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1.
Crit. Care Sci ; 36: e20240068en, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564431

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To identify factors associated with hospitalization in the intensive care unit in children and adolescents with COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data of hospitalized children and adolescents (zero to 18 years old) with COVID-19 reported in Paraíba from April 2020 to July 2021, totaling 486 records. Descriptive analysis, logistic regression and multilevel regression were performed, utilizing a significance level of 5%. Results According to logistic regression without hierarchical levels, there was an increased chance of admission to the intensive care unit for male patients (OR = 1.98; 95%CI 1.18 - 3.32), patients with respiratory distress (OR = 2.43; 95%CI 1.29 - 4.56), patients with dyspnea (OR = 3.57; 95%CI 1.77 - 7.18) and patients living in large cities (OR = 2.70; 95%CI 1.07 - 6.77). The likelihood of requiring intensive care was observed to decrease with increasing age (OR = 0.94; 95%CI = 0.90 - 0.97), the presence of cough (OR = 0.32; 95%CI 0.18 - 0.59) or fever (OR = 0.42; 95%CI 0.23 - 0.74) and increasing Gini index (OR = 0.003; 95%CI 0.000 - 0.243). According to the multilevel analysis, the odds of admission to the intensive care unit increased in male patients (OR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.68-1.71) and with increasing population size of the municipality per 100,000 inhabitants (OR = 1.01; 95%CI 1.01-1.03); additionally, the odds of admission to the intensive care unit decreased for mixed-race versus non-brown-skinned patients (OR = 0.981; 95%CI 0.97 - 0.99) and increasing Gini index (OR = 0.02; 95%CI 0.02 - 0.02). Conclusion The effects of patient characteristics and social context on the need for intensive care in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection were better estimated with the inclusion of a multilevel regression model.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar fatores associados ao internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva de crianças e adolescentes com COVID-19. Método Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, com dados secundários, de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados (zero a 18 anos), notificados com COVID-19 na Paraíba, de abril de 2020 a julho de 2021, totalizando 486 registros. Foram realizadas análise descritiva, regressão logística e regressão multinível, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Na regressão logística sem níveis hierárquicos, ocorreu aumento da chance de internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva em pacientes do sexo masculino (RC = 1,98; IC95% 1,18 - 3,32), com desconforto respiratório (RC = 2,43; IC95% 1,29 - 4,56), dispneia (RC = 3,57; IC95% 1,77 - 7,18) e residentes em cidades com grande porte populacional (RC = 2,70; IC95% 1,07 - 6,77). Foi observada diminuição da chance de cuidados intensivos com aumento da idade em anos (RC = 0,94; IC95%=0,90 - 0,97), presença de tosse (RC = 0,32; IC95% 0,18 - 0,59), febre (RC = 0,42; IC95% 0,23 - 0,74) e aumento no Índice de Gini (RC = 0,003; IC95% 0,000 - 0,243). Na análise multinível, a chance de internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva aumentou no sexo masculino (RC = 1,70; IC95%=1,68-1,71) e por conta do aumento no porte populacional do município a cada 100 mil habitantes (RC = 1,01; IC95% 1,01 - 1,03); a chance de internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva diminuiu em pacientes pardos versus não pardos (RC = 0,981; IC95% 0,97 - 0,99) e por conta do aumento a cada pontuação do Índice de Gini (RC = 0,02; IC95% 0,02 - 0,02). Conclusão Os efeitos das condições próprias do paciente e do contexto social na necessidade de cuidados intensivos em crianças e adolescentes com infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 são mais bem estimados com a inclusão de um modelo de regressão multinível nas análises.

2.
J. health sci. (Londrina) ; 25(3): 153-158, 202309229.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1563031

ABSTRACT

Response surface methodology (RSM) consists of mathematical and statistical techniques to develop models which help to understand the influence of various factors on a dependent variable of interest. The feasibility of RSM use to detect cases of periodontitis and its correlated factors has not yet been evaluated. This study developed mathematical models for periodontitis diagnosis independent of periodontal probing using the RSM. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, systemic, local factors, and periodontitis were assessed in 176 volunteers. Periodontitis case was defined according to three different definitions: 1) ≥3 sites with clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥4 mm; 2) at least one site with CAL ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing; 3) ≥2 proximal sites with CAL ≥3 mm and ≥2 proximal sites with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm (not on the same tooth) OR 1 site with PD ≥5 mm. 4th-degree polynomial equations showed high coefficients of determination (R²= 1) and were used to represent the mathematical models of periodontitis cases. According to definition 1, the diagnosis of periodontitis was accurate by including in the model: age, sex, education level, plaque index (PI), number of missing teeth, previous hygiene instructions, and body mass index (BMI). According to definition 2, the diagnosis of periodontitis was accurate by including in the model: age, sex, education level, income, PI, previous oral hygiene instructions, frequency of brushing and type of toothbrush, and use of mouthwash in the model. For an accurate diagnosis of periodontitis according to definition 3, the model included: age, education level, IP, number of missing teeth, previous oral hygiene instruction, BMI, and diabetes. The multifactorial mathematical models were able to diagnosis periodontitis according to different periodontitis case definitions using only variables of easy evaluation and non-invasive. (AU)


A metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR) consiste em técnicas matemáticas e estatísticas para desenvolver modelos que ajudam a entender a influência de vários fatores em uma variável dependente de interesse. A viabilidade do uso da MSR para detectar casos de periodontite e seus fatores correlacionados ainda não foi avaliada. Este estudo desenvolveu modelos matemáticos para diagnóstico de periodontite independente da sondagem periodontal usando a MSR. Fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, comportamentais, sistêmicos, locais e periodontite foram avaliados em 176 voluntários. O caso de periodontite foi definido de acordo com três definições diferentes: 1) ≥3 locais com nível de inserção clínica (NIC) ≥4 mm; 2) Um local com NIC ≥4 mm e sangramento à sondagem; 3) ≥2 locais proximais com NIC ≥3 mm e ≥2 locais proximais com profundidade de sondagem (PS) ≥4 mm (não no mesmo dente) OU 1 local com PS ≥5 mm. Equações polinomiais de 4º grau apresentaram altos coeficientes de determinação (R²= 1) e foram utilizadas para representar os modelos matemáticos dos casos de periodontite. De acordo com a definição 1, o diagnóstico de periodontite foi preciso ao incluir no modelo: idade, sexo, escolaridade, índice de placa (IP), número de dentes perdidos, instruções de higiene anteriores e índice de massa corporal (IMC). De acordo com a definição 2, o diagnóstico de periodontite foi preciso ao incluir no modelo: idade, sexo, escolaridade, renda, IP, instruções prévias de higiene bucal, frequência de escovação e tipo de escova dental e uso de enxaguatório bucal no modelo. Para um diagnóstico preciso de periodontite de acordo com a definição 3, o modelo incluiu: idade, escolaridade, IP, número de dentes perdidos, instrução prévia de higiene oral, IMC e diabetes. Os modelos matemáticos multifatoriais foram capazes de diagnosticar a periodontite de acordo com diferentes definições de casos de periodontite usando apenas variáveis de fácil avaliação e não invasivas. (AU)

