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1.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 32: 32406, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424997

ABSTRACT

A quimioterapia com FOLFOX (oxaliplatina, leucovorina e 5-fluorouracilo) é frequentemente utilizada em doentes com cancro colorretal. Os sais de platina são conhecidos por serem uma classe de quimioterápicos que comumente induzem neurotoxicidade periférica. Na toxicidade induzida pela oxaliplatina, os sintomas sensitivos são os mais frequentes. Neste artigo, apresentamos dois casos clínicos de pacientes com adenocarcinoma de cólon, ambos submetidos à quimioterapia com FOLFOX4, e que desenvolveram neurotoxicidade incomum, apresentando pé pendente após o terceiro ciclo de tratamento. Esta manifestação clínica pode ser explicada por dano axonal nos neurônios motores periféricos do nervo peroneal comum (fibular), que fornece inervação motora aos músculos do pé. A paralisia do nervo fibular causa fraqueza súbita nos músculos do pé, que parece ser temporária. Ambos os doentes recuperaram completamente do evento sem necessidade de ajustes no tratamento, nem introdução de medicamentos diferentes. A apresentação de pé pendente como toxicidade da quimioterapia ainda é pouco compreendida. Os casos relatados mostram o pé pendente como uma manifestação grave e incomum de neuropatia induzida por FOLFOX, que pode ser transitória, e não requer necessariamente intervenção específica.


Chemotherapy based on FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen is frequently used in colorectal cancer patients. Oxaliplatin and other platinum agents are known to be a class of chemotherapy drugs that commonly induce peripheral neurotoxicity. The most frequent oxaliplatin related neurotoxicity is sensitive symptoms. Here, we present two cases of patients with colon adenocarcinoma, both undergoing chemotherapy with FOLFOX4, who developed uncommon neurotoxicity, presenting with foot drop after the third treatment cycle. Foot drop may be explained by axonal damage of peripheral motor neurons of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve, which provides motor innervation to the foot muscles. Peroneal nerve palsy causes sudden weakness in the muscles of the foot that seems to be temporary. Both patients completely recovered from the event. There was no need for treatment adjustments, neither introduction of different drugs. Foot drop as chemotherapy toxicity is still poorly understood. The reported cases show foot drop as a severe and uncommon manifestation of FOLFOX-induced neuropathy, that might be transitory, and does not necessarily requires specific intervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Nerve Agents/toxicity , Foot/innervation , Adenocarcinoma , Peroneal Neuropathies , Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use
2.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 70(6): 627-634, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33280811

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The mechanisms by which local anaesthetics cause neurotoxicity are very complicated. Apoptosis and autophagy are highly coordinated mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis against stress. Studies have shown that autophagy activation serves as a protective mechanism in vitro. However, whether it also plays the same role in vivo is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of autophagy in local anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and to elucidate the mechanism of neurotoxicity in an intrathecally injected rat model. METHODS: Eighteen healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Before receiving an intrathecal injection of 1% bupivacaine, each rat received an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or rapamycin (1 mg.kg-1) once a day for 3 days. The pathological changes were examined by Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. Apoptosis was analysed by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL) staining. Caspase-3, Beclin1 and LC3 expression was examined by Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Beclin1 and LC3 expression and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS: After bupivacaine was injected intrathecally, pathological damage occurred in spinal cord neurons, and the levels of apoptosis and caspase-3 increased. Enhancement of autophagy with rapamycin markedly alleviated the pathological changes and decreased the levels of apoptosis and caspase-3 while increasing the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 and the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancement of autophagy decreases caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and improves neuronal survival in vivo. Activation of autophagy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for local anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity.


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/toxicity , Autophagy/drug effects , Bupivacaine/toxicity , Caspase 3/metabolism , Neurons/drug effects , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/prevention & control , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Autophagy/physiology , Beclin-1/metabolism , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Male , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism , Neurons/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sirolimus/administration & dosage , Spinal Cord/drug effects
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(6): 627-634, Nov.-Dec. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155766

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives The mechanisms by which local anesthetics cause neurotoxicity are very complicated. Apoptosis and autophagy are highly coordinated mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis against stress. Studies have shown that autophagy activation serves as a protective mechanism in vitro. However, whether it also plays the same role in vivo is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of autophagy in local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and to elucidate the mechanism of neurotoxicity in an intrathecally injected rat model. Methods Eighteen healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Before receiving an intrathecal injection of 1% bupivacaine, each rat received an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or rapamycin (1 mg.kg-1) once a day for 3 days. The pathological changes were examined by Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. Apoptosis was analysed by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL) staining. Caspase-3, Beclin1 and LC3 expression was examined by Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Beclin1 and LC3 expression and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were detected by western blot analysis. Results After bupivacaine was injected intrathecally, pathological damage occurred in spinal cord neurons, and the levels of apoptosis and caspase-3 increased. Enhancement of autophagy with rapamycin markedly alleviated the pathological changes and decreased the levels of apoptosis and caspase-3 while increasing the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 and the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I. Conclusions Enhancement of autophagy decreases caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and improves neuronal survivalin vivo. Activation of autophagy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for local anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity.


