Bartonella spp. in different species of bats from Misiones (Argentina).

The aim of this study was to detect vector-borne pathogens (Anaplasmataceae family, Rickettsia genus, and Bartonella genus) in bats from Misiones (Argentina). Thirty-three specimens were captured over 8 days using mist nets. Twenty (60.6%) blood samples were positive (11/13 Artibeus lituratus, 4/10 Desmodus rotundus, 4/8 Carollia perspicillata, and 1/2 Myotis nigricans) by PCR for the gltA gene fragment of Bartonella. All samples were negative by PCR for the Anaplasmataceae family and Rickettsia genus. The phylogenetic analysis showed seven Bartonella genotypes. The three genotypes obtained from A. lituratus, 2 from C. perspicillata, and 1 from D. rotundus were related to Bartonella spp. from New World bats, while the sequence obtained from M. nigricans was related to Old World bats. We identified a considerable diversity of Bartonella genotypes in a small number of bats, thus further research is required to better understand the complex bat-pathogen interaction.

Las misiones médicas al Policlínico PAMS en Chincha: evolución del modelo de misión / The medical missions to the PAMS Polyclinic in Chincha: evolution of the mission's model

RESUMEN Presentamos la experiencia del Policlínico de la Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS) en Chincha, en la ejecución de misiones médico-educativas en la región Chincha. El Policlínico PAMS presta atención médica general y especializada a la población de la zona, seis días a la semana. Además, recibe misiones médicas que vienen generalmente de los EE. UU. Desde 2011, se han recibido 43 misiones médicas. La composición y la naturaleza de las misiones han cambiado con el tiempo. Los primeros años se atraía a especialistas con el énfasis de traer equipos e insumos para mejorar la infraestructura del Policlínico. Ahora estamos limitados por la renuencia de voluntarios de venir al Perú en parte debido a que el gobierno americano considera que viajes al Perú son de alto riesgo. Esta limitación nos ha brindado la oportunidad de hacer misiones médicas juntamente con dos excelentes universidades peruanas. La experiencia ha sido positiva.

ABSTRACT We present the experience of the Polyclinic of the Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS) in Chincha, in the execution of medical educational missions in the Chincha region. The PAMS Polyclinic provides general and specialized medical care to the population of the area, six days a week. In addition, the Polyclinic receives medical missions generally coming from the EE.UU. Since 2011, we have received 43 medical missions. The composition and nature of the missions have changed over time. The first years attracted specialists with the emphasis on bringing equipment and supplies to improve the infrastructure of the Polyclinic. We are now limited by the reluctance of volunteers to come to Peru in part because the U.S. government considers travel to Peru to be high-risk. This limitation has given us the opportunity to do medical missions together with two excellent Peruvian universities. This experience has been positive.

Lineamientos para trámites de licencia por misión oficial o becas en el extranjero para servidores públicos del Ministerio de Salud / Guidelines for official mission leave procedures or scholarships abroad for public servants of the Ministry of Health

Los presentes lineamientos técnicos, responden a la necesidad de mejorar el control institucional del trámite de licencia por misión oficial o becas en el extranjero para el personal del Ministerio de Salud. Lo que permitirá que se justifique adecuadamente el tiempo de licencia con goce de sueldo al que tienen derecho los empleados de este Ministerio

The present technical guidelines respond to the need to improve the institutional control of the procedure of leave by official mission or scholarships abroad for the staff of the Ministry of Health. This will allow adequate justification of the paid leave to which employees of this Ministry are entitled

Dr. Aníbal Zambrano: un médico peruano con corazón de oro / Aníbal Zambrano, M.D: a Peruvian physician with a heart of gold

RESUMEN El objetivo del artículo es describir y analizar la trayectoria de vida y las contribuciones humanitarias del Dr. Zambrano, médico egresado de la Escuela de Medicina de San Fernando, quién fue presidente del Centro de Estudiantes de Medicina en una época políticamente álgida en la educación universitaria pública. Emigró a los Estados Unidos en 1970, bajo el contexto de crisis sociopolítica económica en el Perú y en el mundo, donde se convirtió en un renombrado médico internista y cardiólogo del St. Luke's Hospital. A pesar de su lejanía, mantuvo un lazo estrecho con el Perú organizando múltiples misiones médicas para el beneficio de poblaciones vulnerables, capacitación al personal médico e implementación tecnológica del Hospital Regional de Cajamarca. En 2011 se inauguró el Centro Médico Educativo en Chincha, siendo Zambrano uno de los líderes para su construcción. A pesar de padecer una enfermedad invalidante dedicó hasta los últimos días de su vida a brindar ayuda a los más necesitados. Su trayectoria de vida nos muestra un ejemplo de compromiso con el Perú y de un ejercicio de la medicina comprometida con la solidaridad y el desarrollo de la medicina en su país de origen.

