Tissue Elasticity as a Diagnostic Marker of Molecular Mutations in Morphologically Heterogeneous Colorectal Cancer.

The presence of molecular mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a decisive factor in selecting the most effective first-line therapy. However, molecular analysis is routinely performed only in a limited number of patients with remote metastases. We propose to use tissue stiffness as a marker of the presence of molecular mutations in CRC samples. For this purpose, we applied compression optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) to calculate stiffness values in regions corresponding to specific CRC morphological patterns (n = 54). In parallel to estimating stiffness, molecular analysis from the same zones was performed to establish their relationships. As a result, a high correlation between the presence of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF driver mutations and high stiffness values was revealed regardless of CRC morphological pattern type. Further, we proposed threshold stiffness values for label-free targeted detection of molecular alterations in CRC tissues: for KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF driver mutation-above 803 kPa (sensitivity-91%; specificity-80%; diagnostic accuracy-85%), and only for KRAS driver mutation-above 850 kPa (sensitivity-90%; specificity-88%; diagnostic accuracy-89%). To conclude, C-OCE estimation of tissue stiffness can be used as a clinical diagnostic tool for preliminary screening of genetic burden in CRC tissues.

An MRI Study of Morphology, Asymmetry, and Sex Differences of Inferior Precentral Sulcus.

Numerous studies utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have observed sex and interhemispheric disparities in sulcal morphology, which could potentially underpin certain functional disparities in the human brain. Most of the existing research examines the precentral sulcus comprehensively, with a rare focus on its subsections. To explore the morphology, asymmetry, and sex disparities within the inferior precentral sulcus (IPCS), we acquired 3.0T magnetic resonance images from 92 right-handed Chinese adolescents. Brainvisa was used to reconstruct the IPCS structure and calculate its mean depth (MD). Based on the morphological patterns of IPCS, it was categorized into five distinct types. Additionally, we analyzed four different types of spatial relationships between IPCS and inferior frontal sulcus (IFS). There was a statistically significant sex disparity in the MD of IPCS, primarily observed in the right hemisphere. Females exhibited significantly greater asymmetry in the MD of IPCS compared to males. No statistically significant sex or hemispheric variations were identified in sulcal patterns. Our findings expand the comprehension of inconsistencies in sulcal structure, while also delivering an anatomical foundation for the study of related regions' function.

Corrosion of Titanium Electrode Used for Solar Saline Electroflotation.

The solar electroflotation (EF) processes using saline electrolytes are today one of the great challenges for the development of electrochemical devices, due to the corrosion problems that are generated during the operation by being in permanent contact with Cl- ions. This manuscript discloses the corrosion behavior of titanium electrodes using a superposition model based on mixed potential theory and the evaluation of the superficial performance of the Ti electrodes operated to 4 V/SHE solar electroflotation in contact with a solution of 0.5 M NaCl. Additionally provided is an electrochemical analysis of Ti electrodes regarding HER, ORR, OER, and CER that occur during the solar saline EF process. The non-linear superposition model by mixed potential theory gives electrochemical and corrosion parameters that complement the information published in scientific journals, the corrosion current density and corrosion potential in these conditions is 0.069 A/m2 and -7.27 mV, respectively. The formation of TiO2 and TiOCl on the anode electrode was visualized, resulting in a reduction of its weight loss of the anode electrode.

Morphological Patterns of Balanoposthitis and their Correlation with Final Etiological Diagnosis.

Background: Balanoposthitis is a common dermatological condition across the globe, but studies describing clinico-morphologic features and their diagnostic correlates are scarce. Objective: To study various morphological patterns of balanoposthitis and their correlation with etiological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients with balanoposthitis visiting the dermatology out-patient department and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic over a period of 8 months. Detailed history, demographic data, and clinical features were recorded. Relevant investigations were performed. Results: A total of 129 patients of balanoposthitis were studied. Common causes were because of candida (33.3%), bacteria (17.1%), irritants (13.3%), herpes (11.4%), drugs (8.6%), and lichen sclerosus (6.7%). Common morphological patterns were erosion/confluent wet erythema with sub-preputial discharge (24.81%), fissure with superficial pustules (15.5%), fissure alone (13.18%), patchy dry erythema (11.63%), and superficial pustules (intact or exfoliated) with or without underlying erythema (10.85%). Fissure and superficial pustules were the most common presentation of candidal balanoposthitis (51.43%), erosions/confluent wet erythema with sub-preputial discharge of bacterial balanitis (55.56%), and patchy dry erythema of irritant balanitis (50%). Limitations: Detailed investigations such as fungal culture, herpes serology, real-time polymerase chain reaction and histopathology could not be performed. Conclusion: Certain morphological patterns of balanoposthitis strongly point toward final diagnosis which can help in quick diagnosis and early treatment in resource poor settings, especially in STDs.