Resumo Introdução e objetivos Os mecanismos de neurotoxicidade dos anestésicos locais são complexos. A apoptose e a autofagia são mecanismos altamente organizados que mantêm a homeostase celular durante o estresse. Estudos revelam que a ativação da autofagia atua como mecanismo de proteção in vitro. Não está claro se a autofagia também desempenha essa função in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o papel da autofagia na neurotoxicidade induzida por anestésico local e esclarecer o mecanismo dessa neurotoxicidade utilizando um modelo de injeção intratecal em ratos. Métodos Dezoito ratos Sprague‐Dawley machos adultos saudáveis foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Antes de receber a injeção intratecal de bupivacaína a 1%, cada rato recebeu injeção intraperitoneal de veículo ou rapamicina (1 mg.kg‐1) uma vez ao dia durante 3 dias. As alterações patológicas foram examinadas por coloração com Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE). A apoptose foi analisada por coloração com o método dUTP Nick‐End Labeling (TUNEL) mediado por TdT. A expressão de caspase‐3, Beclin1 e LC3 foram examinadas por coloração Imunohistoquímica (IHQ). A expressão de Beclin1 e LC3 e a razão LC3‐II/LC3‐I foram detectadas por análise de western blot. Resultados Após a injeção intratecal de bupivacaína, ocorreu lesão patológica nos neurônios da medula espinhal e os níveis de apoptose e caspase‐3 aumentaram. A ativação da autofagia causada pela rapamicina mitigou de forma expressiva as alterações patológicas e diminuiu os níveis de apoptose e caspase‐3, aumentando a expressão de LC3 e Beclin1 e a razão LC3‐II/LC3‐I. Conclusões O aumento da autofagia diminui a apoptose dependente da caspase‐3 e melhora a sobrevivência neuronal in vivo. A ativação da autofagia pode ser uma estratégia terapêutica potencial para a neurotoxicidade induzida por anestésicos locais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Autophagy/drug effects , Bupivacaine/toxicity , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/prevention & control , Caspase 3/metabolism , Anesthetics, Local/toxicity , Neurons/drug effects , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Autophagy/physiology , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Apoptosis/drug effects , Sirolimus/administration & dosage , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Beclin-1/metabolism , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism , Neurons/pathology
4.
Med. U.P.B ; 39(2): 60-65, 21/10/2020. tab, Ilus
Article in Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1123583

ABSTRACT

Caso clínico de un hombre de 20 años, procedente de área rural de un municipio de Nariño, que consulta a un centro de salud después de 36 horas de haber ingerido de modo no intencional 20-30 mL de gramoxone (dicloruro de paraquat) mientras estaba en estado de embriaguez, con síntomas digestivos, hiperbilirrubinemia, elevación de azoados, leucocitosis y neutrofilia, por lo que es referido a un hospital de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Pasto. Durante su hospitalización, presenta epistaxis, falla renal con requerimiento de hemodiálisis, quemaduras orales, hipertermia y dos episodios de crisis convulsivas tónico-clónico generalizadas. Se toman paraclínicos: azoados, gases arteriales, electrolitos, glicemia, entre otros, cuyos resultados se enmarcan dentro de la normalidad durante los episodios convulsivos. Es relevante proporcionar elementos para construir un criterio clínico que explique el compromiso neurológico, ya que, es raro y complejo en intoxicaciones por herbicidas como el paraquat.


A clinical case of a 20 year-old man from a rural area of Llorente-Nariño, who consulted a local health center after 36 hours of accidental ingesting Gramoxone (paraquat dichloride, 20-30 mL), while under the influence of alcohol, that provoked digestive symptoms, hyperbilirubinemia, elevation of creatinine and hemogram with leukocytosis and neutrophilia, is referred to the third level of health attention in the city of Pasto. During the hospital course he presents epistaxis, kidney failure with need of hemodialysis, oral burns, hyperthermia and two episodes of convulsive seizures clonic-tonic generalized with arterial blood gases, electrolytes, glycemia and other para-clinics within normal ranges during the seizures. It's important to try to give elements to build a clinical criteria to explain neurologic compromise, because is exceptionally strange and complex this type of clinical presentation in cases of intoxication with paraquat.Keywords: paraquat; herbicides; poisoning; neurotoxicity syndromes.


