Report on a Case with Moreno-Nishimura-Schmidt Overgrowth Syndrome: A Clinically Delineated Disease Yet of an Unknown Origin!

Introduction: Overgrowth syndromes are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by excessive growth, often accompanied by additional clinical features, such as facial dysmorphism, hormonal imbalances, cognitive impairment, and increased risk for neoplasia. Moreno-Nishimura-Schmidt (M-N-S) overgrowth syndrome is a very rare overgrowth syndrome characterized by severe pre- and postnatal overgrowth, dysmorphic facial features, kyphoscoliosis, large hands and feet, inguinal hernia, and distinctive skeletal features. The clinical and radiological features of the disorder have been well delineated, yet its molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. Case Presentation: We report on a Lebanese boy with M-N-S syndrome, whose clinical manifestations were compared with those of previously reported 5 affected individuals. Whole-exome sequencing combined with comparative genome hybridization analysis failed to delineate the molecular basis of the phenotype. However, epigenetic studies revealed a different methylation status of several CpG sites between him and healthy controls, with methyltransferase activity showing the most significant enrichment. Conclusion: An additional case of M-N-S syndrome recapitulated the clinical and radiological manifestations described in the previous reports. The data in the epigenetic studies implicated that abnormal methylations might play an essential role in development of the disease phenotype. However, additional studies in a clinically homogeneous cohort of patients are crucial to confirm this hypothesis.

Paying attention to each other. An essay on the transnational intersections of industrial economy, subjectivity, and governance in East Germany's social-psychological training.

This article examines a little-known chapter both in the history of socialist labor relations and the history of psychology: Social Psychological Training (SPT) for industrial leaders in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Based on previously untapped archival sources, it uncovers the transnational genesis of SPT and its intricate relationships with Western "therapeutic culture" of the 1970s. Governmental perspectives are addressed, as well as the level of individual appropriation of SPT and possible unintended side effects of techniques that were drawn from the social psychological and therapeutical fields. This case study helps to explore the functions of psychological expertise in authoritarian political contexts, as well as the polyvalence of group methods of change, the effects of which could turn out repressive as well as liberating on both sides of the Iron Curtain. The history of SPT solicits a polycentric view on therapeutic culture, capturing its diverse manifestations and interconnections between different societies and political economies.

Sociatry of moreno: online sociodrama and sociatry for social crises / Sociatria de moreno: sociodrama online e sociatria para crises sociais / Sociatría de moreno: sociodrama online y sociatría para crisis sociales

ABSTRACT In this article, Sociatric and Sociodramatic systems of J.L. Moreno, the founder of the Psychodrama Group Psychotherapy system, are discussed in the context of online applications. With the pandemic, war and other social crises online psychological help has been needed more than ever. There is a need to heal not only the individual, but also large groups and an entire society in such a great social trauma. Moreno is a scientist who wants to achieve this goal with his discipline of sociatry and he is the father of the concept of sociatry. Sociatry is concerned with the healing of societies. In this article, you will find an online intervention that involve a group of professionals with sociatric applications. With the help of online sociodrama studies, we were able to manage crisis intervention work with the affected group. To heal the society is to protect the future of humanity. Moreno, as a great visionary, is a genius who saw this truth a hundred years ago.

RESUMO Neste artigo, os sistemas Sociátricos e Sociodramáticos de J.L. Moreno, fundador do sistema Psicoterapia de Grupo Psicodrama, são discutidos no contexto de aplicativos online. Com a pandemia, a guerra e outras crises sociais, a ajuda psicológica online tornou-se mais necessária do que nunca. Há necessidade de curar não apenas o indivíduo, mas também grandes grupos e toda uma sociedade em um trauma social tão grande. Moreno é um cientista que quer atingir esse objetivo com sua disciplina de sociatria e é o pai do conceito de sociatria. A Sociatria está preocupada com a cura das sociedades. Neste artigo, irá encontrar uma intervenção online que envolve um grupo de profissionais com aplicações sociátricas. Com a ajuda de estudos on-line de sociodrama, conseguimos gerenciar o trabalho de intervenção em crises com o grupo afetado. Curar a sociedade é proteger o futuro da humanidade. Moreno, como grande visionário, é um gênio que viu essa verdade há cem anos.

