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1.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 32: e74792, jan. -dez. 2024.
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554732

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar as características e os desfechos obstétricos adversos em gestantes/puérperas infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 em serviço de referência. Método: série de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes com Covid-19 em um hospital universitário em Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas no serviço de 2020 a 2021, coletados em abril de 2022, empregando-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados através do Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: incluídas 26 gestantes, em sua maioria brancas, que tiveram como principais desfechos obstétricos adversos a internação em UTI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dado reestratificado de semanas para dias para investigar o encurtamento da gestação, onde constatou-se média de 38,6 dias potenciais de gravidez perdidos dos 280 dias ideais, e ainda 15,4% evoluíram para óbito materno. Conclusão: o estudo proporcionou evidenciar a necessidade de vigilância e atenção às gestantes com foco nos principais desfechos adversos, podendo-se intervir em tempo oportuno para diminuir adversidades.


Objective: to analyze the characteristics and adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnant/puerperal women infected by SARS-CoV-2 at a reference service. Method: a retrospective case series conducted among pregnant women with Covid-19 in a university hospital from Minas Gerais, Brazil, treated at the service from 2020 to 2021. The cases were collected in April 2022 employing descriptive statistics for data analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results: a total of 26 pregnant women were included, mostly white-skinned, whose main adverse obstetric outcomes were admission to the ICU (43.5%), premature birth (34.6%) and data restratified from weeks to days to investigate shortening of pregnancy, where a mean of 38.6 potential days of pregnancy were lost out of the ideal 280 days, and 15.4% resulted in maternal death. Conclusion: the study provided evidence of the need for surveillance and care for pregnant women with a focus on the main adverse outcomes, enabling timely intervention to reduce adversities.


Objetivo: analizar las características y resultados obstétricos adversos en gestantes/puérperas infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 en un servicio de referencia. Método: serie de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes con Covid-19 en un hospital universitario de Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas en el servicio de 2020 a 2021. Los datos se recolectaron en abril de 2022, se utilizó estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos mediante el Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: se incluyeron 26 gestantes, la mayoría de raza blanca, cuyos principales resultados obstétricos adversos fueron ingreso a UCI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dato reestratificado de semanas a días para investigar el acortamiento de la gestación, que arrojó como resultado un promedio de 38,6. Se comprobó que se perdieron en promedio 38,6 días potenciales de embarazo de los 280 días ideales, y muerte materna (15,4%). Conclusión: la evidencia que proporcionó el estudio indica que es necesario vigilar y atender a las gestantes enfocándose en los principales resultados adversos, lo que permite intervenir de forma oportuna para reducir adversidades.

2.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 94(2): 174-180, Apr.-Jun. 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556914

ABSTRACT

Abstract Sudden cardiac death is a common occurrence. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health problem suffered by ≈3.8 million people annually. Progress has been made in the knowledge of this disease, its prevention, and treatment; however, most events occur in people without a previous diagnosis of heart disease. Due to its multifactorial and complex nature, it represents a challenge in public health, so it led us to work in a consensus to achieve the implementation of cardioprotected areas in Mexico as a priority mechanism to treat these events. Public access cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation require training of non-medical personnel, who are usually the first responders in the chain of survival. They should be able to establish a basic and efficient CPR and use of the automatic external defibrillator (AED) until the emergency services arrive at the scene of the incident. Some of the current problems in Mexico and alternative solutions for them are addressed in the present work.


Resumen La muerte súbita cardíaca (SCD) es un acontecimiento común. El paro cardiaco extrahospitalario (OHCA) es un problema de salud pública mundial que sufren ≈3.8 millones de personas al año. Se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de esta enfermedad, su prevención y tratamiento, sin embargo, la mayoría de los eventos se producen en personas sin diagnóstico previo de cardiopatía. Debido a su carácter multifactorial y complejo, representa un reto en salud pública, lo que obliga a trabajar en un consenso para lograr la implementación de "Espacios Cardio protegidos" en México, como mecanismo prioritario de atención a estos eventos. La reanimación cardiopulmonar básica (RCPB) y la desfibrilación temprana de acceso público requieren de entrenamiento al personal no médico, que suelen ser los primeros respondientes para iniciar la cadena de la supervivencia. Ellos deberían instaurar una RCPB eficiente y el uso del desfibrilador automático externo (AED) hasta que lleguen al lugar del incidente los servicios de emergencias. El presente trabajo menciona algunos de los problemas actuales en México y algunas opciones de solución para los mismos.

3.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38844070

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is highly prevalent and is recognized as an important clinical entity in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Nevertheless, the association of CMD with adverse cardiovascular events in the spectrum of CHD has not been systemically quantified. METHODS: We searched electronic databases for studies on patients with CHD in whom coronary microvascular function was measured invasively, and clinical events were recorded. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and the secondary endpoint was all-cause death. Estimates of effect were calculated using a random-effects model from published risk ratios. RESULTS: We included 27 studies with 11 404 patients. Patients with CMD assessed by invasive methods had a higher risk of MACE (RR, 2.18; 95%CI, 1.80-2.64; P<.01) and all-cause death (RR, 1.88; 95%CI, 1.55-2.27; P<.01) than those without CMD. There was no significant difference in the impact of CMD on MACE (interaction P value=.95) among different invasive measurement modalities. The magnitude of risk of CMD assessed by invasive measurements for MACE was greater in acute coronary syndrome patients (RR, 2.84, 95%CI, 2.26-3.57; P<.01) than in chronic coronary syndrome patients (RR, 1.77, 95%CI, 1.44-2.18; P<.01) (interaction P value<.01). CONCLUSIONS: CMD based on invasive measurements was associated with a high incidence of MACE and all-cause death in patients with CHD. The magnitude of risk for cardiovascular events in CMD as assessed by invasive measurements was similar among different methods but varied among CHD populations.

