Osteoporotic vertebral fractures: Natural history and impact. / Fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas: historia natural e impacto.

Osteoporosis, and the consequences derived from it, such as fragility fractures, constitute a growing public health problem. Suffering from a fracture of this nature is the main risk factor for suffering a new fracture. It is documented that vertebral compression fractures lead to significant morbidity and mortality, in the short and long term, as well as other complications, such as sagittal imbalance and hyperkyphosis of the segment. However, we have not found documentation that analyzes the medium and long-term consequences of these injuries, assessing the type of treatment used, and the economic impact they represent. The purpose of this review is to analyze the main recent literature on the subject and make a breakdown of the consequences of these fractures in various spheres, such as economic, quality of life, sagittal balance and radiographic parameters, pain or mortality; as well as a brief analysis of epidemiology and natural history. CONCLUSION: Osteoporotic fractures constitute an emerging problem, both in the medical and economic fields. The consequences and sequelae on the patient are multiple and although surgical options offer good long-term results, it is necessary to properly select the patient, through multidisciplinary teams, to try to minimize potential complications.

Cardio-ankle vascular index for predicting cardiovascular morbimortality and determinants for its progression in the prospective advanced approach to arterial stiffness (TRIPLE-A-Stiffness) study.

BACKGROUND: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measure of arterial stiffness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, while its predictive value for cardiovascular events remains to be established. The aim was to determine associations of CAVI with cardiovascular morbimortality (primary outcome) and all-cause mortality (secondary outcome), and to establish the determinants of CAVI progression. METHODS: TRIPLE-A-Stiffness, an international multicentre prospective longitudinal study, enrolled >2000 subjects ≥40 years old at 32 centres from 18 European countries. Of these, 1250 subjects (55% women) were followed for a median of 3.82 (2.81-4.69) years. FINDINGS: Unadjusted cumulative incidence rates of outcomes according to CAVI stratification were higher in highest stratum (CAVI > 9). Cox regression with adjustment for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors revealed that CAVI was associated with increased cardiovascular morbimortality (HR 1.25 per 1 increase; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.37 per 1 increase; 95% CI: 1.10-1.70) risk in subjects ≥60 years. In ROC analyses, CAVI optimal threshold was 9.25 (c-index 0.598; 0.542-0.654) and 8.30 (c-index 0.565; 0.512-0.618) in subjects ≥ or <60 years, respectively, to predict increased CV morbimortality. Finally, age, mean arterial blood pressure, anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering treatment were independent predictors of yearly CAVI progression adjusted for baseline CAVI. INTERPRETATION: The present study identified additional value for CAVI to predict outcomes after adjustment for CV risk factors, in particular for subjects ≥60 years. CAVI progression may represent a modifiable risk factor by treatments. FUNDING: International Society of Vascular Health (ISVH) and Fukuda Denshi, Japan.

Morbimortalidad no cardiovascular en función de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo tras una hospitalización por insuficiencia cardiaca / Noncardiovascular morbidity and mortality across left ventricular ejection fraction categories following hospitalization for heart failure

Introducción y objetivos Los eventos no cardiovasculares son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), pero parece que su riesgo difiere en función de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI). Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el riesgo de mortalidad y hospitalizaciones no cardiovasculares totales en función de la FEVI tras una hospitalización por IC. Métodos Se evaluó en retrospectiva a una cohorte multicéntrica de 4.595 pacientes tras una hospitalización por IC. Se evaluó la FEVI como variable continua y estratificada en 4 categorías (FEVI ≤ 40%, 41%-49%, 50-59% y ≥ 60%). Los objetivos fueron los riesgos de muerte no cardiovascular y de hospitalizaciones recurrentes por causas no cardiovasculares según la FEVI. Resultados Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 2,2 [intervalo intercuartílico, 0,76-4,8] años, se registraron 646 muertes y 4.014 episodios de rehospitalización por causas no cardiovasculares. En el análisis multivariante, que incluía el riesgo de evento cardiovascular como evento adverso competitivo, se halló relación directa entre la FEVI y el riesgo de muerte o rehospitalización no cardiovascular (p<0,001). En comparación con la FEVI ≤ 40%, la FEVI del 51-59% y especialmente la ≥ 60% se asociaron de manera significativa con un mayor riesgo de muerte no cardiovascular (respectivamente, HR=1,31; IC95%, 1,02-1,68; p=0,032; y HR=1,47; IC95%, 1,15-1,86; p=0,002) y de rehospitalizaciones no cardiovasculares (IRR=1,17; IC95%, 1,02-1,35; p=0,024; IRR=1,26; IC95%, 1,11-1,45; p=0,001). Conclusiones Tras una hospitalización por IC, la FEVI tiene relación directa con el riesgo de morbimortalidad no cardiovascular. Los pacientes con FEVI conservada tienen un riesgo significativamente mayor de muerte y hospitalizaciones por causas no cardiovasculares, fundamentalmente si la FEVI es ≥ 60%. (AU)