ABSTRACT The objective of the article is to describe and analyze the life trajectory and the humanitarian contributions of Dr. Zambrano, a physician who graduated from San Fernando Medical school, and was president of the Center for Medical Students at a politically critical time in public university education. He emigrated to the United States in 1970, in the context of sociopolitical crisis in Peru and the world, where he became a renowned internist and cardiologist at St. Luke's Hospital. Despite the distance, he maintained a close relationship with Peru, organizing multiple medical missions for underserved populations, training medical personnel, and providing technological implementation to Cajamarca Regional Hospital. In 2011, the Educational Medical Center was inaugurated in Chincha, with Zambrano being one of the leaders for its construction. Despite suffering from a disabling illness, he dedicated until the last days of his life, providing help for those most in need. His life trajectory shows us an example of commitment to Peru and practice of Medicine committed to solidarity and the development of Medicine in his country of origin.

La Especialidad Fundamental Odontología como integrantedel Cuerpo Militar de Sanidad en la Fuerzas Armadas Españolas: Historia y cometidos / The Fundamental Speciality of Dentistry as an integral part of the Military Health Corps in the Spanish Armed Forces: History and tasks

El estudio del marco normativo que determina la creación de la Especialidad Fundamental Odontología, como componente delCuerpo Militar de Sanidad de los Cuerpos Comunes de la Defensa, en la Fuerzas Armadas Españolas, permite abordar los cambioshistóricos que tanto en sus cometidos y funciones han afectado a la Odontología Militar en España desde su creación hasta la actualidad y poder comprender así sus capacidades presentes y futuras. (AU)

The study of the regulatory framework that determines the creation of the Fundamental Odontology Specialty, as a component ofthe Military Health Corps of the Common Defense Corps, in the Spanish Armed Forces, allows addressing the historical changesthat both in its tasks and functions have affected to Military Dentistry in Spain from its creation to the present day and thus be ableto understand its present and future capabilities. (AU)

Prevalence of intestinal parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica in the village of Fortín Mbororé (Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina).

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasites (IPs) are widely distributed worldwide and are one of the major contributors to gastrointestinal disease. Their prevalence is associated with poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of IPs, including soil-transmitted helminths (STH), and their relation to socioeconomic characteristics, as well as a first approach to molecularly characterize the types of Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica present in an indigenous community from Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural settlement of Fortin Mbororé between January and March 2018. Socioeconomic variables, household characteristics, and stool and blood samples were collected. Standard coprological techniques were used to analyze stool samples, and a complete hemogram was performed on the blood samples. Giardia intestinalis microscopy-positive samples were genetically typed by the ß-giardin (bg) gene. Molecular identification of Blastocystis spp. subtypes and E. histolytica were carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of IPs was 92.7%, with 72.0% specifically for hookworm. IPs were significantly more prevalent in preschool- and school-age children (P < 0.05). No formal education (P = 0.035), the presence of unimproved floors (P = 0.001) and overcrowding (P = 0.005) were significantly associated with IP infection. Hookworm was associated with anemia (P = 0.019). Molecular characterization revealed the presence of E. histolytica sub-assemblages AII (12.5%), AIII (87.5%) and BIV (100%); one case of sub-assemblage D for G. intestinalis; and the presence of subtypes ST1 (14.8%), ST2 (14.8%) and ST3 (70.4%) of Blastocystis spp. CONCLUSIONS: Protozoans detected in this study are transmitted mainly through water contaminated with fecal matter, evidencing the need to improve the quality of water and sanitation for the inhabitants of Fortín Mbororé. Molecular characterization showed that domestic animals can be implicated in the zoonotic transmission of G. intestinalis and Blastocystis spp. to humans. A hyperendemic area for STH was found, with hookworm prevalence greater than 50%. Therefore, improvements in WASH as well as mass deworming programs need to be implemented in this area to control and decrease the prevalence of IPs in general and STH in particular.