4.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 224(6): 337-345, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38697610

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: cardiovascular changes during pregnancy carry greater risk in heart disease. We analyze cardiovascular, obstetric and perinatal adverse effects associated with congenital and acquired heart disease during pregnancy and postpartum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and retrospective study, which included the 2017-2023 registry of pregnant or postpartum patients hospitalised with diagnosis of congenital or acquired heart disease. Adverse events (heart failure, stroke, acute pulmonary edema, maternal death, obstetric haemorrhage, prematurity and perinatal death) were compared with the clinical variables and the implemented treatment. RESULTS: 112 patients with a median age of 28 years (range 15-44) were included. Short circuits predominated 28 (25%). Thirty-six patients (32%) were classified in class IV of the modified WHO scale for maternal cardiovascular risk. Heart failure occurred in 39 (34.8%), acute lung edema 12 (10.7%), stroke 2 (1.8%), maternal death 5 (4.5%), obstetric haemorrhage 4 (3.6%), prematurity 50 (44.5%) and perinatal death 6 (5.4%). Shunts were associated with prematurity (adjusted odds ratio 4; 95% CI: 1.5-10, p = 0.006). Peripartum cardiomyopathy represented higher risk of pulmonary edema (adjusted OR 34; 95% CI: 6-194, p = 0.001) and heart failure (adjusted OR 16; 95% CI: 3-84, p = 0.001). An increased risk of obstetric haemorrhage was observed in patients with prosthetic valves (adjusted OR 30; 95% CI: 1.5-616, p = 0.025) and with the use of acetylsalicylic acid (adjusted OR 14; 95% CI: 1.2-16, p = 0.030). Furthermore, the latter was associated with perinatal death (adjusted OR 9; 95% CI: 1.4-68, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: severe complications were found during pregnancy and postpartum in patients with heart disease, which is why preconception evaluation and close surveillance are vital.


Subject(s)
Heart Diseases , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular , Puerperal Disorders , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/epidemiology , Young Adult , Adolescent , Puerperal Disorders/epidemiology , Puerperal Disorders/etiology , Infant, Newborn , Pulmonary Edema/epidemiology , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Postpartum Period
5.
Rev. Fed. Centroam. Obstet. Ginecol. ; 28(1): 12-26, 25 de abril de 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552701

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: Las gestaciones múltiples sugieren un mayor riesgo de mortalidad perinatal. Dentro de estas estadísticas, la muerte de un solo gemelo ocurre en hasta el 6% de los embarazos múltiples. La incidencia general después de las 20 semanas de gestación (sdg) se estima entre el 2.6% y el 6.2% de todos estos embarazos. Se ha demostrado que es la coriónicidad, más que la cigosidad, la que influye en el resultado de esta complicación, debido a la angioarquitectura placentaria de las circulaciones en los embarazos monocoriónicos. Las tasas de pérdida de hasta el 30-50% se han asociado con embarazos monocoriónicos y monoamnióticos. Si ocurre antes de las 14 sdg, el embrión puede desaparecer; entre las 14 y las 20 sdg, el feto se reduce en tamaño y volumen. Y, si ocurre después de 20 sdg, el feto permanece dentro del útero hasta el final de la gestación. CASO CLÍNICO: femenina de 18 años de edad, quien acudió a revisión obstétrica con reporte ultrasonográfico de un embarazo gemelar monocorial biamniótico de 30.4 sdg, y muerte de uno de los gemelos. Tras demostrar estabilidad hemodinámica del feto sobreviviente, así como estabilidad materna, se decidió internamiento para monitoreo estrecho. Una semana después desarrolló trabajo de parto pretérmino y se decidió la interrupción de la gestación de manera urgente. Se obtuvo un recién nacido masculino con edad gestacional sugestiva de 32 sdg, con dificultad respiratoria y requirió hospitalización para monitoreo estrecho del recién nacido prematuro. Madre egresó a las 48 horas, nunca desarrolló datos de coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) y el recién nacido se mantuvo en hospitalización aproximadamente 3 semanas y media hasta que se egresó por adecuada adaptación. Nunca se demostró afectación neurológica o de algún otro órgano o sistema. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores más importantes al considerar el riesgo para el gemelo sobreviviente son la edad gestacional a la que ocurre la muerte del otro feto, y la corionicidad. El manejo debe incluir ecografías seriadas y programadas para el crecimiento. Estudios de Doppler arterial/venoso periférico e intracardiaco y una resonancia magnética al menos 3 semanas después de la muerte fetal para buscar cambios en el cerebro del gemelo sobreviviente. A pesar de que existen casos reportados de manejo conservador, es necesario el seguimiento estricto de datos de CID maternos, así como de desprendimiento prematuro de placenta normoinserta. (provisto por Infomedic International)


BACKGROUND: Multiple gestations suggest an increased risk of perinatal mortality. Within these statistics, death of a single twin occurs in up to 6% of multiple pregnancies. The overall incidence after 20 weeks gestation (sdg) is estimated to be between 2.6% and 6.2% of all such pregnancies. Chorionicity, rather than zygosity, has been shown to influence the outcome of this complication, due to the placental angioarchitecture of the circulations in monochorionic pregnancies. Loss rates of up to 30-50% have been associated with monochorionic and monoamniotic pregnancies. If it occurs before 14 sdg, the embryo may disappear; between 14 and 20 sdg, the fetus is reduced in size and volume. And, if it occurs after 20 sdg, the fetus remains inside the uterus until the end of gestation. CLINICAL CASE: 18-year-old female, who attended an obstetric check-up with an ultrasonographic report of a biamniotic monochorionic twin pregnancy of 30.4 sdg, and death of one of the twins. After demonstrating hemodynamic stability of the surviving fetus, as well as maternal stability, it was decided to hospitalize her for close monitoring. One week later she developed preterm labor and it was decided to terminate the pregnancy urgently. A male newborn was obtained with a gestational age suggestive of 32 sdg, with respiratory distress and required hospitalization for close monitoring of the premature newborn. Mother was discharged at 48 hours, never developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and the newborn remained in hospital for approximately 3 and a half weeks until he was discharged due to adequate adaptation. No neurologic or other organ or system involvement was ever demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: The most important factors when considering the risk to the surviving twin are the gestational age at which the death of the other fetus occurs, and chorionicity. Management should include serial and scheduled ultrasounds for growth. Peripheral arterial/venous and intracardiac Doppler studies and MRI at least 3 weeks after fetal death to look for changes in the brain of the surviving twin. Although there are case reports of conservative management, close monitoring of maternal DIC data, as well as normoinsert placental abruption, is necessary.     (provided by Infomedic International)