Introduction and objectives Noncardiovascular events represent a significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality burden in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the risk of these events appears to differ by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) status. In this study, we sought to evaluate the risk of noncardiovascular death and recurrent noncardiovascular readmission by LVEF status following an admission for acute HF. Methods We retrospectively assessed a cohort of 4595 patients discharged after acute HF in a multicenter registry. We evaluated LVEF as a continuum, stratified in 4 categories (LVEF ≤ 40%, 41%-49%, 50%-59%, and ≥ 60%). Study endpoints were the risks of noncardiovascular mortality and recurrent noncardiovascular admissions during follow-up. Results At a median follow-up of 2.2 [interquartile range, 0.76-4.8] years, we registered 646 noncardiovascular deaths and 4014 noncardiovascular readmissions. After multivariable adjustment including cardiovascular events as a competing event, LVEF status was associated with the risk of noncardiovascular mortality and recurrent noncardiovascular admissions. When compared with patients with LVEF ≤ 40%, those with LVEF 51%-59%, and especially those with LVEF ≥ 60%, were at higher risk of noncardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.02-1,68; P=.032; and HR, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.15-1.86; P=.002; respectively), and at higher risk of recurrent noncardiovascular admissions (IRR, 1.17; 95%CI, 1.02-1.35; P=.024; and IRR, 1.26; 95%CI, 1.11-1.45; P=.001; respectively). Conclusions Following an admission for HF, LVEF status was directly associated with the risk of noncardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with HFpEF were at higher risk of noncardiovascular death and total noncardiovascular readmissions, especially those with LVEF ≥ 60%. (AU)

Noncardiovascular morbidity and mortality across left ventricular ejection fraction categories following hospitalization for heart failure.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Noncardiovascular events represent a significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality burden in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the risk of these events appears to differ by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) status. In this study, we sought to evaluate the risk of noncardiovascular death and recurrent noncardiovascular readmission by LVEF status following an admission for acute HF. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed a cohort of 4595 patients discharged after acute HF in a multicenter registry. We evaluated LVEF as a continuum, stratified in 4 categories (LVEF ≤ 40%, 41%-49%, 50%-59%, and ≥ 60%). Study endpoints were the risks of noncardiovascular mortality and recurrent noncardiovascular admissions during follow-up. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 2.2 [interquartile range, 0.76-4.8] years, we registered 646 noncardiovascular deaths and 4014 noncardiovascular readmissions. After multivariable adjustment including cardiovascular events as a competing event, LVEF status was associated with the risk of noncardiovascular mortality and recurrent noncardiovascular admissions. When compared with patients with LVEF ≤ 40%, those with LVEF 51%-59%, and especially those with LVEF ≥ 60%, were at higher risk of noncardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.02-1,68; P=.032; and HR, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.15-1.86; P=.002; respectively), and at higher risk of recurrent noncardiovascular admissions (IRR, 1.17; 95%CI, 1.02-1.35; P=.024; and IRR, 1.26; 95%CI, 1.11-1.45; P=.001; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Following an admission for HF, LVEF status was directly associated with the risk of noncardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with HFpEF were at higher risk of noncardiovascular death and total noncardiovascular readmissions, especially those with LVEF ≥ 60%.

Análisis evolutivo de morbimortalidad en cirugía de urgencias durante la pandemia: comparación retrospectiva entre primera y segunda ola de COVID-19 / Evolutionary analysis of patient's morbidity and mortality in emergency surgical care during the pandemic: Retrospective comparison between first and second wave of COVID-19