RESUMEN En este artículo, se discuten los sistemas Sociatric y Sociodramático de J.L. Moreno, el fundador del sistema de Psicoterapia de Grupo Psicodrama, en el contexto de las aplicaciones en línea. Con la pandemia, la guerra y otras crisis sociales se ha necesitado más que nunca ayuda psicológica online. Hay una necesidad de curar no solo al individuo, sino también a grandes grupos y a toda una sociedad en un trauma social tan grande. Moreno es un científico que quiere lograr este objetivo con su disciplina de la sociatría y es el padre del concepto de sociatría. La sociatría se ocupa de la curación de las sociedades. En este artículo, encontrará una intervención en línea que involucra a un grupo de profesionales con aplicaciones sociátricas. Con la ayuda de estudios de sociodrama en línea, pudimos gestionar el trabajo de intervención en crisis con el grupo afectado. Sanar la sociedad es proteger el futuro de la humanidad. Moreno, como gran visionario, es un genio que vio esta verdad hace cien años.

A decolonialidade na pesquisa e prática psicodramáticas: pela superação de epistemicídios históricos / Decoloniality in psychodramatic research and practice: overcoming historical epistemicides / La decolonialidad en la investigación y la práctica psicodramática: superando los epistemicidios históricos

RESUMO O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o ancoramento científico da pesquisa e das práticas psicodramáticas, questionando a perspectiva colonial/moderna predominante no universo da ciência ocidental, e sugerindo uma aproximação com o pensamento decolonial que se desenvolve no século XXI, em que são retomadas epistemologias historicamente desconsideradas, como aquela em que se situam os princípios filosóficos morenianos. As questões discutidas acerca da pesquisa em Psicodrama podem ser transportadas para o campo das práticas, gerando questionamentos quanto ao lugar do psicodramatista na relação com o outro, a forma de elaboração dos problemas/hipóteses terapêuticas e o que se espera das intervenções, situando-as para além dos binarismos tradicionais modernos.

ABSTRACT This article reflects on the scientific anchoring of psychodramatic research and practice, questioning the colonial/modern perspective prevailing in the universe of Western science, and suggesting an approach to the decolonial thinking developed in the 21st century, in which historically disregarded epistemologies are resumed, such as the one in which the philosophical principles of Moreno's work are located. The questions discussed about research in Psychodrama can be transported to the field of practices, generating questions related to the place of the psychodramatist in the relationship with the other, the way of elaborating the therapeutic problems/hypotheses and what is expected of the interventions, placing them beyond traditional modern binarisms.

RESUMEN Este artículo reflexiona sobre el anclaje científico de la investigación y la práctica psicodramática, cuestionando la perspectiva colonial/moderna predominante en el universo de la ciencia occidental, y proponiendo una aproximación al pensamiento decolonial que se desarrolla en el siglo XXI, en el que se retoman epistemologías históricamente desconsideradas, como aquél en el que se ubican los principios filosóficos de la obra Moreniana. Las cuestiones discutidas sobre la investigación en Psicodrama pueden ser transportadas al campo de las prácticas, generando interrogantes sobre el lugar del psicodramatista en la relación con el otro, la forma de elaborar los problemas/hipótesis terapéuticas y lo que se espera de las intervenciones, ubicándolas más allá de los binarismos modernos tradicionales.

Surveying 80 Years of Psychodrama Research: A Scientometric Review.

