ABSTRACT
Background: Police officers are frequently exposed to a wide variety of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and are therefore at a considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research estimated the point prevalence of PTSD in Belgian police officers at 7.4%, significantly higher than in the general population. An effective organisational strategy to manage posttraumatic stress is essential.Objective: We aimed to develop a novel organisational approach regarding traumatic stress for Belgian police, combining evidence-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress in a stepped care intervention model.Method: In a broad development process, we combined scientific literature, case studies of best practices from other police organisations with insights gathered from a number of expert panels, thematic working groups and feedback groups.Results: A comprehensive stepped care intervention model was developed, consisting of evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress.Conclusions: The intervention model is a promising organisational strategy for the management of posttraumatic stress in police organisations based on evidence-based interventions. Its effectiveness will be studied in the coming years.
Police officers are at considerable risk of developing PTSD as they are consistently exposed to a wide array of PTE.An adequate organisational response to manage the consequences of this exposure as much as possible is essential.We developed a comprehensive stepped care intervention model consisting of evidence-based interventions, based on scientific literature, best practices in other police organisations, and thorough expert review.
Subject(s)
Police , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Police/psychology , Belgium , Evidence-Based Medicine , Evidence-Based PracticeABSTRACT
Resumen Entender cómo las personas construyen y modifican sus decisiones y acciones en materia de salud, es indispensable para el abordaje del sobrepeso y la obesidad. El objetivo fue diseñar una intervención en salud que fomente el cambio de comportamientos que favorezcan la adherencia a un plan de alimentación y actividad física en mujeres en edad fértil. Se realizó un análisis mixto que incluyó la revisión de 193 expedientes clínicos en un consultorio privado de nutrición y la aplicación de 16 entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad, entre 20 y 49 años, con intención y sin intención de perder peso, para identificar factores relacionados con el aumento de peso. A partir de esto se diseñó una intervención en salud que busca fomentar el cambio de comportamientos para la pérdida de peso, a partir de modelos de cambio de comportamiento. Se encontró que factores relacionados con actitudes, normas percibidas y agencia personal estructuran el cambio de comportamiento y estos fueron distintos cuando sí hay intención de perder peso. Las intervenciones para control de peso deberían buscar la adherencia terapéutica; fomentar el fortalecimiento y creación de redes de apoyo; identificar y abordar las barreras de adherencia y adaptarse a las necesidades individuales.
Abstract To understand how people construct and modify their decisions and actions in health matters, is an essential requirement for the treatment of overweight and obesity. The objective was designing a health intervention that encourages behavior change that favors adherence to a diet and a physical activity plan in women of childbearing age. A mixed analysis was carried out that included the review of 193 clinical records in a private nutrition practice and the application of 16 semi-structured interviews to women with overweight, between 20 and 49 years old, with and without intention of losing weight, to identify factors related to the development of overweight. Based on this, a health intervention was designed to promote behavior change for weight loss, from de thranstheoretical model of change and integrated behavior. Factors related to attitudes, perceived norms, and personal agency were found to structure behavior change, and these were different when there is an intention to lose weight. Weight control interventions should seek adherence; promote the strengthening and creation of support social networks; identify and address barriers to adherence; adapt to the needs of the individual.
ABSTRACT
Durante el trienio Sep. 2008 a Jul. 2011 el Servicio de Consultoría de Postgrado e Investigaciones de CEDRO se desarrolló desde el espacio físico del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana. En ese periodo de tiempo se realizaron acciones conjuntas y se procesaron investigaciones de usuarios procedentes de diversas instituciones académicas y asistenciales. Los objetivos de este trabajo son la descripción de los principales resultados obtenidos, la valoración de su impacto en la formación científico técnica de los autores y su significación teórica y práctica. Se desarrolló un estudio documental y analítico de 59 investigaciones a partir de un diseño cualitativo en el que se incluyeron técnicas como el análisis de documentos, la observación participativa y las entrevistas a Informantes claves. Entre los resultados más significativos se encuentra el hecho de haber abarcado tanto la formación de pregrado como la mayoría de las figuras de la formación postgraduada, la selección de las investigaciones más representativas en cada categoría y de los proyectos científico técnicos de mayor trascendencia a los fines investigativos. Se concluye que las investigaciones abordadas contribuyeron a reafirmar la pertinencia del modelo de intervención psicosocial para la atención a pacientes con afecciones crónicas, significaron avances en la formación y calificación de los recursos humanos comprometidos en su ejecución y aportaron herramientas metodológicas aplicables a diversos contextos. Se sugiere incentivar a los autores de las tesis desarrolladas con vistas a la publicación de sus resultados y gestionar la aplicación de los aportes prácticos obtenidos en los contextos asistencial y académico(AU)
During the triennium Sep. 2008 to Jul. 2011 Post grade and investigations service consultancy of CEDRO were developed from the physical space of the Psychiatric Hospital of Havana. In that period of time combined actions were activated and investigations of users coming from academic and assistance diverse institutions were processed. The objectives of this work are the description of the obtained main results, the valuation of their impact in the formation scientist technique of the authors and their theoretical significance and practice. A documental and analytic study of 59 investigations was developed starting from a qualitative design in which they were included technical as the analysis of documents, the participatory observation and the interviews to key Informants. Among the most significant results it is the fact of having embraced the pre grade formation so much like most of the figures of the postgraduate formation, the selection of the most representative investigations in each category and of the projects scientist technicians of more transcendence to the investigative ends. We conclude that the approached investigations contributed to reaffirm the relevancy of the pattern of psychosocial intervention for the attention to patient with chronic affections, they meant advances in the formation and qualification of the human resources committed in their execution and they contributed methodological applicable tools to diverse contexts. It is suggested to motivate the authors of the theses developed with a view to the publication of their results and to negotiate the application of the practical contributions obtained in the assistance and academic contexts(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Education, Medical, Graduate , Health Postgraduate ProgramsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una propuesta de intervención psicológica dirigida a adultos mayores institucionalizados y no institucionalizados; para ello se tomó como referencia la situación actual del adulto, los estudios realizados entorno a esta etapa y específicamente lo relacionado con el diseño de programas de intervención, para finalmente exponer la propuesta de intervención psicológica que pretende no solo mejorar la calidad de vida del adulto mayor, sino abarcarlo desde sus diversas áreas de funcionamiento.
The objective of the present article is to raise a proposal of psychological intervention directed to older adults making a distinction between the institutionalized adults from the noninstitutionalized ones, taking as reference the present situation of the adult, the studies developed at this stage and specifically those related to the design of intervention programs. We expose the proposal of psychological intervention that tries not only to improve the quality of life of the older adult but to include them from their diverse areas.