Lineamientos técnicos para la aplicación del Reglamento General de Viáticos, misiones al interior del país / Technical guidelines for the application of the General Regulation of Travel expenses, missions to the interior of the country

Los presentes lineamientos técnicos, responden a la necesidad de facilitar la aplicación del Reglamento General de Viáticos, en la parte relacionada a las misiones oficiales al interior del país, y con ello también mejorar el control institucional, tanto a nivel administrativo como financiero, del trámite para la obtención del viático correspondiente, al realizar gestiones o actividades en el interior del país, por parte del personal del Ministerio de Salud, en adelante MINSAL, que cumple con los requisitos para devengarlos, dado que se han emitido diferentes reformas al Reglamento mencionado, las cuales modifican los criterios de aplicación de la normativa

These technical guidelines respond to the need to facilitate the application of the General Travel Regulations, in the part related to official missions within the country, and thereby also improve institutional control, both at the administrative and financial, the procedure to obtain the corresponding per diem, when carrying out formalities or activities in the interior of the country, by the personnel of the Ministry of Health, hereinafter MINSAL, which meets the requirements to accrue them, given that different reforms to the aforementioned Regulation, which modify the criteria for applying the normative

The militarization of responses to COVID-19 in Democratic Latin America / A militarização das respostas à COVID-19 nas democracias Latino-americanas / La militarización de las respuestas a la COVID-19 en las democracias latinoamericanas

Abstract Latin America has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting its governments to take action. In this context, countries within Latin America have used their armed forces for an array of tasks to serve citizens. But how militarized is the response to COVID-19 in Latin America? This paper proposes a typology of tasks provided by the armed forces as a response to COVID-19. The descriptive findings allow us to map these tasks, attributing scores to the fourteen Latin American democracies. We also show evidence for the potential consequences of some tasks. Policing the streets to enforce stay-at-home orders may lead to the military committing human rights violations, assuming eminently civilian posts to manage the public health crisis can result in long term implications for the civil-military balance that are detrimental to the democratic control over the military.

Resumo A América Latina foi gravemente afetada pela pandemia global COVID-19, o que estimulou a resposta dos seus governos. Nesse contexto, esses países têm utilizado suas forças armadas para uma série de tarefas a serviço dos cidadãos. Mas quão militarizada é a resposta à COVID-19 na América Latina? Este artigo propõe uma tipologia de tarefas solicitadas a esses militares em resposta à COVID-19. Os resultados descritivos nos permitem mapear as várias tarefas que os militares estão sendo encarregados de fazer, atribuindo notas às quatorze democracias latino-americanas. Também mostramos evidências das consequências potenciais de algumas tarefas. Pode-se observar que há risco de violação dos direitos humanos quando militares são encarregados de policiar as ruas para fazer cumprir as ordens de permanência em casa. Ainda, quando os militares assumem cargos eminentemente civis na administração da crise de saúde pública vislumbram-se implicações de longo prazo em relação ao equilíbrio civil-militar, o que prejudica o controle democrático sobre os militares.

Resumen América Latina se ha visto gravemente afectada por la pandemia mundial de COVID-19, lo que ha llevado a sus gobiernos a tomar medidas. En este contexto, estos países han utilizado sus fuerzas armadas para una serie de tareas al servicio de la ciudadanía. Pero ¿qué tan militarizada es la respuesta a la COVID-19 en América Latina? Este artículo propone una tipología de tareas solicitadas a esas fuerzas armadas como respuesta a la COVID-19. Los hallazgos descriptivos permiten mapear las diversas tareas que se les han asignado a los militares, atribuyendo puntajes a las catorce democracias latinoamericanas. También mostramos evidencia de las posibles consecuencias de algunas tareas. Al vigilar las calles para hacer cumplir las órdenes de confinamiento, los militares pueden cometer violaciones a los derechos humanos, al asumir puestos eminentemente civiles para gestionar la crisis de salud pública, puede haber implicaciones a largo plazo para el equilibrio cívico-militar que son perjudiciales para el control democrático sobre los militares.

Using isotope data to characterize and date groundwater in the southern sector of the Guaraní Aquifer System.