3.
Saude e pesqui. (Impr.) ; 16(2): 11524, abr./jun. 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510570

ABSTRACT

Estimar a prevalência de diabetes mellitus e os fatores associados em adultos. Trata-se de um inquérito realizado com 1.637 indivíduos nas zonas urbana e rural do município de Rio Branco, Acre. Diabetes foi definido pela presença de glicemia no plasma em jejum ≥ 126 mg/dl ou utilização de hipoglicemiante oral ou insulina. Medidas de associação foram estimadas por regressão logística hierarquizada. A prevalência de diabetes foi de 6,5% (n = 202). Após análise, a chance de ser diabético esteve independente e positivamente associada a idade ≥ 60 anos (OR: 6,67; IC95%: 1,83-24,30); história familiar de diabetes mellitus (OR: 2,88; IC95%: 1,43-5,81); circunferência da cintura aumentada (OR: 1,83; IC95%:1,01-3,33); dislipidemia (OR: 2,95; IC95%: 1,34-6,49); anemia (OR: 3,15; IC95%: 1,30-7,60); e doença renal crônica (DRC) (OR: 4,00; IC95%: 1,70-9,33). Foi detectada uma prevalência de 6,5%, estando o diabetes associado com idade, história familiar, anemia e DRC. Indica-se a necessidade do adequado rastreio de comorbidades nesses pacientes.


To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in adults.Survey carried out with 1,637 individuals in urban and rural areas of the municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre. Diabetes was defined by the presence of fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl or the use of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Association measures were estimated by hierarchical logistic regression.The prevalence of diabetes was 6.5% (n = 202). After analysis, the chance of being diabetic was independently and positively associated with age ≥ 60 years (OR: 6.67; 95%CI: 1.83-24.30); family history of diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.88; 95%CI: 1.43-5.81); increased waist circumference (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.01-3.33); dyslipidemia (OR: 2.95; 95%CI: 1.34-6.49); anemia (OR: 3.15; 95%CI: 1.30-7.60); and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR: 4.00; 95%CI: 1.70-9.33). A prevalence of 6.5% was detected, with diabetes associated with age, family history, anemia, and CKD. The need for adequate screening of comorbidities in these patients is indicated.

4.
Preprint in Spanish | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-6113

ABSTRACT

Introducción: CS (congenital syphilis) is a serious disorder that, if it does not cause death at an early age, can cause permanent disorders. This can be almost completely prevented, as long as the mother receives adequate and timely treatment. Objective: To establish the structural and intermediate determinants that best explain the outcome of congenital syphilis. Methodology: Descriptive observational study with analytical intention and focus on social determinants of health, carried out in a cohort of pregnant women confirmed with gestational syphilis, active members of an insured person in Valle del Cauca between 2015 and 2020, exploratory analysis was carried out by absolute frequencies. and related bivariate analyzes with contingency tables using the chi square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A higher volume of cases of gestational syphilis was found in women living in urban areas, in the subsidized regime, in socioeconomic status one or two, and in vulnerable population groups such as displaced persons, in prison, and residents of the municipalities of Cali and the district of Bonaventure. Conclusions: The structural and intermediate determinants that increase the probability of congenital syphilis outcome were pregnant women in the subsidized regime, rural area, indigenous and ROM (gypsy) ethnic groups, socioeconomic stratum 2, with late diagnosis, absent prenatal check-ups, without screening tests, without their own treatment or contacts, residents in municipalities far from the capital and with a higher infant mortality rate.


Introducción: La SC (sífilis congénita) es un trastorno grave que, si no provoca la muerte a edad temprana, puede causar trastornos permanentes. Esto puede prevenirse casi por completo, siempre y cuando la madre reciba un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno. Objetivo: Establecer los determinantes estructurales e intermedios que mejor explican el desenlace de sífilis congénita. Metodología:Estudio observacional descriptivo con intención analítica y enfoque en determinantes sociales de la salud, realizado en una cohorte de gestantes confirmadas con sífilis gestacional, afiliadas activas a una asegurada en el Valle del Cauca entre 2015 y 2020, se realizó análisis exploratorios por frecuencias absolutas y relacionadas , análisis bivariados con tablas de contingencia utilizando la prueba de chi cuadrado y análisis multivariado de regresión logística. Results: Se encontró mayor volumen de casos de SG en mujeres residentes de la zona urbana, del régimen subsidiado, de estrato socioeconómico uno o dos y de grupos poblacionales vulnerables como desplazadas, en condición carcelaria y residente en los municipios de Cali y el distrito de Buenaventura. Conclusiones:los determinantes estructurales e intermedios que incrementaron la probabilidad de desenlace de SC fueron las gestantes del régimen subsidiado, área rural, de etnias indígenas y ROM (gitanos), de estrato socioeconómico 2, con diagnóstico tardío, que no asistieron a los controles prenatales, sin pruebas de tamizaje, sin tratamiento propio ni de contactos, residentes en municipios alejados de la capital y con mayor tasa de mortalidad infantil.

5.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 44: e20230077, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1522030

