Real-Life Prognosis of Sinonasal Tumors.

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal cancer represents a challenging disease because of its difficult diagnosis and different histology. Despite a multidisciplinary evaluation and treatments, a poor prognosis is still present. We retrospectively analyzed patients with sinonasal cancer treated in our institution, paying attention to histology and real-life prognosis. METHODS: A total of 51 consecutive patients were included in the study. Clinical features were described. Overall, disease-free, and disease-specific survival (OS, DFS, DSS) according to histology were calculated. Kaplan-Meyer estimator curves were reported. RESULTS: The most prevalent primary tumor was squamous cell carcinoma, followed by adenocarcinoma. Global 2- and 5-year OS was 68.80% and 54.58%, respectively. Global 2- and 5-year DFS was 48.53% and 29.56%, while global 2- and 5-year DSS was 82.86% and 74.57%, respectively. The median OS was 74 and 43 months for early- and late-stage cancer, respectively. The Cox multivariate regression analysis did not reveal any statistically significant effects of age, stage, or histology on survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis is often late and the prognosis poor. An appropriate treatment, which is always quite multimodal, allows us to achieve a global 5-year OS slightly higher than 50%. An adequate diagnosis to increase the percentage of early-stage tumors is mandatory to improve prognosis.

A Clinical Study of Malignant Sino-Nasal Tumors.

The sino-nasal cavities represent an anatomical region affected by a variety of tumors with clinical, etiological, genetic and pathological features, which are distinct from tumors commonly encountered in the area of head and neck cancers. We have undertaken this study with the aim of assessing clinical profile, various treatment modalities and outcome of patients with malignant sino-nasal tumors. In this prospective study of two years, done in a rural tertiary care hospital of India, 40 patients with malignant neoplastic tumors of nasal cavity, sinuses and nasopharynx were analyzed for their clinic-pathological and radiological profile and surgical management. The age range found was 10-78 years. There was a significant male preponderance with 23 (57.5%) male patients. Most common histological type seen in our study was Squamous cell carcinoma amongst 32 (80%) of cases. Maximum number of patients were managed with combination therapy of Surgery and Radiotherapy i.e. in 21 patients (52.5%). Multimodality treatment has been deemed the most efficacious choice of treatment which would improve disease free survival for the patients.

Update in Veterinary Radiation Oncology: Focus on Stereotactic Radiation Therapy.

Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) involves the precise delivery of highly conformal, dose-intense radiation to well-demarcated tumors. Special equipment and expertise are needed, and a unique biological mechanism distinguishes SRT from other forms of external beam radiotherapy. Families find the convenient schedules and minimal acute toxicity of SRT appealing. Common indications in veterinary oncology include nasal, brain, and bone tumors. Many other solid tumors can also be treated, including spinal, oral, lung, heart-base, liver, adrenal, and prostatic malignancies. Accessibility of SRT is improving, and new data are constantly emerging to define parameters for appropriate case selection, radiation dose prescription, and long-term follow-up.

A Rare Case of Solitary Fibrosus Tumor (SFT) of the Nasal Septum.

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that usually arises from the pleura but can also occur in extrapleural sites, such as the sinonasal region. It causes aspecific symptoms, including nasal obstruction and discharge, postnasal drip, anosmia, epistaxis, and headache. It may be difficult to distinguish these symptoms from those caused by other mesenchymal lesions that usually occur in this site, especially when the tissues undergo iatrogenic damage following surgical removal. Case Report: This case report shows a rare right nasal septal solitary fibrous tumor, which was surgically removed using a trans-nasal endoscopic technique. For the first time, the mass was decomposed by a plasma blade, and the implant site was treated by performing a subperiosteal removal of septal mucosa and cartilage. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor. Follow-up at three, six, and twelve months showed no signs of relapse. Conclusions: Sinonasal SFT is unusual, and it may be difficult to distinguish it from other mesenchymal lesions in this site. In the literature, cases treated with CO2 laser are usually described; however, due to the high cutting temperatures, this can cause thermal damage of the tissues, making histopathological diagnosis difficult. The plasma blade uses pulsed radiofrequency, creating an effective cutting edge while the blade stays near body temperature. Therefore, this device results in atraumatic, scalpel-like cutting sensitivity and electrosurgical-like hemostasis, with minimal bleeding and tissue injury. Its use could, therefore, help both the surgeon in obtaining surgical radicality and the pathologist in the correct histologic classification.