6.
Rev. Baiana Saúde Pública ; 48(1): 9-28, 20240426.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1555699

ABSTRACT

Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo analisar, a partir do referencial teórico da Análise Institucional, as informações sobre cuidados paliativos veiculadas nos programas da Rede Globo de televisão. A partir da busca no site Globoplay, foram identificados trinta vídeos relacionados ao assunto entre os anos de 2013 e 2020. Entre outros aspectos, foi observado o predomínio de informações divulgadas no mês de outubro, em programas locais da região sudoeste e presença dos profissionais de saúde como a principal fonte de consulta. A televisão se mostrou um importante dispositivo de divulgação de informações sobre cuidados paliativos com os mais variados sentidos, a saber: espiritualidade, alívio da dor e protagonismo dos sujeitos e seus familiares na busca por um processo de morrer com qualidade. Entretanto, nenhum vídeo citou o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o que demonstrou sua invisibilidade nesse meio. Recomenda-se que os meios de comunicação acelerem a divulgação do assunto e que enfatizem o SUS nos conteúdos divulgados.


This qualitative study analyzes the information on palliative care broadcasted by Rede Globo de Televisão's programs based on the theoretical framework of Institutional Analysis. A search on the "Globoplay" website retrieved 30 videos related to the subject between 2013 and 2020. Among other aspects, information was mainly broadcasted in the month of October and in local southwestern programs, having health professionals presented as their main source of information. Television proved to be an important device for disseminating information on palliative care aspects such as spirituality, pain relief and the role of patients and their families in the search for a quality dying process. However, no video mentioned the Unified Health System (SUS), showing its media invisibility. Media conglomerates should increase the dissemination of palliative care information, emphasizing the role played by the SUS.


Este estudio cualitativo tuvo por objetivo analizar, a partir del referencial teórico del Análisis Institucional, las informaciones transmitidas sobre cuidados paliativos en los programas de la Red Globo de Televisión. A partir de la búsqueda en el sitio web Globoplay se identificaron treinta videos relacionados con el tema entre los años 2013 y 2020. Se observó, entre otros aspectos, el predominio de informaciones difundidas en el mes de octubre y en programas locales de la región Suroeste, y los profesionales de la salud se presentaron como la principal fuente de información. La televisión demostró ser un importante dispositivo de difusión de información sobre los cuidados paliativos con los más variados sentidos, como la espiritualidad, el alivio del dolor y el papel de las personas y sus familias en la búsqueda de una muerte digna. Sin embargo, no se mencionó al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en ningún video, lo que lo invisibilizó en los medios. Se recomienda que los medios de comunicación avancen en la difusión sobre el tema y que se haga énfasis en el SUS en los contenidos difundidos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Right to Die
7.
Rev. méd. Panamá ; 44(1): 1-2, 30 de abril de 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1553162

ABSTRACT

El cáncer es un problema de salud de envergadura universal. Para el año 2018 hubo 18,1 millones de casos nuevos y 9,5 millones de muerte por cáncer en todo el mundo. Para el año 2040 se prevé que la cantidad de casos nuevos de cáncer por año aumentara a 29.5 millones y la cantidad de defunciones a 16.4 millones. (provisto por Infomedic International)


Cancer is a universal health problem. By 2018 there were 18.1 million new cases and 9.5 million cancer deaths worldwide. By 2040, the number of new cancer cases per year is projected to increase to 29.5 million and the number of deaths to 16.4 million. (provided by Infomedic International)

8.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 41(1): 13-19, ene.-mar. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558407

ABSTRACT

Resumen En Costa Rica, el Reglamento de la Autopsia Hospitalaria y Médico Legal establece que la autopsia médico legal es obligatoria para toda muerte súbita. La patología cardíaca es responsable aproximadamente del 80 % de las muertes súbitas que requieren una autopsia forense; el prolapso de la válvula mitral (degeneración mixomatosa de la válvula mitral) es una de las formas más comunes de valvulopatía cardíaca, es relativamente común (2%-3% de la población general), y a menudo se considera benigno, la tasa anual de muerte cardíaca súbita (MSC) en individuos con MVP (0,2%-0,4% /año) es aproximadamente el doble que el observado en la población general (0,1%-0,2% año).


Abstract In Costa Rica, the Hospital and Legal Autopsy Regulations establish that a legal medical autopsy is mandatory for all sudden deaths. Cardiac pathology is responsible for approximately 80% of sudden deaths requiring a forensic autopsy; Mitral valve prolapse (myxomatous mitral valve degeneration) is one of the most common forms of heart valve disease, is relatively common (2%-3% of the general population), and is often considered benign, the annual rate of Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in individuals with MVP (0.2%-0.4%/year) is approximately twice that observed in the general population (0.1%-0.2%/year).