Introducción: Desde el comienzo de la pandemia, la morbimortalidad en la atención urgente al paciente quirúrgico ha sido objeto de estudio. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios compararon dicha variable con la propia de la época pre-COVID, obviando la evolución de la misma durante la propia pandemia. Con el objetivo de analizar este posible cambio, realizamos un estudio comparativo de morbimortalidad en cirugía de urgencias entre la primera y segunda ola de la pandemia en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo longitudinal que incluyó a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años ingresados y/o intervenidos quirúrgicamente de forma urgente en los dos periodos de máxima incidencia (PMI) de infección por COVID-19 (1.er: 22/03/2020-31/05/2020; 2.° PMI: 26/08/2020-30/11/2020). Se analizó la incidencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2, el tratamiento recibido, la morbimortalidad precoz y los posibles factores de riesgo de complicaciones. Resultados: Se analizaron 173 pacientes (1.er: 66; 2.° PMI: 107). La incidencia de COVID-19 fue mayor en el segundo periodo (14,95% vs. 4,54%). La infección por SARS-CoV-2 se asoció a una mayor tasa de complicaciones, sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la morbimortalidad general (p = 0,746) ni en la de los pacientes COVID positivos (p = 0,582) entre ambos periodos. El tratamiento quirúrgico se asoció con una menor tasa de complicaciones tanto en la primera (p = 0,006) como en la segunda ola (p = 0,014). Dicho tratamiento quirúrgico fue más frecuente en el segundo PMI (70,1 vs. 57,6%) aunque no se alcanzó la significación estadística al respecto de esta afirmación (p = 0,065).(AU)

Introduction: Since the beginning of the pandemic, morbidity and mortality in emergency care of surgical patients have been the subject of several studies. However, most of these have compared this variable with that of the pre-COVID period, ignoring its evolution during the pandemic itself. In order to analyze this possible change, we performed a comparative study of morbidity and mortality in emergency surgery between the first and second waves of the pandemic in our center. Material and methods: Retrospective longitudinal study including all patients over the age of 18 admitted and/or operated in the emergency setting in the two maximum incidence periods (MIP) of COVID-19 infection (1st MIP: 22/03/2020–31/05/2020; 2nd MIP: 26/08/2020–30/11/2020). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, treatment received, early morbidity and mortality and possible risk factors for complications were analyzed. Results: A total of 173 patients were analyzed (1st MIP: 66; 2nd MIP: 107). The incidence of COVID-19 was higher in the second period (14.95% vs. 4.54%). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher rate of complications, however, no statistically significant differences were observed in morbimortality rate, either in the total sample (p = 0.746) or in patients with a positive COVID-19 test (p = 0.582) between both periods. Surgical treatment was found to be associated with a lower complication rate in both the first (p = 0.006) and second wave (p = 0.014), and it was more frequent in the second PMI (70.1 vs. 57.6%) although statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.065). (AU)

Indicadores de morbimortalidade da covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes no estado do Ceará / Covid-19 morbidity and mortality indicators in children and adolescents in the state of Ceará

Objetivo: descrever os indicadores de morbimortalidade da covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes no estado do Ceará. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico, do tipo transversal que avaliou dados secundários referente às notificações de covid-19, em crianças e adolescentes, no estado do Ceará, dos anos de 2020 a 2022. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da base de dados da Integração das Informações da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará. Para o processamento dos dados, utilizou-se o Microsoft Excel, o qual foi organizado em tabelas e analisado por meio de estatística descritiva. A pesquisa não necessitou de aprovação em Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: observou-se, tanto para o sexo feminino quanto para o masculino, que o ano de 2021 obteve o maior número de casos notificados, confirmados e óbitos, e as faixas etárias mais acometidas foram as de zero a quatro anos e adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos. Para os indicadores de incidência, o sexo feminino teve maior incidência de casos confirmados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos. Os indicadores de mortalidade estiveram maiores entre as crianças de zero a quatro anos do sexo masculino, nos anos 2021 e 2022. Conclusões: os achados deste estudo reforçam que alguns grupos podem ter maior risco de desfechos ruins. O que torna necessário identificar fatores associados a resultados insatisfatórios em crianças e adolescentes com covid-19.

Objective: to describe the morbidity and mortality indicators of covid-19 in children and adolescents in the State of Ceará. Methods this is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study that evaluated secondary data regarding notifications of covid-19 in children and adolescents in the state of Ceará from 2020 to 2022. Data collection took place through the database of the Integration of Information of the Secretariat of Health of the State of Ceará. Microsoft Excel was used for data processing, they were organized in tables and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research did not require approval from the Research Ethics Committee. Results: it was observed, for both females and males, that the year 2021 had the highest number of reported, confirmed cases and deaths, and the most affected age groups were those from zero to four years and adolescents from 15 to 19 years old. For the incidence indicators, females had a higher incidence of confirmed cases in the age group of 15 to 19 years. Mortality indicators were higher among male children aged zero to four years in the years 2021 and 2022. Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce that some groups may be at greater risk of poor outcomes. This makes it necessary to identify factors associated with unsatisfactory outcomes in children and adolescents with covid-19.

