deberían sustentar los planes de compensación y los criterios para evaluarla a nivel de proyecto. Según la literatura, se usan los principios nucleares de equivalencia, adicionalidad y permanencia como criterio para evaluar los resultados de conservación de las compensaciones. Aplicamos este criterio para evaluar las compensaciones de un gran proyecto minero de mineral de hierro en el Bosque Atlántico de Brasil. Analizamos la equivalencia en términos de cantidad de área por valor de biodiversidad afectado y similitudes entre la flora y fauna; la adicionalidad en términos de conectividad de paisaje; y la permanencia en términos de las garantías que aseguran que las compensaciones tengan resultados longevos de restauración y protección. Descubrimos una proporción en las compensaciones (cantidad del área afectada:área de compensación) de 1:1.8 para los bosques y de 1:2 en los campos naturales. Encontramos equivalencias ecológicas (es decir, la similitud entre las áreas afectadas y las de compensación) para las áreas boscosas, pero no para los campos rupestres ferruginosos ni para la fauna. Las medidas del paisaje mostraron que la conectividad mejoró en relación a la situación previa al proyecto gracias a la ubicación de las compensaciones por restauración en los fragmentos de bosque más grandes y mejor conectados. Establecimos Contractos y medidas de manejo fueron establecidos la permanencia de las compensaciones, pero las garantías económicas para cubrir los costos de mantenimiento después del cierre de la mina no están suficientemente garantizadas. Las compensaciones deberían ser iguales en tipo y tamaño (equivalencia), proporcionar resultados de conservación que no se obtendrían en su ausencia (adicionalidad) y ser duraderas (permanencia). Se necesita determinar cómo se aplican estos tres principios en la planeación, implementación y mantenimiento de las compensaciones para poder monitorearlas. Si se quieren lograr resultados medibles de conservación, se necesita que el manejo cuente con un apoyo mantenido y a largo plazo que contenga con información intensiva. Por lo tanto, las compensaciones requieren un monitoreo y evaluación continua además del manejo adaptativo.

Experimental data of heat transfer nanofluids for trigeneration systems: viscosity at below-ambient temperatures.

The present work exhibits the dynamic viscosity profile data of three distinct nanofluids, at a constant shear stress, and within a range of temperatures that include below-ambient conditions (from -10 to 20 °C). The nanofluids were as follows. Nanofluid I: 30% ethylene glycol and 70% distilled water (v/v), with graphene (0.32% in mass); Nanofluid II: 30% engine coolant NBR 13705; ASTM D-3306; ASTM D-4985) and 70% distilled water (v/v), with graphene (0.2% in mass); and Nanofluid III: 30% engine coolant and 70% distilled water (v/v), with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) (0.2% in mass). The present work was motivated by the scarcity of experimental data on the temperature dependence of viscosity for graphene, MWCNT, and their hybrid nanofluids, at below-ambient temperatures.

A New Bacteriocin from Latilactobacillus sakei: In vitro and In situ Application.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Natural preservatives are a viable alternative to replace chemical preservatives that have potential toxicity and carcinogenic effects. OBJECTIVE: To prove the effectiveness in increasing the microbiological stability of Minas Frescal cheese with the addition of a bacteriocin obtained from Latilactobacillus sakei as a natural preservative. METHODS: A new broad-spectrum bacteriocin was evaluated for its functional activity in vitro and in situ when applied in the formulation of Minas Frescal cheese. A commercial bacteriocin was used as a positive control. RESULTS: The inhibitory action of the bacteriocin studied was confirmed, with a reduction of 42.86% in the count of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in relation to the negative control, at the end of the 30 days of study. For the group of thermotolerant coliforms, the bacteriocin studied showed greater efficiency than the commercial preservative. In vitro analyzes showed the inhibitory action of bacteriocin, above 87% inhibition against S. aureus, E. coli and Salmonela enteritidis, and approximately 90% against Listeria monocytogenes. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the bacteriocin produced by the Latilactobacillus sakei strain has great potential for application in foods such as Minas Frescal cheese.