Almost a century after Jacob Levy Moreno pioneered the group practice of psychodrama, research in this area has flourished to include different sub-fields of study and psychodramatic intervention for various psychological conditions. By making use of scientometric analysis, particularly document citation analysis and keyword analysis, this study maps out dominant research domains in psychodrama since its inception. From these findings, projections of future research trends and an evaluation of psychodrama research are discussed. Generally, there has been an increased adoption of technology to facilitate psychodrama practice, along with an increasing integration of psychodramatic principles with other psychotherapies. To improve research in this area, this paper recommends greater transparency in the reporting of materials, processes and data used in publications. Finally, we encourage embracing new technological methods such as neuroimaging to provide greater insight into mechanisms of change in psychodrama. The field of psychodrama remains full of potential and innovations to be developed.

Hernia inguinal gigante en un adulto / Giant inguinal hernia in an adult

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 58 años de edad con antecedentes personales de insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva mal controlada, quien acudió a emergencias del Hospital Luis Bernaza de Guayaquil, Ecuador, por presentar dolor abdominal difuso, constipación y masa inguinoescrotal gigante. Se realizan los estudios pertinentes y se diagnostica una hernia inguinoescrotal gigante con pérdida de domicilio, sin datos de obstrucción intestinal. Se empleó la técnica de Goñi Moreno durante 12 días para aumentar el diámetro de la cavidad abdominal y regresar el contenido del saco a su lugar. Se efectuó laparotomía exploratoria y hernioplastia con resultado satisfactorio y seguimiento por consulta externa durante 2 meses, sin alteraciones.

The case report of a 58 years patient with personal history of a poor controlled congestive heart failure is described, who went to the emergency service of Luis Bernaza Hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador, due to a diffuse abdominal pain, constipation and giant inguinoescrotal mass. The pertinent studies were carried out and a giant inguinoescrotal hernia is diagnosed with home loss, without data of intestinal obstruction. The Goñi Moreno technique was used during 12 days to increase the diameter of the abdominal cavity and return the content from the sack to its place. An exploratory laparotomy and hernioplastia were carried out with satisfactory result and follow up in the outpatient department during 2 months, without alterations.

Las traducciones argentinas de Galeno: el caso de La Sangría / Translations of Galen in argentina: the case of la sangria

El presente trabajo estudia las primeras traducciones de Galeno al español que se realizaron en Argentina, en el marco de un proyecto editorial dirigido por Aníbal Ruiz Moreno. La investigación pone de manifiesto que la colección en la que aparecen no era en realidad solo de obras de Galeno, sino una colección general con textos relevantes para la historia de la medicina. Se añade el caso concreto de La sangría como estudio de caso para una evaluación preliminar de la naturaleza de las traducciones ofrecidas por Ruiz Moreno y su equipo. El proyecto quedó inconcluso debido a la repentina muerte de su director por lo que quedaron algunos tratados galénicos sin publicar. El artículo aporta una hipótesis plausible sobre el destino de estas traducciones. Aníbal Ruiz Moreno, fue nada menos que el fundador, junto con Pedro Laín Entralgo, de la revista que hoy se llama Asclepio.(AU)

This paper studies the first translations of Galen’s works into Spanish which were made in Argentina, within the framework of an editorial project directed by Aníbal Ruiz Moreno. The study shows that the collection in which they appear did not only publish Galen’s treatises. It was rather a general collection with texts relevant to the history of medicine. The specific case of La sangría is added as a case study for a preliminary evaluation of the nature of the translations offered by Ruiz Moreno and his team. This project was left unfinished due to the sudden death of its director, so some Galenic treatises remained unpublished. The article provides a plausible hypothesis about the fate of these translations. Aníbal Ruiz Moreno, was no less than the founder, together with Pedro Laín Entralgo, of the magazine that today is called Asclepio.(AU)

Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, ejemplo de médico y maestro / Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, example of doctor and teacher

Se bosqueja la trayectoria del Coronel (R) Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, luchador incansable que ha dedicado su vida a la medicina y a la Revolución. Se exploró su labor investigativa a través de una revisión documental, en su expediente, búsqueda de información disponible en internet, sus trabajos y una entrevista efectuada por los autores, con la cual, se logró precisar pasajes importantes de tan extensa vida. Con este trabajo, los autores se proponen divulgar los principales logros de la trayectoria laboral, científica y docente del profesor Castañer como merecido reconocimiento a la obra de toda su vida(AU)

The trajectory of Colonel (R) Juan Benigno Castañer Moreno, a tireless fighter who has dedicated his life to medicine and the Revolution, is outlined. His investigative work was explored through a documentary review, in his employment record, a search for information available on the internet, his works and an interview carried out by the authors, with which it was possible to specify important passages of such long life. With this work, the authors intend to disseminate the main achievements of Professor Castañer's work, scientific and teaching career as well-deserved recognition of his life's work(AU)

Age constraint for the Moreno Hill Formation (Zuni Basin) by CA-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon geochronology.