[Review of the literature on intrauterine and birthweight charts]. / Revue de la littérature des courbes intra-utérines et de poids de naissance.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the main intrauterine and birthweight charts and review the studies comparing their performance for the identification of infants at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS: We carried out a literature search using Medline and selected the charts most frequently cited in the literature, French charts and those recently published. RESULTS: Current knowledge on the association between mortality and morbidity and growth anomalies (small and large for gestational age) mostly relies on the use of descriptive charts which describe the weight distribution in unselected populations. Prescriptive charts, which describe ideal growth in low risk populations, have been constructed more recently. Few studies have evaluated whether the thresholds used to identify infants at risk with descriptive charts (such as the 3rd or the 10th percentile) are applicable to prescriptive charts. There is a large variability in the percentage of fetuses or newborns identified as being at risk by each chart, with from 3 to 25% having with a weight under the 10th percentile, regardless of whether descriptive or prescriptive charts are used. The sensitivity and specificity of antenatal screening for small or large for gestational age newborns depends on the chart used to derive estimated fetal weight percentiles. CONCLUSION: There is marked variability between intrauterine growth charts that can influence the percentage of infants identified as having abnormal growth. These results show that before the adoption of a growth chart, it is essential to evaluate whether it adequately describes the population and its performance for identifying of infants at risk because of growth anomalies.

Evolutionary analysis of patient's morbidity and mortality in emergency surgical care during the pandemic: Retrospective comparison between first and second waves of COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Since the beginning of the pandemic, morbidity and mortality in emergency care of surgical patients have been the subject of several studies. However, most of these have compared this variable with that of the pre-COVID period, ignoring its evolution during the pandemic itself. In order to analyze this possible change, we performed a comparative study of morbidity and mortality in emergency surgery between the first and second waves of the pandemic in our center. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study including all patients over the age of 18 admitted and/or operated in the emergency setting in the two maximum incidence periods (MIP) of COVID-19 infection (1st MIP: 22/03/2020-31/05/2020; 2nd MIP: 26/08/2020-30/11/2020). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, treatment received, early morbidity and mortality and possible risk factors for complications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 173 patients were analyzed (1st MIP: 66; 2nd MIP: 107). The incidence of COVID-19 was higher in the second period (14.95% vs. 4.54%). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher rate of complications; however, no statistically significant differences were observed in morbimortality rate, either in the total sample (P = .746) or in patients with a positive COVID-19 test (P = .582) between both periods. Surgical treatment was found to be associated with a lower complication rate in both the first (P = .006) and second waves (P = .014), and it was more frequent in the second MIP (70.1% vs 57.6%), although statistical significance was not reached (P = .065). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in morbidity and mortality of patients admitted and/or operated in the emergency setting in the two periods of maximum incidence of SARS-CoV-2 at our center. Surgical treatment was associated with lower morbidity and mortality rates, and it was more frequent in the second MIP.

[Medical termination of pregnancy for isolated intrauterine growth retardation beyond 24 weeks and more than 450g]. / Interruption médicale de grossesse pour retard de croissance intra-utérin isolé au-delà de 24 SA et de 450g.

INTRODUCTION: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an obstetric complication responsible for increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. In some severe and early FGR situations, termination of pregnancy (TOP) may be considered. The main objective of our study was to describe the population of fetuses for whom a TOP was performed for isolated FGR beyond 24 days' gestation and for a birth weight>450g and to analyze the immediate outcome, at 2 and 5 years, of term- and weight-matched neonates born in a context of severe FGR after 24 weeks' gestation and over 450g. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, descriptive, retrospective, uni-centric study between 2008 and 2018. The primary endpoint was survival at maternity discharge, 2 years and 5 years in these children. Secondary endpoints were assessment of immediate and longer-term postnatal morbidity. Twenty-five patients (36%) were selected for the study with a fetus weight>450g and term>24 weeks. Each fetus with an TOP was matched (on gestational age and weight) with two live-born children from the perinatal network cohort to assess immediate discharge outcome, and then at 2 and 5 years. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 24%. In neonatal management, for 67% (n=17) of the newborns the evolution was complicated by death or at least two sequelae (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hyaline membrane disease stage≥2, intraventricular of grade 3 and 4, ulcerative colitis requiring surgery, retinopathy of prematurity stage 2 and more) at discharge. In 32% (n=8) of cases, there was at least one sequela at discharge. Regardless of gestational age at birth, development at 2 years was normal for 48% (n=11/23) of them and abnormal for 22% (n=5) and development at 5 years was normal for 56% (n=9/16) of them and abnormal for 19% (n=5). CONCLUSION: An ultrasound evaluation in a reference center as well as additional information by the obstetrician and neonatologist ensures the most appropriate informed involvement of the couple in the medical decisions before and after birth.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mother owl program of the VII health region of Pernambuco / Impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 no programa mãe coruja da VII região de saúde de Pernambuco