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with loss to follow-up in tuberculosis cases among adults in Brazil in 2020 and 2021. Method: Retrospective cohort with secondary data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System. A total of 24,344 people diagnosed with tuberculosis whose information was complete in the database were included. Adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals were estimated by binary logistic regression. Results: Higher odds of loss to follow-up were observed for males, non-white ethnicity/color, with lower education level, homeless or deprived of liberty, who used drugs, alcohol and/or tobacco, with admission due to recurrence or re-entry after abandonment, and with unknown or positive serology for HIV. On the other hand, older age, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, deprivation of libertyand supervised treatment were associated with lower odds of loss to follow-up. Conclusion: Demographic, socioeconomic and clinical-epidemiological factors were associated with the loss to follow-up in tuberculosis cases, which reiterates the various vulnerabilities intertwined with the illness and treatment of this disease. Therefore, there is a need to promote strategies aimed at adherence and linkage to the care for groups most vulnerable to loss to follow-up in tuberculosis treatment in Brazil.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la pérdida de seguimiento de los casos de tuberculosis entre adultos en Brasil en 2020 y 2021. Método: Cohorte retrospectiva con datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria de Brasil. Se incluyeron un total de 24.344 personas diagnosticadas con tuberculosis cuya información estaba completa en la base de datos. Las razones de probabilidad ajustadas y los intervalos de confianza se estimaron mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Se observaron mayores posibilidades de perder el seguimiento para el sexo masculino, de etnia/color no blanco, con baja escolaridad, sin hogar, que usaban drogas, alcohol y/o tabaco, con ingreso por recidiva o reingreso tras abandono, y con serología desconocida o positiva para VIH. Por otro lado, la edad avanzada, la forma extrapulmonar de tuberculosis, la privación de libertad y el tratamiento supervisado se asociaron con menores probabilidades. Conclusión: Factores demográficos, socioeconómicos y clínico-epidemiológicos se asociaron a la pérdida del seguimiento de los casos de tuberculosis, lo que reitera las diversas vulnerabilidades entrelazadas con la enfermedad y el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de promover estrategias dirigidas a la adherencia y la vinculación a la atención de los grupos más vulnerables a la pérdida del tratamiento de seguimiento de la tuberculosis en Brasil.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à perda de seguimento dos casos de tuberculose entre adultos no Brasil em 2020 e 2021. Método: Coorte retrospectiva com dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Brasil. Foram incluídas 24.344 pessoas diagnosticadas com tuberculose cujas informações estavam completas no banco de dados. Razões de chances ajustadas eintervalos de confiança foram estimados por regressão logística binária. Resultados: Observaram-se maiores chances de perda de seguimento para pessoas do sexo masculino, deetnia/cor não branca, combaixa escolaridade, em situação de rua, que faziamuso de drogas, álcool e/outabaco, com entrada porrecorrênciaou reingressoapós abandono, e com sorologia desconhecida oupositiva para HIV. Por outro lado, a idade mais avançada, a forma extrapulmonar da tuberculose, a privação de liberdade eo tratamento supervisionado associaram-se a menores chances. Conclusão: Fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e clínico-epidemiológicos estiveram associadosà perda de seguimento dos casos de tuberculose, o que reitera as diversas vulnerabilidades imbricadas ao adoecimento e ao tratamento dessa doença. Portanto, constata-se a necessidade depromoção de estratégias que visem à adesão e à vinculação ao cuidado dos grupos mais vulneráveis à perda de seguimento do tratamento para tuberculoseno Brasil.

6.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 33(2): 2-9, jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210344

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de las variables consideradas influyentes sobre el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador. Metodología: El estudio respondió a una modalidad de investigación empírico-analítica, y la metodología que se aplicó en este trabajo utilizó el análisis multivariante y los modelos de regresión logit multinominal. Se realizó en L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), con la participación de 14 profesionales sanitarios y 296 cuidadores informales durante los años 2016 y 2017. La técnica de muestreo seleccionada fue la de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. El cuestionario utilizado para este estudio fue un instrumento diseñado ad hoc y con solidez psicométrica demostrada, conocido como CESC (Cuestionario de Evaluación de Sobrecarga del Cuidador). Resultados: El análisis factorial mediante componentes principales permitió agrupar las 16 variables estudiadas en 5 factores: “expresión emocional”, “calidad de vida”, “deterioro funcional y cognitivo”, “red de apoyo” y “desarrollo social”. El resultado explicó el 58,99% de la varianza. Posteriormente se construyó un modelo de regresión logística multinomial, se incorporó como variable dependiente el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador, y como variables independientes los síntomas y predictores de sobrecarga que componen cada factor. Conclusiones: Destaca la importancia de las variables en el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador, con la preeminencia del factor emocional. Se determinó que los sistemas de apoyo juegan un papel importante en el desempeño del rol del cuidador (AU)


Objective: To evaluate the effect of each of the considered influential variables on the level of caregiver overload. Methodology he study was based on empirical and analytical research. Multivariate analysis and multinominal logit regression models were used. It was made in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), involving 14 health professionals and 296 informal carers during 2016 and 2017. A technique of “non-probabilistic sampling for convenience” was selected. The questionnaire used for this study was an ad hoc designed instrument and with proven psychometric strength, known as CESC (Caregiver Overload Assessment Questionnaire). Results: Factorial analysis through main components allowed grouping the 16 variables studied in 5 factors: “emotional expression”, “quality of life”, “functional and cognitive deterioration”, “support network” and “social development”. The result explained 58.99% of the variance. Subsequently, a multinomial logistic regression model was constructed, was incorporated as a dependent variable the overload caregiver level, and as independent variables the symptoms and predictors of overload that compose each factor. Conclusions: Highlights the importance of the variables in the level of caregiver overload, with the pre-eminence of the emotional factor. It was determined that the support systems are important in the role of the caregiver (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Caregivers/psychology , Burnout, Psychological/diagnosis , Workload/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Logistic Models
7.
ABCS health sci ; 47: e022204, 06 abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1363533

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the renal replacement therapy (RRT) of choice for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, not every KT is successful and some patients persist on RRT. OBJECTIVE: To model a logistic regression with pre- and post-KT risk covariates capable of predicting secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching stage V of CKD until the first six months post-KT. METHODS: Cohort with KT recipients from Northeastern Brazil. Medical records of KT performed between 2011-2018 were analyzed. KT-recipients with insufficient data or who abandoned follow-up were excluded. The covariables analyzed were: demographic; infectious; pre- and post-KT comorbidities; panel reactive-antibodies; number of HLA mismatches; acute rejection episodes mediated by T-cell (ACR) or antibodies (AAR) six months after KT; and laboratory tests six months after KT. RESULTS: Covariates with higher risk for the analyzed outcomes six months after KT were: elderly KT recipients (OR:1.41; CI95%:1.01-1.99), time between onset of RRT and KT (ΔT-RRT&KT)>10years (OR:3.54; CI95%:1.27-9.87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pre-KT (OR:3.35; CI95%:1.51-7.46), pyelonephritis (OR:2.45; CI95%:1.24-4.84), polyomavirus nephropathy (OR:4.99; CI95%:1.87-13.3), AAS (OR:4.82; CI95%:1.35-17.2), 24h-proteinuria ≥300mg/24h (OR:5.05; CI95%:2.00-12.7) and serum calcium (Ca) <8.5mg/dL (OR:4.72; CI95%:2.00-11.1). The multivariate model presented an accuracy of 88.1% and the mean variance inflation factor is 1.81. CONCLUSION: Elderly-recipients, ΔT-RRT&KT>10 years, pre-KT DM, and post-KT aggressions until six months (pyelonephritis, polyomavirus nephropathy, ABMR, 24h-proteinuria≥300mg/24h, and Ca<8.5mg/dL) are associated with high predictive power for secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching CKD stage V until the first six months post-KT.