9.
Rev. esp. med. legal ; 50(1): 3-13, Ene.-Mar. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229292

ABSTRACT

Introducción la disección/rotura de la aorta torácica tiene una alta mortalidad, constituyendo de 3,9 a 5,4% de las muertes súbitas en series forenses. Los hallazgos histopatológicos de la media asociados a estas entidades han recibido múltiples términos y definiciones. En 2016, la Asociación Europea de Patología Cardiovascular junto con la Sociedad de Patología Cardiovascular publicaron un documento de consenso, aplicado a muestras quirúrgicas, para unificar criterios. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar su aplicación en las autopsias forenses. Un objetivo secundario es estudiar cambios inflamatorios útiles para la datación. Material y métodos se revisaron las preparaciones histológicas de aorta de 54 casos de muertes súbitas por rotura/disección aórtica estudiados entre 2019 y 2022. Resultados se observó degeneración de la media en 49 casos (90,8%) (severa en 42,9%). Por lesiones, el orden de frecuencia fue: fragmentación y/o pérdida de las fibras elásticas (74,1%); acúmulo de matriz mucoide extracelular (61,1%); pérdida de núcleos de células musculares lisas (48,1%) y colapso de la media (44,4%). Algunas lesiones del documento no pudieron ser valoradas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas por edad; presencia o no de colagenopatías; o válvulas aórticas bi/tricúspides. Se observó tejido de granulación o infiltrado neutrofílico en los fallecidos con dolor de varios días o <24 h antes de la muerte, respectivamente. Conclusión con la aplicación del documento se encuentran lesiones en la media en >90% de los casos y pueden estudiarse las lesiones fundamentales. La respuesta inflamatoria frente a la rotura/disección parece correlacionarse con el momento de la disección/rotura. (AU)


Introduction Thoracic aortic dissection/rupture has a high mortality, constituting 3.9-5.4% of sudden deaths in forensic series. Medial histopathological findings associated with these entities have received multiple terms and definitions. In 2016, the European Association for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology published a consensus document, applied to surgical specimens, to unify criteria. The aim of this work is to assess its application in forensic autopsies. A secondary objective is to study inflammatory changes useful for dating. Material and methods Aortic histological preparations of the 54 cases of sudden deaths due to aortic rupture/dissection studied between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed. Results Medial degeneration was observed in 49 cases (90.8%) (severe in 42.9%). By lesions, the order of frequency was: fragmentation and/or loss of elastic fibers (74.1%); accumulation of extracellular mucoid matrix (61.1%); loss of smooth muscle cell nuclei (48.1%) and collapse of the media (44.4%). Some lesions of the consensus paper could not be assessed. No significant differences were found by age; presence or not of collagenopathies; or bi/tricuspid aortic valves. Granulation tissue or neutrophilic infiltrate was observed in those deceased with pain several days or <24 h before death, respectively. Conclusion With the application of the document, lesions in the media are found in >90% of cases and fundamental lesions can be studied. The inflammatory response to rupture/dissection appears to correlate with the timing of dissection/rupture. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Death, Sudden/etiology , Death, Sudden/pathology , /etiology , /pathology , Pathologists , Autopsy , Retrospective Studies
10.
Rev. esp. med. legal ; 50(1): 22-28, Ene.-Mar. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229294

ABSTRACT

Introducción la muerte súbita inexplicada en la epilepsia (MSIEP) es una causa importante de mortalidad en los pacientes epilépticos jóvenes; sin embargo, su existencia es poco conocida en el ámbito forense. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la frecuencia y características clínico-patológicas de la MSIEP en los epilépticos menores de 35 años. Métodos estudio observacional de todas MSIEP ocurridas en personas de 1-35 años en Bizkaia (periodo 1991-2021) y Sevilla (2004-2021) investigadas en los servicios de patología forense (SPF). Además, se examinaron las muertes por epilepsia de los registros de mortalidad. Resultados se registraron 101 muertes por epilepsia en los registros de mortalidad y 46 MSIEP en los SPF, representando el 6% de las muertes súbitas en esta edad. Se registró una alta frecuencia de casos de epilepsia postraumática (n = 5), o con anomalías cerebrales (n = 5) o asociadas a trastornos del desarrollo (n = 4) o retraso mental (n = 3). El estudio toxicológico fue positivo en el 75%, destacando la presencia de fármacos antiepilépticos (n = 26). Se detectaron drogas ilegales en 5 jóvenes, principalmente cocaína (n = 3). La muerte fue no presenciada en la mayoría de los sujetos (85%) y sucedió por la noche (n = 63%) durante el sueño. Conclusiones la MSIEP en los niños y los jóvenes es infrecuente, pero constituye una causa importante de mortalidad en los epilépticos. Aunque los mecanismos de la MSIEP no son bien conocidos, se recomienda reforzar el control médico de la epilepsia en la juventud, principalmente en los pacientes con epilepsia postraumática o posquirúrgica o en aquellos con trastornos del desarrollo o retraso mental asociados. (AU)


Introduction Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of mortality in young epileptic patients. The objective of the work is to analyze its frequency and clinical-pathological characteristics as a cause of sudden death in epileptics under 35 years of age. Methods Retrospective population study of all SUDEP in people aged 1–35 years in Bizkaia (period 1991–2021) and Seville (2004–2021) investigated in the Forensic Pathology Services (FPS). In each case, a complete autopsy was carried out with histopathological and toxicological studies, and review of clinical and circumstantial data. Data from the Mortality Registry for deaths by epilepsy were examined. Results 101 deaths due to epilepsy were registered in the Mortality Registries and 46 SUDEP cases in the FPS, representing 6% of forensic sudden deaths in this age population. A high frequency of post-traumatic epilepsy cases (n = 5), brain abnormalities (n = 5) or epilepsy associated to developmental disorders (n = 4) or mental retardation (n = 3) was observed. The toxicological analysis was positive in 75%, highlighting the presence of antiepileptic drugs (n = 26). Illegal drugs were detected in 5 young people, mainly cocaine (n = 3). Death was unwitnessed in most subjects (85%) and occurred at night (n = 63%) while sleeping. Conclusions SUDEP in children and young people is infrequent, however it is an important cause of mortality in epileptics. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, it is recommended to strengthen the medical control of epilepsy in youth, mainly in patients with post-traumatic or post-surgical epilepsy or in those who have associated developmental disorders or mental retardation. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , /epidemiology , Sudden Infant Death , Forensic Pathology , Epilepsy/mortality , Spain/epidemiology
11.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (60): 90-112, Mar. 2024.
Article in Portuguese | IBECS | ID: ibc-230474