Drying of bio-colloidal sessile droplets: Advances, applications, and perspectives.

Drying of biologically-relevant sessile droplets, including passive systems such as DNA, proteins, plasma, and blood, as well as active microbial systems comprising bacterial and algal dispersions, has garnered considerable attention over the last decades. Distinct morphological patterns emerge when bio-colloids undergo evaporative drying, with significant potential in a wide range of biomedical applications, spanning bio-sensing, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, the prospects of novel and thrifty bio-medical toolkits based on drying bio-colloids have driven tremendous progress in the science of morphological patterns and advanced quantitative image-based analysis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of bio-colloidal droplets drying on solid substrates, focusing on the experimental progress during the last ten years. We provide a summary of the physical and material properties of relevant bio-colloids and link their native composition (constituent particles, solvent, and concentrations) to the patterns emerging due to drying. We specifically examined the drying patterns generated by passive bio-colloids (e.g., DNA, globular, fibrous, composite proteins, plasma, serum, blood, urine, tears, and saliva). This article highlights how the emerging morphological patterns are influenced by the nature of the biological entities and the solvent, micro- and global environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity), and substrate attributes like wettability. Crucially, correlations between emergent patterns and the initial droplet compositions enable the detection of potential clinical abnormalities when compared with the patterns of drying droplets of healthy control samples, offering a blueprint for the diagnosis of the type and stage of a specific disease (or disorder). Recent experimental investigations of pattern formation in the bio-mimetic and salivary drying droplets in the context of COVID-19 are also presented. We further summarized the role of biologically active agents in the drying process, including bacteria, algae, spermatozoa, and nematodes, and discussed the coupling between self-propulsion and hydrodynamics during the drying process. We wrap up the review by highlighting the role of cross-scale in situ experimental techniques for quantifying sub-micron to micro-scale features and the critical role of cross-disciplinary approaches (e.g., experimental and image processing techniques with machine learning algorithms) to quantify and predict the drying-induced features. We conclude the review with a perspective on the next generation of research and applications based on drying droplets, ultimately enabling innovative solutions and quantitative tools to investigate this exciting interface of physics, biology, data sciences, and machine learning.

Patrones morfológicos de la enfermedad glomerular en México: Reporte de un centro de referencia en nefropatología / Morphological patterns of glomerular disease in Mexico: Report of a reference center in nephropathology