Resumo Objectives: to analyze the impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the Mother Owl Program of the VII Health Region of Pernambuco. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out at the VII Regional Health Management, in Salgueiro-PE. Data were collected from the Mother Owl Information System, from August to November 2021, being related to women and children registered from 2019 to March 2021. Adopting a time frame for before and during the pandemic, the Student's t and chi-square tests in the analysis of continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results: data from 581 women and 412 children were analyzed. Before the pandemic, there was a higher average number of prenatal consultations (p<0.001) and greater completeness in the children's race data (p<0.001). During the pandemic, there was a lower frequency of breastfeeding in the first hour of life (p<0.001) and of filling in the data regarding maternal education (p<0.001). In addition, no more than 7 childcare consultations were performed (p<0.001). Conclusions: the assistance of women and children was impacted, mainly with the drop in prenatal and childcare consultations, showing that COVID-19 had a negative impact on the health of people monitored by the Program and on the quality of information inserted in the system.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os impactos causados pela pandemia da COVID-19 no Programa Mãe Coruja da VII Região de Saúde de Pernambuco. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado na VII Gerência Regional de Saúde, em Salgueiro-PE. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informação Mãe Coruja, no período de agosto a novembro de 2021, sendo relacionados às mulheres e crianças cadastradas de 2019 a março de 2021. Adotando-se um marco temporal para antes e durante a pandemia, foram utilizados os testes t de Student e qui-quadrado nas análises das variáveis contínuas e categóricas, respectivamente. Resultados: foram analisados os dados de 581 mulheres e 412 crianças. Antes da pandemia constatou-se maior média de consultas de pré-natal (p<0,001) e maior completude nos dados de raça das crianças (p<0,001). Durante a pandemia ocorreu menor frequência da amamentação na primeira hora de vida (p<0,001) e do preenchimento dos dados referentes à escolaridade materna (p<0,001). Assim como, não foram realizadas mais que sete consultas de puericultura (p<0,001). Conclusões: a assistência das mulheres e crianças foi impactada, principalmente com a queda de consultas do pré-natal e da puericultura, evidenciando que a COVID-19 repercutiu negativamente na saúde das pessoas acompanhadas pelo Programa e na qualidade das informações inseridas no sistema.

Is Frailty Syndrome a Predictor of Morbimortality in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery? - A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Frailty is a biological syndrome suggested as a better predictor of morbimortality than chronological age. Objective To assess associations between frailty and morbimortality outcomes in postoperative cardiac surgery. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with cardiac surgery patients. Frailty and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were assessed before surgery. Postoperative outcomes were: extracorporeal circulation time; use of vasopressor; mean arterial pressure (MAP); red blood cell (RBC) transfusion; cardiac arrhythmia and/or heart arrest; presence of intra-aortic balloon pump; antibiotic use; extubation time; length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU); length of postoperative stay; mortality. One-way ANOVA was used to compare postoperative variables between frailty categories; Spearman was used to evaluate the correlations between frailty and postoperative variables. Age, sex, and MIP were introduced into multiple regression models to find the independent association between postoperative variables and frailty. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results The medical records of 200 patients were analyzed (65.7±7.2 years; 68.5% men; 63.5% non-frail, 22.5% pre-frail, 14% frail). Frailty was not a predictor of postoperative outcomes. Age was an independent predictor for alterations in MAP (PR: 1.028, 95% CI: 1.003-1.053, p=0.025), need for RBC transfusion (PR: 1.034, 95% CI: 1.007-1.062, p=0.014), longer extubation time (PR: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.023-1.083, p<0.001), length of stay in the ICU (ß: 0.031, 95% CI: 0.010-0.053, p=0.005), length of postoperative stay (ß: 0.017, 95% CI: 0.003-0.031, p=0.015). Conclusions Frailty was not a predictor of morbimortality following cardiac surgery in middle-aged and older adults; however, age did predict morbidities in this setting.