ABSTRACT

Ci si è chiesti se la pandemia abbia modificato il modo in cui la morte e il morire vengano pensati. L’incontrollata diffusione del contagio e la mancanza di un’adeguata risposta organizzativa in termini di sanità pubblica ha determinato ben presto nelle TI una sproporzione tra domanda di assistenza (insufficienza respiratoria acuta) e risorse disponibili (personale formato, posti-letto, ventilatori meccanici). I clinici si sono così trovati nella condizione di dover decidere quali pazienti ammettere in TI e quali escludere. Sia in Italia che in Spagna si è fatto ricorso al triage: sono state elaborate alcune raccomandazioni che hanno destato perplessità e critiche nell’ambito medico ed etico-giuridico.(AU)


En aquest article es reflexiona sobre la forma en què la pandèmia derivada de la COVID-19 ha alterat determinats processos assistencials davant de la mort. La ràpida propagació incontrolada de la malaltia i la manca de resposta organitzativa en termes de salut pública aviat van conduir a una desproporció entre la demanda assistencial en cures intensives i els recursos humans imaterials per satisfer-la. En ocasions, els metges s'han vist en el dilema de decidir quins pacients tractar i quins excloure a les unitats de cures intensives. Tant a Espanya com a Itàlia s'ha fet servir el triatge i s'han publicat algunes recomanacions que han suscitat algunes crítiques en l'àmbit mèdic, ètic i legal. Es planteja el dubte de si aquestes mesures excepcionals es poden aplicar quan es recupera la normalitat sociosanitària.(AU)


En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la forma en que la pandemia derivada del COVID-19 ha alterado determinados procesos asistenciales frente a la muerte. La rápida propagación incontrolada de la enfermedad y la faltade respuesta organizativa en términos de salud pública pronto condujeron a una desproporción entre la demanda asistencial en cuidados intensivos y los recursos humanos y materiales para satisfacerla. En ocasiones, los médicos se han visto en el dilema de decidir qué pacientes tratar y cuales excluir en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Tanto en España como en Italia se ha usado el triaje y se han publicado algunas recomendaciones que han suscitado ciertas críticas en el ámbito médico, ético y legal. Se plantea el interrogante de que estas medidas excepcionales se puedan aplicar cuando se recupera la normalidad socio sanitaria.(AU)


This paper reflects on the way in which the pandemic derived from COVID-19 has altered certain care processes in the face of death. The rapid uncontrolled spread of the disease, and the lack of organizational response in terms of public health soon led to a disproportion between the demand for intensive care and the human and material resources to meet it. At times, doctors have been faced with the dilemma of deciding which patients to treat and which to exclude in intensive care units. Both in Spain and Italy triage has been used and some recommendations have been published that have provoked some criticism in the medical, ethical and legal field. The question arises whether these exceptional measures can be applied when socio-sanitary normality is restored.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Grief , /epidemiology , /mortality , Triage , Critical Care
12.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (60): 135-160, Mar. 2024.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230476

ABSTRACT

El objeto de este trabajo es contribuir al desarrollo conceptual de la categoría jurídica del cadáver en razón a la dificultad que representa la dualidad de sujeto–objeto y que eventualmente puede generar una desprotección al mismo. El estudio se limita a las legislaciones de España y Colombia, cuya regulación, además de estar estrechamente relacionada en sus orígenes, es similar en muchos aspectos. La hipótesis sostenida es que el cadáver es una sustancia corpórea que contiene información personal y en virtud de ello, la bioética se convierte en una fuente útil para su tratamiento y regulación.(AU)


L'objecte d'aquest treball és contribuir al desenvolupament conceptual de la categoria jurídica del cadàver en raó a la dificultat que representa la dualitat de subjecte–objectei que, eventualment, pot generar una des protecció a aquest. L'estudi es limita a les legislacions d'Espanya i Colòmbia, que a més d'estar estretament relacionada en els seus orígens, és similar en molts aspectes. La hipòtesi sostinguda és que el cadàver és una substància corpòria que conté informació personal i en virtut d'això, la bioètica es converteix en una font útil per al seu tractament i regulació.(AU)


The purpose of this work is to contribute to the conceptual development of the legal category of the corpse because of the difficulty represented by the duality of subject–object, which can eventually generate a lack of protection for the corpse. The study is limited to the legislation of Spain and Colombia, whose regulations, in addition to being closely related in their origins, are similar in many aspects. The hypothesis sustained is that the corpse is a corporeal substance that contains personal informationand by this, bioethics becomes a useful source of bioethical principles for its treatment and regulation.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cadaver , Death , Human Body , Bioethics , Spain , Colombia , Bioethical Issues
13.
Gac Sanit ; 2024 Mar 11.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472012

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the process of assisted death provision in Catalonia and identify the main tensions, difficulties, and/or sources of discomfort related to professional practice. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted based on interviews (n=29) and focus groups (n=19) with professionals who participated in the euthanasia process. The selection of participants combined the snowball and maximization of variability procedures, taking into account the variables of professional profile, setting, gender, age and territoriality. Intentional and theoretical sampling process. RESULTS: The assisted death process is divided into four main moments: 1) reception of the request, 2) medical-bureaucratic procedure, 3) the actual procedure, and 4) closure. At each of these moments, difficulties arise that can be a source of discomfort and have to do with the limits and tensions between the legal and moral, the conception of one's own professional role, the lack of recognition of some professional roles, stress and overload, the lack of formal and informal support, and the relationship with the patient and his/her family. The bureaucratic-administrative stress derived from a protective law, with both prior and subsequent verifying control, stands out, given that it stresses the professionals immersed in a healthcare system already under high pressure after budget cuts and the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the assisted death process, the sources of distress are diverse and of a psychological, psychosocial, and structural nature. These results may lead to interventions for psychological and peer support, information, training, institutional involvement, and burden reduction.