RESUMEN Introducción: En México, la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) representa un gran problema de salud y las glomerulopatías (GP) representan la tercera causa de ERC. Objetivo: Describir, desde una base de datos de biopsias renales (BR) nativas, los diferentes patrones morfológicos de GP en México. Métodos: Se analizaron registros de BR de riñón nativo en un centro de referencia en nefropatología, todas las BR fueron evaluadas por una única nefropatóloga (AVP). El diagnóstico final en cada caso se basó en parámetros clínicos e histopatológicos. Resultados: Fueron revisadas 2084 BR, con edad de 34.4 ± 17.6 años. 1085 BR (52.1%) en género femenino; el síndrome nefrótico fue más frecuente en hombres (p<0.001) y síndrome nefrítico fue más frecuente en mujeres (p<0.001). GP primarias y nefropatías túbulo-intersticiales fueron más diagnosticadas en hombres (p<0.01). Nefritis lúpica (NL) fue la GP secundaria más reportada. La glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria (GEFS) fue la GP primaria diagnosticada con mayor frecuencia en ambos géneros. Vasculitis por inmunoglobulina A fue la enfermedad vascular más frecuentemente detectada. Síndrome nefrótico fue la indicación más frecuente de BR (42.9%), seguido de: síndrome nefrítico (23.9%), proteinuria aislada (16.4%), daño renal agudo (8.7%), alteraciones urinarias asintomáticas (6.2%) y ERC (1.8%). Conclusiones: La GP primarias con mayor frecuencia fueron GEFS. Las GP secundarias más frecuentemente reportadas fueron NL, predominantemente en mujeres. Se observó nefropatía IgA con mayor frecuencia en comparación con otras series publicadas en México. Hubo diferencias significativas en la presentación de GP en relación con el género y la edad del paciente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Mexico, chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major health problem, and glomerulopathies (GP) represent the third leading cause of CKD. Aim: From a database of native kidney biopsies (KB), describe the different morphological patterns of GP in Mexico. Methods: Records of native KB in a nephropathology referral center were evaluated by a single nephropathologist. The final diagnosis in each case was based on clinical parameters and histopathological findings. Results: 2084 KB were analyzed, patients were 34.4±17.6 years of age, there were 1085 KB (52.1%) in females; nephrotic syndrome was most frequent in males (p<0.001), and nephritic syndrome was more frequent in females (p <0.001). Primary GP and túbulo-interstitial diseases were most diagnosed in males (p <0.01). Lupus nephritis (LN) was the most-reported secondary GP. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the primary GP most often diagnosed in both genders. The most frequently detected vascular disease was immunoglobulin A vasculitis. Nephrotic syndrome was the most frequent indication for KB (42.9%), followed by: nephritic syndrome (23.9%), isolated proteinuria (16.4%), acute kidney injury (8.7%), asymptomatic urinary alterations (6.2%), and CKD (1.8%). Conclusions: The most frequently observed primary GP was FSGS, and LN was the most frequent secondary GP, predominantly in females, and IgA nephropathy was observed more frequently in comparison with other series published in Mexico. There were significant differences in GP presentation in relation to patient sex and age.

Case Report: A New Entity: Multiple Differentiated Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Advanced Clinical Behavior.

There are many histological morphological types of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the most frequently seen types are conventional. A single PTC commonly has a conventional and/or a variant morphological pattern. PTC with multiple (more than two) well-differentiated morphological patterns are extremely rare. We herein report the rare case of a 48-year-old male with initial diaphragmatic, pancreatic, and liver tumors from PTC. Then, the PTC was discovered following resection of these tumors, an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) cytology of a huge mass in the thyroid's left lobe revealed a PTC. After postoperative recovery, physical and ultrasound examinations identified an irregular large nodule in the thyroid's isthmus and left lobe, several swollen lymph nodes in the left neck, a mass in the left gluteus maximus, and several masses in both the bilateral parotid and salivary regions. The US-FNA's pathological examination confirmed metastatic PTCs in the left gluteus maximus and bilaterally in the parotid and salivary glands. An 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography and computed tomography scan revealed abnormal uptakes in numerous locations (e.g., thyroid's isthmus and left lobe, bilateral parotid gland, and subcutaneous tissues). The patient underwent palliative therapy-including total thyroidectomy, bilateral central neck dissection, left lateral neck dissection, and excision of the bilateral parotid and salivary glands. A whole-body scan post-therapeutic radioactive iodine ablation revealed exclusive thyroid bed uptake. The patient subsequently underwent thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) repression therapy and chemotherapy with lenvatinib, and thereafter achieved stable clinical conditions. Further histopathological analysis of the PTC revealed multiple differentiated morphological patterns in the single tumor located in the isthmus and left lobe of the thyroid, and in some metastatic lesions. Different metastatic lesions also presented different morphological patterns of PTC. In conclusions, we identified a new entity of PTC as a multiple differentiated variant of PTC (MDV-PTC) with an aggressive clinical nature.

The exposure of slums to high temperature: Morphology-based local scale thermal patterns.