Implantação da gestão de custos hospitalares: estudo dos desafios enfrentados e das estratégias implementadas pelo ministério da saúde, pela secretaria de estado da saúde e pelos hospitais vinculados ao projeto OtimizaSUS / Implementation of hospital cost management: study of the challenges faced and the strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health, the State Department of Health and the hospitals linked to the OtimizaSUS project

Os hospitais desempenham um papel central no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), dada a sua significativa contribuição na prestação de assistência médica e sua representatividade considerável nos gastos totais em saúde. Abordar questões relacionadas ao financiamento e à sustentabilidade econômico-financeira dessas instituições requer uma base sólida de informações sobre os custos envolvidos. No entanto, a implantação de uma eficaz gestão de custos é reconhecida como uma tarefa complexa. Com o intuito de enfrentar esse desafio, a Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES/MG), em consonância com o Programa Nacional de Gestão de Custos do Ministério da Saúde (PNGC/MS), concebeu o Projeto OtimizaSUS, vinculado à Política de Atenção Hospitalar Valora Minas. Essa iniciativa proporcionará apoio técnico e financeiro a 145 hospitais localizados em Minas Gerais, com o propósito de capacitá-los para a efetiva implantação da gestão de custos de acordo com as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde. O objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em analisar o processo de implantação do sistema de gestão de custos hospitalares vinculados ao Projeto OtimizaSUS, na visão do Ministério da Saúde, da Diretoria Hospitalar da SES/MG e dos hospitais vinculados à primeira onda. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: analisar quais são os objetivos e benefícios esperados, as estratégias definidas e os desafios enfrentados pela Diretoria Hospitalar da SES/MG e pela Coordenação do PNGC do MS com a implantação do sistema de gestão de custos hospitalares e analisar os desafios enfrentados com a implantação do sistema de gestão de custos hospitalares na visão dos Diretores e dos Gestores de Custos dos Hospitais da primeira onda, bem como os benefícios esperados e as estratégias implementadas. Este estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. As técnicas de investigação utilizadas compreendem análise documental aprofundada e entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas. Os participantes da pesquisa foram a Diretoria Hospitalar da SES/MG, o técnico do Ministério da Saúde responsável pela implementação do Gestão de Custos em Minas Gerais e os Diretores/Gestores de Custos dos Hospitais da primeira onda. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 participantes. O método adotado foi o estudo de caso descritivo. A técnica de amostragem utilizada na pesquisa foi a intencional por acessibilidade. A unidade de análise foi o processo de implantação da gestão de custos hospitalares vinculado ao Projeto OtimizaSUS nos hospitais da primeira onda. A análise de dados qualitativa foi realizada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, estabelecendo-se como categorias temáticas: objetivos com o projeto, benefícios esperados com o projeto, estratégias utilizadas para a implantação da gestão de custos e os desafios enfrentados para a implantação da gestão de custos. Percebeu-se com o presente estudo que, apesar de todos os atores envolvidos compreenderem a importância da implantação da gestão de custos nas unidades hospitalares, ela foi identificada como deficiente, prejudicando a melhoria da saúde pública e dos serviços oferecidos à população. O estudo ressaltou a necessidade de investir na mensuração de custos para embasar decisões estratégicas e elevar a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. A Política de Atenção Hospitalar Valora Minas foi criada para priorizar a qualidade da assistência e a eficiência nos hospitais, em resposta às mudanças nas necessidades hospitalares. O Projeto OtimizaSUS, uma extensão da política Valora Minas, visa melhorar a administração hospitalar, implementando a gestão de custos e a metodologia Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) para preencher lacunas de informações. Os gestores hospitalares entrevistados reconhecem a importância do projeto e esperam que ele contribua para uma remuneração equitativa com base na qualidade e custos dos serviços. No entanto, há preocupações sobre a continuidade do projeto com mudanças na administração pública. O presente estudo ressalta a necessidade de monitoramento constante para aprimorar a gestão da saúde pública e a continuidade do projeto. A proposta do projeto permite acompanhar e analisar os desafios e limitações ao longo do processo de gestão, com o objetivo de construir conhecimento científico e prático aplicável à administração da saúde no âmbito do SUS. O produto técnico deste trabalho foi a elaboração de um relatório técnico e a apresentação dos resultados da pesquisa para todos os atores envolvidos: MS, SES/MG e Hospitais, visando facilitar o projeto de implantação da gestão de custos vinculados ao Projeto OtimizaSUS.