14.
Aten Primaria ; 56(9): 102895, 2024 Mar 26.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38537602

ABSTRACT

The entry into force of the Organic Law on the Regulation of Euthanasia in June 2021 obliges clinicians to reconsider their professional work, in the face of a new service that expands the limits of what was considered correct until then. This new service affects the entire healthcare system, but especially primary care professionals. Beyond the procedural and moral aspects, it is necessary to rethink the assessment of the patient who expresses a wish to die. In this review, we start with the relatively recent definition of the wish to hasten death (WTHD), its causes, epidemiology and differential diagnosis. Then, we examine the different mental frameworks found in the process of dying and the concept of a «good death¼. Finally, we analyse the paths that can lead to the provision of aid in dying within the framework of current legislation. The WTHD is specific to requests in case of «serious and advanced illness¼, not in other cases contemplated by the Law. When faced with a request to activate the Aid in Dying Prestation in the context of WTHD (that is, in the proximity of death), it becomes necessary to increase the patient's sense of control and begin to work on grief. Besides, in the face of an administrative process that will necessarily be long, adapting the therapeutic efforts and sedation should be considered as possible options. We understand that it is essential not to create false expectations for patients/families and not to overload healthcare professionals with administrative tasks that will be futile. It is difficult to balance these in the face of a request for a right to which the patient should always have access.

15.
Medisur ; 22(1)feb. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558547

ABSTRACT

Fundamento la placenta humana es un misterio. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico cobra importancia en la búsqueda de factores en los que se pueda trabajar para evitar las muertes fetales. Objetivo determinar las alteraciones macroscópicas y microscópicas de la placenta y sus anejos en especímenes procedentes de muertes fetales. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y trasversal, en el Hospital Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, de Cienfuegos, en el período comprendido entre 2021 y 2023. Fueron analizadas 58 placentas y sus anejos, recibidos en el departamento de Anatomía Patológica. Se estudiaron las alteraciones macroscópicas y microscópicas de la placenta. Resultados tuvieron mayor representación las placentas y cordones anormalmente pequeños (24,14 % y 63,79 % respectivamente); la inserción marginal del cordón (36,21 %), las rupturas, las torciones (8,62 %), los quistes (6,90 %), el edema (77,59 %), la necrosis fibrinoide (72,41%), las vellosidades inmaduras, la villitis (43,10 %), el excesivo número de nudos sincitiales (3,48 %), la esclerosis fibromuscular (20,69 %), la presencia de fibrina (82,76 %), la funisitis (29,31%), la esclerosis fibromuscular (20,69 %) y la corioamnionitis (31,03 %). Conclusiones los resultados evidenciaron predominio de las alteraciones microscópicas, como son la fibrina, la necrosis fibrinoide y el edema. Teniendo en cuenta estos factores, se podrán tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar una muerte fetal.


Foundation the human placenta is a mystery. The anatomopathological diagnosis becomes important in the search for factors that can be worked on to avoid fetal deaths. Objective to determine the macroscopic and microscopic alterations of the placenta and its annexes in specimens from fetal deaths. Methods a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Hospital, in Cienfuegos, from 2021 to 2023. 58 placentas and their annexes, received in the Pathological Anatomy Department, were analyzed. Macroscopic and microscopic alterations of the placenta were studied. Results abnormally small placentas and cords were more represented (24.14 % and 63.79 % respectively); marginal cord insertion (36.21 %), ruptures, twists (8.62 %), cysts (6.90 %), edema (77.59 %), fibrinoid necrosis (72.41 %), immature villi, villitis (43.10 %), excessive number of syncytial knots (3.48 %), fibromuscular sclerosis (20.69 %), the presence of fibrin (82.76%), funisitis (29.31 %), fibromuscular sclerosis (20.69 %) and chorioamnionitis (31.03 %). Conclusions the results showed a predominance of microscopic alterations, such as fibrin, fibrinoid necrosis and edema. Taking these factors into account, the necessary measures can be taken to avoid fetal death.

16.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 100(2): 97-103, Feb. 2024. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230283

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los cuidados al final de la vida (CFV) son una parte fundamental de la asistencia al recién nacido ingresado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal (UCIN). El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar cómo se implementan los CFV en UCIN de Iberoamérica. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 2022 mediante encuesta vía correo electrónico y redes oficiales de SIBEN a profesionales de enfermería de UCIN de países de Iberoamérica, sobre aspectos relacionados con los CFV. Recolección y análisis de datos con REDCap y STATA 14.0. Resultados: Obtuvimos 400 respuestas de enfermeros/as de 11 países, el 73% procedentes de hospitales terciarios. El 86% de los respondedores eran responsables directos de brindar CFV, si bien un 48% dijeron no haber recibido formación. Solo 67 (17%) afirmaron que la UCIN en la que trabajan cuenta con un protocolo. Las acciones que se implementan durante los CFV fueron infrecuentes (≤50%) en todos los ítems explorados y muy poco frecuentes (<20%) en permitir el acceso libre de familiares, contar con privacidad, brindar asistencia psicológica, registrar el proceso en la historia clínica, asistir con los procesos burocráticos u otorgar un plan de seguimiento para el duelo. Conclusión: La mayoría de los profesionales de enfermería encuestados eran responsables directos de proveer CFV, pero no contaban con protocolos, no habían recibido capacitación y consideraron que los CFV podrían mejorarse significativamente. Las estrategias para los CFV en la región iberoamericana requieren ser optimizadas.(AU)


Introduction: End-of-life care (ELC) represents a quality milestone in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The objective of this study was to explore how ELC are carried out in NICUs in Iberoamerica. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in 2022 through the administration of an anonymous survey sent to neonatal nursing professionals. The survey included general data and work activity data; existence and contents of ELC protocols in the NICU and training received. The survey was distributed by email and published on official SIBEN social networks. REDCap and STATA 14.0 software were used for data collection and analysis. Results: We obtained 400 responses from nurses from 11 countries, 73% working in third level hospitals. A percentage of 86 of the respondents are directly responsible for providing ELC, although 48% of them said they had not received training on this subject. Only 67 (17%) state that the NICU in which they work has a protocol that establishes a strategy for performing the ELC. Finally, the actions that are implemented during the ELC are globally infrequent (≤50%) in all the items explored and very infrequent (<20%) in relation to allowing free access to family members, having privacy, providing psychological assistance, register the process in the medical record, assist with bureaucratic processes or grant a follow-up plan for grief. Conclusion: Most of the nursing professionals surveyed are directly responsible for this care, do not have protocols, have not received training, and consider that the ELC could be significantly improved. Strategies for ELCs in the Ibero-American region need to be optimized.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Terminal Care , Nursing Care , Nurses, Pediatric , Pediatrics , Nursing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Infant Mortality
17.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 56(2): [102782], Feb. 2024. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230388