The Guaraní Aquifer System (SAG) is the largest transboundary aquifer in Latin America, extending beneath parts of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. This paper presents the results of recent hydrogeological studies in the southern portion of the SAG. Locally, the abundance of surface water bodies precluded the use of conventional hydrological tools to characterize groundwater flows. Geological, hydrochemical and environmental isotope investigations were integrated to postulate a revised hydrogeological conceptual model. The revised geological model has provided a better definition of the geometry of the aquifer units and outlined the relevance of regional faults in controlling flow patterns. The new potentiometric map is consistent with groundwater flow from the SAG outcrops to the centre of the Corrientes Province, where upwards flows were identified. Hydrochemical and isotope data confirmed the widespread occurrence of mixing. Noble gas isotopes dissolved in groundwater (4He and 81Kr/Kr) provided residence times ranging from recent recharge up to 770 ± 130 ka. Groundwater age modelling confirmed the role of the geological structures in controlling groundwater flow. The southern sector of the SAG is a multilayer aquifer system with vertical flows and deep regional discharge near the Esteros del Iberá wetland area and along the Paraná and Uruguay rivers.

Dr. Washington Rosell Puig: un profesor ejemplar / Washington Rosell Puig: an outstanding professor

José Martí escribió: "No se alcanza lo grande sino por medios grandiosos"; de esta forma se describe la obra del Dr. Washington Rosell Puig, quien a lo largo de su vida profesional representa un gran ejemplo para generaciones de médicos. Durante la vida estudiantil colaboró activamente en actividades estudiantiles, fue fundador de las milicias universitarias; una vez graduado y realizada la especialidad de cirugía, se trasladó al ICBP Victoria de Girón para incorporarse a la docencia por la necesidad de profesores de Medicina en el país, ante el éxodo de médicos. Participó en la batalla de Playa Girón, en la lucha contra bandidos en El Escambray y en numerosas misiones internacionalistas, entre las que se destacan la primera misión internacionalista en Argelia y la fundación de la Universidad de Yemen. Fundador del PCC en la Universidad de La Habana. Ocupó numerosos cargos de dirección en Ciencias Médicas y recibió numerosas distinciones y condecoraciones. Contribuyó en eventos científicos tanto nacionales como internacionales, se destacó por sus publicaciones, entre las que se hallan las realizadas sobre medios de enseñanza y las de carácter pedagógico. Ha estado presente en tribunales de especialidad, elaboración de materiales para la docencia y en cursos de carácter pedagógico para la superación docente. Fue miembro de numerosas sociedades científicas y Profesor Consultante.

José Martí wrote: "Success is not achieved except for grandiose means". This way, we describe the work of Dr. Washington Rosell Puig who represents an example for the generations of doctors throughout his professional life. During his life as a student, he actively collaborated with student activities; he founded the university militias; after graduating from the university and finishing the specialty of Surgery, he started working at "Victoria de Girón" Institute of Basic and Pre-Clinical Sciences joining the teaching staff because of the necessity of teachers of Medicine in the country, after the exodus of doctors. He participated in the battle of Playa Girón, the fight against bandits in Escambray, and several internationalist missions among which the first international mission in Algeria and the foundation of the University of Yemen stand out. He was the founder of the Communist Party of Cuba in the University of Havana. He held numerous management positions in the Medical Sciences and obtained many distinctions and awards. He made his contributions to both national and international scientific events; stood out for his publications, among them, the ones about teaching resources and those of teaching and pedagogic character. He has been member of different boards of examiners of the specialty, and has participated in the development of teaching materials and pedagogical courses for teaching improvement. He was member of several scientific societies and a Consultant Professor.

Description of the helminth communities of sympatric rodents (Muroidea: Cricetidae) from the Atlantic Forest in northeastern Argentina.

Taxonomic and ecological aspects of the helminths found in the assemblage of sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae-Muroidea) of the Atlantic Forest in Argentina are studied in this paper. The following species Akodon montensis, Brucepattersonius sp. and Thaptomys nigrita (Tribe Akodontini), as well as, Euryoryzomys russatus, Nectomys squamipes, Oligoryzomys nigripes, and Sooretamys angouya (Tribe Oryzomyini) are analyzed. A complete taxonomic list with a total of 25 species of helminths, including Digenea (Dicrocoeliidae), Cestoda (Hymenolepididae) and Nematoda (Trichuridae, Capillariidae, Cooperidae, Helligmonellidae, Oxyuridae, and Onchocercidae) is provided. Twenty new host and locality records for Misiones, Argentina, are reported and the results of the ecological descriptors of component communities are given. The highest value of richness was observed for A. montensis (S=8) and E. russatus (S=7). The diversity index (H´) reached values between 1.03 and 1.39 in all rodents, with the exception of N. squamipes that reached 0.75. The equitability indeces with highest value were observed for T. nigrita and E. russatus. The Berger-Parker index of dominance was similar for all host species. The highest prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity values corresponded to Nippostrongylinae, followed by Syphacinii. This survey constitutes the report with the most diverse parasitic assemblage of rodents described for the Atlantic Forest ecoregion and for Argentina.