Hospitals play a central role in the context of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), given their significant contribution to the provision of medical care and their considerable representation in total healthcare expenditures. Addressing issues related to the financing and economic-financial sustainability of these institutions requires a solid foundation of information about the costs involved. However, the implementation of effective cost management is recognized as a complex task. In order to tackle this challenge, the State Health Department of Minas Gerais (SES/MG), in alignment with the National Cost Management Program of the Ministry of Health (PNGC), conceived the OtimizaSUS Project, linked to the Valora Minas Hospital Care Policy. This initiative will provide technical and financial support to 145 hospitals located in Minas Gerais, with the purpose of equipping them for the effective implementation of cost management in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health. The overall objective of this study was to analyze the implementation process of the hospital cost management system linked to the OtimizaSUS Project, from the perspective of the Ministry of Health, the Hospital Directorate of the State Health Department of Minas Gerais, and the hospitals affiliated with the first wave. To achieve this objective, the following specific objectives were established: to analyze the objectives and expected benefits, the defined strategies, and the challenges faced by the Hospital Directorate of the State Health Department of Minas Gerais (SES/MG) and the Coordination of the National Cost Management Program (PNGC) of the Ministry of Health in implementing the hospital cost management system, and to analyze the challenges faced with the implementation of the hospital cost management system from the perspective of Directors and Cost Managers of the hospitals in the first wave, as well as the expected benefits and implemented strategies. This study is characterized as a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research. The research techniques used include in-depth document analysis and semi-structured individual interviews. The research participants were the Hospital Directorate of SES/MG, the technician from the Ministry of Health responsible for implementing Custody Management in Minas Gerais and the Custody Directors/Managers of the Hospitals of the first wave. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 12 participants. The adopted method was descriptive case study. The sampling technique used in the research was intentional accessibility sampling. The unit of analysis was the implementation process of hospital cost management linked to the OtimizaSUS Project in the hospitals of the first wave. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using content analysis technique, establishing thematic categories: project objectives, expected benefits from the project, strategies used for the implementation of cost management, and challenges faced in the implementation of cost management. This study revealed that, despite all stakeholders recognizing the importance of implementing cost management in hospital units, it was identified as deficient, hindering the improvement of public health and services provided to the population. The study emphasized the need to invest in cost measurement to support strategic decisions and elevate the quality of healthcare services. The Valora Minas Hospital Care Policy was created to prioritize the quality of care and efficiency in hospitals in response to changes in hospital needs. The OtimizaSUS Project, an extension of the Valora Minas policy, aims to enhance hospital administration by implementing cost management and the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) methodology to fill information gaps. The interviewed hospital managers acknowledge the importance of the project and expect it to contribute to equitable reimbursement based on the quality and costs of services. However, there are concerns about the project's continuity with changes in public administration. This study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring to improve public health management and the continuity of the project. The project's proposal allows for tracking and analyzing challenges and limitations throughout the management process, with the goal of building scientific and practical knowledge applicable to healthcare administration within the SUS framework. The technical output of this work was the preparation of a technical report and the presentation of research results to all stakeholders: the Ministry of Health, SES/MG, and Hospitals, with the aim of facilitating the implementation of cost management linked to the OtimizaSUS Project.

Epidemiological aspects of pediculosis by Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in Minas Gerais: a systematic review / Aspectos epidemiológicos da pediculose por Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) em Minas Gerais: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Background Head lice, or head pediculosis, is a parasitosis considered a serious public health problem that affects mainly resource-limited countries. Objective To describe epidemiological aspects of the pediculosis capitis in Minas Gerais, in Brazil. Method This systematic review was conducted through the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses (PRISMA). PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, as well as the gray literature, were searched. Results Nine of 1,167 studies were included, published between 1988 and 2019. These studies reported a total prevalence of parasitosis that ranged from 1.4% to 57.4%. The prevalence of head lice ranged from 0.0% to 66.7% for males and 2.3% to 57.4% for females, thus being higher in black-skinned people (1.4% to 40.3%). Regarding age, the highest prevalence was 10-12 years old (45.3%). As for the characteristics of the hair, there was a greater infestation in people with long (16.0% to 79.5%), wavy (0.0% to 44.7%), dark (0.0% to 36.6%), with low capillary density (35.4%), and thick hair (39.2%). Conclusion Head pediculosis affects both sexes, different ages, and races, representing an important health problem in Minas Gerais, not only due to the presence of ectoparasite but also to the secondary complications that can be generated from this parasitism.