Evolução da estrutura e resultados da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil entre 2008 e 2019 / Evolution of the structure and results of Primary Health Care in Brazil between 2008 and 2019

Resumo Descreve a evolução da estrutura e resultados da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, entre 2008 e 2019. Foram calculadas a mediana de variáveis como: despesa per capita em APS por habitante coberto, cobertura da APS e as taxas de mortalidade e internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (CSAP) de 5.565 municípios brasileiros estratificados segundo porte populacional e quintil do Índice Brasileiro de Privação (IBP) e analisada a tendência mediana no período. Houve aumento de 12% na mediana da despesa em APS. A cobertura da APS expandiu, sendo que 3.168 municípios apresentaram 100% de cobertura em 2019, contra 2.632 em 2008. A mediana das taxas de mortalidade e internações por CSAP aumentou 0,2% e diminuiu 44,9% respectivamente. A despesa em APS foi menor nos municípios com maior privação socioeconômica. Quanto maior o porte populacional e melhores as condições socioeconômicas dos municípios, menor a cobertura da APS. Quanto maior a privação socioeconômica dos municípios, maiores foram as medianas das taxas de mortalidade por CSAP. Este estudo demonstrou que a evolução da APS foi heterogênea e está associada tanto ao porte populacional como às condições socioeconômicas dos municípios.

Abstract This paper describes the structure and results of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil between 2008 and 2019. The medians of the following variables were calculated: PHC spending per inhabitant covered, PHC coverage, and rates of mortality and hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions (PCSC), in 5,565 Brazilian municipalities stratified according to population size and quintile of the Brazilian Deprivation Index (IBP), and the median trend in the period was analyzed. There was a 12% increase in median PHC spending. PHC coverage expanded, with 3,168 municipalities presenting 100% coverage in 2019, compared to 2,632 in 2008. The median rates of PCSC mortality and hospitalizations increased 0.2% and decreased 44.9%, respectively. PHC spending was lower in municipalities with greater socioeconomic deprivation. The bigger the population and the better the socioeconomic conditions were in the municipalities, the lower the PHC coverage. The greater the socioeconomic deprivation was in the municipalities, the higher the median PCSC mortality rates. This study showed that the evolution of PHC was heterogeneous and is associated both with the population size and with the socioeconomic conditions of the municipalities.

[Evolutionary analysis of patient´s morbidity and mortality in emergency surgical care during the pandemic: retrospective comparison between the first and second waves of COVID-19.] / Análisis evolutivo de morbimortalidad en cirugía de urgencias durante la pandemia: comparación retrospectiva entre primera y segunda ola de COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Since the beginning of the pandemic, morbidity and mortality in emergency care of surgical patients have been the subject of several studies. However, most of these have compared this variable with that of the pre-COVID period, ignoring its evolution during the pandemic itself. In order to analyze this possible change, we performed a comparative study of morbidity and mortality in emergency surgery between the first and second waves of the pandemic in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study including all patients over the age of 18 admitted and/or operated in the emergency setting in the two maximum incidence periods (MIP) of COVID-19 infection (1st MIP: 22/03/2020-31/05/2020; 2nd MIP: 26/08/2020-30/11/2020). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, treatment received, early morbidity and mortality and possible risk factors for complications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 173 patients were analyzed (1st MIP: 66; 2nd MIP: 107). The incidence of COVID-19 was higher in the second period (14.95% vs. 4.54%). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher rate of complications, however, no statistically significant differences were observed in morbimortality rate, either in the total sample (p=0.746) or in patients with a positive COVID-19 test (p=0.582) between both periods. Surgical treatment was found to be associated with a lower complication rate in both the first (p=0.006) and second wave (p=0.014), and it was more frequent in the second PMI (70.1 vs. 57.6%) although statistical significance was not reached (p= 0.065). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in morbimortality of patients admitted and/or operated in the emergency setting in the two periods of maximum incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in our center. Surgical treatment was associated with a lower morbimortality rate, and it was more frequent in the second MIP.