The "mid-Cretaceous" (~125-80 Ma) was punctuated by major plate-tectonic upheavals resulting in widespread volcanism, mountain-building, eustatic sea-level changes, and climatic shifts that together had a profound impact on terrestrial biotic assemblages. Paleontological evidence suggests terrestrial ecosystems underwent a major restructuring during this interval, yet the pace and pattern are poorly constrained. Current impediments to piecing together the geologic and biological history of the "mid-Cretaceous" include a relative paucity of terrestrial outcrop stemming from this time interval, coupled with a historical understudy of fragmentary strata. In the Western Interior of North America, sedimentary strata of the Turonian-Santonian stages are emerging as key sources of data for refining the timing of ecosystem transformation during the transition from the late-Early to early-Late Cretaceous. In particular, the Moreno Hill Formation (Zuni Basin, New Mexico) is especially important for detailing the timing of the rise of iconic Late Cretaceous vertebrate faunas. This study presents the first systematic geochronological framework for key strata within the Moreno Hill Formation. Based on the double-dating of (U-Pb) detrital zircons, via CA-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS, we interpret two distinct depositional phases of the Moreno Hill Formation (initial deposition after 90.9 Ma (middle Turonian) and subsequent deposition after 88.6 Ma (early Coniacian)), younger than previously postulated based on correlations with marine biostratigraphy. Sediment and the co-occurring youthful subset of zircons are sourced from the southwestern Cordilleran Arc and Mogollon Highlands, which fed into the landward portion of the Gallup Delta (the Moreno Hill Formation) via northeasterly flowing channel complexes. This work greatly strengthens linkages to other early Late Cretaceous strata across the Western Interior.

Goni Moreno progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum for giant hernias: a monocentric retrospective study of 162 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Goni Moreno's procedure was described 60 years ago as a solution for giant hernias repair through the creation of a progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum (PPP). The main objective of the present study is to assess its effectiveness in terms of primary fascial closures. The secondary objectives of this study are to explore the morbidity and mortality associated with Moreno's procedure using 40 years of data from a large cohort of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all patients who underwent PPP procedures between October 1974 and January 2019 at the digestive surgery unit at Grenoble University Hospital, France. Data were reviewed to assess the preoperative demographic characteristics of the patients, procedure, postoperative course, complication following Clavien-Dindo classification and 30-day outcomes. RESULTS: 162 procedures were attempted. The mean age of patients was 57.8 years. 83 patients had a history of chronic respiratory disease (51.2%). The mean BMI was 33.2 kg/m2, and 52 patients were obese (32.1%) Half of the patients were classified as ASA score III. Success rate of fascial closures was 95.7%. The global rate of complication during the insufflation period and after surgical repair of the hernia was 51.8% (n = 84). Among these, only 16.7% (n = 27) were major according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. The global mortality rate was 3.1%. CONCLUSION: Goni Moreno PPP is an effective procedure that allows a high rate of fascial closure. The population of patients requiring such procedures presents a high-risk profile for complications regarding demographics and associated diseases.

New, simple and reliable volumetric calculation technique in incisional hernias with loss of domain.