A retrospective study of sinonasal tumors in 182 dogs treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (3 × 10 Gy) (2010-2015).

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is an emerging treatment for sinonasal tumors in dogs. Reported results regarding tumor control and incidence of acute and late radiation morbidities are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To determine treatment efficacy and prognostic indicators of SRT in dogs with sinonasal tumors and to quantify acute and late radiation morbidities. ANIMALS: One hundred and eighty-two client-owned dogs with sinonasal tumors diagnosed cytologically, histologically, or radiographically that underwent SRT. METHODS: Single-arm retrospective study by reviewing medical records of dogs treated with SRT (10 Gy × 3) between 2010 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine overall survival (OST; from the first day of SRT to death by any cause) and disease-specific survival times (DSST; OST but censoring tumor/treatment-unrelated death). Tumors were staged using modified Adams criteria. RESULTS: Median OST and DSST of dogs treated with 1 course of SRT was 441 (95% CI: 389-493 days) and 482 (428-536 days) days, respectively with skin/oral cavity acute morbidities observed in 3% of dogs. DSST in dogs with stage 4 disease showed no statistical difference compared to other stages (P = .64). Oro-nasal (n = 2) or naso-cutaneous (n = 11) fistula development occurred in 7.1% of dogs with median time of 425 days (range: 83-1733 days). Possible chronic rhinitis after SRT was recorded in 54 of 88 dogs (61%) where information was available. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results are comparable to other reports of treatment of SRT. Acute morbidities were minimal. Modified Adams stage scheme appeared to be inappropriate for prognostication for dogs with sinonasal tumors treated with SRT.

Updating the biologically based dose-response model for the nasal carcinogenicity of inhaled formaldehyde in the F344 rat.

Chronic inhalation of formaldehyde by F344 rats causes nasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This outcome is well-characterized: including dose-response and time course data for SCC, mechanistic endpoints, and nasal dosimetry. Conolly et al. (Toxicol. Sci. 75, 432-447, 2003) used these resources to develop a biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model for SCC in F344 rats. This model, scaled up to humans, has informed dose-response conclusions reached by several international regulatory agencies. However, USEPA concluded that uncertainties precluded its use for cancer risk assessment. Here, we describe an updated BBDR model that addresses uncertainties through refined dosimetry modeling, revised analysis of labeling index data, and an extended dataset where both inhaled (exogenous) and endogenous formaldehyde (exogF, endoF) form DNA adducts. Further, since Conolly et al. (ibid) was published, it has become clear that, when controls from all F344 inhalation bioassays are considered, accounting for over 4000 rats, at most one nasal SCC occurred. This low spontaneous incidence constrains possible contribution of endoF to the formation of nasal SCC via DNA reactivity. Further, since both exogF and endoF form DNA adducts, this constraint also applies to exogF. The revised BBDR model therefore drives SCC formation through the cytotoxicity of high concentration exogF. An option for direct mutagenicity associated with DNA adducts is retained to allow estimation of an upper bound on adduct mutagenicity consistent with the lack of a spontaneous SCC incidence. These updates represent an iterative refinement of the 2003 model, incorporating new data and insights to reduce identified model uncertainties.

Reconstrucción nasal de lesiones oncológicas. Presentación de dos casos

Se realizó un informe de casos con el objetivo de mostrar la reconstrucción de dos pacientes operados con diagnóstico de carcinoma basocelular en ala nasal, donde se observó la evolución según la modalidad terapéutica empleada tras la resección del tumor. En ambos pacientes se logró la funcionalidad y estética deseadas, con una remoción completa del tumor y garantizando calidad de vida, lo cual es objetivo primordial de la oncología moderna. En pacientes con carcinomas basocelulares la cirugía continúa siendo la mejor opción, con la utilización de colgajos cutáneos para la reparación del defecto, no obstante, debido a sus características, la nariz supone un desafío quirúrgico. No existe un colgajo ideal, se trata de un proceder individualizado, para cada paciente debe planificarse la opción reconstructiva acorde a sus características propias, así como a las del defecto quirúrgico residual.

A case report was made with the aim of showing the reconstruction surgery of two patients with a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma in nasal ala, in which the evolution was observed according to the therapeutic modality used after tumor resection. In both patients, the functionality and esthetics objectives were achieved, with the completed resection of tumor and with the guarantee of a good quality of life, which is the high priority of modern oncology. In patients with basal cell carcinoma, surgery continues to be the best option with the use of skin flaps to repair the nasal defect; however, due to its characteristics, nasal surgery is a surgical challenge. There is no ideal flap, it is an individualized procedure, and the reconstructive option must be planned according to each patient and their own characteristics, as well as those concerning the residual surgical defect.