Caso clínico de um homem de 20 anos, procedente de área rural de um munícipio de Nariño, que consulta a um centro de saúde depois de 36 horas de haver ingerido de modo não intencional 20-30 mL de gramoxone (dicloreto de Paraquat) enquanto estava em estado de embriaguez, com sintomas digestivos, hiperbilirrubinemia, elevação de azoados, leucocitose e neutrofilia, pelo que é referido a um hospital de alta complexidade na cidade de Pasto. Durante sua hospitalização, apresenta epistaxe, falha renal com requerimento de hemodiálise, queimaduras orais, hipertermia e dois episódios de crise convulsivas tônico-clônico generalizadas. Se tomam paraclínicos: azoados, gases arteriais, eletrólitos, glicemia, entre outros, cujos os resultados se quadram dentro da normalidade durante os episódios convulsivos. É relevante proporcionar elementos para construir um critério clínico que explique o compromisso neurológico, já que, é raro e complexo em intoxicações por herbicidas como o paraquat.


Subject(s)
Humans , Paraquat , Poisoning , Neurotoxicity Syndromes , Herbicides
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 169-176, Jan.-Feb. 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088908

ABSTRACT

O fipronil é um inseticida de toxicidade seletiva amplamente empregado na agricultura e na medicina veterinária. Porém, há relatos de efeitos neurotóxicos dessa substância, que geram prejuízos para vertebrados. Avaliou-se a atividade locomotora, a coordenação motora e a atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase cerebral em ratos expostos ao fipronil. Ratos Wistar machos adultos (n=15) receberam fipronil em dose de 30mg/kg, por via oral, durante 15 dias; o grupo controle (n=15) foi tratado com solução fisiológica, por via oral, no mesmo período. No 16° dia de experimentação, os animais foram submetidos aos testes de arena de campo aberto e hole board. No 17° dia, foram anestesiados e eutanasiados, procedendo-se à coleta de órgãos, e posteriormente foi feita a avaliação da AChE cerebral. A exposição ao fipronil não provocou alterações significativas sobre a coordenação motora e a atividade locomotora, porém gerou inibição significativa da atividade da acetilcolinesterase cerebral. Esses achados sugerem que o fipronil pode provocar efeitos neurotóxicos em curto prazo, os quais podem ser exacerbados caso a exposição seja prolongada.(AU)


Fipronil is a selective-toxicity insecticide widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. However, there are reports of neurotoxic effects of this substance, causing damages to vertebrates. We evaluated the locomotor activity, motor coordination and the activity of brain acetylcholinesterase in rats exposed to fipronil. Adult male Wistar rats (n= 15) received fipronil at a dose of 30mg/kg orally for 15 days; the Control group (n= 15) was treated with oral solution in the same period. On the 16th day of experimentation, the animals were submitted to the open field arena test and hole-board test. On the 17th day, they were anesthetized and euthanized, and organs were collected, and subsequently brain AChE was evaluated. Exposure to fipronil yielded no significant changes on motor coordination and locomotor activity but caused significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity. These findings suggest that fipronil may cause short-term neurotoxic effects, which may be exacerbated if exposure is prolonged.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Pesticides/toxicity , Acetylcholinesterase/analysis , Pesticide Exposure , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/veterinary , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Rats, Wistar
6.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 69(4): 403-412, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31371174

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intrathecal administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is more efficacious for post-operative pain management. Cyclooxygenase inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen, may be effective at lower intrathecal doses than parenteral ones. Preclinical safety regarding possible neurotoxicity associated with the intrathecal (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen was not evaluated. Here we analysed the neurotoxicity of intrathecally administered (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen in rats. METHODS: A randomized placebo-controlled experimental study was conducted. Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300g) aged 12-16 weeks were randomly divided into 2 treatments [100 and 800µg (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen] and control (sterile water) groups. Intrathecal catheters were placed via the atlantoaxial space in anesthetized rats. Pinch-toe tests, motor function evaluations and histopathological examinations of the spinal cord and nerve roots were performed at days 3, 7 and 21. Spinal cord sections were evaluated by light microscopy for the dorsal axonal funiculus vacuolation, axonal myelin loss, neuronal chromatolysis, neuritis, meningeal inflammation, adhesions, and fibrosis. RESULTS: Rats in all the groups exhibited normal pinch-toe testing response (score=0) and normal gait at each observed time (motor function evaluation score=1). Neurotoxicity was higher with treatments on days 3 and 7 than that on day 21 (2, 3, 0, p=0.044; 2, 5, 0, p=0.029, respectively). On day 7, the total scores reflecting neuronal damage were higher in the 800µg group than those in the 100µg and Control Groups (5, 3, 0, p=0.048, respectively). CONCLUSION: Intrathecal (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen caused dose-dependent neurohistopathological changes in rats on days 3 and 7 after injection, suggesting that (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen should not be intrathecally administered.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Ketoprofen/toxicity , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Injections, Spinal , Ketoprofen/administration & dosage , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time Factors
7.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(4): 403-412, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041995