Heat exposure has become a global threat to human health and life with increasing temperatures and frequency of extreme heat events. Considering risk as a function of both heat vulnerability and hazard intensity, this study examines whether poor urban dwellers residing in slums are exposed to higher temperature, adding to their vulnerable demographic and health conditions. Instead of being restricted by sampling size of pixels or other land surface zones, this study follows the intrinsic latent patterns of the heat phenomenon to examine the association between small clusters of slums and heat patterns. Remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) datasets of moderate resolution are employed to derive the morphological features of the temperature patterns in the city of Ahmedabad, India at the local scale. The optimal representations of temperature pattern morphology are learnt automatically from temporally adjacent images without manually choosing model hyper-parameters. The morphological features are then evaluated to identify the local scale temperature pattern at slum locations. Results show that in particular locations with slums are exposed to a locally high temperature. More specifically, larger slums tend to be exposed to a more intense locally high temperature compared to smaller slums. Due to the small size of slums in Ahmedabad, it is hard to conclude whether slums are impacting the locally high temperature, or slums are more likely to be located in poorly built places already with a locally high temperature. This study complements the missing dimension of hazard investigation to heat-related risk analysis of slums. The study developed a workflow of exploring the temperature patterns at the local scale and examination of heat exposure of slums. It extends the conventional city scale urban temperature analysis into local scales and introduces morphological measurements as new parameters to quantify temperature patterns at a more detailed level.

[The Grand Prince G.A. Romanov and the diagnostic capabilities of XIX century medicine]. / Velikii kniaz' G.A. Romanov i diagnosticheskie vozmozhnosti meditsiny KhIKh veka.

This article is devoted to the medical aspects of the biography of the Grand Prince Georgiy Romanov, the younger brother of Nikolas II, the Russian Emperor. It reports the results of the analysis of the formerly unpublished documents stored in the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). The authors present the data characterizing the level of medical care provided to the patients in Russia of that time. In addition, they describe the specific morphological patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis which affected the Crown Prince and became the cause of his death.

Robust cardiac event change detection method for long-term healthcare monitoring applications.

A long-term continuous cardiac health monitoring system highly demands more battery power for real-time transmission of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and increases bandwidth, treatment costs and traffic load of the diagnostic server. In this Letter, the authors present an automated low-complexity robust cardiac event change detection (CECD) method that can continuously detect specific changes in PQRST morphological patterns and heart rhythms and then enable transmission/storing of the recorded ECG signals. The proposed CECD method consists of four stages: ECG signal quality assessment, R-peak detection and beat waveform extraction, temporal and RR interval feature extraction and cardiac event change decision. The proposed method is tested and validated using both normal and abnormal ECG signals including different types of arrhythmia beats, heart rates and signal quality. Results show that the method achieves an average sensitivity of 99.76%, positive predictivity of 94.58% and overall accuracy of 94.32% in determining the changes in heartbeat waveforms of the ECG signals.

Distinct patterns of yeast cell morphology and host responses induced by representative strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01).

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis, widespread in Latin America. PCM is a granulomatous disease characterized by a polymorphism of lesions depending on the pathogen's virulence, the immune status of the host and its genetic susceptibility. The thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was considered the only etiologic agent of PCM, yet recent works have shown significant genetic diversity among different strains of P. brasiliensis. Therefore, it has been proposed for a new species within the Paracoccidioides genus, named Paracoccidioides lutzii. To better understand the fungus-host interactions elicited by strains Pb01 and Pb18 as key representatives of P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis, respectively, we carried out studies to investigate differences in morphology, induced immune response, virulence and pathology between these two Paracoccidioides species. Our results demonstrate distinct patterns of host-parasite interaction and pathology caused by Pb18 and Pb01. These results open up new fronts for NEW: clinical studies, which may result in significant consequences for the diagnosis and treatment of PCM. Considering that our results cannot be extended to all strains of both species, more studies about the virulence among Paracoccioides must be explored in the future.

Sperm DNA fragmentation is related to sperm morphological staining patterns.