INTRODUÇÃO: Transplante renal (TR) é a terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) de escolha para pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Entretanto, nem todo TR é bem-sucedido e alguns pacientes persistem em TRS. OBJETIVO: Modelar uma regressão logística com covariáveis de risco pré e pós-TR preditora da disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR. MÉTODOS: Coorte com receptores transplantados realizado em hospital no Nordeste brasileiro. Analisou-se registros médicos dos TR realizados entre 2011-2018. Receptores com dados insuficientes ou que abandonaram seguimento foram excluídos. Foram analisadas covariáveis: demográficas; infecciosas; comorbidades pré e pós-TR; painel de reatividade; incompatibilidades de HLA; episódios de rejeições agudas mediadas por células-T ou por anticorpos; exames laboratoriais seis meses pós-TR. RESULTADOS: Receptores idosos (OR:1,41; IC95%:1,01-1,99), tempo entre início da TRS e TR (∆T-TRS&TR)>10 anos (OR:3,54; IC95%:1,27-9,87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-TR (OR:3,35; IC95%:1,51-7,46), pielonefrite (OR:2,45; IC95%:1,24-4,84), nefropatia por poliomavírus (OR:4,99; IC95%:1,87-13,3), RAMA (OR:4,82; IC95%:1,35-17,2), proteinúria de 24h (Pt24h) ≥300mg/24h (OR:5,05; IC95%:2,00-12,7) e cálcio sérico (Ca)<8,5mg/dL (OR:4,72; IC95%:2,00-11,1) foram identificadas como covariáveis de maior risco para os desfechos analisados até seis meses pós-TR. O modelo multivariado apresentou acurácia de 88,1% e fator de inflação da variância médio de 1,81. CONCLUSÃO: Receptores idosos, ∆T-TRS&TR>10anos, DM pré-TR e agressões até seis meses pós-TR (pielonefrite, nefropatia por poliomavírus, RAMA, Pt24h≥300mg/24h e Ca<8,5mg/dL), apresentam alto poder preditivo para disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Kidney Transplantation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Allografts , Proteinuria , Pyelonephritis , Logistic Models , Retrospective Studies , Renal Dialysis , Immunosuppression Therapy , BK Virus , Disease Progression , Hypocalcemia
8.
Saúde debate ; 46(spe8): 118-129, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432387

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Este trabalho fez uso da inteligência artificial para contribuir com evidências empíricas que auxiliem na previsão de morte por Covid-19, possibilitando a melhoria de protocolos de saúde utilizados em sistemas de saúde no Brasil e dotando a sociedade com mais ferramentas de combate a essa doença. Utilizaram-se dados de janeiro a setembro de 2021 para o Brasil com o objetivo de prever morte por Covid-19, tomando por base o quadro clínico de pacientes que utilizaram o Sistema Único de Saúde no período estudado. Três algoritmos de classificação foram experimentados: Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT) e Random Forest (RF). Os modelos LR, DT e RF tiveram uma acurácia média de, respectivamente, 76%, 76% e 77% na previsão de morte. Além disso, foi possível inferir que, quando o paciente chega a um ponto que necessita do uso de suporte ventilatório e de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, somado à idade, sua chance de ir a óbito por Covid-19 é maior.


ABSTRACT This work makes use of artificial intelligence to contribute with empirical evidence that help predict death by COVID-19, enabling the improvement of health protocols used in health systems in Brazil and providing society with more tools to combat COVID-19. Data from January to September 2021 for Brazil are used in order to predict death by COVID-19 based on the clinical status of patients who used the Unified Health System in the studied period, in which three classification algorithms were tried: Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF). The LR, DT, and RF models had a mean accuracy of 76%, 76%, and 77% in predicting death, respectively. In addition, it was possible to infer that when patients reach a point that require the use of ventilatory support and ICU, added to age, their chance of dying of COVID-19 is greater.

9.
Univ. salud ; 23(3): 179-188, sep.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1341764

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El Bajo Peso al Nacer (BPN) tiene múltiples causas y continúa siendo un problema que afecta diferentes regiones de Colombia. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con BPN en el Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles que incluyó madres y recién nacidos, cuyo parto fue atendido entre noviembre de 2014 y junio de 2015. Resultados: El riesgo de BPN fue mayor en mujeres con edad entre 10-19 años (OR=7,79, IC95%=2,61-23,23), con antecedente de infección vaginal durante el embarazo (OR=4, IC95%=1,26-12,66), nivel educativo primaria incompleta (OR=10,93, IC95%=1,51-79,13) o primaria completa (OR=2,94, IC95%=1,06-8,13), afiliadas al régimen de salud subsidiado (OR=4,96, IC95%=1,71-14,41). El riesgo de tener un recién nacido con BPN se redujo un 10% (OR=0,90, IC95%=0,84-0,96) por cada incremento en una unidad de Índice de Masa Corporal y un 76% (OR=0,23, IC95%=0,16-0,34) por cada incremento en una semana de gestación. Conclusiones: La mayoría de factores de riesgo identificados pueden ser prevenidos o intervenidos precozmente desde un enfoque de salud pública.


Abstract Introduction: Low Birth Weight (LBW) has multiple causes and continues to be a problem that affects different regions of Colombia. Objective: To determine factors associated with LBW in the Departmental University Hospital of Nariño (Colombia). Materials and methods: A case-control study that included newborns and mothers whose delivery took place between November 2014 and June 2015. Results: Risk of LBW was higher in: women aged between 10-19 years (OR=7.79, 95%CI=2.61-23.23); with history of vaginal infection during pregnancy (OR=4, 95%CI=1.26-12.66); and those affiliated with the subsidized health regimen (OR=4.96, 95%CI=1.71-14.41). The risk of having a newborn with LBW was reduced by 10% (OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.84-0.96) for each one unit increase in Body Mass index, and by 76% (OR=0.23, 95%CI=0.16-0.34) for each increase in one week of gestation. Conclusions: Most of the identified risk factors can be prevented or intervened with through an early public health approach.