Depression and Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Abstract The prevalence of depression varies from 1 to 17% in different geographic regions, and its incidence is 70% higher in women than men. Today, depression affects more than 300 million people worldwide, affecting twice as many women from adolescence to adulthood. In addition to this earlier onset, depression in women tends to be more severe. Cardiovascular disease and depression are chronic diseases that have a major impact on cardiovascular and all-cause morbidity and mortality, with evidence of a two-way relationship between them, in which depression is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and vice versa. In females, the degree of illness and prognosis are more severe when both diseases are present, than when diagnosed alone. In patients with acute or chronic cardiovascular disease, especially women, a systematic screening for depression should be considered as a preventive strategy of cardiovascular events, aiming to reduce the risk of future events. There are still no clinical studies designed to assess the impact of antidepressant treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in women.

Observational Study in a Real-World Setting of Targeted Therapy in the Systemic Treatment of Progressive Unresectable or Metastatic Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (pNETs) in France: OPALINE Study.

INTRODUCTION: Approval of sunitinib and everolimus for the treatment of progressive, unresectable or metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) was obtained in France in 2011 and 2012, respectively. OPALINE was set up as an observational study to evaluate the efficacy of sunitinib and everolimus compared to usual pNET treatments of chemotherapies and somatostatin analogues that had been previously recommended by the health authorities. METHODS: The OPALINE study assessed the efficacy of everolimus and sunitinib in terms of survival, disease progression and tolerance. Patients (N = 144) were enrolled from May 2015 to September 2017, and their disease characteristics were analyzed from diagnosis to 2 years post-enrollment. RESULTS: At inclusion most patients had comorbidities, and about 95% presented metastases. Patients received on average 3.2 lines of treatment from diagnosis to inclusion and two lines throughout the 2-year follow-up. Seventy-nine patients (59.0%) received at least one targeted therapy (TT) during their care path. For these patients, the overall survival (OS) was approximatively 176.5 months (95% CI: 97.2-not evaluable), with a 2-year survival rate estimated at 93.6% (SD 2.6%). Similar survival rates were observed whether the TTs were prescribed sooner or later in the treatment path. The main reasons for discontinuation of TTs were disease progression (54 patients) and adverse events (26 patients). Most patients receiving TTs did not change their dose during the follow-up reflecting the good treatment tolerability over time. No new safety alert was reported for everolimus and sunitinib during this study. CONCLUSION: Given their good tolerance and positive impact on estimated OS, the two TTs have an important role to play in the care path of patients with pNETs. GOV NATIONAL CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT02264665.

Urgent call to action: Child rights and the state of child morbidity and mortality in Yemen.

More than 2.3 million children under the age of five in Yemen suffer from acute malnutrition. Approximately 450,000 are expected to suffer from severe acute malnutrition and may die if they do not receive urgent treatment. In this context, without security, stability, and better access for farmers to have the means to resume growing food, children and their families continue to sink deeper and deeper into hunger and malnutrition.

The silence of the lambs: Child morbidity and mortality from malnutrition in Yemen.

More than 2.3 million children under the age of five in Yemen suffer from acute malnutrition. Approximately 450,000 are expected to suffer from severe acute malnutrition and may die if they do not receive urgent treatment. In this context, without security, stability, and better access for farmers to have the means to resume growing food, children and their families continue to sink deeper and deeper into hunger and malnutrition. As a result, malnourished children are more vulnerable to illnesses, including diarrhea, respiratory infections, and malaria, which are a major concern in Yemen. This situation is a vicious and often deadly cycle.

Morbidade neonatal near miss em um serviço de perinatologia / Morbilidad de near miss neonatal en un servicio de perinatología / Near miss neonatal morbidity in a perinatology service

OBJETIVO: identificar os casos de morbidade neonatal near miss em um serviço de Perinatologia do estado do Maranhão. MÉTODO: pesquisa descritiva e transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizada a partir da análise dos dados de recém-nascidos internados na Unidade Neonatal de um Serviço de Perinatologia no período de 2017 a 2018. As análises estatísticas foram processadas no programa estatístico STATA versão 14.0. RESULTADOS: o peso ao nascer <1500g foi a variável que mais classificou casos de near miss neonatal, seguido pela variável de idade gestacional <34 semanas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram associação entre hipertensão gestacional e peso ao nascer; hipertensão gestacional e idade gestacional ao nascer; parto cesáreo e Apgar no 5o minuto ≥ 7; parto cesáreo e sexo masculino. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se a importância da abordagem near miss neonatal para a compreensão ampliada da morbimortalidade neonatal e fatores associados.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: to identify cases of neonatal near miss morbidity in a Perinatology service in the state of Maranhão. METHOD: descriptive and cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of data from newborns admitted to the Neonatal Unit of a Perinatology Service from 2017 to 2018. Statistical analyzes were processed in the statistical program STATA version 14.0. RESULTS: birth weight <1500g was the variable that most classified cases of neonatal near miss, followed by the variable of gestational age <34 weeks. The results obtained demonstrated an association between gestational hypertension and birth weight; gestational hypertension and gestational age at birth; cesarean delivery and Apgar at the 5th minute ≥ 7; Cesarean delivery and male. CONCLUSION: the importance of the neonatal near miss approach for a broader understanding of neonatal morbidity and mortality and associated factors was observed.(AU)