Resumo Introdução A pediculose de cabeça é uma parasitose considerada um sério problema de saúde pública, afetando principalmente países com recursos limitados. Objetivo Descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos da pediculose de cabeça em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método Revisão sistemática conduzida por meio dos padrões estabelecidos pelo Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses (PRISMA). Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, bem como a literatura cinza. Resultados Nove de 1.167 estudos foram incluídos, publicados entre 1988 e 2019. Relatou-se uma prevalência total da parasitose que variou de 1,4% a 57,4%. Ela variou de 0,0% a 66,7% para homens e 2,3% a 57,4% para mulheres, sendo maior em pessoas de cor negra (1,4% a 40,3%). Em relação à idade, a maior prevalência foi de 10 a 12 anos (45,3%). Quanto às características dos cabelos, houve maior infestação em pessoas com cabelos longos (16,0% a 79,5%), ondulados (0,0% a 44,7%), escuros (0,0% a 36,6%), com baixa densidade capilar (35,4%) e fios grossos (39,2%). Conclusão A pediculose atinge ambos os sexos, diferentes idades e raças, representando um importante problema de saúde em Minas Gerais, não só pela presença do ectoparasita, mas também pelas complicações secundárias que podem ser geradas desse parasitismo.

O trem e a "senhorita espanhola": a epidemia de gripe em Diamantina, 1918 / The train and the "Spanish señorita": the flu epidemic in Diamantina, 1918

Resumo O artigo analisa a epidemia de gripe de 1918 em Diamantina, no interior de Minas Gerais. A partir de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, discute como o ramal ferroviário da Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas, inaugurado em 1914, contribuiu para a chegada da doença à cidade que, até então, era representada no discurso de suas elites como isolada e salubre. Aborda as imbricadas relações entre a expansão dos sistemas de transportes pelo interior do Brasil, o meio ambiente, o conhecimento científico e os processos saúde/doença.

Abstract The article analyzes the influenza epidemic in 1918 in Diamantina, a town in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Bibliographic and documental sources are used to investigate the influence of the Vitória-Minas railroad (Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas), opened in 1914, on the arrival of the disease in the town, which had until then been represented in the discourse of its elites as insalubrious and isolated. The interrelations between the spread of transportation systems across Brazil, the environment, scientific knowledge, and health-disease processes are discussed.

Doenças de africanos, doença africana: transformações da quijila, entre a África centro-ocidental e as Minas Gerais, Brasil, séculos XVII e XVIII / Diseases of Africans, an African disease: transformations of quijila between Central West Africa and Minas Gerais, in Brazil, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

Resumo Este artigo discute a origem da quijila/kijila na cultura centro-ocidental africana, mais particularmente no universo cultural dos imbangalas (jagas) e das populações ambundos e kimbundos, que viviam nas regiões portuguesas de Angola e do Congo, nos séculos XVII e XVIII. Em seguida, investiga como foi estruturado, compreendido e transformado o conceito de quijila tanto na África, basicamente um interdito alimentar, mas cujos significados e aplicações variam, quanto no Brasil, para onde foi transportado nos Setecentos, transformando-se numa doença que atacava os negros, especialmente os africanos de diversas origens, sendo enquadrada pelos médicos locais no universo da medicina hipocrática-galena vigente na época.

Abstract This article discusses the origin of quijila/kijila in Central West African culture, more particularly in the cultural universe of the Imbangala (Jaga) and the Ambundu and Kimbundu populations who lived in the Portuguese regions of Angola and the Congo in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Following this, it investigates how the concept of quijila was structured, comprehended, and transformed, both in Africa, where it was basically a food prohibition, but whose applications and meanings varied; and in Brazil, to where it was transported in the 1700s, and where it transformed into a disease which attacked blacks, especially Africans of various origins, being framed as such in the Hippocratic-Galen universe characteristic of that time.

Psicologia educacional e escolar no "Jornal do Psicólogo" do CRP-MG / Educational and School Psychology in the "Journal of Psychologist" of CRP-MG / Psicología Educativa y Escolar en el "Jornal do Psicólogo" del CRP-MG

O Jornal do Psicólogo (JP) do Conselho Regional de Psicologia de Minas Gerais (CRP-MG) é uma fonte histórica sobre a interface Psicologia e Educação. Este estudo objetivou analisar as referências à Psicologia Educacional e Escolar (PEE) nesse periódico, elencando as citações sobre o profissional dessa área e a Educação brasileira, se essas referências são fundamentadas em pressupostos críticos, e quais são as contribuições veiculadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e documental, cujo corpus foi constituído por 89 edições do jornal, das quais 35 traziam dados sobre a temática, que foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo. Os artigos selecionados para amostra denotam atuação do psicólogo numa perspectiva institucional e crítica, destacando-se a promoção de eventos, notícias sobre a criação da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional e referência a profissionais mineiros. Os anos de 1999 a 2004 foram os mais produtivos com relação às publicações, corroborando a produção acadêmica crítica em PEE à época. Acredita-se que o decréscimo nos anos seguintes está relacionado à defesa do psicólogo como profissional da saúde. As gestões do CRP-MG influenciam os conteúdos do JP, mas, geralmente, a PEE é menos citada dentre as temáticas, como saúde mental e luta antimanicomial. As referências à Educação são pautadas nos Direitos Humanos e na concepção de escola democrática. O JP cumpre o papel de tratar as práticas do psicólogo na Educação numa perspectiva contrária à atuação individualizante e médico-clínica; porém, carece de uma maior divulgação da PEE a fim de fortalecer a imagem desse profissional como agente de transformação do contexto escolar. (AU)