Foi feito um relato de caso com o objetivo de mostrar a reconstrução de dois pacientes operados com diagnóstico de carcinoma basocelular em asa nasal, onde foi observada a evolução de acordo com a modalidade terapêutica utilizada após a ressecção do tumor. Em ambos os pacientes, a funcionalidade e estética desejadas foram alcançadas, com remoção completa do tumor e garantia de qualidade de vida, objetivo primordial da oncologia moderna. Nos pacientes com carcinomas basocelulares, a cirurgia continua sendo a melhor opção, com a utilização de retalhos cutâneos para correção do defeito, porém, por suas características, o nariz é um desafio cirúrgico. Não existe retalho ideal, é um procedimento individualizado, para cada paciente a opção reconstrutiva deve ser planejada de acordo com suas características, bem como as do defeito cirúrgico residual.

Noninvasive Thermographic Photographing as an Assessment of the State of Discomfort in a Dog Receiving Radiation Therapy.

In humans, radiation induces dilation of capillaries and inflammatory reactions to raise skin temperature. Thermography is used to detect abnormalities after radiation therapy (RT). However, in veterinary nursing, objective evaluation of the condition of dogs after RT using thermography has not been reported. We investigated the nasal irradiation temperature, behavioral changes, and post-irradiation pain scores in a dog receiving RT for intranasal tumors. The temperature of the nasal planum gradually increased after irradiation, reaching a significantly higher value at 120-240 min. The highest temperature was 42.3 °C and the average temperature increased by 4.4 °C. Behavioral analysis pre- and post-RT did not vary significantly. Post-RT pain levels evaluated by the pain scale ranged from 0 to 1 throughout. No veterinary treatment was provided. In humans, increased skin temperature after radiation causes psychological stress, i.e., pain and discomfort, but no such behavioral changes were observed in this case. Given individual differences in stress-related behaviors, such as pain and discomfort, assessing a dog's painfulness using only subjective methods, such as appearance and behavioral evaluation, is limited. We used thermography to assess changes in conditions not detectable by routine monitoring alone. This method is non-invasive, objective, and indispensable for providing appropriate care.

An updated mode of action and human relevance framework evaluation for Formaldehyde-Related nasal tumors.

Formaldehyde is a reactive aldehyde naturally present in all plant and animal tissues and a critical component of the one-carbon metabolism pathway. It is also a high production volume chemical used in the manufacture of numerous products. Formaldehyde is also one of the most well-studied chemicals with respect to environmental fate, biology, and toxicology-including carcinogenic potential, and mode of action (MOA). In 2006, a published MOA for formaldehyde-induced nasal tumors in rats concluded that nasal tumors were most likely driven by cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation, with possible contributions from direct genotoxicity. In the past 15 years, new research has better informed the MOA with the publication of in vivo genotoxicity assays, toxicogenomic analyses, and development of ultra-sensitive methods to measure endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde-induced DNA adducts. Herein, we review and update the MOA for nasal tumors, with particular emphasis on the numerous studies published since 2006. These new studies further underscore the involvement of cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation, and further inform the genotoxic potential of inhaled formaldehyde. The data lend additional support for the use of mechanistic data for the derivation of toxicity criteria and/or scientifically supported approaches for low-dose extrapolation for the risk assessment of formaldehyde.

Update in Veterinary Radiation Oncology: Focus on Stereotactic Radiation Therapy.

Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) involves the precise delivery of highly conformal, dose-intense radiation to well-demarcated tumors. Special equipment and expertise are needed, and a unique biological mechanism distinguishes SRT from other forms of external beam radiotherapy. Families find the convenient schedules and minimal acute toxicity of SRT appealing. Common indications in veterinary oncology include nasal, brain, and bone tumors. Many other solid tumors can also be treated, including spinal, oral, lung, heart-base, liver, adrenal, and prostatic malignancies. Accessibility of SRT is improving, and new data are constantly emerging to define parameters for appropriate case selection, radiation dose prescription, and long-term follow-up."