¿Qué es una Buena Elección?: El Uso de los Informes de las Misiones de Observación Electoral para Evaluar los Procesos Electorales Latinoamericanos (2013-2016) / O que Seria uma Boa Eleição? O Uso dos Informes das Missões de Observação Eleitoral na Avaliação dos Processos Eleitorais Latino-americanos (2013-2016) / What Constitutes a Good Election? Employing Reports on Electoral Observation Missions to Evaluate Latin American Electoral Processes (2013-2016) / Qu'est-ce qu'une Bonne Élection? L'Usage des Rapports des Missions d'Observation Électorale pour Évaluer les Processus Électoraux Latino-américains (2013-2016)

RESUMEN Aún cuando las elecciones son el corazón de la democracia representativa, todavía no existe consenso respecto a qué es una buena elección ni tampoco se ha garantizado que las prácticas políticas que se desarrollan cumplan con criterios de calidad, legitimidad y credibilidad siguiendo los parámetros establecidos internacionalmente. En muchos países considerados democráticos las elecciones conviven con irregularidades, malas prácticas y problemas de gobernanza electoral. Este artículo propone definir una "buena elección" como aquella que satisface tres condiciones necesarias: a) respeta los estándares internacionales de integridad electoral (procedimiento); b) garantiza el ejercicio de una serie de derechos políticos (contenido) y c) satisface las expectativas de la ciudadanía respecto al modo en que se organizan las elecciones y se consiguen sus objetivos (resultado). Tras evaluar los Informes de las Misiones de Observación Electoral de la Organización de los Estados Americanos de 18 elecciones en América Latina (2013-2016), se evidencia que aunque se han incrementado los niveles de calidad de las elecciones en dos dimensiones claves (organización técnica y respeto a los derechos políticos), aún existen problemas en cuanto a los resultados así como también en relación al contenido.

RESUMO Ainda que as eleições sejam o coração da democracia representativa, não existe consenso acerca do que é uma boa eleição e tampouco há garantias que as práticas políticas desenvolvidas atendam a critérios de qualidade, legitimidade e credibilidade, em conformidade com os parâmetros internacionalmente estabelecidos. Ademais, em muitos países considerados democráticos, as eleições envolvem irregularidades, práticas incorretas e problemas de governança eleitoral. Este artigo define uma "boa eleição" como aquela que satisfaz três requisitos imperativos: a) respeito dos padrões internacionais de integridade eleitoral (procedimento); b) garantia do exercício de uma série de direitos políticos (conteúdo); e c) satisfação das expectativas dos cidadãos com respeito à forma de organização das eleições e ao alcance dos seus objetivos (resultado). Após avaliação dos Relatórios das Missões de Observação Eleitoral da Organização dos Estados Americanos referentes a 18 eleições na América Latina (2013-2016), evidencia-se que, embora os níveis de qualidade das eleições tenham sido elevados em duas dimensões-chave (organização técnica e respeito pelos direitos políticos), ainda persistem problemas em termos de resultados, assim como em relação ao conteúdo.

ABSTRACT Although elections lie at the heart of representative democracy, a lack of consensus remains on what constitutes a good election, as do guarantees that the political practices developed meet quality, legitimacy, and credibility criteria set by internationally-established parameters. Elections in many countries considered to be democratic are also rife with irregularities, cases of malpractice, and problems with electoral governance. The following article suggests defining a "good election" as one which necessarily satisfies three conditions: a) respect for the international standards of electoral integrity (procedure); b) a guaranteeing of the exercise of a series of political rights (content), and c) a satisfying of citizens' expectations on the way in which elections are organized and their aims achieved (result). By means of an evaluation of Reports on Electoral Observation Missions (2013-2016) carried out by the Organization of American States, we demonstrate that although election quality levels increased in the period for two key facets (technical organization and that regarding political rights), problems remain in terms of the results, as well as in terms of content.