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives Intrathecal administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is more efficacious for post-operative pain management. Cyclooxygenase inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen, may be effective at lower intrathecal doses than parenteral ones. Preclinical safety regarding possible neurotoxicity associated with the intrathecal (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen was not evaluated. Here we analysed the neurotoxicity of intrathecally administered (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen in rats. Methods A randomized placebo-controlled experimental study was conducted. Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) aged 12-16 weeks were randomly divided into 2 treatments [100 and 800 µg (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen] and control (sterile water) groups. Intrathecal catheters were placed via the atlantoaxial space in anesthetized rats. Pinch-toe tests, motor function evaluations and histopathological examinations of the spinal cord and nerve roots were performed at days 3, 7 and 21. Spinal cord sections were evaluated by light microscopy for the dorsal axonal funiculus vacuolation, axonal myelin loss, neuronal chromatolysis, neuritis, meningeal inflammation, adhesions, and fibrosis. Results Rats in all the groups exhibited normal pinch-toe testing response (score = 0) and normal gait at each observed time (motor function evaluation score = 1). Neurotoxicity was higher with treatments on days 3 and 7 than that on day 21 (2, 3, 0, p = 0.044; 2, 5, 0, p = 0.029, respectively). On day 7, the total scores reflecting neuronal damage were higher in the 800 µg group than those in the 100 µg and Control Groups (5, 3, 0, p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusion Intrathecal (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen caused dose-dependent neurohistopathological changes in rats on days 3 and 7 after injection, suggesting that (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen should not be intrathecally administered.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos A administração intratecal de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides é mais eficaz no tratamento da dor pós-operatória. Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, como o (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno, pode ser eficaz em doses intratecais inferiores às parenterais. A segurança pré-clínica relativa à possível neurotoxicidade associada ao (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno intratecal não foi avaliada. Neste estudo avaliamos a neurotoxicidade do (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno administrado por via intratecal em ratos. Métodos Conduzimos um estudo experimental randomizado e controlado por placebo em ratos Sprague-Dawley (250-300 g) com idades entre 12 e 16 semanas. Eles foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos de tratamento [100 e 800 µg de (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno] e um de controle (água estéril). Cateteres intratecais foram colocados através do espaço atlantoaxial nos ratos anestesiados. Testes de pinça, avaliações da função motora e exames histopatológicos da medula espinhal e das raízes nervosas foram realizados nos dias 3, 7 e 21 do estudo. Os cortes da medula espinhal foram avaliados por microscopia de luz para vacuolização do funículo axonal dorsal, perda de mielina axonal, cromatólise neuronal, neurite, inflamação, aderências e fibrose das meninges. Resultados Em todos os grupos, os ratos exibiram resposta normal ao teste de pinça (pontuação = 0) e marcha normal em cada tempo observado (escore de avaliação da função motora = 1). A neurotoxicidade foi maior com os tratamentos nos dias 3 e 7 do que no dia 21 (2, 3, 0, p = 0,044; 2, 5, 0, p = 0,029, respectivamente). No dia 7, os escores totais refletindo o dano neuronal foram maiores no grupo com 800 µg que nos grupos com 100 µg e controle (5, 3, 0, p = 0,048, respectivamente). Conclusão A administração intratecal de (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno causou alterações neuro-histopatológicas dose-dependentes em ratos nos dias 3 e 7 após a aplicação e sugerindo que o (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno não deve ser administrado por via intratecal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Ketoprofen/toxicity , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology , Rats , Time Factors , Injections, Spinal , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Ketoprofen/administration & dosage , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
8.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 1022-1026, abr.-maio 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482091

ABSTRACT

Este estudo determinou o teor total de mercúrio (HgT) em 69 atuns em conserva de 13 marcas comercializadas no sudoeste do Brasil. Todos os valores são reportados em µg.g-1 de peso úmido. O potencial de risco para a saúde foi estimado com base na concentração de mercúrio e consumo médio (175 g / semana) de peixes no Brasil em comparação com ISPT de 1,6 µg.kg-1 (FAO / WHO, 2010). Uma grande variação na concentração de mercúrio em diferentes espécies foi observada. A concentração média de mercúrio foi de 0,256 ± 0,215 µg.g-1 com maior valor de 1,060 µg.g-1 em uma única lata. Em geral, a concentração média foi inferior à legislação de 1,0 µg.g-1 para espécies predadoras (BRASIL, 2014). A ingestão semanal estimada (EIS) variou de 0,2 a 1,7 µg.kg-1. Para as marcas analisadas de consumo de peixe no Brasil, não há ocorrência de risco à saúde humana. No entanto, uma marca foi superior a ISPT de 1,6 µg.kg-1, não mostrando segurança para o grupo de risco específico. Serão necessários mais estudos, incluindo dados específicos sobre o consumo de atum em conserva em populações específicas, bem como o tipo de peixe, tamanho e local de pesca.


