ABSTRACT
Dexmedetomidine,a medetomidine D-isomer,is an α2-adrenoceptor agonist with protent sedetation,analgesia and antianxiety effects.It can reduce sympathetic nerve reflex induced by operation and anesthesia,stabilize hemodynamic condition,and exert no inhibition of central respiratory system.Intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine is a commonly used route of administration,mainly for perioperative anesthesia and ICU sedation.Unfortunately,intravenous injection of dexmedetomide is invasive,thus it is not recommended for children.Compared with intravenous medication,non-intravenous use indicates slow but stable onset and wider range of safety,which has good anesthetic effect in perioperative patients or those outside the operating room,especially pediatric patients.Dexmedetomidine by nasal dripping is absorbed into the blood through nasal mucosa,which has immediate effect and high bioavailability.Colorless and tasteless dexmedetomidine provides less nasal mucosa irritation and has good tolerance.This article aims to update and review the safety and effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine in pediatric general anaesthesia.