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo fue desarrollar un cribado de detección de cardiopatías en atención primaria, para identificar alteraciones electrocardiográficas patológicas y cardiopatías subyacentes en adolescentes. Diseño: Durante un año se realizó el estudio mediante muestreo polietápico. Lugar: Se seleccionaron los centros asistenciales de atención primaria en un área de salud, que dispusieran de equipo de electrocardiograma (ECG) digital (12 centros). Participantes: Inicialmente, se reclutó a 718 (16,6%) adolescentes de 14 años y se excluyeron a los que tenían un diagnóstico de cardiopatía previo. Intervención: El cribado consistió en incluir en la revisión obligatoria de los 14 años un cuestionario de salud y un ECG. Principales medidas: Para el cribado se realizó cuestionario, auscultación cardíaca, ECG y ecocardiografía. Se establecieron criterios de anormalidad para remitir a una segunda valoración por un cardiólogo. Resultados: Finalmente la muestra la componen 698 adolescentes, con una edad media de 13,7± 0,5 años, de los cuales 354 (50,7%) fueron chicos. Fueron seleccionados 149 (21,3%) para la segunda revisión por cardiología: 88 (12,6%) por cuestionario positivo, 11 (2,2%) por auscultación cardíaca anormal y 66 (9,5%) por hallazgos en ECG. Los adolescentes con evidencia de cardiopatía fueron 24 (3,4%). De ellos, 14 (2,0%) tuvieron alteraciones sugestivas y se les recomendó seguimiento, 6 (0,9%) tuvieron diagnóstico definitivo de cardiopatía y 4 (0,6%) tenían otros hallazgos patológicos relacionados con el sistema cardiovascular. Conclusiones: El cribado permitió identificar un 1% de adolescentes con cardiopatía y otro 2% permanecerá en seguimiento. El ECG detectó más casos patológicos que el cuestionario.(AU)


Objective: The objective was to develop a screening for heart disease detection in primary care, to identify pathological electrocardiographic changes and underlying heart disease in adolescents. Design: The study was carried out for one year using multistage sampling. Site: Primary care centers in a health area that had digital ECG equipment (12 centers) were selected. Participants: Initially, 718 (16.6%) 14-year-old adolescents were recruited and those with a previous diagnosis of heart disease were excluded. Interventions: Screening consisted of including a health questionnaire in the mandatory 14-year-old check-up. Main measurements: Screening included a questionnaire, cardiac auscultation, ECG and echocardiography. Abnormality criteria were established to refer for a second evaluation by a cardiologist. Results: Finally, the sample was made up of 698 adolescents, with a mean age of 13.7±0.5 years, and 354 (50.7%) were boys. A total of 149 (21.3%) were selected for a second review by cardiology: 88 (12.6%) due to a positive questionnaire, 11 (2.2%) due to abnormal cardiac auscultation, and 66 (9.5%) due to ECG findings. Adolescents with evidence of heart disease were 24 (3.4%). Of these, 14 (2.0%) had suggestive alterations and follow-up was recommended, 6 (0.9%) had a definitive diagnosis of heart disease, and 4 (0.6%) had other pathological findings related to the cardiovascular system. Conclusions: The screening allowed us to identify 1% of adolescents with heart disease and another 2% will remain in follow-up. The ECG detected more pathological cases than the questionnaire.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Heart Diseases , Primary Health Care , Electrocardiography , Mass Screening , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Prospective Studies , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires
18.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 224(1): 1-9, ene. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229906

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Nos proponemos investigar la relación entre las fortalezas sistémicas y el lugar de muerte en atención domiciliaria de pacientes en final de vida. Método Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo longitudinal de pacientes atendidos por un equipo domiciliario de cuidados paliativos. Se analizó la ubicación de la muerte en relación con la complejidad detectada tras la primera valoración domiciliaria usando el modelo de complejidad HexCom. Para la comparación de proporciones utilizamos la prueba de ji cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados Participaron 464 pacientes (74,4% oncológicos), edad media 76,2años (DE: 13,2). El 53% presentaban dependencia funcional total o severa, el 30,8% estaban ya encamados en la primera valoración y el 59,7% fallecieron en domicilio. Las fortalezas influyen en el lugar de muerte, sobre todo la fortaleza del exosistema (equipo) (OR: 4,07 [1,92-8,63]), la del microsistema (tanto la fortaleza del paciente (0,51 [0,28-0,94]) como de cuidador (OR: 3,90 [1,48-10,25]), y la del cronosistema, relativo a la previsión de un curso progresivo (OR: 2,22 [1,37-3,60]). Conclusiones Para mejorar la asistencia a los pacientes en situación de final de vida y sus familias es necesaria una mirada sistémica del morir y de la muerte que incluya tanto necesidades como fortalezas. En este sentido, el marco sistémico propuesto por Bonfrenbrenner puede ser de utilidad para la práctica clínica. (AU)


Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between systemic strengths and complexity in home care of end-of-life patients. Methods Quantitative descriptive longitudinal study of patients cared for at home by a palliative care team. Place of death was analyzed in relation to complexity, as determined by the HexCom complexity model after the initial home assessment. We used Pearson's chi-square test to analyze the comparison of proportions. Results Forty-six hundred patients (74.4% oncologic) with a mean age of 76.2years (SD 13.2) participated. Fifty-three percent had complete or severe functional dependence, 30.8% were already bedridden in the first assessment, and 59.7% died at home. Strengths influenced place of death, specifically exosystem (team) strength (OR: 4.07 [1.92-8.63]), microsystem (both patient 0.51 [0.28-0.94]) and caregiver (OR: 3.90 [1.48-10.25]), and chronosystem, related to prediction of progressive course (OR: 2.22 [1.37-3.60]). Conclusions To improve care for end-of-life patients and their families, a systemic view of dying and death that includes both needs and strengths is necessary. In this sense, the systemic framework proposed by Bonfrenbrenner can be useful for clinical practice. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Hospice Care , Home Care Services , Needs Assessment , Longitudinal Studies , Evaluation Studies as Topic
19.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 224(1): 35-42, ene. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229910

ABSTRACT

Introducción Durante la pandemia de COVID se especuló que los pacientes con el virus que tenían relación con el tabaco podrían tener una menor probabilidad de agravamiento de la enfermedad o muerte. Para evaluar si existe una asociación entre el tabaquismo y el riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria se utiliza la tecnología de Big Data y Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (PLN) de SAVANA. Método Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, observacional y sin intervención basado en datos de vida real extraídos de registros médicos de toda Castilla-La Mancha utilizando las técnicas de PLN e inteligencia artificial desarrolladas por SAVANA. El estudio abarcó toda la población de esta Comunidad con historia clínica electrónica en SESCAM que presentara diagnóstico de COVID desde el 1 de marzo de 2020 al 28 de febrero de 2021. Resultados Los fumadores tienen mayor porcentaje de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión arterial, dislipemia y diabetes), EPOC, asma, EPID, CI, ECV, TEP, cáncer en general y cáncer de pulmón en particular, bronquiectasias, insuficiencia cardíaca y antecedentes de neumonía, de forma significativa (p<0,0001). Los pacientes exfumadores, fumadores y no fumadores tienen una diferencia de edad significativa. En cuanto a las muertes hospitalarias, fueron más frecuentes en el caso de los exfumadores, siguiendo los fumadores y luego los no fumadores (p<0,0001). Conclusión Existe un mayor riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en los pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2 que sean fumadores activos o hayan fumado en el pasado. (AU)


Introduction During the COVID pandemic, it was speculated that patients with the virus who were smoking-related might have a lower likelihood of disease exacerbation or death. To assess whether there is an association between smoking and risk of in-hospital mortality, SAVANA's big data and natural language processing (NLP) technology is used. Method A retrospective, observational, non-interventional cohort study was conducted based on real-life data extracted from medical records throughout Castilla-La Mancha using natural language processing and artificial intelligence techniques developed by SAVANA. The study covered the entire population of this region with Electronic Medical Records in SESCAM presenting with a diagnosis of COVID from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. Results Smokers had a significantly higher percentage of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes), COPD, asthma, IDP, IC, CVD, PTE, cancer in general and lung cancer in particular, bronchiectasis, heart failure and a history of pneumonia (P<.0001). Former smokers, current smokers and non-smokers have a significant age difference. As for in-hospital deaths, they were more frequent in the case of ex-smokers, followed by smokers and then non-smokers (P<.0001). Conclusion There is an increased risk of dying in hospital in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients who are active smokers or have smoked in the past. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Nicotiana , Mortality , Big Data , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies
20.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 224(1): 1-9, ene. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-524

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Nos proponemos investigar la relación entre las fortalezas sistémicas y el lugar de muerte en atención domiciliaria de pacientes en final de vida. Método Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo longitudinal de pacientes atendidos por un equipo domiciliario de cuidados paliativos. Se analizó la ubicación de la muerte en relación con la complejidad detectada tras la primera valoración domiciliaria usando el modelo de complejidad HexCom. Para la comparación de proporciones utilizamos la prueba de ji cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados Participaron 464 pacientes (74,4% oncológicos), edad media 76,2años (DE: 13,2). El 53% presentaban dependencia funcional total o severa, el 30,8% estaban ya encamados en la primera valoración y el 59,7% fallecieron en domicilio. Las fortalezas influyen en el lugar de muerte, sobre todo la fortaleza del exosistema (equipo) (OR: 4,07 [1,92-8,63]), la del microsistema (tanto la fortaleza del paciente (0,51 [0,28-0,94]) como de cuidador (OR: 3,90 [1,48-10,25]), y la del cronosistema, relativo a la previsión de un curso progresivo (OR: 2,22 [1,37-3,60]). Conclusiones Para mejorar la asistencia a los pacientes en situación de final de vida y sus familias es necesaria una mirada sistémica del morir y de la muerte que incluya tanto necesidades como fortalezas. En este sentido, el marco sistémico propuesto por Bonfrenbrenner puede ser de utilidad para la práctica clínica. (AU)


Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between systemic strengths and complexity in home care of end-of-life patients. Methods Quantitative descriptive longitudinal study of patients cared for at home by a palliative care team. Place of death was analyzed in relation to complexity, as determined by the HexCom complexity model after the initial home assessment. We used Pearson's chi-square test to analyze the comparison of proportions. Results Forty-six hundred patients (74.4% oncologic) with a mean age of 76.2years (SD 13.2) participated. Fifty-three percent had complete or severe functional dependence, 30.8% were already bedridden in the first assessment, and 59.7% died at home. Strengths influenced place of death, specifically exosystem (team) strength (OR: 4.07 [1.92-8.63]), microsystem (both patient 0.51 [0.28-0.94]) and caregiver (OR: 3.90 [1.48-10.25]), and chronosystem, related to prediction of progressive course (OR: 2.22 [1.37-3.60]). Conclusions To improve care for end-of-life patients and their families, a systemic view of dying and death that includes both needs and strengths is necessary. In this sense, the systemic framework proposed by Bonfrenbrenner can be useful for clinical practice. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Hospice Care , Home Care Services , Needs Assessment , Longitudinal Studies , Evaluation Studies as Topic
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