RÉSUMÉ Même si les élections constituent le cœur de la démocratie représentative, il n'existe néanmoins aucun consensus quant à ce qui constituerait une bonne élection et rien ne garantit que les pratiques politiques en œuvre répondent aux critères de qualité, légitimité et crédibilité promus au niveau international. En effet, dans de nombreux pays considérés comme démocratiques, les élections sont souvent l'occasion d'irrégularités, de mauvaises pratiques et autres problèmes de gouvernance électorale. Cette article propose de définir une « bonne élection ¼ comme un scrutin à même de satisfaire trois conditions préalables : a) le respect des normes internationales d'intégrité électorale (procédure) ; b) la garantie de l'exercice d'une série de droits politiques (contenu), et c) la satisfaction des attentes citoyennes quant à la façon dont sont organisées les élections et atteints leurs objectifs (résultat). À partir de l'évaluation des rapports des Missions d'observation électorale de l'Organisation des États américains relatifs à dix-huit scrutins tenus en Amérique latine (2013-2016), on a mis en évidence qu'en dépit de l'augmentation des niveaux de qualité des élections quant à deux dimensions clés (organisation technique et respect des droits politiques), il existe encore de nombreux problèmes quant aux résultats ainsi qu'au contenu.

Caracterización de niños operados por labio y paladar hendido en la orinoquía colombiana entre 2008 y 2014

La patología congénita de niños con labio y paladar hendido es frecuente en la región, pero no ha sido caracterizada en la Orinoquía. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características de los niños intervenidos en un programa quirúrgico de labio y paladar hendido en Villavicencio. Tipo de estudio: Corte transversal descriptivo. Criterios de inclusión: menores de 18 años operados por labio y paladar hendido. Escenario: Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, Colombia. Temporalidad: enero de 2008 a junio de 2014. Se realizó una evaluación descriptiva de la distribución de las variables, análisis bivariado y un mapa de georreferenciación del sitio de procedencia de los pacientes. Resultados: Se encontraron 340 registros de niños intervenidos quirúrgicamente por labio y paladar hendido, mayormente de sexo masculino. La mayoría de los casos fueron procedentes de Villavicencio, pero también de otros municipios y departamentos circundantes. El 49% de los procedimientos fueron primarios y las niñas fueron intervenidas más tempranamente. Conclusión: El estudio permite caracterizar el número considerable de pacientes intervenidos, la mayoría de ellos de forma temprana, especialmente en los casos cercanos de Villavicencio y el Meta, aunque puede mejorarse la oportunidad a los primeros meses de vida.

Cleft lip and palate is the most frequent congenital pathology but it has not been characterized in the Colombian Orinoquia. The aim was to describe the characteristics of children that had surgery in a program for cleft lip and palate in Villavicencio. Design: cross-sectional descriptive trial. Children under 18 years old that had cleft lip and palate surgery at Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio from January 2008 to June 2014 were included. Distribution evaluation of the variables was performed, as well as a map with the housing location of patients Results: Three hundreds and forty records of cleft lip and palate surgeries were reviewed, mainly male children. Most of the cases were from Villavicencio, but also from other towns and states around. Fortynine percent were primary surgeries and female children had interventions earlier. Conclusions: the study established the considerable number of patients surgically operated, most of them in an early way, especially when they were close to Villavicencio and Meta, but opportunity can be improved to early months of life.

A patologia congénita em crianças com fenda labial e palatina é frequente na região, mas no tem sido caracterizada na Orinoquia colombiana. Objetivo: Descrever as características das crianças intervindos num programa cirúrgico de fenda labial e palatina na cidade de Villavicencio. Tipo de estudo: descritivo-transversal. Critérios de inclusão: pessoas menores de 18 anos operados por fenda labial e palatina. Lugar: Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, Colômbia. Tempo: janeiro do 2018 até junho do 2014. Realizou-se uma avaliação descritiva da distribuição das variáveis, análise bivariada e mapa de georreferenciamento no ponto de procedência dos pacientes. Resultados: Encontrou-se 340 registros de crianças intervindos cirurgicamente pela fenda labial e palatina, sendo maior os processos no sexo masculino. A maioria dos casos foram feitos em Villavicencio, além de outras cidades menores. O 49% dos procedimentos foram primários e as meninas foram intervindas cedo. Conclusões: O estudo permite caracterizar o número de casos, pacientes intervindos, na maioria deles tiveram a cirurgia cedo, especialmente nos casos perto da cidade de Villavicencio e no estado do Meta, embora podem melhorar-se a oportunidade nos primeiros meses de vida.

