Status Inconsistencies and Power in Intimate Relations: Domestic Exploitation and Violence Against Women in Homogenous and Mixed Couples Formed by Native and Migrant Partners.

We test two theories explaining domestic exploitation and violent abuse against women in couples. Exchange theory predicts both to increase when men outpower women; status inconsistency, when women do. As violence and exploitation can affect a couple's resources, making the model recursive, we focus on native status. Using data from a women's victimization survey (N = 8,000), we apply biprobit models to compare violent abuse and domestic exploitation in homogeneous and mixed couples in which one is a migrant. The results validate status inconsistency theory: native women with male migrant partners are less exploited but have the highest risks of being abused.

Effect of immigration background and country-of-origin contextual factors on adolescent substance use in Spain.

PURPOSE: The effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use among adolescents with recent immigrant background (ARIBs) are poorly understood. We aimed to assess these effects and identify the main mediating factors in Spain. METHODS: Participants were 12,432 ARIBs (≥1 foreign-born parent) and 75,511 autochthonous adolescents from pooled 2006-2010 school surveys. Outcomes were prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants and sedative-hypnotics. ARIBs were classified by adolescent birthplace (Spain/abroad), whether they had mixed-parents (one Spanish-born and one foreign-born), and country-of-origin characteristics. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and percent change expressing disparities in risk were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Compared to autochthonous adolescents, foreign-born ARIBs without mixed-parents showed significant aPRs <1 for all substances, which generally approached 1 in Spanish-born ARIBs with mixed-parents. The main factors mediating ARIBs' lower risk were less frequent socialization in leisure environments and less association with peers who use such substances. ARIBs' lower risk depended more on country-of-origin characteristics and not having mixed-parents than being foreign-born. Tobacco, cannabis and stimulant use in ARIBs increased with increasing population use of these substances in the country-of-origin. ARIBs from the non-Muslim-regions had a lower risk of using alcohol and higher risk of using sedative-hypnotics than those from the Muslim-region. CONCLUSIONS: Among ARIBs in Spain, parental transmission of norms and values could influence substance use as much as or more than exposure to the Spanish context. Future research should better assess effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use.

Love and sexual relationships in a globalized world / Relacionamentos amorosos e sexuais em um mundo globalizado / Rapports amoureux et sexuels dans un monde globalisé / Relacionamientos amorosos y sexuales en un mundo globalizado

With the development of globalized exchanges, sexual and/or sentimental relationships between developed and developing countries are becoming more and more frequent. Through the comparative study of relationships between Occidental and Thai or Malay people, we will see how Occidental and Oriental actors use hierarchies of gender, class and race to try to valorise their economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital. In Thailand, lower-class women seek access to financial stability while in the neighbouring country, upper-class women aspire to freedom from local culture. For Occidental men, what hides behind their desire of the “other” is a rejection of "Occidental values", especially sexual equality, and a return to values considered more "stable", "traditional", and "hierarchical". We will see how love interactions in a globalized context are an instrument to valorise the different forms of capital, in Bourdieu‟s sense, and a way to redefine social hierarchies. (AU)

Com o desenvolvimento dos intercâmbios globalizados, as interações sexuais e/ou amorosas entre os países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento se tornaram mais frequentes. Por meio de um estudo comparativo das relações entre Ocidentais e Tailandeses e Malaios, veremos como sujeitos Ocidentais e Orientais usam as hierarquias de gênero, classe e raça para valorizar seus capitais econômico, cultural, social e simbólico. Se na Tailândia, as mulheres oriundas das classes desfavorecidas buscam uma certa segurança financeira, no país vizinho, as mulheres das classes abastadas desejam a liberdade em relação à cultura local. Para os homens ocidentais, o desejo pelo "outro" esconde uma rejeição dos "valores ocidentais", particularmente a igualdade entre os sexos, e o desejo de retomar valores considerados mais "estáveis", "tradicionais" e "hierárquicos". Nós veremos como as interações amorosas globalizadas valorizam diferentes formas de capital, no sentido de Bourdieu, redefinindo hierarquias sociais. (AU)

Avec le développement des échanges mondialisés, les interactions sexuelles et/ou amoureuses entre les pays développés et en développement deviennent plus fréquentes. A travers l‟étude comparative des relations entre Occidentaux et Thaïlandais ou Malaisiens nous verrons comment, par le biais des hiérarchies de genre, de classe et de "race", les acteurs occidentaux et orientaux tentent de revaloriser leur capital économique, culturel, social et symbolique. Si en Thaïlande les femmes issues des classes défavorisées peuvent espérer une certaine assurance financière, dans le pays voisin les femmes d'un milieu aisé souhaitent accéder à davantage de liberté face à l'emprise de la culture locale. Ce désir de l'autre cache souvent chez les Occidentaux un rejet des dites "valeurs occidentales", notamment l'égalité des sexes, et une volonté de retour vers des valeurs considérées "stables", "traditionnelles" et "hiérarchisées". (AU)