Tumores nasales congénitos de la linea media / Congenital nasal tumors of the midline in ENT

Las masas nasales congénitas de la línea media se presentan con una frecuencia muy baja ­1/20.000 a 1/40.000 nacidos vivos­. Se trata de hallazgos asintomáticos en el recién nacido y son resultado de anomalías congénitas del desarrollo embrionario, que suelen aparecer como masas en la línea media nasal en un punto cualquiera entre glabela y columela. Estas tumoraciones presentan un riesgo elevado de extensión al sistema nervioso central, lo que es especialmente importante tener en cuenta para prevenir consecuencias tales como la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y/o la aparición de meningitis recidivante. Existen gran cantidad de tumores nasales de la línea media que aparecen en el recién nacido o en el lactante y que constituyen diagnósticos diferenciales de las lesiones congénitas antes descriptas. Describiremos brevemente los más frecuentes según nuestra experiencia. AU

Congenital nasal masses of the midline are very rare ­ 1/20,000 to 1/40,000 live births ­. Nasal tumors are asymptomatic findings in the neonate and are caused by congenital abnormalities during fetal development, usually appearing at the nasal midline between the glabella and columella. These tumors are associated with a high risk of extension to the central nervous system; therefore, it is especially important to prevent the development of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula and/or recurrent meningitis. There is a large number of nasal tumors of the midline in neonates or infants in the differential diagnosis of the above-described congenital lesion. Here we briefly describe the most common nasal tumors seen at our department. AU

A comparison of two dose calculation algorithms-anisotropic analytical algorithm and Acuros XB-for radiation therapy planning of canine intranasal tumors.

Although anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB) are both radiation dose calculation algorithms that take into account the heterogeneity within the radiation field, Acuros XB is inherently more accurate. The purpose of this retrospective method comparison study was to compare them and evaluate the dose discrepancy within the planning target volume (PTV). Radiation therapy (RT) plans of 11 dogs with intranasal tumors treated by radiation therapy at the University of Georgia were evaluated. All dogs were planned for intensity-modulated radiation therapy using nine coplanar X-ray beams that were equally spaced, then dose calculated with anisotropic analytical algorithm. The same plan with the same monitor units was then recalculated using Acuros XB for comparisons. Each dog's planning target volume was separated into air, bone, and tissue and evaluated. The mean dose to the planning target volume estimated by Acuros XB was 1.3% lower. It was 1.4% higher for air, 3.7% lower for bone, and 0.9% lower for tissue. The volume of planning target volume covered by the prescribed dose decreased by 21% when Acuros XB was used due to increased dose heterogeneity within the planning target volume. Anisotropic analytical algorithm relatively underestimates the dose heterogeneity and relatively overestimates the dose to the bone and tissue within the planning target volume for the radiation therapy planning of canine intranasal tumors. This can be clinically significant especially if the tumor cells are present within the bone, because it may result in relative underdosing of the tumor.

Local control and intermediate-term cosmetic outcome following IMRT for nasal tumors : An update.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate local control and intermediate-term cosmetic outcome in patients with cancer of the nose treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS: From June 2008 to September 2015, 36 consecutive patients presenting with nasal cavity, ala of the nose, or nasal vestibule tumors were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich either postoperatively (n = 14; 3/14 with nasal ablation) or with definitive IMRT (n = 22). Of these 36 patients, 8 presented with recurrent disease after surgery only and 1/36 with N1 disease. Concurrent systemic therapy was administered in 18/36 patients (50%). Nasal follow-up (FU) imaging documentation of 13 patients with preserved organ and >6 months FU offers a pre/post IMRT FU comparison. In addition, these patients' subjective evaluation of cosmesis was assessed. RESULTS: Mean/median FU was 41/33 months (range 5-92 months). Salvage ablation with curative intent was undergone by 3 patients with local relapse after definitive (n = 2) and postoperative (n = 1) IMRT. The 3­year local control, ultimate local control, and overall survival rates were 90, 97, and 90 %, respectively. Subjective and objective cosmetic outcome after IMRT is very satisfying so far. CONCLUSION: IMRT for nasal tumors was found to be effective and well tolerated. Intermediate-term cosmetic results are good. Radical surgical procedures may be saved for curative salvage treatment.

