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1.
Rev Esp Patol ; 53(4): 257-263, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33012497

ABSTRACT

Extraosseous (extramedullary) plasmacytomas are rare plasma cell neoplasms that can result in an erroneous and/or delayed diagnosis as often they are not considered in the differential diagnosis due to their rarity. Furthermore, the anaplastic type is one of the most difficult to recognize in biopsies. We report the case of a patient with an extraosseous plasmacytoma occluded in the right nostril. Its prompt and accurate diagnosis resulted in early treatment and a good outcome, despite the tumour being anaplastic with the risk of progressing into a plasma cell myeloma. The patient shows no recurrence or disease progression after 10 years of follow-up. Our case highlights the clinical and pathological characteristics of this rare disorder that should be considered in order to improve diagnostic criteria and thus early treatment. We also reviewed the pertinent literature.


Subject(s)
Multiple Myeloma , Nose Neoplasms , Plasmacytoma , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Nose Neoplasms/diagnosis , Plasmacytoma/diagnosis
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 72(3): 251-254, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-129326

ABSTRACT

Una mujer de 41 años consultó por dolor facial. En una resonancia magnética nuclear se observó una masa en el ápex del peñasco derecho. La biopsia mostró una infiltración difusa por células grandes atípicas con morfología plasmablástica, positivas para CD138, BCL6, CD56 y p53, con expresión monoclonal de cadena liviana kappa y factor de proliferación del 80%, planteando el diagnóstico diferencial entre linfoma plasmablástico versus plasmocitoma plasmablástico. Un mapeo óseo evidenció múltiples lesiones osteolíticas en cráneo; el proteinograma reveló hipogamaglobulinemia y la inmunofijación en suero y orina fueron negativas. Se realizó biopsia de médula ósea donde se observó infiltración en un 30% del cilindro óseo por células plasmáticas maduras monoclonales para kappa, con expresión focal de p53 y negativas para CD56. Estos hallazgos confirmaron el diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple. Este caso pone de manifiesto la existencia de un espectro morfológico de las neoplasias de células plasmáticas, mostrando una evolución clonal continua con una plasticidad adquirida para desdiferenciarse, volverse inmaduras e infiltrar tejidos extramedulares, posiblemente debido a acumulación de alteraciones moleculares. Por lo tanto, se evidencia la dificultad del diagnóstico diferencial histopatológico entre linfoma plasmablástico y transformación plasmablástica de mieloma múltiple, debido a sus perfiles inmunohistoquímicos casi idénticos.(AU)


A 41 year-old woman consulted because of facial pain. A magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the right petrous apex. A biopsy revealed a diffuse proliferation of large atypical cells with plasmablastic appearance, positive for CD138, BCL6, CD56 and p53. The proliferation factor was 80%. Monoclonal kappa light chain expression was observed. Because the unusual clinicopathological features the patient was studied to rule out systemic plasma cell myeloma. Bone scan disclosed multiple cranium osteolytic lesions; proteinogram showed hypogammaglobulinemia and immunofixation in serum and urine were negative. Afterwards, bone marrow biopsy was performed and it presented a 30% infiltration of the bone cylinder by mature plasma cells. These were monoclonal for kappa light chain with focal expression of p53 and without expression of CD56. These findings suggested the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This case proposes a morphological spectrum of plasma cell neoplasms, showing a continuous clonal evolution of tumor cells, with an acquired plasticity of dedifferentiate, become immature and infiltrate extramedullary tissues, a fact possibly determined by accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. These findings confirm the difficulty of the differential diagnosis from histopathology study between plasmablastic lymphoma and plasmablastic transformation of plasma cell myeloma because of the nearly identical immunohistochemical profiles.(AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Bone Marrow Neoplasms/pathology , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , Plasma Cells/pathology , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Treatment Outcome , Biomarkers, Tumor
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 72(3): 251-254, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657512

ABSTRACT

Una mujer de 41 años consultó por dolor facial. En una resonancia magnética nuclear se observó una masa en el ápex del peñasco derecho. La biopsia mostró una infiltración difusa por células grandes atípicas con morfología plasmablástica, positivas para CD138, BCL6, CD56 y p53, con expresión monoclonal de cadena liviana kappa y factor de proliferación del 80%, planteando el diagnóstico diferencial entre linfoma plasmablástico versus plasmocitoma plasmablástico. Un mapeo óseo evidenció múltiples lesiones osteolíticas en cráneo; el proteinograma reveló hipogamaglobulinemia y la inmunofijación en suero y orina fueron negativas. Se realizó biopsia de médula ósea donde se observó infiltración en un 30% del cilindro óseo por células plasmáticas maduras monoclonales para kappa, con expresión focal de p53 y negativas para CD56. Estos hallazgos confirmaron el diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple. Este caso pone de manifiesto la existencia de un espectro morfológico de las neoplasias de células plasmáticas, mostrando una evolución clonal continua con una plasticidad adquirida para desdiferenciarse, volverse inmaduras e infiltrar tejidos extramedulares, posiblemente debido a acumulación de alteraciones moleculares. Por lo tanto, se evidencia la dificultad del diagnóstico diferencial histopatológico entre linfoma plasmablástico y transformación plasmablástica de mieloma múltiple, debido a sus perfiles inmunohistoquímicos casi idénticos.