In this prospective comparative study, sperm DNA fragmentation (sDNAfrag) was compared at each step of a sequential semen preparation, with semen parameters according to their degree of severity. At each step (fractions) of the sequential procedure, sDNAfrag was determined: fresh (Raw), after gradient centrifugation, washing, and swim-up (SU) for 70 infertile men enrolled in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. sDNAfrag significantly (P = 0.04; P < 0.0001) decreased throughout the steps of semen preparation, with centrifugation and washing not increasing it. A negative correlation to sperm motility was observed in Raw and SU fractions, and a higher sDNAfrag was observed in samples with lower semen quality. Our results confirm that the steps of the sequential procedure do not compromise sperm DNA integrity and progressively decreased sDNAfrag regardless of the sperm abnormality and that semen parameters with lower quality present higher sDNAfrag. Four distinct patterns were observed, of which the entire sperm head staining was the pattern most expressed in all studied fractions. Additionally, the sperm head gene-rich region staining pattern was reduced by the procedure. This suggests that pattern quantification might be a useful adjunct when performing sDNAfrag testing for male infertility.

A study of cutaneous adverse drug reactions at a tertiary center in Jammu, India.

AIM: The aim was to study various morphological patterns of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) and identify the culprit drug or drugs by establishing a causal link using Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out between November 2010 and November 2011 at the Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Jammu. A total of 150 patients with CADR reporting to the dermatology department or referred from other departments were evaluated. Detailed history, clinical examination, hematological, and biochemical investigations were recorded. The venereal disease research laboratory test, HIV (ELISA), and histopathological examination were done wherever indicated. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were evaluated after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients with CADRs was 33.26 years. A majority of patients (30.6%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1.2. The most common CADRs were fixed drug eruption in 33.3% of patients followed by urticaria in 17.3%, and maculopapular rash in 13.3%. The most common classes of drugs implicated were antimicrobials in 40% of patients followed by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in 35.3%. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated probable association of 77.3%, highly probable association of 12.6%, and 1% possible association with the implicated drugs. CONCLUSION: The pattern of CADRs and the drugs causing them is remarkably different in our population. Knowledge of these drug reactions, their causative drugs, and prognostic indicators is essential for the clinician.

From micropterism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha).

Following recent advances in the morphological interpretations of the tegmen basal cell margins in the Paraneoptera, a standardized and homology-driven groundplan terminology for tegmina types, structures and vein patterns in Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha, including fossils, is proposed. Each term is listed with a morphological definition, compared and linked to the main systems of planthopper forewing description that have been reviewed. The importance of a standardized and homology-driven terminology is stressed to enhance the quality of data in taxonomic descriptions and to strengthen phylogenetic morphological analysis results. When the interpretation of the origin of vein branches is render difficult, a three-step strategy for pattern recognition of the vein is proposed based on two principles: (1) vein forks are more informative than topology of the vein branches: a search for homologous areas, the nodal cells in particular, must first guide the recognition rather the number of branches of a vein, and (2) minimum of ad hoc evolutionary events should be invoked in the understanding of a modified vein pattern. Examples of some conflicting interpretations of venation patterns in planthoppers are discussed within different families for both extant and extinct taxa. For the first time, the concept of brachypterism is defined in a non-relative way independently from other structures, and the new one of hyperpterism is proposed; a reporting system is proposed for each of them.

Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: evaluation of prognostic parameters based on a clinicopathological analysis of 100 cases.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of ovarian clear cell carcinomas in order to identify which, if any, are prognostically significant, and to determine whether there is value in grading these tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred tumours with clinical follow-up were reviewed. Features evaluated included age, preoperative/intraoperative rupture, size, architectural pattern(s), presence of oxyphilic cells, degree of cytological atypia, nucleolar grade, mitoses, background precursor and stage. Survival differences were analysed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier estimator. Stage and lymph node status were the only parameters that were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Patients with stage I disease (71%) had a 92% 5-year survival compared to a 31% 5-year survival in advanced stage disease (29%). Those with negative lymph nodes (92%) had an 80% 5-year survival compared to a 22% 5-year survival for those with positive nodes (8%). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that stage and lymph node status are the only prognostically significant parameters in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. It also confirms that most patients with clear cell carcinoma present with disease confined to the ovary, and have an excellent prognosis. Grading ovarian clear cell carcinomas based on morphological features is not recommended, as none are of prognostic significance.

Phenotypic plasticity and similarity among gall morphotypes on a superhost, Baccharis reticularia (Asteraceae).