The CRP-MG Newspaper entitled "Jornal do Psicólogo" (JP) is a historical source on the interface between Psychology and Education. This study aims to analyze the references to Educational and School Psychology (in Portuguese PEE) in this newspaper, listing quotes about the professional in this area and Brazilian Education and if these references are over critical bases: what are the criticisms and contributions conveyed. This is a qualitative and documentary research whose search data consists of 89 editions of the newspaper (35 bring data on the theme) treated through content analysis. The articles show the psychologist's performance in an institutional and critical perspective, highlighting the promotion of events, news about the creation of the Brazilian Association of School and Educational Psychology and the reference to professionals from Minas Gerais that area. From 1999 to 2004 the most productive years in terms of publications, corroborating the critical academic production in PEE at the time. The decrease in the following years is related to the defense of the psychologist as a health professional. The administrations of the CRP influence the contents of the newspaper, but, generally, PEE is less mentioned than other themes, such as mental health and psychiatric reform. References to Education are based on Human Rights and the concept of a democratic school. The newspaper JP fulfills the role of treating the psychologist's practices in Education in a perspective contrary to the individualizing and clinical medical model, however, it needs a greater dissemination of PEE to strengthen this professional as a school context agent of transformation. (AU)

El Periódico del Consejo Regional de Psicología del Estado de Minas Gerais (CRP-MG), llamado "Jornal do Psicólogo" (JP), es una fuente histórica sobre la interfaz Psicología y Educación. El estudio objetiva analizar las referencias a la Psicología Educativa y Escolar (PEE) en este periódico, enumerando las citas sobre el profesional de esta área y la Educación brasileña, cuestionando si estas se basan en supuestos críticos y cuáles son las críticas y sus contribuciones. Es una investigación cualitativa y documental, siendo elementos de investigación 89 ediciones, de las cuales 35 aportan datos sobre el tema, que fueron tratados a través del análisis de contenido. El desempeño del psicólogo se retrata desde una perspectiva institucional y crítica, destacando la promoción de eventos, noticias sobre la creación de la Asociación Brasileña de PEE y la referencia a profesionales de MG que contribuyeron al área. Los años 1999 a 2004 fueron los más productivos en términos de publicaciones, corroborando la producción académica crítica del momento. La disminución en los años siguientes está relacionada con la defensa del psicólogo como profesional de la salud. Las gestiones del CRP influyen en el periódico, pero, en general, la PEE es menos citada que otros temas, como la salud mental y la reforma psiquiátrica. Referencias a la Educación se basan en los Derechos Humanos y en la idea de la escuela democrática. El periódico cumple el papel de tratar las prácticas psicológicas en Educación en una perspectiva contraria a la actuación individualizante y modelo médico clínico, sin embargo, necesita una mayor difusión del PEE para fortalecer la imagen del psicólogo como agente de transformación de la escuela. (AU)

Caracterización de un Consorcio Microbiano Metanogénico de una Mina de Carbón en la Cuenca de Bogotá / Characterization of a Methanogenic Microbial Consortium from a Coal Mine in Bogotá Basin

RESUMEN En el trabajo se estudió un consorcio microbiano metanogénico de una mina de carbón de la cuenca de Bogotá en Colombia. Se establecieron cultivos de enriquecimiento de carbón ex situ para el crecimiento y la producción de gas de novo. El gas biogénico producido por los cultivos se analizó mediante cromatografía de gases con detectores de ionización de llama y conductividad térmica. Los cultivos se utilizaron para aislar estirpes microbianas y para generar bibliotecas del gene 16S rARN empleando de cebadores de bacteria y de arquea. El análisis de cromatografía de gases mostró producción de metano a 37 oC, pero no a 60 oC, donde el CO2 fue el componente principal del gas biogénico. El análisis de la secuencia del gen 16S rARN de estirpes microbianos y de las bibliotecas de clones, estableció que el consorcio microbiano metanogénico estuvo formado por especies de bacterias de los géneros Bacillus y Gracilibacter más la arquea del género Methanothermobacter. El consorcio microbiano metanogénico identificado es potencialmente responsable de la generación de gas biogénico en la mina de carbón La Ciscuda. Los resultados sugirieron que los metanógenos de este consorcio producían metano por vía hidrogenotrófica o de reducción de CO2.