Subject(s)
Animals , Tuna , Methylmercury Compounds/analysis , Food Preservation , Mercury/analysis , Mercury/standards , Food Safety
9.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(1): 58-63, Jan.-Feb. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977426

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: Developing brain is more vulnerable to environmental risk than is the developed brain. We evaluated the effects of repeated exposure to different concentrations of sevoflurane on the neonatal mouse hippocampus using stereological methods. Methods: Eighteen neonatal male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Group A, inhaled sevoflurane at a concentration of 1.5%; Group B, inhaled sevoflurane at a concentration of 3%; and Group C (control group), inhaled only 100% oxygen. Treatments were applied for 30 min a day for 7 consecutive days. The hippocampal volume, dendrite length, number of neurons, and number of glial cells were evaluated in each group using stereological estimations. Results: We identified a ∼2% reduction in the volume of the hippocampus in Group A compared to Group C. Mean hippocampal volume was ∼11% smaller in Group B than it was in Group C. However, these differences in hippocampal volume between the groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for all). As for the number of neurons, we found significantly fewer neurons in Group A (∼29% less) and Group B (∼43% less) than we did in Group C (p < 0.05 for both). The dendrite length was ∼8% shorter in Group A and ∼11% shorter in Group B than it was in Group C. Conclusions: Repeated exposure to sevoflurane, regardless of the concentration, reduced the volume of the neonatal mouse hippocampus, as well as the number of neurons and dendrite length.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O cérebro em desenvolvimento é mais vulnerável ao risco ambiental do que o cérebro já desenvolvido. Avaliamos os efeitos da exposição repetida a diferentes concentrações de sevoflurano sobre o hipocampo de ratos neonatos com o uso de métodos estereológicos. Métodos: Dezoito ratos neonatos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. O Grupo A foi submetido à inalação de sevoflurano a uma concentração de 1,5%; o Grupo B foi submetido à inalação de sevoflurano a uma concentração de 3%; o Grupo C (controle) foi submetido à inalação de apenas oxigênio a 100%. Os tratamentos foram aplicados durante 30 minutos por dia, durante sete dias consecutivos. Volume do hipocampo, comprimento do dendrito, número de neurônios e número de células gliais foram avaliados em cada grupo com o uso de estimativas estereológicas. Resultados: Identificamos uma redução de ∼2% no volume do hipocampo no Grupo A em comparação com o Grupo C. O volume médio do hipocampo foi ∼11% menor no Grupo B do que no Grupo C. Entretanto, essas diferenças no volume do hipocampo entre os grupos não foram estatisticamente significativas (p > 0,05 para todos). Quanto ao número de neurônios, encontramos um número significativamente menor de neurônios no Grupo A (∼29% menos) e no Grupo B (∼43% menos) do que no Grupo C (p < 0,05 para ambos). O comprimento do dendrito foi ∼8% menor no Grupo A e ∼1% menor no Grupo B que no Grupo C. Conclusões: A exposição repetida ao sevoflurano, independentemente da concentração, reduziu o volume do hipocampo neonatal de camundongos, bem como o número de neurônios e o comprimento dos dendritos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Sevoflurane/administration & dosage , Hippocampus/drug effects , Random Allocation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Animals, Newborn , Mice
10.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 69(1): 58-63, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30446209

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Developing brain is more vulnerable to environmental risk than is the developed brain. We evaluated the effects of repeated exposure to different concentrations of sevoflurane on the neonatal mouse hippocampus using stereological methods. METHODS: Eighteen neonatal male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Group A, inhaled sevoflurane at a concentration of 1.5%; Group B, inhaled sevoflurane at a concentration of 3%; and Group C (control group), inhaled only 100% oxygen. Treatments were applied for 30min a day for 7 consecutive days. The hippocampal volume, dendrite length, number of neurons, and number of glial cells were evaluated in each group using stereological estimations. RESULTS: We identified a ∼2% reduction in the volume of the hippocampus in Group A compared to Group C. Mean hippocampal volume was ∼11% smaller in Group B than it was in Group C. However, these differences in hippocampal volume between the groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05 for all). As for the number of neurons, we found significantly fewer neurons in Group A (∼29% less) and Group B (∼43% less) than we did in Group C (p<0.05 for both). The dendrite length was ∼8% shorter in Group A and ∼11% shorter in Group B than it was in Group C. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated exposure to sevoflurane, regardless of the concentration, reduced the volume of the neonatal mouse hippocampus, as well as the number of neurons and dendrite length.