OBJETIVO: identificar casos de morbilidad neonatal near miss en un servicio de Perinatología en el estado de Maranhão. MÉTODO: investigación descriptiva y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, basada en el análisis de datos de recién nacidos ingresados en la Unidad Neonatal de un Servicio de Perinatología de 2017 a 2018. La estadística se procesó en el programa estadístico STATA versión 14.0. RESULTADOS: el peso al nacer <1500g fue la variable que más clasificó los casos de cuasi-miss neonatal, seguida de la variable edad gestacional <34 semanas. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron una asociación entre la hipertensión gestacional y el peso al nacer; hipertensión gestacional y actos gestacionales al nacer; parto por cesárea y Apgar al quinto minuto ≥ 7; Parto por cesárea y masculino. CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó la importancia del enfoque de cuasi accidente neonatal para una comprensión más amplia de la morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal y los factores asociados.(AU)

Line of care for the attention to morbimortality from external causes in adolescents and young people / Línea de atención para atención a la morbimortalidad por causas externas en adolescentes y jóvenes / Linha de cuidado para a atenção à morbimortalidade por causas externas em adolescentes e jovens

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the development and modeling of a line of care for the prevention and attention of morbimortality from external causes in adolescents and young people within the scope of the municipal management of the Unified Health System. Methods: methodological study operationalized in three stages: situational analysis; literature review; development, and modeling. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis of the thematic type were used to produce evidence and support the development of the line of care. Results: by upholding the evidence of the study, it was elaborated a line of care, whose theoretical and methodological proposal included: 1) conceptual matrix, 2) educative matrix, 3) assistance matrix, and 4) operative matrix. Final Considerations: the lines of care are strong tools for articulating the levels of health care, being a resolute and feasible proposal given its cost-effectiveness for complex health demands such as the morbimortality of adolescents and young people from external causes.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir el desarrollo y modelado de una línea de cuidado para la prevención y atención a la morbimortalidad por causas externas en adolescentes y jóvenes, en el ámbito de la gestión municipal del Sistema Único de Salud. Métodos: estudio metodológico realizado en tres etapas: análisis situacional; revisión de literatura; desarrollo y modelado. Análisis estadístico descriptivo y de contenido del tipo temático han sido utilizados para producir evidencias y basar la elaboración de la línea de cuidado. Resultados: apoyándose en las evidencias del estudio, elaborado una línea de cuidado, cuya propuesta teórico-metodológica incluyó: 1) matriz conceptual, 2) matriz educativa, 3) matriz asistencial y 4) matriz operativa. Consideraciones Finales: las líneas de cuidado son instrumentos potentes para la articulación de los niveles de atención de salud, siendo una propuesta resolutiva y ejecutable haya vista su costo-efectividad para demandas complejas en salud como la morbimortalidad de adolescentes y jóvenes por causas externas.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o desenvolvimento e modelagem de uma linha de cuidado para a prevenção e atenção à morbimortalidade por causas externas em adolescentes e jovens, no âmbito da gestão municipal do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico operacionalizado em três etapas: análise situacional; revisão de literatura; desenvolvimento e modelagem. Análise estatística descritiva e de conteúdo do tipo temática foram utilizadas para produzir evidências e embasar a elaboração da linha de cuidado. Resultados: apoiando-se nas evidências do estudo, elaborou-se uma linha de cuidado, cuja proposta teórico-metodológica contemplou: 1) matriz conceitual, 2) matriz educativa, 3) matriz assistencial e 4) matriz operativa. Considerações Finais: as linhas de cuidado são instrumentos potentes para a articulação dos níveis de atenção à saúde, sendo uma proposta resolutiva e exequível haja vista seu custo-efetividade para demandas complexas em saúde como a morbimortalidade de adolescentes e jovens por causas externas.