Subject(s)
Infant, Low Birth Weight , Risk Factors , Prenatal Care , Pregnancy , Logistic Models
10.
Semergen ; 47(8): 515-520, 2021.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34509372

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Recognized the value of gestational diabetes (GD) as a health problem, our aim in this work has been to analyze the diagnostic performance of the different today's existing criteria (GEDE, O'Sullivan and Carpenter) after the overload of 100 g of glucose and revise how to increase its efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a description of all the variables. In the analytical phase of the work, we used Pearson's Chi square to see if there were differences in the percentage of cases collected in each health center and the proportions contrast test to study the differences between the experimental prevalence. We completed binary logistic regression models using as result variable having or not having gestational diabetes (yes/no) and as predictors the four measurements of the curve with 100 g of glucose overload. To decide which model was better, the stepwise backward-forward analysis and the surface of the ROC curve generated by each of them were considered. RESULTS: We obtained a sample of 170 pregnant women from six different Primary Care Area of Seville health centers who had shown a positive O'Sullivan test with a median age of 35 years. There were significant differences in the prevalence proportions according to the criteria used: GEDE/O'Sullivan p < 0.001; GEDE/Carpenter p < 0.001. Logistic models with three and four predictor variables were equal in discriminatory diagnostic capacity when the GEDE criteria were used (area under the ROC curve = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98). The back-forward stepwise analysis stayed with the three-variable model as the most parsimonious. The same did not occur when applying the other two criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding an observational design, we state that there are significant differences in the prevalence proportions observed according to the criteria applied (p < 0.001) and we can also support that using the GEDE criteria, the taking of the third hour could be dispensed with, based on Bayesian criteria and the application of the ROC curve analysis.


Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational , Adult , Bayes Theorem , Blood Glucose , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Female , Glucose , Humans , Pregnancy , Prevalence
11.
Edumecentro ; 13(3): 217-236, jul.-sept. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286263

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: la deserción escolar debe ser analizada en un contexto multivariado para identificar sus causas y efectos, de ningún modo debe ser atribuida a una sola causa. Objetivo: determinar la capacidad predictiva de algunos factores sobre la deserción escolar de estudiantes de Medicina, a través de un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, predictivo en 87 estudiantes de Medicina matriculados en el curso 2015-2016. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empíricos y se realizó en dos etapas: en la primera se identificaron las variables más asociadas a la deserción escolar a través de un análisis bivariado; y en la segunda, se analizó la capacidad de estas variables para predecir la deserción a través de la regresión logística (análisis multivariado). Resultados: en el análisis bivariado, nueve variables mostraron relación significativa con la deserción escolar; al someterlas al análisis multivariado (correlación y regresión logística), solo cuatro mantuvieron la significación estadística, por lo que finalmente fueron las escogidas como variables predictoras. Conclusiones: la deserción escolar en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina puede predecirse por la combinación sinérgica de los cuatro predictores: dedicarle al estudio menos de 15 horas por semana, el sexo femenino, la repitencia escolar y el bajo rendimiento académico en Morfofisiología.


ABSTRACT Background: school dropout should be analyzed in a multivariate context to identify its causes and effects; in no way, it should be attributed to a single cause. Objective: to determine the predictive capacity of some factors on the school dropout of medical students, through a multiple logistic regression model. Methods: an analytical, predictive study was carried out in 87 medical students enrolled in the 2015-2016 academic year. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied and it was carried out in two stages: in the first, the variables most associated with school dropout were identified through a bivariate analysis; and in the second, the ability of these variables to predict dropout was analyzed through logistic regression (multivariate analysis). Results: in the bivariate analysis, nine variables showed a significant relationship with school dropout; when subjected to multivariate analysis (correlation and logistic regression), only four maintained statistical significance, that´s why they were finally chosen as predictor variables. Conclusions: school dropout in Medicine students can be predicted by the synergistic combination of the four predictors: dedicating less than 15 hours per week to study, female sex, school repetition and low academic performance in Morphology-physiology.


Subject(s)
Student Dropouts , Underachievement , Logistic Models , Forecasting
12.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 29: e3399, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | BDENF - Nursing, LILACS | ID: biblio-1150015

ABSTRACT

Objective: to identify the predictors of functional decline in hospitalized individuals aged 70 or over, between: baseline and discharge; discharge and follow-up, and baseline and three-month follow-up. Method: a prospective cohort study conducted in internal medicine services. A questionnaire was applied (clinical and demographic variables, and predictors of functional decline) at three moments. The predictors were determined using the binary logistic regression model. Results: the sample included 101 patients, 53.3% female, mean age of 82.47 ± 6.57 years old. The predictors that most contributed to decline in hospitalization were the following: previous hospitalization (OR=1.8), access to social support (OR=4.86), cognitive deficit (OR=6.35), mechanical restraint (OR=7.82), and not having a partner (OR=4.34). Age (OR=1.18) and medical diagnosis (OR=0.10) were the predictors between discharge and follow-up. Being older, delirium during hospitalization (OR=5.92), and presenting risk of functional decline (OR=5.53) were predictors of decline between the baseline and follow-up. Conclusion: the most relevant predictors were age, previous hospitalization, cognitive deficit, restraint, social support, not having a partner, and delirium. Carrying out interventions aimed at minimizing the impact of these predictors can be an important contribution in the prevention of functional decline.


Objetivo: identificar os preditores do declínio funcional em pessoas hospitalizadas com 70 ou mais anos, entre: baseline e alta; alta e follow-up e baseline e follow-up de três meses. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em serviços de medicina interna. Aplicado um questionário (variáveis demográficas, clínicas e preditores do declínio funcional) em três momentos. Os preditores foram determinados utilizando o modelo de regressão logística binária. Resultados: a amostra incluiu 101 pacientes, 53.3% do sexo feminino, idade média de 82,47 ± 6,57 anos. Os preditores que mais contribuíram para o declínio na hospitalização foram: internação prévia (RC=1,8), acesso a apoio social (RC=4,86), déficit cognitivo (RC=6,35), contenção mecânica (RC=7,82) e não ter parceiro(a) (RC=4,34). A idade (RC=1,18) e o diagnóstico médico (RC=0,10) foram os preditores entre a alta e o follow-up. Ser mais velho, delirium durante a hospitalização (RC=5,92) e ter risco de declínio funcional (RC=5,53), foram preditores de declinio entre a baseline e o follow-up. Conclusão: os preditores mais relevantes foram idade, internação prévia, déficit cognitivo, contenção, apoio social, não ter parceiro(a) e delirium. Executar intervenções orientadas para minimizar o impacto destes preditores pode ser um importante contributo na prevenção do declínio funcional.