INTRODUCTION: The management of hernias with loss of domain is a challenging problem. It has been shown that the volume of the incisional hernia/peritoneal volume ratio < 20% was a predictive factor for tension-free fascia closure, after pre-operative pneumoperitoneum preparation (Goni Moreno technique). In this study, we propose an easy, reliable and fast technique to perform volumetric calculation, by the surgeon alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3D slicer software (free open-source software) was used to calculate with precision the intra-peritoneal and intra-hernia volumes, and to create a 3D reconstruction of both volumes. The measurement technique is described step by step using detailed figures and videos. RESULTS: The method was used to calculate the volumes for five consecutive patients, managed between January 2018 and March 2019. All the five patients had a ratio greater than 20% and, therefore, received a PPP program. The effectiveness of the procedure is objectified by the increase of the intraabdominal volume and the reduction of the incisional hernia/peritoneal volume ratio. The feasibility of a tension-free fascia closure was confirmed for the five patients. CONCLUSION: In addition to a standardized definition of "loss of domain", a standardized volumetric technique, easy to reproduce, needs to be adopted. Our method can be done by any surgeon with basic computer skills and radiological knowledge in an autonomous and a fast manner, thus helping to select the right technique for the right patient.

The Core Techniques of Morenian Psychodrama: A Systematic Review of Literature.

The original theory of psychodrama proposed by Moreno in 1921 has been adjusted and re-interpreted by several authors over the last three decades. This resulted in the proliferation of techniques whose definitions and contexts of application are unclear and poorly documented in the literature. The purpose of this review was three-fold: (1) to identify the psychodramatic techniques currently used for research and clinical purposes, (2) to extract and create a list of core techniques which are consensually used by psychodramatists, and which reflect the main principles of the Morenian theory of psychodrama, and (3) to propose an operationalised definition of the core psychodramatic techniques identified. To achieve this, a systematic review was conducted, according to the PRISMA guidelines (Moher et al., 2009). The search was conducted between June and September of 2012 in the main electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO) and using the following keywords: "psychodrama," "group psychotherapy," "experiential psychotherapy," "Moreno," "intervention," and "techniques." Fifty-six techniques were extracted from the 21 papers selected for review. Of these, a preliminary list of 30 techniques was selected, which was reduced to a total of 11 core techniques: soliloquy, double, mirror, role reversal, resistance interpolation, sculpture, social atom, intermediate objects, games, sociometry, role training. The credibility of this final core list was first checked with an expert in Morenian psychodrama, and later discussed with a network of 22 European psychodramatists to ensure full consensus. Overall, this review provides a contemporary framework for psychodramatists that reconciles the current approaches to psychodrama with the core techniques proposed by Moreno, and updates the definitions of these techniques, by merging the interpretations of different experts in the field. To have a list of core techniques which is consensually accepted from an international point of view is paramount not only for future research, but also for training purposes. The implications of this review for clinical practice are also discussed.

El uso de neumoperitoneo preoperatorio progresivo en el tratamiento de hernia gigante de la pared abdominal / (The use of progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum as treatment in giant abdominal wall hernia)

Resumen La cirugía para la corrección de las hernias ventrales gigantes, con pérdida de domicilio abdominal, representa un reto importante debido a la gran cantidad de comorbilidades potenciales. En esta patología se produce una migración de los órganos abdominales hacia el saco herniario; eventualmente, se atrofian los elementos de la pared y al tratar de retornarlos a su posición normal, se puede provocar múltiples efectos adversos en el paciente. Por eso, se debe realizar una cuidadosa planificación, preoperatoriamente. El uso de neumoperitoneo preoperatorio progresivo, permite una adaptación más adecuada desde el punto de vista fisiológico, tanto a nivel sistémico, como en la capacidad abdominal, para tolerar el retorno de los contenidos que han perdido su domicilio. Se presenta aquí el caso de una paciente femenina de 58 años, con una hernia ventral gigante con pérdida de domicilio abdominal, en cuyo manejo se utilizó la introducción preoperatoria progresiva de neumoperitoneo, descrita por primera vez por Goñi Moreno, en 1940.