Understanding factors that modulate plant development is still a challenging task in plant biology. Although research has highlighted the role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining final plant structure, we know little of how these factors combine to produce specific developmental patterns. Here, we studied patterns of cell and tissue organisation in galled and non-galled organs of Baccharis reticularia, a Neotropical shrub that hosts over ten species of galling insects. We employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to understand patterns of growth and differentiation in its four most abundant gall morphotypes. We compared two leaf galls induced by sap-sucking Hemiptera and stem galls induced by a Lepidopteran and a Dipteran, Cecidomyiidae. The hypotheses tested were: (i) the more complex the galls, the more distinct they are from their non-galled host; (ii) galls induced on less plastic host organs, e.g. stems, develop under more morphogenetic constraints and, therefore, should be more similar among themselves than galls induced on more plastic organs. We also evaluated the plant sex preference of gall-inducing insects for oviposition. Simple galls were qualitative and quantitatively more similar to non-galled organs than complex galls, thereby supporting the first hypothesis. Unexpectedly, stem galls had more similarities between them than to their host organ, hence only partially supporting the second hypothesis. Similarity among stem galls may be caused by the restrictive pattern of host stems. The opposite trend was observed for host leaves, which generate either similar or distinct gall morphotypes due to their higher phenotypic plasticity. The Relative Distance of Plasticity Index for non-galled stems and stem galls ranged from 0.02 to 0.42. Our results strongly suggest that both tissue plasticity and gall inducer identity interact to determine plant developmental patterns, and therefore, final gall structure.

Morphological patterns of gingival recession in adult chilean population / Patrones morfológicos de recesiones gingivales en población chilena adulta

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of morphological patterns of gingival recession, attachment loss, and type of interdental papilla in adult subjects of different age in a Chilean population. A total of 105 patients with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years of both sexes participated in our study. The prevalence of gingival recession was 92.38 percent, affecting 530 teeth. The morphological pattern of gingival recession most common was class II (34.94 percent), followed by types III, I and IV. According to ANOVA test, differences were significant in relation to the mean number of affected teeth. Of those who had recessions, females had a slightly higher prevalence. The range 18-34 years showed a prevalence of 82.22 percent and from 35 years increased to 100 percent. The vertical extent between 0-3mm and horizontal between 4-7mm were the most prevalent affected 88.68 percent and 59.05 percent of teeth, respectively. Attachment loss was 3-4mm in 316 teeth (59.62 percent), and the most prevalent interdental papillae on the different patterns was type I (40.18 percent) followed by type III (21.88 percent). Differences were statistically significant (p=0.001) in relation to age of individuals who presented diferent morphological patterns of gingival recession. For the others parameters (depth and width of the recession, attachment loss) we found no statistically significant differences with a confidence interval of 95 percent. These findings represent a contribution for the evaluation of gingival recession in our population, particularly in the anterior aesthetic zone.

El objetivo fue determinar los patrones morfológicos de recesión gingival más prevalentes junto al grado de pérdida de inserción clínica y tipo de papila interdentaria en una muestra de población chilena. Se evaluaron 105 pacientes de ambos sexos, con edades entre 18 y 64 años. La prevalencia de recesión gingival fue del 92,38 por ciento, afectando 530 dientes. El patrón morfológico de recesión más frecuente fue el clase II (34,94 por ciento), seguido por los tipos III, I y IV. Según la Prueba de ANOVA, fueron encontradas diferencias significativas en relación a las medias de dientes afectados entre los individuos que presentaban recesión. El sexo femenino presentó una prevalencia ligeramente mayor. En el rango de 18-34 años se observó una prevalencia de 82,22 por ciento y desde los 35 años aumentó al 100 por ciento. La extensión vertical entre 0-3mm y horizontal entre 4-7mm fueron las más prevalentes y afectaron al 88,68 por ciento y 59,05 por ciento de los dientes, respectivamente. La perdida de inserción más habitual fue del rango 3-4mm en 316 dientes (59,62 por ciento ). El tipo de papila interdentaria en las recesiones gingivales fue del tipo I (40.18 por ciento) seguido por el tipo III (21.88 por ciento). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.001) en relación a la edad de los individuos que presentaron estos patrones morfológicos de recesión gingival y quiénes no. Estos resultados representan una contribución para la evaluación de la recesión gingival en nuestra población, particularmente en la zona estética anterior.