ABSTRACT The work studied the methanogenic microbial consortium in a coal mine from the Bogotá basin in Colombia. Ex situ coal-enrichment cultures were established for in vitro growth and de novo gas production. Biogenic gas produced by cultures was analyzed by gas chromatography using thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. Cultures were used to isolate microbial specimens and to generate 16S rRNA gene libraries employing bacterial and archaeal primer sets. The gas chromatographic analysis showed methane production at 37 oC, but not at 60 oC, where CO2 was the major component of the biogenic gas. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of microbial isolates and clone libraries established that the methanogenic microbial consortium was formed by bacteria species from Bacillus and Gracilibacter genera plus archaea from the Methanothermobacter genus. This meth-anogenic microbial consortium was potentially responsible for biogenic gas generation in La Ciscuda coal mine. The results suggested that these methanogens produced methane by hydrogenotrophic or CO2 reduction pathways.

Molecular characterization and sequecing analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in Wuhan, China, is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its first notification in São Paulo state (SP) on 26th February 2020, more than 22,300,000 cases and 619,000 deaths were reported in Brazil. In early pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 spread locally, however, over time, this virus was disseminated to other regions of the country. Herein, we performed genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 using 20 clinical samples of COVID-19 confirmed cases from 9 cities of Minas Gerais state (MG), in order to evaluate the molecular properties of circulating viral strains in this locality from March to May 2020. Our analyses demonstrated the circulation of B.1 lineage isolates in the investigated locations and nucleotide substitutions were observed into the genomic regions related to important viral structures. Additionally, sequences generated in this study clustered with isolates from SP, suggesting a dissemination route between these two states. Alternatively, monophyletic groups of sequences from MG and other states or country were observed, indicating independent events of virus introduction. These results reinforce the need of genomic surveillance for understand the ongoing spread of emerging viral pathogens.

Nicotianagandarela (Solanaceae), a new species of 'tobacco' highly endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil.

Nicotianagandarela Augsten & Stehmann (Solanaceae), sp. nov., a small 'tobacco' known only from one locality at Serra do Gandarela, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically characterized by its rosulate basal leaves, red corolla with a short tube not inflated at the apex, and the peculiar habitat, a shaded site under a rocky outcrop ledge along a forested stream. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined dataset of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (ndhF, trnLF, and trnSG) DNA sequences revealed that the species belongs to the Nicotianasect.Alatae and is sister to the clade with the remaining species in the section. A key for the identification of Brazilian species of the section is given. The unusual habitat, the small population size, and the intense pressure of mining activities in the surroundings made the species assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), needing conservation efforts to avoid its extinction.

Políticas culturais de Lazer e Esporte nas universidades de Minas Gerais: os casos da CEL/UFLA, CEU/UFMG, DIESU/UFU e DLZ/UFV / Leisure and Sport cultural policies at the federal universities of Minas Gerais: the case of CEL/UFLA, CEU/UFMG, DIESU/UFU and DLZ/UFV / Políticas culturales de Ocio y Deporte en las universidades federales de Minas Gerais: los casos de CEL/UFLA, CEU/UFMG, DIESU/UFU y DLZ/UF

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender em que medida a existência da Coordenadoria de Esporte e Lazer (CEL) da UFLA, do Centro Esportivo Universitário (CEU) da UFMG e da Divisão de Esporte e Lazer Universitário (DIESU) da UFU pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sistemático de políticas de lazer e esporte nas universidades mineiras. Foi utilizada uma pesquisa documental de caráter exploratório descritivo dos Regimentos, Resoluções e Regulamentos Internos, desenvolvida à luz da proposta teóricometodológica do Ciclo Político. Destaca-se que estes órgãos apresentaram definições de orientações normativas de alcance, de conteúdo, dos programas, assim como estruturas organizacionais próprias, configurando a existência de uma política institucional destinada ao lazer e ao esporte (AU).