Objetivo: identificar los predictores del deterioro funcional en personas internadas de al menos 70 años de edad, entre: baseline y alta; alta y follow-up, y baseline y follow-up a los tres meses. Método: estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado en servicios de Medicina Interna. Se aplicó un cuestionario (variables clínicas y demográficas, y predictores del deterioro funcional) en tres momentos. Los predictores se determinaron por medio del modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la muestra incluyó a 101 pacientes, 53,3% del sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 82,47 ± 6,57 años. Los predictores que más contribuyeron al deterioro durante la internación fueron los siguientes: internación anterior (OR=1,8), acceso a apoyo social (OR=4,86), déficit cognitivo (OR=6,35), restricción mecánica del movimiento (OR=7,82) y no tener pareja (OR=4,34). La edad (OR=1,18) y el diagnóstico médico (OR=0,10) fueron los predictores entre el alta y el follow-up. Tener edad avanzada, padecer delirium durante la internación (OR=5,92), y presentar riesgo de deterioro funcional (OR=5,53) fueron predictores del deterioro entre la baseline y el follow-up. Conclusión: los predictores más relevantes fueron edad, internación anterior, déficit cognitivo, restricción del movimiento, apoyo social, no tener pareja y delirium. Realizar intervenciones destinadas a minimizar el efecto de estos predictores puede ser un importante aporte para prevenir el deterioro funcional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Social Support , Logistic Models , Health of the Elderly , Risk , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cohort Studies , Nursing , Delirium , Disease Prevention , Hospitalization
13.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 24(supl.1): e210015, 2021. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288492

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes for small areas in Belo Horizonte, according to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). Methods: Ecological study with data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) conducted in Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2013. The self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension were evaluated. The estimates of prevalence and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using the direct and indirect method by HVI grouped into four categories: low, medium, high and very high health risk. Results: During the period evaluated, 26% (95%CI 25.2 - 26.8) and 6.1% (95%CI 6.7 - 6.5) of the adult population from Belo Horizonte reported being hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. According to the indirect method to obtain estimates of hypertension and diabetes prevalences per HVI, it was found that areas of very high risk had a higher prevalence of adults with hypertension (38.6%; 95%CI 34.8 - 42.4) and diabetes (16.2%; 95%CI 13.1 - 19.3) when compared to the low risk (28.2%; 95%CI 27.0 - 29.4 and 6%; 95%CI 5.4 - 6.7, respectively). Conclusion: The adult population living in areas at high risk for health had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with a lower risk.


RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar as prevalências de hipertensão e diabetes para pequenas áreas em Belo Horizonte, MG, segundo o índice de vulnerabilidade da saúde (IVS). Métodos: Estudo ecológico com dados do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico realizado em Belo Horizonte, nos anos de 2006 a 2013. Foi avaliado o diagnóstico autorreferido de diabetes e de hipertensão. As estimativas de prevalência e o intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%) foram calculados, segundo IVS, usando os métodos de estimação direto e indireto para pequenas áreas. Resultados: Durante o período avaliado, 26 (IC95% 25,2 - 26,8) e 6,1% (IC95% 6,7 - 6,5) da população adulta de Belo Horizonte reportaram ser hipertensos e diabéticos, respectivamente. Segundo o método indireto para obtenção das estimativas de hipertensão e diabetes por IVS, verificou-se que as áreas de risco muito elevado apresentaram maior prevalência de adultos com hipertensão (38,6%; IC95% 34,8 - 42,4) e diabetes (16,2%; IC95% 13,1 - 19,3) quando comparadas com as de baixo risco (28,2%; IC95% 27,0 - 29,4) e (6%; IC95% 5,4 - 6,7), respectivamente. Conclusão: A população de adultos residentes em áreas com risco elevado à saúde apresentou maiores prevalências de hipertensão e diabetes em comparação àquelas com menor risco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Health Surveys
14.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 24(supl.1): e210002, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288505

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Objective: The study aimed to validate the estimates of adult smokers determined by Vigitel for small areas, defined by the Health Vulnerability Index (IVS). Methods: The database of the Health Survey of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH) carried out in 2010 and the data from Vigitel in the period from 2010 to 2013 were used to obtain estimates of adult smokers by IVS. With Vigitel, the estimate of smokers by IVS was obtained by the indirect estimation method in small areas. The prevalence of adult smokers was compared, considering RMBH as the gold standard. The t test was used to evaluate the difference between the means and the Pearson correlation, with a significance level of 5%. Results: When stratifying by IVS in the household survey, the prevalence of adult smokers ranged from 13.39% (95%CI 11.88 - 14.91) for residents in a low-risk area to 22.9% (95%CI 12.33 - 33.48) among residents in a very high-risk area. With Vigitel, according to IVS, the prevalence of adult smokers ranged from 11.98% (95%CI 10.75 - 13.21) for residents in the low-risk area to 22.31% (95%CI 18.25 - 26.1) in very high-risk areas. The prevalence was similar between the two surveys, showing good Pearson correlation (r = 0.93). Conclusion: The study points out that the estimates of smokers were similar in both surveys, showing the external validity of Vigitel. There was a gradient in prevalence, with progressive increase, identifying a higher proportion of smokers in high-risk areas.


RESUMO: Objetivo: Validar as estimativas de adultos fumantes produzidas pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por inquérito telefônico (Vigitel) para pequenas áreas, definidas pelo Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde (IVS). Métodos: A base de dados do Inquérito de Saúde da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), realizado em 2010, e os dados do Vigitel Belo Horizonte, no período de 2010 a 2013, foram utilizados para obter as estimativas de adultos fumantes por IVS, mediante uso do método indireto de estimação em pequenas áreas. As prevalências de adultos fumantes foram comparadas, considerando-se o Inquérito de Saúde da RMBH como padrão-ouro. Foi utilizado o Teste de hipótese para diferença entre as médias e a correlação de Pearson, sendo considerado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Ao estratificar por IVS no inquérito domiciliar, a prevalência de adultos fumantes variou de 13,39% (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 11,88 - 14,91), para residentes em área de baixo risco, a 22,9% (IC95% 12,33 - 33,48), entre residentes em área de muito alto risco. No Vigitel, segundo IVS, a prevalência de adultos fumantes variou de 11,98% (IC95% 10,75 - 13,21), para residentes em área de baixo risco, a 22,31% (IC95% 18,25 - 26,1), para residentes nas áreas de muito alto risco. As prevalências foram semelhantes entre os dois inquéritos, mostrando boa correlação de Pearson (r = 0,93). Conclusão: O estudo aponta que as estimativas de fumantes foram semelhantes em ambos os inquéritos, mostrando validade externa do Vigitel. Ocorreu gradiente nas prevalências, com aumento progressivo, identificando-se proporção mais elevada de fumantes em áreas de risco elevado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Environment , Smokers , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Health Surveys
15.
Preprint in Portuguese | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-1609

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes for small areas in Belo Horizonte, using the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). Methods: Ecological study with data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) conducted in Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2013. The self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension were evaluated. The estimates of prevalence and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using the direct and indirect method by HVI grouped into four categories: low, medium, high and very high health risk. Results: During the period evaluated, 26.0% (95% CI 25.2 - 26.8) and 6.1% (95% CI 6.7% - 6.5%) of the adult population in Belo Horizonte reported being hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. According to the indirect method to obtain estimates of hypertension and diabetes due to HVI, it was found that areas of very high risk had a higher prevalence of adults with hypertension (38.6; 95% CI: 34.8 - 42.4) and diabetes (16.2%; 95% CI: 13.1 - 19.3) when compared to the low risk (28.2; 95% CI: 27.0­ 29.4) and (6.0%; 95% CI: 5.4 - 6.7), respectively. Conclusions: The adult population living in areas at high risk for health had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with a lower risk.