Discovering craniofacial patterns using multivariate cephalometric data for treatment decision making in orthodontics / Descubriendo patrones craneofaciales usando datos cefalométricos multivariados para la toma de decisiones en ortodoncia

The aim was to find craniofacial morphology patterns in a multivariate cephalometric database using a clustering technique. Cephalometric analysis was performed in a sample of 100 teleradiographs collected from Chilean orthodontic patients. Thirty cephalometric measurements were taken from commonly used analysis. The computed variables were used to perform a clustering analysis with the k-means algorithm to identify patterns of craniofacial morphology. The J48 decision tree was used to analyze each cluster, and the ANOVA test to determine the statistical differences between the clusters. Four clusters were found that had significant differences (P<0.001) in 24 of the 30 variables studied, suggesting that they represent different patterns of craniofacial form. Using the decision tree, 8 of the 30 variables appeared to be relevant for describing the clusters. The clustering analysis is effective in identifying different craniofacial patterns based on a multivariate database. The distinct clusters appear to be caused by differences in the compensation process of the facial structure responding to a genetically determined cranial and mandible form. The proposed method can be applied to several databases, creating specific classifications for each one of them.

El objetivo fue encontrar patrones morfológicos craneofaciales, a partir de una base de datos cefalométricos multivariada, utilizando una técnica de clustering. Se realizó un análisis cefalométrico a una muestra de 100 telerradiografías pertenecientes a pacientes chilenos de ortodoncia. Treinta medidas cefalométricas obtenidas de los análisis más utilizados fueron registradas. Las variables computadas se utilizaron para realizar un análisis de clustering con el algoritmo k-medias, para identificar patrones de morfología craneofacial. El árbol de decisión J48 se utilizó para analizar cada cluster, y test de ANOVA para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los clusters. Se encontraron cuatro clusters con diferencia estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) en 24 de las 30 variables estudiadas, lo que sugiere que efectivamente corresponden a diferentes patrones craneofaciales. Utilizando el árbol de decisión, se pudo determinar que 8 de las 30 variables resultaron ser relevantes en la definición de los clusters. El análisis de clustering es efectivo en identificar patrones morfológicos craneofaciales usando una base de datos multivariada. Los distintos cluster encontrados, aparentemente se formarían a partir de diferencias en el proceso de compensación de la estructura facial, en respuesta a la forma mandibular genéticamente determinada. El método propuesto puede ser aplicado a múltiples bases de datos, creando clasificaciones específicas para cada una de ellas.

Morphological patterns of self-etching primers and self-etching adhesive bonded to tooth structure / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro interfacial relationship of restorations bonded with three self-etching primer adhesives and one self-etching adhesive. Class I cavity preparations were prepared on twenty extracted human molars. Prepared teeth were divided into four groups and restored with four adhesives and composites: Clearfil SE Bond/Clearfil(TM) AP-X (SE), UniFil Bond/UniFil(R) F (UF), FL Bond/Filtek(TM) Z 250 (FL) and Prompt L-Pop/Filtek(TM) Z 250 (LP) After storing in distilled water of room temperature for 24 hours, the specimens were vertically sectioned and decalcified. Morphological patterns between the enamel/dentin and adhesives were observed under SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. They showed close adaptation between enamel and SE, UF and FL except for LP. 2. The hybrid layer in dentin was 2 microm thick in SE, 1.5 microm thick in UF, and 0.4 microm in both FL and LP. So, the hybrid layers of SE and UF were slightly thicker than that of FL and LP. 3. The lengths and diameters of resin tags in UF and FL were similar, but those of LP were slightly shorter and slenderer than those of SE. 4. The resin tags were long rod shape in SE, and funnel shape in other groups. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that self-etching primer adhesives showed close adaptation on enamel. In addition, the thickness of hybrid layer ranged from 0.4-1.5 microm between adhesives and dentin. The resin tags were long rod or funnel shape, and dimension of them was similar or different among adhesives.