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Hippocampus/drug effects , Sevoflurane/administration & dosage , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Male , Mice , Random Allocation
11.
Ciênc. rural ; 47(5): e20160177, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839796

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess systemic and neurotoxic changes following an epidural administration of meloxicamin to rabbits. Twelve adult rabbits four males and eight females; average mass, 1.9 ± 0.1kg were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (GC), which received a single dose of 0.9% NaCl epidurally in a volume of 0.3mL kg-1and a meloxicam group (GM), which received 0.2mg kg-1 meloxicam epidurally along with 0.9% NaCl in a total volume of 0.3mL kg-1. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and neurological abnormalities were assessed prior to administration of anesthesia (H0), 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24h following epidural puncture (H1, H2, H3, H6, H12, and H24, respectively), and every 24h afterward for 10 days after epidural puncture (D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, and D10). The surface temperature of lumbosacral region was also measured at H0, H1, H6, H12, H24, D5 and D10. Three animals from each group were euthanized on days 15 and 30 after epidural puncture to assess possible spinal injuries. Variances observed in physiological parameters were not suggestive of adverse effects of meloxicam, as all were within the reference standards, and there were no physical or behavioral changes observed. Neurological function was similar between groups, with only difference between baseline values and values 1h after epidural administration in both groups. There were no histopathological changes in the GM group, and only one animal showed discrete lymphocytic infiltrate. Epidural lumbosacral administration of meloxicam at a dose of 0.2mg kg-1 caused no significant systemic or neurotoxic effects in rabbits.


RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as alterações sistêmicas e neurotóxicas promovidas pelo meloxicam, administrado por via epidural, em coelhos. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos adultos, quatro machos e oito fêmeas, pensando em média 1,9 ± 0,1kg. Os animais foram divididos equitativa e aleatoriamente em dois grupos, os quais receberam dose única de solução de NaCl 0,9% no volume de 0,3mL kg-1, por via epidural (grupo controle - GC) ou meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1) associado à solução de NaCl 0,9%, compondo um volume total de 0,3mL kg-1 (grupo meloxicam - GM). Avaliaram-se frequências cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura corporal e alterações neurológicas, antes da administração da anestesia (H0), uma, duas, três, seis, 12 e 24 horas após a punção epidural (H1, H2, H3, H6, H12 e H24, respectivamente) e a cada 24 horas após o H24, até o 10º dia após a punção epidural (D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9 e D10). Mensurou-se ainda a temperatura superficial da região lombossacra em H0, H1, H6, H12, H24, D5 e D10. Realizou-se eutanásia em três animais de cada grupo no 15o e no 30o dia após o início do experimento, para avaliação das possíveis lesões medulares. As variâncias observadas nos parâmetros fisiológicos não foram sugestivas de efeito adverso do meloxicam, pois estiveram dentro do padrão de referência e não houve alterações físicas ou comportamentais. O exame neurológico se mostrou semelhante entre os grupos, havendo diferença apenas entre a avaliação inicial e uma hora após a epidural em ambos os grupos. Na histopatologia não houve alterações no GM e apenas um animal do GC apresentou discreto infiltrado linfoplasmocitário. A administração epidural lombossacra de meloxicam, na dose de 0,2mg kg-1, não causa efeitos sistêmicos e neurotóxicos significativos, em coelhos.

12.
Med. U.P.B ; 35(1): 41-46, ene.-jun. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-837067

ABSTRACT

Las intoxicaciones por plaguicidas son la segunda causa de intoxicación en Colombia. Los neonicotinoides son un nuevo grupo de insecticidas que actúa a través de los receptores nicotínicos. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas que se han asociado con dicha intoxicación son alteraciones neurológicas y autonómicas. En este reporte se presentan dos casos de pacientes que ingirieron tiametoxan e imidacloprid y presentaron compromiso del sensorio y de sus signos vitales, por lo que se acudió a manejo en unidad de cuidados intensivos. El objetivo de este reporte es sensibilizar sobre el creciente uso de estos plaguicidas y la necesidad de identificarlos para hacer un diagnóstico diferencial con otras sustancias, realizar un uso adecuado de ayudas diagnósticas y un manejo inicial pertinente para asegurar la vía área y corregir alteraciones hemodinámicas para prevenir complicaciones.


Pesticide poisoning is the second cause of poisoning in Colombia. Neonicotinoids are a new group of insecticides that act through nicotinic receptors. The main clinical manifestations that have been associated with such poisoning are neurological and autonomic disturbances. In this paper, we present two cases in which two patients ingested thiamethoxan and imidacloprid, showing neurologic compromise and affecting their vital signs, requiring management in the intensive care unit. The aim of this article is to raise awareness about the growing use of such pesticides and identify the need to make a differential diagnosis with other insecticides, making appropriate use of diagnostic aids and appropriate initial management of the airway and correcting the abnormalities in their hemodynamic profile to prevent complications.