The aim of the study was to understand in what way the existence of the Coordination of Sport and Leisure (CEL) at UFLA, the University Sports Center (CEU) at UFMG and the Division of University Sport and Leisure (DIESU) at UFU can contribute to development systematic of leisure and sport policies in Minas Gerais universities. A documentary research of descriptive exploratory character of the Internal Regiments, Resolutions and Regulations was used and developed in the light of the theoretical methodological proposal of the Police Cycle. It is noteworthy that these bodies presented definitions of normative guidelines, scope, content, programs, as well as their own organizational structures configuring the existence of an institutional policy aimed at leisure and sport

El objetivo del estudio fue comprender si la existencia de la Coordinación de Deporte y Ocio (CEL/UFLA), el Centro Deportivo Universitario (CEU/UFMG) y la División de Deporte y Ocio Universitario (DIESU/UFU) pueden contribuir al desarrollo sistemático de políticas de ocio y deporte en las universidades de Minas Gerais. Se utilizó una investigación documental de carácter descriptivo exploratorio del Regimientos, Resoluciones y Reglamentos Internos, desarrollado a la luz de la propuesta teórica metodológica del Ciclo Político. Es de destacar que estos órganos presentaron definiciones de lineamientos normativos, alcances, contenidos, programas, así como sus propias estructuras organizativas configurando la existencia de una política institucional orientada al ocio y al deporte

Políticas culturais de Lazer e Esporte nas universidades de Minas Gerais: os casos da CEL/UFLA, CEU/UFMG, DIESU/UFU e DLZ/UFV / Leisure and Sport cultural policies at the federal universities of Minas Gerais: the case of CEL/UFLA, CEU/UFMG, DIESU/UFU and DLZ/UFV / Políticas culturales de Ocio y Deporte en las universidades federales de Minas Gerais: los casos de CEL/UFLA, CEU/UFMG, DIESU/UFU y DLZ/UFV

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender em que medida a existência da Coordenadoria de Esporte e Lazer (CEL) da UFLA, do Centro Esportivo Universitário (CEU) da UFMG e da Divisão de Esporte e Lazer Universitário (DIESU) da UFU pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sistemático de políticas de lazer e esporte nas universidades mineiras. Foi utilizada uma pesquisa documental de caráter exploratório descritivo dos Regimentos, Resoluções e Regulamentos Internos, desenvolvida à luz da proposta teórico metodológica do Ciclo Político. Destaca-se que estes órgãos apresentaram definições de orientações normativas de alcance, de conteúdo, dos programas, assim como estruturas organizacionais próprias, configurando a existência de uma política institucional destinada ao lazer e ao esporte.

The aim of the study was to understand in what way the existence of the Coordination of Sport and Leisure (CEL) at UFLA, the University Sports Center (CEU) at UFMG and the Division of University Sport and Leisure (DIESU) at UFU can contribute to development systematic of leisure and sport policies in Minas Gerais universities. A documentary research of descriptive exploratory character of the Internal Regiments, Resolutions and Regulations was used and developed in the light of the theoretical methodological proposal of the Police Cycle. It is noteworthy that these bodies presented definitions of normative guidelines, scope, content, programs, as well as their own organizational structures configuring the existence of an institutional policy aimed at leisure and sport.

El objetivo del estudio fue comprender si la existencia de la Coordinación de Deporte y Ocio (CEL/UFLA), el Centro Deportivo Universitario (CEU/UFMG) y la División de Deporte y Ocio Universitario (DIESU/UFU) pueden contribuir al desarrollo sistemático de políticas de ocio y deporte en las universidades de Minas Gerais. Se utilizó una investigación documental de carácter descriptivo exploratorio del Regimientos, Resoluciones y Reglamentos Internos, desarrollado a la luz de la propuesta teórica metodológica del Ciclo Político. Es de destacar que estos órganos presentaron definiciones de lineamientos normativos, alcances, contenidos, programas, así como sus propias estructuras organizativas configurando la existencia de una política institucional orientada al ocio y al deporte.

Seasonal variation in the Canastra cheese mycobiota.