A new species of the genus Bertholdia Schaus, 1896 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from the Neotropical region: Bertholdia zoenia sp. n.

A new species of Bertholdia Schaus is described: Bertholdia zoenia sp. n., based on males and females from Argentina and Paraguay. This new species is closer to Bertholdia myosticta Hampson, 1901 from Costa Rica, Irazú. Bertholdia zoenia sp. n. can be recognized externally because its hyaline spot on forewing is the widest among all species of genus. Also, the shape of this hyaline spot is like a right triangle with smooth outer margin, different from other species of genus, which have an irregular spot. Habitus, male and female genitalia, and particular structures of B. zoenia sp. n. are illustrated. Habitus and male genitalia of B. myosticta are also illustrated. A distribution map and commentaries of habitat of B. zoenia sp. n. and B. myosticta are given. Remarks on nomenclature of the genus are provided.

Trayectorias, misiones e identidades de la Universidad latinoamericana / Trajectories, missions and identities of the Latin American University / Trajetórias, atribuições e identidades da Universidade Latino-Americana

El presente artículo es fruto de la revisión y sistematización de la literatura como estado del arte, que intenta analizar el saber preexistente y lo acumulado en investigaciones con mayor relevancia y/o pertinencia sobre: ¿cuáles son las identidades de la universidad latinoamericana entre la razón, el mercado y el contexto? Busqué abordar las categorías identidad, misión, gestión, comunicación organizacional y publicitaria, que fueron la base para el rastreo bibliográfico que dio forma a una estructura categorial de análisis. El presente escrito evidencia la evolución y tránsito de la Universidad en Latinoamérica mostrando múltiples panoramas y realidades, en algunos casos contradictorios, pero que son propios de una universidad constituida por identidades plurales.

This article is the result of a literature review and systematization that aims to analyze the relevance and pertinence of accumulated research on the identities of the Latin American University between reason, the market and the context. The study examines the following categories: identity, mission, management, organizational communication and advertising, which formed the basis for the bibliographical review that shaped a categorical structure of analysis. This document evidences the development and transition of universities in Latin America, demonstrating multiple perspectives and situations that are sometimes contradictory but typical of a university that is composed of plural identities.

Este artigo é o resultado da avaliação e sistematização da literatura como o estado da arte, analisando, por meio do montante investigado, o que foi definido com maior relevância e/ou pertinência para compreender o conhecimento existente ante a pergunta: Quais são as identidades da universidade latino-americana a partir da razão, do mercado e do contexto?. Além disso, buscou-se abordar as categorias identidade, missão, gestão, comunicação organizacional e de marketing, que foram a base para o rastreamento bibliográfico que deu forma a uma estrutura categórica de análise. Este trabalho evidencia a evolução e o trânsito da Universidade na América Latina, mostrando panoramas e realidades múltiplas, por vezes contraditórias, mas que são típicas de uma instituição educativa composta por identidades plurais.

Investigación etnográfica sobre experiencias de trabajo infantil en el noreste argentino / Ethnographic research of child labour experiences in the northeastern Argentina / Pesquisa etnográfica sobre experiências do trabalho infantil no nordeste argentino

El artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la infancia de quienes trabajan y/o trabajaron en contextos familiares en un barrio de una localidad de Misiones. Se parte de una concepción de la infancia como categoría socio‒histórica y se realiza una indagación antropológica en perspectiva del actor sobre experiencias de trabajo infantil en integrantes de tres unidades domésticas. El método de investigación es el trabajo de campo etnográfico. Los resultados preliminares muestran que las distintas trayectorias de trabajo en la infancia se vinculan a sentidos esperables en esta etapa de la vida que modelan prácticas específicas según generaciones, géneros e historias familiares. La articulación entre datos de campo y discusión teórica sobre trabajo infantil permite discutir nociones universales sobre las que se legisla y reflexionar sobre sus alcances y limitaciones.

This article seeks to characterize the childhood of those who currently work or worked in family contexts in a specific neighborhoods of a locality in Misiones. The take the point of view that childhood is a socio‒historical category, conducting an anthropological inquiry into the individual actor’s experiences of child labor in domestic care units provided by the state. An ethnographic research method is used. The initial results show the different work trajectories as a child are linked to feelings of hope in this stage of that life that model specific practices based on generations, genders and family histories. The articulation between fieldwork data and child labor theoretical discussion allows the authors to discuss universal notions and reflect on their possibilities and limitations.