As intoxicações por praguicidas são a segunda causa de intoxicação na Colômbia. Os neonicotinóides são um novo grupo de inseticidas que atua através dos receptores nicotínicos. As principais manifestações clínicas que se há associado com dita intoxicação são alterações neurológicas e autonómicas. Neste reporte se apresentam dois casos de pacientes que ingeriram tiametoxan e imidacloprid e apresentaram compromisso do sensório e de seus signos vitais, pelo que se acudiu ao manejo em unidade de tratamentos intensivos. O objetivo deste reporte é sensibilizar sobre o crescente uso destes praguicidas e a necessidade de identificá-los para fazer um diagnóstico diferencial com outras substâncias, realizar um uso adequado de ajudas diagnósticas e um manejo inicial pertinente para assegurar a via área e corrigir alterações hemodinâmicas para prevenir complicações.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Neonicotinoids , Pesticides , Poisoning , Receptors, Nicotinic , Neurotoxicity Syndromes
13.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(3): 272-275, May.-June 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782875

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The local anesthetics may cause neurotoxicity. We aimed to compare the neurotoxic potential of different local anesthetics, local anesthetic induced nerve damage and pathological changes of a peripheral nerve. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats weighing 200-350 g were studied. Rats were assigned into 3 groups and 26-gauge needle was inserted under magnification into the left sciatic nerve and 0.2 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine, 5% levobupivacaine, and 2% lidocaine were injected intraneurally. An individual who was blind to the specifics of the injection monitored the neurologic function on postoperative 1st day, and daily thereafter. Neurologic examination included assessment for the presence and severity of nociception and grasping reflexes. At the 7th day sciatic nerve specimen was taken for evaluation of histopathologic changes. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference detected among groups regarding grasping reflex and histopathologic evaluation. Two cases in bupivacaine group, 1 case in levobupivacaine group and 2 cases in lidocaine group had slight grasping, while 1 case in lidocaine group had no grasping reflex on the seventh day. Severe axonal degeneration was observed in all groups, respectively in bupivacaine group 4 (20%), levobupivacaine group 3 (15%), and lidocaine group 6 (30%). CONCLUSION: In all groups, histopathological damage frequency and severity were more than the motor deficiency.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Os anestésicos locais podem causar neurotoxicidade. Nosso objetivo foi comparar o potencial neurotóxico de diferentes anestésicos locais, os danos induzidos aos nervos e as alterações patológicas de um nervo periférico. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 60 ratos Whistler com 200-350 g. Os ratos foram divididos em três grupos, uma agulha de calibre 26 foi inserida no nervo ciático esquerdo, com o uso de ampliação, e 0,2 mL de bupivacaína a 0,5%, levobupivacaína a 5% e lidocaína a 2% foram injetados por via intraneural. Um colaborador, cego para os conteúdos das injeções, monitorou a função neurológica no primeiro dia de pós-operatório e depois diariamente. O exame neurológico incluiu a avaliação da presença e da gravidade da nocicepção e dos reflexos de agarrar. No sétimo dia, uma amostra do nervo ciático foi colhida para avaliar as alterações histopatológicas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação ao reflexo de agarrar e à avaliação histopatológica. Dois casos no grupo bupivacaína, um no grupo levobupivacaína e dois no grupo lidocaína apresentaram um leve reflexo de agarrar; também no grupo lidocaína, um caso não apresentou reflexo de agarrar no sétimo dia. Degeneração axonal grave foi observada em todos os grupos: quatro casos no grupo bupivacaína (20%), três no grupo levobupivacaína 3 (15%) e seis no grupo lidocaína (30%). CONCLUSÃO: Em todos os grupos, a frequência de dano histopatológico e de gravidade foi maior do que a deficiência motora.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Sciatic Nerve/drug effects , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/chemically induced , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Sciatic Nerve/physiopathology , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/physiopathology , Levobupivacaine
14.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 66(3): 272-5, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27108824

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The local anesthetics may cause neurotoxicity. We aimed to compare the neurotoxic potential of different local anesthetics, local anesthetic induced nerve damage and pathological changes of a peripheral nerve. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats weighing 200-350g were studied. Rats were assigned into 3 groups and 26-gauge needle was inserted under magnification into the left sciatic nerve and 0.2mL of 0.5% bupivacaine, 5% levobupivacaine, and 2% lidocaine were injected intraneurally. An individual who was blind to the specifics of the injection monitored the neurologic function on postoperative 1st day, and daily thereafter. Neurologic examination included assessment for the presence and severity of nociception and grasping reflexes. At the 7th day sciatic nerve specimen was taken for evaluation of histopathologic changes. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference detected among groups regarding grasping reflex and histopathologic evaluation. Two cases in bupivacaine group, 1 case in levobupivacaine group and 2 cases in lidocaine group had slight grasping, while 1 case in lidocaine group had no grasping reflex on the seventh day. Severe axonal degeneration was observed in all groups, respectively in bupivacaine group 4 (20%), levobupivacaine group 3 (15%), and lidocaine group 6 (30%). CONCLUSION: In all groups, histopathological damage frequency and severity were more than the motor deficiency.