A 41 year-old woman consulted because of facial pain. A magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the right petrous apex. A biopsy revealed a diffuse proliferation of large atypical cells with plasmablastic appearance, positive for CD138, BCL6, CD56 and p53. The proliferation factor was 80%. Monoclonal kappa light chain expression was observed. Because the unusual clinicopathological features the patient was studied to rule out systemic plasma cell myeloma. Bone scan disclosed multiple cranium osteolytic lesions; proteinogram showed hypogammaglobulinemia and immunofixation in serum and urine were negative. Afterwards, bone marrow biopsy was performed and it presented a 30% infiltration of the bone cylinder by mature plasma cells. These were monoclonal for kappa light chain with focal expression of p53 and without expression of CD56. These findings suggested the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This case proposes a morphological spectrum of plasma cell neoplasms, showing a continuous clonal evolution of tumor cells, with an acquired plasticity of dedifferentiate, become immature and infiltrate extramedullary tissues, a fact possibly determined by accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. These findings confirm the difficulty of the differential diagnosis from histopathology study between plasmablastic lymphoma and plasmablastic transformation of plasma cell myeloma because of the nearly identical immunohistochemical profiles.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Bone Marrow Neoplasms/pathology , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , Plasma Cells/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Treatment Outcome
4.
Repert. med. cir ; 21(2): 108-114, 2012. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-795592

ABSTRACT

El mieloma múltiple es una neoplasia de células plasmáticas incurable, con morbilidad discapacitante por la gran sintomatología y una alta mortalidad. Afecta todas las razas y áreas geográficas, y su edad media de diagnóstico es de 66 años con solo 10% menores de 50 años y 2% por debajo de 40. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, paraclínicas y los principales esquemas de tratamiento en primera línea de los pacientes manejados y tratados en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá DC, entre enero 2003 y diciembre 2010. Método: cohorte retrospectiva de mayores de 18 años de edad con diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple sintomático. Los datos fueron extraídos de las historias clínicas. Resultados: 39 pacientes se diagnosticaron durante ocho años, 59% hombres cuya edad promedio fue de 59,7 años (DE de 10,7). El 70% fue considerado candidato a trasplante y en el 33,0% (n=7/21) de estos se efectuó el procedimiento. El esquema de quimioterapia más usado fue talidomida-dexametasona (23%); la respuesta al tratamiento más común fue muy buena parcial (40,9%) y el 23,7% alcanzaron por lo menos una completa.


Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer of the plasma cells featuring disabling morbidity due to its many possible symptoms and high mortality rate. It affects all races and geographic regions. The average age at diagnosis is 66 years. Only 10% are under age 50 and 2% under 40. Objective: to describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations and main first-line therapies of patients managed and treated at Hospital de San José, Bogotá DC, between January 2003 and December 2010. Method: a retrospective cohort study of patients with diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma aged more than 18 years based on data compiled from clinical records. Results: thirty-nine (39) patients were diagnosed in an 8-year period, 59% were men with a mean age of 59.7 years (SD 10.7). Seventy percent (70%) were considered candidates for a transplant and this procedure was actually performed in 33.0% (n= 7/21). The chemotherapy regimen most commonly used was a thalidomide–dexamethasone combination (23%). The most frequently observed response to therapy was a very good partial response (40.9%) and 23.7% achieved at least one complete response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Multiple Myeloma , Therapeutics , Neoplasms, Plasma Cell , Transplantation, Autologous
5.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 5(2): 115-118, Aug. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608709

ABSTRACT

The plasma cell neoplasms may present in soft tissue as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), in bone as a solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), or as part of the multifocal disseminated disease multiple myeloma (MM). The EMP is rare, comprising around 3 percent of all plasma cell neoplasm. The majority (80 percent) occurs in the head and neck region. In this study we report a case of a man, 70 years old, melanoderm, with a lesion of the oral cavity. Upon physical examination, a lesion was found that extended throughout the posterior upper alveolar ridge, as far as the maxillary tuber on the left side, extending towards the palate. Radiographic examination, complementary laboratory exams were performed. Based on the conclusive symptoms of plasmacytoma, the patient was referred to the hematology service for treatment with local radiotherapy. The patient responded satisfactorily to the treatment, and after 15 months, all clinical symptoms of the lesion in the oral cavity had disappeared.


La neoplasia de células plasmáticas se presenta en los tejidos blandos como plasmocitoma extramedular (EMP), en el hueso como plasmocitoma solitario (SPB), o como parte de una enfermedad diseminada, el mieloma múltiple (MM). El EMP es poco frecuente, manifestandose en alrededor de un 3 por ciento. Se presentan generalmente (80 por ciento) en las regiones de cabeza y cuello. En este reporte de caso, un hombre de 70 años, melanoderma, presentaba una lesion en la cavidad oral. En el examen físico se observó la lesión a lo largo de la parte posterior del reborde alveolar superior, en la tuberosidad maxilar en el lado izquierdo hacia el paladar. Se realizaron exámenes radiográficos y de laboratorio. Con base en los signos de plasmocitoma, el paciente fue referido a tratamiento con radioterapia. El tratamiento fue muy exitoso y después de 15 meses se observó que el paciente no presentaba los signos clínicos característicos de la lesión neoplásica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Plasmacytoma/diagnosis , Plasmacytoma/radiotherapy , Treatment Outcome
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