Objetivo: Estimar as prevalências de hipertensão e diabetes para pequenas áreas em Belo Horizonte, utilizando o índice de vulnerabilidade à Saúde (IVS). Métodos:  Estudo ecológico com dados do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico realizado em Belo Horizonte, nos anos de 2006 a 2013. Foram avaliados o diagnóstico autorreferido de diabetes e hipertensão. As estimativas de prevalências e o intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%) foram calculadas usando o método de estimação direto e indireto por IVS agrupado em quatro categorias: baixo, médio, alto e muito alto risco à saúde. Resultados:  Durante o período avaliado, 26,0 % (IC95% 25,2 ­ 26,8) e 6,1 % (IC95% 6,7% ­ 6,5%) da população adulta de Belo Horizonte reportaram ser hipertensos e diabéticos, respectivamente. Segundo o método indireto para obtenção das estimativas de hipertensão e diabetes por IVS, verificou-se que as áreas de risco muito elevado apresentaram maior prevalência de adultos com hipertensão (38,6; IC95%: 34,8 - 42,4) e diabetes (16,2%; IC95%:13,1 ­ 19,3) quando comparados com o de baixo risco  (28,2; IC95%: 27,0­ 29,4) e (6,0%; IC95%: 5,4 ­ 6,7), respectivamente. Conclusões: A população de adultos residentes em áreas com risco elevado à saúde apresentou maiores prevalências de hipertensão e diabetes em comparação àquelas com menor risco.

16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(6): 683-689, dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388189

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Para el caso de infección urinaria adquirida en la comunidad la identificación de enterobacterias con beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) puede optimizar las estrategias de tratamiento, control y seguimiento; sin embargo, el efecto de prevalencias variables de este patrón de resistencia ha afectado la validez externa de este tipo de modelos. OBJETIVO: Desarrollar un modelo predictor diagnóstico que ajuste el error de predicción en prevalencias variables utilizando la regresión LASSO. MÉTODOS: Se diseñó un modelo predictor diagnóstico de infección urinaria adquirida en la comunidad por enterobacterias productoras de BLEE. Se empleó un estudio de corte transversal, tanto para la construcción como para la validación. Para evaluar el efecto de la prevalencia variable del desenlace, la validación se realizó con población en la que la proporción de aislados con este mecanismo de resistencia fue menor, los participantes fueron pacientes adultos que consultaron a servicios de urgencias de dos instituciones hospitalarias de mediano nivel de complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín. Para ajustar el efecto de un medio ambiente con menor proporción de resistencia antimicrobiana, utilizamos la contracción de predictores por regresión LASSO. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 303 pacientes para la construcción del modelo, se evaluaron seis predictores y la validación se realizó en 220 pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: El modelo ajustado con regresión LASSO favoreció la validez externa del modelo en poblaciones con proporción de aislados productores de BLEE en urocultivo de pacientes ambulatorio entre 11 y 16%. Este estudio brinda criterios para un aislamiento temprano cuando los predictores están presentes en poblaciones con proporciones de resistencia en urocultivos ambulatorios cercanas a 15% y propone una metodología para ajuste de error en el diseño de modelos de predicción en resistencia antimicrobiana


BACKGROUND: In the case of community-acquired urinary tract infection, the identification of Enterobacteriaceae with extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) can optimize treatment, control and follow-up strategies, however the effect of variable prevalences of this resistance pattern has affected the external validity of this type of models. AIM: To develop a diagnostic predictive model that adjusts the prediction error in variable prevalences using the LASSO regression. METHODS: A diagnostic predictive model of community-acquired urinary tract infection by infection by ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae was designed. A cross-sectional study was used for both construction and validation. To assess the effect of the variable prevalence of the outcome, the validation was performed with a population in which the proportion of isolates with this resistance mechanism was lower, the participants were adult patients who consulted the emergency services of two medium-level hospital institutions. complexity of the city of Medellin. To adjust for the effect of an environment with a lower proportion of antimicrobial resistance, we used the contraction of predictors by LASSO regression. RESULTS: 303 patients were included for the construction of the model, six predictors were evaluated and validation was carried out in 220 patients. CONCLUSION: The adjusted model with LASSO regression favored the external validity of the model in populations with a proportion of ESBL producing isolates in urine culture of outpatients between 11 and 16%. This study provides criteria for early isolation when predictors are present in populations with proportions of resistance in ambulatory urine cultures close to 15% and proposes a methodology for the adjustment of errors in the design of prediction models for antimicrobial resistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology , beta-Lactamases , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
17.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(3): 510-515, jul-sep 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145023

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio transversal con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de terapias de medicina alternativa y complementaria (MAC) y sus factores asociados, en la provincia de Coronel Portillo (Ucayali), durante el 2013. Se realizaron 917 encuestas a los jefes de hogar, residentes en tres distritos de la provincia (Callería, Manantay y Yarinacocha), en las que se calculó la proporción de uso de MAC y se analizó la relación con variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, grado de instrucción, estado civil, ocupación e ingreso económico). 179 encuestados (19,5%) mencionaron que utilizaron MAC en los últimos doce meses. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de terapias de MAC y el grado de instrucción (p < 0,001), la ocupación de la persona encuestada (p < 0,001) y su ingreso económico mensual (p < 0,001). Futuras investigaciones definirán las asociaciones encontradas y las variables intervinientes.


ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies and the factors associated with it, in the province of Coronel Portillo (Ucayali) during 2013. A total of 917 surveys were carried out among household heads in three districts of the province (Callería, Manantay and Yarinacocha), in which the proportion of CAM use was calculated and the relationship with sociodemographic variables (age, sex, educational level, marital status, occupation and income) was analyzed. From the total, 179 respondents (19.5%) mentioned that they used CAM in the last 12 months. A statistically significant relationship was found between the use of CAM therapies and educational level (p < 0.001), respondent's occupation (p < 0.001) and monthly income (p < 0.001). Future research will define the found associations and the variables involved.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Complementary Therapies , Epidemiologic Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Plants, Medicinal , Acupuncture Therapy , Logistic Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Acupuncture
18.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 93(1): 24-33, 2020 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31926888

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Extreme prematurity is associated with high mortality rates. The probability of death at different points in time is a priority for professionals and parents, and needs to be established on an individual basis. The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic review of predictive models of mortality in premature infants that have been published recently. METHODS: A double search was performed for article published in PubMed on models predicting mortality in premature neonates. The population studied were premature neonates with a gestational age of ≤30 weeks and / or a weight at birth of ≤1500g. Works published with new models from June 2010 to July 2019 after a systematic review by Medlock (2011) were included. An assessment was made of the population, characteristics of the model, variables used, measurements of functioning, and validation. RESULTS: Of the 7744 references (1st search) and 1435 (2nd search) found, 31 works were selected, with 8 new models finally being included. Five models (62.5%) were developed in North America and 2 (25%) in Europe. A sequential model (Ambalavanan) enables predictions of mortality to be made at birth, 7, 28 days of life, and 36 weeks post-menstrual. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on 87.5% of the models. The population discrimination was measured using Odds Ratio (75%) and the area under the curve (50%). "Internal Validation" had been carried out on 5 models. Three models can be accessed on-line. There are no predictive models validated in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: The making of decisions based on predictive models can lead to the care given to the premature infant being more individualised and with a better use of resources. Predictive models of mortality in premature neonates in Spain need to be developed.


Subject(s)
Clinical Decision Rules , Infant Mortality , Infant, Premature , Clinical Decision-Making/methods , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Reproducibility of Results , Spain/epidemiology
19.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 12: 551-558, jan.-dez. 2020. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1096964

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre características sociodemográficas e de saúde e o grau de dificuldade de locomoção dos idosos, no Brasil. Método: Foi utilizado o modelo de chances proporcionais parciais e os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013. Resultados: Na análise ajustada, observou-se maior grau de dificuldade de locomoção entre idosos mais velhos, não casados (OR=1/0,759=1,318;p-valor<0,001), sem instrução (OR=1,433;p-valor=0,026), residentes na região Sul (OR=1,448;p-valor=0,019) e que reportaram piores níveis de saúde geral. Além disso, idosos com diagnóstico de doença crônica, física ou mental apresentaram maior chance de reportar dificuldade de locomoção (OR=1,645;p-valor<0,001). Conclusão: Devido à natureza dos fatores associados, destaca-se a necessidade de ações de promoção e educação em saúde a fim de reduzir as complicações e danos à saúde dos idosos que comprometam a sua capacidade funcional, especialmente na região Sul do Brasil


Objective: this article aims to analyze the association between sociodemographic and health characteristics and the degree of locomotion difficulty of the elderly in Brazil. Methods: the partial proportional odds model and data from the National Health Survey 2013 were used. Results: in the adjusted analysis, a greater degree of locomotion difficulty was observed among older, unmarried elderly (OR=1/0.759=1.318; p-valor<0,001), without education level (OR=1.433, p-value=0.026), who were in the southern region (OR=1.448, p-value=0.019) and reported worse overall health. In addition, the elderly with a diagnosis of chronic, physical or mental illness had a greater odds of reporting difficulty in locomotion (OR=1.645; p-value<0.001). Conclusion: due to the types of factors associated, health promotion and education actions are necessary to reduce the complications and damages to the health of the elderly that compromise their functional capacity, especially in the Southern region of Brazil


Objetivo: el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la asociación entre características sociodemográficas y de salud y el grado de dificultad de locomoción de los ancianos en Brasil. Métodos: se utilizó el modelo de odds proporcionales parciales y los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2013. Resultados: en el análisis ajustado, se observó mayor grado de dificultad de locomoción entre ancianos mayores, no casados (OR =1/0,759=1,318; p-valor r<0,001). sin instrucción (OR=1,433; p-valor=0,026), residentes en la región Sur (OR=1,448; p-valor=0,019) y que reportaron peor salud general. Además, ancianos con diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica, física o mental presentaron mayor odds de reportar dificultad de locomoción (OR =1,645;p-valor<0,001). Conclusión: debido a la naturaleza de los factores asociados, se destaca la necesidad de acciones de promoción y educación en salud para reducir las complicaciones y daños a la salud de los ancianos que comprometen su capacidad funcional, especialmente en la región Sur de Brasil


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health of the Elderly , Mobility Limitation , Health Promotion
20.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO5476, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133720

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To propose a predictive model for the length of stay risk among children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit based on demographic and clinical characteristics upon admission. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a private and general hospital located in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We used internal validation procedures and obtained an area under ROC curve for the to build of the predictive model. Results The mean hospital stay was 2 days. Predictive model resulted in a score that enabled the segmentation of hospital stay from 1 to 2 days, 3 to 4 days, and more than 4 days. The accuracy model from 3 to 4 days was 0.71 and model greater than 4 days was 0.69. The accuracy found for 3 to 4 days (65%) and greater than 4 days (66%) of hospital stay showed a chance of correctness, which was considering modest. Conclusion: Our results showed that low accuracy found in the predictive model did not enable the model to be exclusively adopted for decision-making or discharge planning. Predictive models of length of stay risk that consider variables of patients obtained only upon admission are limit, because they do not consider other characteristics present during hospitalization such as possible complications and adverse events, features that could impact negatively the accuracy of the proposed model.


RESUMO Objetivo Propor um modelo de predição de risco de permanência das crianças na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, considerando-se as características demográficas e clínicas na admissão. Métodos Coorte retrospectiva realizada a partir da análise de 1.815 admissões na terapia intensiva pediátrica, em um hospital privado e geral, do município de São Paulo (SP). Foram utilizados procedimentos de validação interna e obtenção da área sob a curva ROC na construção do modelo preditor. Resultados A mediana do tempo de permanência foi de 2 dias. O modelo preditor produziu um escore que permitiu a segmentação do tempo de permanência de 1 a 2 dias, de 3 a 4 dias e maior que 4 dias. A acurácia do modelo de 3 a 4 dias foi de 0,71 e do modelo maior que 4 dias de 0,69. As acurácias encontradas para 3 a 4 dias e maior que 4 dias de permanência mostraram possibilidade de acerto, considerada modesta, de 65% e 66%, respectivamente. Conclusão A partir dos resultados encontrados, é possível verificar que a baixa acurácia encontrada no modelo preditor não permite que ele seja exclusivamente adotado para a tomada de decisão ou planejamento para a alta. Modelos de predição de risco do tempo de permanência que consideram variáveis do paciente obtidas somente durante a admissão têm limitações intrínsecas, já que não consideram outras características presentes durante a internação, como possíveis complicações e eventos adversos, e podem impactar negativamente na acurácia do modelo proposto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Hospitalization
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