Reconstrução nasal total: uso da "técnica em sanduíche" durante a residência / Total nasal reconstruction: use of the "sandwich technique" during residency

Introdução: Um dos locais mais comuns para o surgimento de câncer de pele é o nariz e, devido à sua distinta estruturação em três dimensões, a reconstrução do suporte da ponta nasal apresenta-se como um desafio para os cirurgiões plásticos. Métodos: Este artigo apresenta uma das opções de reconstrução nasal total utilizando como recursos o retalho frontal bilateral e o enxerto de cartilagem auricular bilateral em bloco. Apresentamos um relato do uso da "técnica em sanduíche", constituída por dois retalhos frontais intercalados pelas cartilagens auriculares. Enquanto o primeiro retalho origina o novo teto das fossas nasais, a cartilagem configura o formato tridimensional e garante o suporte da nova estrutura nasal. O segundo retalho fica, então, responsável pela cobertura exterior. Resultados: Neste caso comprovou-se tanto a mínima morbidade da área doadora quanto a excelente perfusão dos retalhos autonomizados, o que se considerou um resultado amplamente satisfatório. Conclusões: Embora a reconstrução nasal total seja um procedimento infrequente na vida do cirurgião plástico, a técnica aqui descrita mostra-se como uma opção atraente para estes casos.

Introduction: One of the most common sites of skin cancer is the nose, and because of its distinct three-dimensional structure, reconstruction of the nasal tip support is challenging for plastic surgeons. Methods: This article presents an alternative option for total nasal reconstruction using the bilateral frontal flap and the block bilateral auricular cartilage graft. We present an account of the use of the "sandwich technique", consisting of two frontal flaps interspersed by auricular cartilage. While the first flap gives rise to the new roof of the nasal fossa, the cartilage configures the threedimensional shape and provides support for the new nasal structure. The second flap is then responsible for the outer coverage. Results: In this case, both the minimal morbidity of the donor area and excellent perfusion of the autonomized flaps were verified, leading to a largely satisfactory result. Conclusions: Although total nasal reconstruction is an infrequent procedure in the career of a plastic surgeon, the technique described here is a viable option for these cases.

Reconstrucción de las subunidades estéticas nasales posterior al manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de piel / Reconstruction of aesthetic nasal sub-units in the post-surgical management of skin cancer

Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas, histopatológicas y sociodemográficas de los pacientes que fueron sometidos a la reconstrucción de diferentes subunidades estéticas nasales posterior al manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de piel en un centro de referencia latinoamericano. Métodos: Serie de casos de 82 pacientes que fueron reconstruidos con algún método quirúrgico. Resultados: La población estaba conformada principalmente por mujeres (63,4%). El melanoma se presentó únicamente en hombres y el carcinoma escamocelular en mujeres. El carcinoma basocelular se presentó en el 59,3% de las mujeres. El subtipo más encontrado en el espécimen de resección, fue el carcinoma basocelular nodular con componente micronodular (18,6%). El principal tipo de resección tumoral fue la cirugía convencional y para la reconstrucción de las unidades nasales la principal forma utilizada fue el injerto de piel. Conclusiones: Dada la complejidad que existe en la reconstrucción de la nariz como parte del manejo integral del cáncer de piel, es de importancia mostrar la experiencia que un grupo de cirugía plástica oncológica ha desarrollado en el manejo de estos pacientes.

Objectives: To describe the clinical, histopathological and demographic characteristics of patients who underwent reconstruction of aesthetic nasal sub-units in the post-surgical management of skin cancer in a Latin American reference center. Methods: Case series of 82 patients who were reconstructed using a surgical method. Results: The population consisted mainly of women (63.4%). Melanoma was present only in males, and squamous cell carcinoma only in women. Basal cell carcinoma was present in 59.3% of women. The most common subtype found in the resection specimen was nodular basal cell carcinoma with a micronodular component (18.6%). Conventional surgery was the main type of tumor resection technique. The main method used for the reconstruction of the nasal units was skin grafting. Conclusions: Given the complexity in the nose reconstruction as part of the integrated treatment of skin cancer, it is important to show the experience that an oncology plastic surgery group has developed in the management of these patients.

Combination of radiation therapy and firocoxib for the treatment of canine nasal carcinoma.