Con el desarrollo de los intercambios globalizados, las interacciones sexuales y/o amorosas entre el Occidente y los países en desarrollo se tornan más frecuentes. Por medio de los estudios comparativos de las relaciones entre Occidentales y Tailandesas o Malayas vemos como, por la perspectiva de las jerarquías de genero, de clase y de “raza”, lo actores occidentales y orientales tienden a valorar sus capitales económicos, culturales, sociales y simbólicos. Si en Tailandia las mujeres oriundas de las clases desfavorecidas pueden esperar una cierta seguridad financiera, en el país vecino, las mujeres de las clases abastadas desean el acceso a la libertad frente a la cultura y de la religión locales. Este deseo por el otro esconde, frecuentemente, por parte de los Occidentales un rechazo de los dichos “valores occidentales”, particularmente a la igualdad entre los sexos, y una voluntad de retornar a valores considerados más “estables”, “tradicionales” y "jerárquicos”. Vemos así como las interacciones amorosas globalizadas son un instrumento de valorización de diferentes maneras de capital, no sentido de Bourdieu, y una manera de redefinir las jerarquías sociales. (AU)

Love and sexual relationships in a globalized world / Relacionamentos amorosos e sexuais em um mundo globalizado / Rapports amoureux et sexuels dans un monde globalisé / Relacionamientos amorosos y sexuales en un mundo globalizado

With the development of globalized exchanges, sexual and/or sentimental relationships between developed and developing countries are becoming more and more frequent. Through the comparative study of relationships between Occidental and Thai or Malay people, we will see how Occidental and Oriental actors use hierarchies of gender, class and race to try to valorise their economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital. In Thailand, lower-class women seek access to financial stability while in the neighbouring country, upper-class women aspire to freedom from local culture. For Occidental men, what hides behind their desire of the “other” is a rejection of "Occidental values", especially sexual equality, and a return to values considered more "stable", "traditional", and "hierarchical". We will see how love interactions in a globalized context are an instrument to valorise the different forms of capital, in Bourdieu‟s sense, and a way to redefine social hierarchies.

Com o desenvolvimento dos intercâmbios globalizados, as interações sexuais e/ou amorosas entre os países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento se tornaram mais frequentes. Por meio de um estudo comparativo das relações entre Ocidentais e Tailandeses e Malaios, veremos como sujeitos Ocidentais e Orientais usam as hierarquias de gênero, classe e raça para valorizar seus capitais econômico, cultural, social e simbólico. Se na Tailândia, as mulheres oriundas das classes desfavorecidas buscam uma certa segurança financeira, no país vizinho, as mulheres das classes abastadas desejam a liberdade em relação à cultura local. Para os homens ocidentais, o desejo pelo "outro" esconde uma rejeição dos "valores ocidentais", particularmente a igualdade entre os sexos, e o desejo de retomar valores considerados mais "estáveis", "tradicionais" e "hierárquicos". Nós veremos como as interações amorosas globalizadas valorizam diferentes formas de capital, no sentido de Bourdieu, redefinindo hierarquias sociais.

Avec le développement des échanges mondialisés, les interactions sexuelles et/ou amoureuses entre les pays développés et en développement deviennent plus fréquentes. A travers l‟étude comparative des relations entre Occidentaux et Thaïlandais ou Malaisiens nous verrons comment, par le biais des hiérarchies de genre, de classe et de "race", les acteurs occidentaux et orientaux tentent de revaloriser leur capital économique, culturel, social et symbolique. Si en Thaïlande les femmes issues des classes défavorisées peuvent espérer une certaine assurance financière, dans le pays voisin les femmes d'un milieu aisé souhaitent accéder à davantage de liberté face à l'emprise de la culture locale. Ce désir de l'autre cache souvent chez les Occidentaux un rejet des dites "valeurs occidentales", notamment l'égalité des sexes, et une volonté de retour vers des valeurs considérées "stables", "traditionnelles" et "hiérarchisées".

Con el desarrollo de los intercambios globalizados, las interacciones sexuales y/o amorosas entre el Occidente y los países en desarrollo se tornan más frecuentes. Por medio de los estudios comparativos de las relaciones entre Occidentales y Tailandesas o Malayas vemos como, por la perspectiva de las jerarquías de genero, de clase y de “raza”, lo actores occidentales y orientales tienden a valorar sus capitales económicos, culturales, sociales y simbólicos. Si en Tailandia las mujeres oriundas de las clases desfavorecidas pueden esperar una cierta seguridad financiera, en el país vecino, las mujeres de las clases abastadas desean el acceso a la libertad frente a la cultura y de la religión locales. Este deseo por el otro esconde, frecuentemente, por parte de los Occidentales un rechazo de los dichos “valores occidentales”, particularmente a la igualdad entre los sexos, y una voluntad de retornar a valores considerados más “estables”, “tradicionales” y "jerárquicos”. Vemos así como las interacciones amorosas globalizadas son un instrumento de valorización de diferentes maneras de capital, no sentido de Bourdieu, y una manera de redefinir las jerarquías sociales.