Abstract Surgery for the correction of giant ventral hernias, with loss of abdominal domain, represents a major challenge due to the large number of potential comorbidities. In this pathology there is a migration of the abdominal organs to the hernia sac; eventually, the elements of the wall undergo atrophy and when trying to return the organs to their normal position, it can cause multiple adverse effects in the patient. Therefore, a careful planning must be carried out preoperatively. The use of progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum, allows a more adequate adaptation from the physiological point of view, both at a systemic level, as in the abdominal capacity, to tolerate the return of contents that have lost their domain. We present here the case of a 58 year old female patient, with a giant ventral hernia with loss of abdominal domain, in whose management, the introduction of progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum was used, described for the first time by Goñi Moreno, in 1940.

Silver bioaccumulation in chironomid larvae as a potential source for upper trophic levels: a study case from northern Patagonia.

Silver (Ag) is a pollutant of high concern in aquatic ecosystems, considered among the most toxic metallic ions. In lacustrine environments, contaminated sediments are a source of Ag for the food web. Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) are the most abundant, diverse, and representative insect groups in aquatic ecosystems. Chironomid larvae are closely associated to benthic substrates and link primary producers and secondary consumers. Given their trophic position and their life habits, these larvae can be considered the entry point for the transference of Ag, from the benthic deposit to the higher trophic levels of the food web. Previous studies in lakes from Nahuel Huapi National Park (Northern Patagonia) showed Ag enrichment over background levels (0.04-0.1 µg g-1 dry weight) both in biota (bivalves and fish liver) and sediments from sites near human settlements. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of chironomids in the transference of Ag from the benthic reservoir of Lake Moreno Oeste to the food web. The concentration of Ag in chironomid larvae tissue ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 µg g-1 dry weight, reaching a bioaccumulation factor up to 17 over substrates and depending on the associated substrate type, feeding habitats, larval stage, and season. The main Ag transfer to higher trophic levels by chironomids occurs in the littoral zone, mostly from larvae inhabiting submerged vegetation (Myriophyllum quitense) and sediment from vegetated zones. This study presents novel evidence of the doorway role played by chironomid larvae in Ag pathways from the sediments into food webs of freshwater ecosystems.

Ética da alegria e do encontro: elucidações espinosanas e perspectivas psicodramáticas / Ethics of joy and encounter: elucidations of spinoza and psychodramatic perspectives / Ética de la alegría y la reunión: aclaraciones espinosanas y las perspectivas de psicodrama

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar aproximações entre os pensamentos de Jacob Levy Moreno e Baruch Spinoza, destacando a concepção de corpo, bem como a ética da alegria e do encontro inerente à filosofia dos dois autores. Portanto, o texto apresenta a convergência de sentidos entre alguns conceitos da Teoria dos Afetos de Spinoza e os do campo teórico do Psicodrama. O artigo também destaca contribuições dos dois pensadores para o campo da Psicologia Social e explicita a colaboração da teoria espinosana para o âmbito da psicoterapia de abordagem psicodramática.

This article aims to present some correspondences between of Jacob Levy Moreno's thoughts and Baruch Spinoza's ones, highlighting the body conception as well as the ethics of joy and the inherent encounter of both authors' philosophy. Therefore, the text presents the convergence of meanings between some concepts of Spinoza's Affect Theory and those of the theoretical field of Psychodrama. The article also focus on some contributions of the two thinkers in relation to the field of Social Psychology and explains the collaboration of Spinoza's theory to the scope of psychotherapy with a psychodramatic approach.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar similitudes entre los pensamientos de Jacob Levy Moreno y Baruch Spinoza, destacando el diseño del cuerpo, así como la ética de la alegría y la reunión inherente de la filosofía de los dos autores. Por lo tanto, el texto presenta la convergencia de los significados entre algunos conceptos de la Teoría de los Afectos de Spinoza y el campo teórico del Psicodrama. El artículo también destaca las contribuciones de los dos pensadores para el campo de la Psicología Social y la colaboración explícita de la teoría de Spinoza en el ámbito de enfoque psicodrama a la psicoterapia.