Carcinomas represent two-thirds of canine nasosinal neoplasms. Although radiation therapy (RT) is the standard of care, the incidence of local recurrence following treatment is high. Cyclooxygenase-isoform-2 (COX-2) is expressed in 71-95% of canine nasal carcinomas and has been implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Accordingly, COX-2 inhibition seems rational to improve outcome. Dogs with histologically confirmed, previously untreated nasal carcinomas were randomized to receive the combination of a selective COX-2 inhibitor (firocoxib) and palliative RT (Group 1) or RT and placebo (Group 2). Patients were regularly monitored with blood tests, urinalysis, and computed tomography. Pet owners were asked to complete monthly a quality-of-life questionnaire. Twenty-four dogs were prospectively enrolled. According to Adams modified system, there were five stage 1, five stage 2, three stage 3, and 11 stage 4 tumors. Two dogs had metastases to regional lymph nodes. Median progression-free interval and overall survival were 228 and 335 days in Group 1 (n = 12) and 234 and 244 days in Group 2 (n = 12). These differences were not statistically significant. The involvement of regional lymph nodes was significantly associated with progression-free interval and overall survival (P = 0.004). Quality of life was significantly improved in Group 1 (P = 0.008). In particular, a significant difference was observed for activity and appetite. Although not providing a significant enhancement of progression-free interval and overall survival, firocoxib in combination with RT is safe and improved life quality in dogs with nasal carcinomas.

Nonlinear responses for chromosome and gene level effects induced by vinyl acetate monomer and its metabolite, acetaldehyde in TK6 cells.

Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) produced rat nasal tumors at concentrations in the hundreds of parts per million. However, VAM is weakly genotoxic in vitro and shows no genotoxicity in vivo. A European Union Risk Assessment concluded that VAM's hydrolysis to acetaldehyde (AA), via carboxylesterase, is a critical key event in VAM's carcinogenic potential. In the following study, we observed increases in micronuclei (MN) and thymidine kinase (Tk) mutants that were dependent on the ability of TK6 cell culture conditions to rapidly hydrolyze VAM to AA. Heat-inactivated horse serum demonstrated a high capacity to hydrolyze VAM to AA; this activity was highly correlated with a concomitant increase in MN. In contrast, heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) did not hydrolyze VAM and no increase in MN was observed. AA's ability to induce MN was not impacted by either serum since it directly forms Schiff bases with DNA and proteins. Increased mutant frequency at the Tk locus was similarly mitigated when AA formation was not sufficiently rapid, such as incubating VAM in the presence of FBS for 4 hr. Interestingly, neither VAM nor AA induced mutations at the HPRT locus. Finally, cytotoxicity paralleled genotoxicity demonstrating that a small degree of cytotoxicity occurred prior to increases in MN. These results established 0.25 mM as a consistent concentration where genotoxicity first occurred for both VAM and AA provided VAM is hydrolyzed to AA. This information further informs significant key events related to the mode of action of VAM-induced nasal mucosal tumors in rats.

Doenças da cavidade nasal em ruminantes no Brasil / Diseases of the nasal cavity of ruminants in Brazil

This paper reports diseases of the nasal cavity diagnosed in ruminants in the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Patos, state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil, from 2003 to 2009. During that period three cases or outbreaks of diseases of the nasal cavity were reported in cattle, three in goats and nine in sheep (out of 404 diseases diagnosed in cattle, 330 in goats, and 338 in sheep). At all are reported one case of atopic rhinitis in cattle, seven outbreaks of conidiobolomycosis and two outbreaks of rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep, two cases of protothecosis and one of nasal aspergillosis in goats, and a myxoma and a fibrosarcoma in cattle. Additionally, other diseases of the nasal cavity reported in Brazil are reviewed, including oestrosis, rhinosporidiosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and enzootic ethmoidal tumor.

Este trabalho descreve as doenças das fossas nasais diagnosticadas em ruminantes no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, em Patos, Paraíba, nos anos de 2003-2009. No período foram registrados três diagnósticos de doenças das fossas nasais de bovinos, três em caprinos e nove em ovinos (de um total de 404 diagnósticos em bovinos, 330 em caprinos e 338 em ovinos). Descrevem-se um caso de rinite atópica em bovinos, sete surtos de conidiobolomicose e dois de pitiose rinofacial em ovinos, dois casos de prototecose e um de aspergilose nasal em caprinos e um mixoma e um fibrossarcoma em bovinos. Adicionalmente, é realizada uma revisão de outras doenças das fossas nasais de ruminantes descritas em outras regiões do Brasil, incluindo oestrose, rinosporidiose, carcinoma epidermóide e tumor etmoidal enzoótico.

Advances in endoscopic resection of sinonasal neoplasms.

Management of sinonasal diseases has undergone significant change with the advent of endoscopic techniques. A wide variety of pathology can now be surgically managed with the use of endoscopes both within and beyond the sinonasal tract. Endoscopic techniques allow for excellent visualization and complete tumor resection with low morbidity. As experience continues to grow, endonasal endoscopic techniques are becoming the surgical procedures of choice for the management of a wide variety of benign neoplasms.