Canastra cheese is the most well-known artisanal cheese produced in Brazil. Although its production includes a step to remove fungi from the cheese surface, in recent years some cheesemakers have preserved the autochthonous fungi grown during ripening due to an interest in the sensory characteristics attributed to these microorganisms. In this work, the mycobiota of artisanal cheeses produced in the Canastra region was characterized based on ITS marker gene analysis. A total of 96 artisanal cheeses from 16 different farms across 9 cities were collected during two different periods (dry and wet seasons). The Canastra cheese mycobiota was significantly impacted by the season, the city of production and the farm but altitude did not affect the fungal community of the cheeses analyzed. Debaryomyces prosopidis was most abundant in the majority of samples across both seasons. During the wet season, Trichosporon asahii, Kluyveromyces lactis and Fusarium solani were the next most abundant species, followed by Torulaspora delbrueckii and Acremonium citrinum. These results highlight the importance of manufacturing practices and seasonality on the fungal composition of Canastra cheeses. These insights are particularly important in light of recent new regulation in Brazil, removing previous obstacles for surface fungi to persist on cheese. These new regulations will allow new approaches to cheese production, and ultimately, novel products.

Systematics of the Trembleya sensu stricto clade of Microlicia (Melastomataceae, Lavoisiereae).

A systematic monograph of the Trembleya s.s. clade is presented, a Brazilian endemic lineage of Melastomataceae comprising 11 species and currently recognised as part of Microlicia s.l. (Melastomataceae). First, we investigate phylogenetic relationships within Lavoisiereae using two nuclear markers and two sampling datasets (102 and 134 terminals). Then, we provide a systematic revision and new circumscription of the Trembleya s.s. clade, including line drawings, photos of living specimens, leaves and floral parts, distribution maps, a key to the 11 accepted species, comments on morphology, reproductive biology, richness, endemism, biogeography and recommended conservation assessments. A nomenclatural update of all taxa previously treated in Trembleya is also provided, including the designation of 45 lectotypes and the proposal of 38 new synonyms.

Licury Cake in Diets for Lactating Goats: Qualitative Aspects of Milk and Cheese.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of licury cake (LC) inclusion in diets for lactating goats on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, and physicochemical composition and sensory attributes of Minas Frescal cheese. Twelve lactating goats were used (eight Saanen and four Anglo Nubian goats, with 35 ± 5 days in lactation and average body weight of 37.93 ± 9.22 kg), distributed in a triplicate 4 × 4 Latin Square design. The increasing levels of LC studied were: 0, 67, 133 and 200 g/kg of dry matter (DM). The analyses were adjusted using orthogonal polynomial contrasts, in which the probability level of 5% was considered. For sensory attributes, principal component analysis was performed. The LC inclusion promoted the reduction in moisture (p = 0.013) and mineral matter (p < 0.001) content in cheese. The ether extract content in cheese showed a quadratic effect (p = 0.021). Lauric acid showed a linear (p = 0.002) increasing effect, and myristic (p < 0.001) and rumenic (p = 0.018) acids showed quadratic effects. The sensory attributes analysis in cheese indicated that the inclusion of 133 and 200 g/kg of LC improve its texture. Flavor was improved with the inclusion of 67 and 133 g/kg. The inclusion of up to 133 g/kg of LC in the diet of lactating goats is recommended because it promotes improvements in flavor and texture of Minas Frescal cheese.

Temporal trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in the public healthcare system in Brazil: A large population-based study.

Background: Population-based data on epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) in Brazil are scarce. This study aims to define temporal trends of incidence and prevalence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Brazil. Methods: All IBD patients from the public healthcare national system were included from January 2012 to December 2020. Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log-linear regression for incidence and binomial regression for prevalence. Moran's I autocorrelation index was used to analyse clustering of cities by level of prevalence. Findings: A total of 212,026 IBD patients were included. Incidence of IBD rose from 9.4 in 2012 to 9.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=0.8%; 95% CI -0.37, 1.99); for UC, incidence increased from 5.7 to 6.9 per 100,000 (AAPC=3.0%; 95% CI 1.51, 4.58) and for CD incidence decreased from 3.7 to 2.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=-3.2%; 95% CI -4.45, -2.02). Prevalence of IBD increased from 30.0 in 2012 to 100.1 per 100,000 in 2020 (AAPC=14.8%; CI 14.78-14.95); for UC, from 15.7 to 56.5 per 100,000 (AAPC=16.0%; CI 15.94, 16.17); for CD from 12.6 to 33.7 per 100,000 (AAPC=12.1% CI 11.95, 12.02). A south-north gradient was observed in 2020 prevalence rates of IBD [I=0.40 (p<0.0001)], CD [I=0.22 (p<0.0001)] and UC [I=0.42 (p<0.0001)]. Interpretation: Incidence of CD is decreasing whereas of UC is increasing, leading to stabilization in the incidence of IBD from 2012 to 2020 in Brazil. Prevalence of IBD has been climbing with 0.1% of Brazilians living with IBD in 2020. Funding: None.