Morenian tools develop environmental collaboration processes / Instrumentos morenianos aprofundam os processos de colaboração ambiental / Herramientas morenianas profundizan los procesos de colaboración ambiental

People of various backgrounds collaborate on environmental issues. They may have the same explicit goals, but their immaterial cultural conserves, e.g. mental models, rules and values ‒ their tacit knowledge ‒, often diverge. Morenian tools such as sociodrama and relationmetry realize mental models, attitudes and values, helping to create a collective perception. This frees time for real problem solving and forms a holistic understanding of complex underlying structures. The use of Morenian methods might lead faster to proper solutions. The focus is on ways to enrich and speed up multinational collaboration connected to environmental, social and economic themes, thus sustainable development. Great interest lies in the possibility of uniting explicit planning methods, including computerized aids with Morenian tools.

Pessoas de várias origens colaboram em questões ambientais. Podem ter os mesmos objetivos explícitos, mas suas conservas culturais imateriais, por exemplo, modelos mentais, regras e valores - o conhecimento tácito ‒, muitas vezes divergem. Instrumentos morenianos como o sociodrama e a "relaciometria" concretizam modelos mentais, atitudes e valores, contribuindo para criar uma percepção coletiva. Isso libera tempo para a resolução de problemas reais e forma uma compreensão holística das complexas estruturas subjacentes. O uso de métodos morenianos pode levar mais rapidamente a soluções apropriadas. O foco volta-se para formas de enriquecer e acelerar a colaboração multinacional conectada aos temas ambientais, sociais e econômicos, portanto, ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Há um grande interesse na possibilidade de unir métodos explícitos de planejamento, incluindo recursos informatizados, com os instrumentos morenianos.

Personas de diversos orígenes colaboran en cuestiones ambientales. Ellas pueden tener las mismas metas explícitas pero su conservación cultural inmaterial, por ejemplo: modelos mentales, normas y valores - conocimiento tácito -, a menudo diverge. Herramientas morenianas, como sociodrama y relacionmetría, concretizan modelos mentales, actitudes y valores, contribuyendo así a crear una percepción colectiva. Esto libera el tiempo para la resolución de problemas reales y forma una comprensión holística de las estructuras subyacentes complejas. El uso de métodos morenianos puede llevar más rápido a soluciones adaptadas. El enfoque es sobre las formas de enriquecer y acelerar la colaboración multinacional conectada a temas ambientales, sociales y económicos, de este modo el desarrollo sostenible. Hay un gran interés en la posibilidad de unir los métodos de planificación explícitos, incluyendo ayudas informatizadas, con las herramientas morenianas.

Heavy metal and trace elements in riparian vegetation and macrophytes associated with lacustrine systems in Northern Patagonia Andean Range.

Vegetation associated with lacustrine systems in Northern Patagonia was studied for heavy metal and trace element contents, regarding their elemental contribution to these aquatic ecosystems. The research focused on native species and exotic vascular plant Salix spp. potential for absorbing heavy metals and trace elements. The native species studied were riparian Amomyrtus luma, Austrocedrus chilensis, Chusquea culeou, Desfontainia fulgens, Escallonia rubra, Gaultheria mucronata, Lomatia hirsuta, Luma apiculata, Maytenus boaria, Myrceugenia exsucca, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyi, Schinus patagonicus, and Weinmannia trichosperma, and macrophytes Hydrocotyle chamaemorus, Isöetes chubutiana, Galium sp., Myriophyllum quitense, Nitella sp. (algae), Potamogeton linguatus, Ranunculus sp., and Schoenoplectus californicus. Fresh leaves were analyzed as well as leaves decomposing within the aquatic bodies, collected from lakes Futalaufquen and Rivadavia (Los Alerces National Park), and lakes Moreno and Nahuel Huapi (Nahuel Huapi National Park). The elements studied were heavy metals Ag, As, Cd, Hg, and U, major elements Ca, K, and Fe, and trace elements Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Hf, Na, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn. Geochemical tracers La and Sm were also determined to evaluate contamination of the biological tissues by geological particulate (sediment, soil, dust) and to implement concentration corrections.