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a infância de quem trabalha e/ou trabalhou em contextos familiares em um bairro de uma localidade de Misiones. Parte‒se De uma concepção da infância como categoria sócio histórica e é feita uma indagação antropológica sob a perspectiva dos atores com experiências de trabalho infantil em integrantes de três unidades domésticas. O método de pesquisa é o trabalho de campo etnográfico. Os resultados preliminares mostram que as diferentes trajetórias de trabalho na infância se vinculam a efeitos previstos nesta etapa da vida, modelando práticas especificas segundo as gerações, gêneros e histórias familiares. A articulação entre os dados de campo e a discussão teórica sobre o trabalho infantil permitem o debate a respeito das noções universais sobre as quais se legisla e reflexionar sobre seus alcances e limitações.

Diversity of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and classification based on the characteristics of the habitats where they were collected in Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.

In order to extend the knowledge of anopheline diversity and their habitats in three environments with different degrees of anthropic intervention in Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, anopheline larvae were collected and classified on the basis of similarities of their habitats. Spatio-temporal abundance was determined and larval diversity and complementarity index were calculated. Rank-abundance curves were performed to compare the composition, abundance, and species evenness among environments. A total of 783 larvae, belonging to six species: Anopheles argyritarsis, An. fluminensis, An. mediopunctatus, An. punctimacula, An. strodei s.l., and An. triannulatus s.l., were collected. A cluster analysis and a principal component analysis detected two groups; exposure to sunlight and type of habitat were the characteristics that explained the grouping of species. Higher abundances of anopheline larvae were observed during autumn and spring. The greatest richness was recorded in wild and peri-urban environments and the effective number of species was greater in the wild. Anopheles punctimacula and An. triannulatus s.l. are secondary vectors of malaria in other South American countries and both species were found in the three environments, so that deforestation poses a potential risk for malaria transmission as it contributes to the proliferation of larval habitats for these mosquitoes.

Ticks infesting humans in Northern Misiones, Argentina.

This work presents records of ticks infesting humans in northern Misiones Province, Argentina. Also, notes on potential transmission of tick-borne pathogens are included. A total of 282 ticks attached to researchers were collected and identified by their morphological characters. Eight tick species were found: Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma incisum, Amblyomma ovale, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus microplus. Some of these species as A. dubitatum, A. ovale and R. sanguineus have been found infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae pathogenic to humans in Brazil and Argentina. The potential role as vectors of humans pathogens of the ticks found attached to humans in this study is discussed.

Ticks infesting humans in northern Misiones, Argentina

This work presents records of ticks infesting humans in northern Misiones Province, Argentina. Also, notes on potential transmission of tick-borne pathogens are included. A total of 282 ticks attached to researchers were collected and identified by their morphological characters. Eight tick species were found: Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma incisum, Amblyomma ovale, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus microplus. Some of these species as A. dubitatum, A. ovale and R. sanguineus have been found infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae pathogenic to humans in Brazil and Argentina. The potential role as vectors of humans pathogens of the ticks found attached to humans in this study is discussed.

En este trabajo se presentan registros de garrapatas que infestan seres humanos en el norte de la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Además, se incluyen notas sobre la posible transmisión de patógenos por garrapatas. Se colectó un total de 282 garrapatas adheridas a investigadores, las cuales fueron identificadas por sus caracteres morfológicos. Se encontraron ocho especies de garrapatas: Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma incisum, Amblyomma ovale, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus y Rhipicephalus microplus. Algunas de estas especies como A. dubitatum, A. ovale y R. sanguineus han sido halladas infectadas con rickettsias del grupo de las fiebres manchadas patógenas para los seres humanos en Brasil y Argentina. Se discute el papel potencial de las garrapatas encontradas infestando humanos en este estudio como vectores de patógenos de seres humanos.

A new species of Adoxoplatys Breddin (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae) from Argentina

ABSTRACT The genus Adoxoplatys is distributed from Panama to Argentina. The eight included species are known from a few specimens. In this contribution, a new species from Misiones Province, Argentina, Adoxoplatys singularissp. nov., is described and illustrated; and a key to identify the species of the genus is provided.