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/analogs & derivatives , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/chemically induced , Sciatic Nerve/drug effects , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Levobupivacaine , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sciatic Nerve/physiopathology
15.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 66(3): 272-5, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26993405

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The local anesthetics may cause neurotoxicity. We aimed to compare the neurotoxic potential of different local anesthetics, local anesthetic induced nerve damage and pathological changes of a peripheral nerve. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats weighing 200-350g were studied. Rats were assigned into 3 groups and 26-gauge needle was inserted under magnification into the left sciatic nerve and 0.2mL of 0.5% bupivacaine, 5% levobupivacaine, and 2% lidocaine were injected intraneurally. An individual who was blind to the specifics of the injection monitored the neurologic function on postoperative 1st day, and daily thereafter. Neurologic examination included assessment for the presence and severity of nociception and grasping reflexes. At the 7th day sciatic nerve specimen was taken for evaluation of histopathologic changes. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference detected among groups regarding grasping reflex and histopathologic evaluation. Two cases in bupivacaine group, 1 case in levobupivacaine group and 2 cases in lidocaine group had slight grasping, while 1 case in lidocaine group had no grasping reflex on the seventh day. Severe axonal degeneration was observed in all groups, respectively in bupivacaine group 4 (20%), levobupivacaine group 3 (15%), and lidocaine group 6 (30%). CONCLUSION: In all groups, histopathological damage frequency and severity were more than the motor deficiency.

16.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 65(1): 27-33, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-736162

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine, fentanyl and their mixture on rat spinal cord. METHODS: In experiment, there were four groups with medication and a control group. Rats were injected 15 µL saline or fentanyl 0.0005 µg/15 µL, levobupivacaine 0.25%/15 µL and fentanyl 0.0005 µg + levobupivacaine 0.25%/15 µL intrathecally for four days. Hot plate test was performed to assess neurologic function after each injection at 5th, 30th and 60th min. Five days after last lumbal injection, spinal cord sections between the T5 and T6 vertebral levels were obtained for histologic analysis. A score based on subjective assessment of number of eosinophilic neurons - Red neuron - which means irreversible neuronal degeneration. They reflect the approximate number of degenerating neurons present in the affected neuroanatomic areas as follows: 1, none; 2, 1-20%; 3, 21-40%; 4, 41-60%; and 5, 61-100% dead neurons. An overall neuropathologic score was calculated for each rat by summating the pathologic scores for all spinal cord areas examined. RESULTS: In the results of HPT, comparing the control group, analgesic latency statistically prolonged for all four groups.In neuropathologic investment, the fentanyl and fentanyl + levobupivacaine groups have statistically significant high degenerative neuron counts than control and saline groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, when administered intrathecally in rats, fentanyl and levobupivacaine behave similar for analgesic action, but fentanyl may be neurotoxic for spinal cord. There was no significant degeneration with levobupivacaine, but fentanyl group has had significant degeneration. .


JUSTIFICATIVA: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos neurotóxicos da administração por via intratecal de levobupivacaína e fentanil e suas misturas sobre a medula espinhal de ratos. MÉTODOS: O experimento compreendeu quatro grupos que receberam medicamento e um grupo controle. Os ratos foram submetidos a injeção de salina (15 µL) ou fentanil (0,0005 µg/15 mL), levobupivacaína a 0,25% (15 µL) e fentanil (0,0005 µg + levobupivacaína a 0,25%/15 µL) por via intratecal durante quatro dias. O teste de placa quente foi usado para avaliar a função neurológica após cada injeção nos minutos cinco, 30 e 60. Cinco dias após a última injeção lombar, secções da medula espinhal entre os níveis vertebrais T5 e T6 foram obtidas para análise histológica. Usamos um escore com base na avaliação subjetiva do número de neurônios eosinofílicos (neurônios vermelhos), o que significa degeneração neuronal irreversível. Esses neurônios refletem o número aproximado de neurônios em degeneração presentes nas áreas neuroanatômicas afetadas da seguinte forma: 1 = nenhum; 2 = 1-20%; 3 = 21-40%; 4 = 41-60% e 5 = 61-100% neurônios mortos. Um escore neuropatológico global foi calculado para cada rato pela soma dos escores patológicos para todas as áreas examinadas da medula espinhal. RESULTADOS: Nos resultados do TPQ, comparando o grupo controle, a latência analgésica foi estatisticamente prolongada para todos os quatro grupos.Em investimento neuropatológico, os grupos fentanil e fentanil + levobupivacaína apresentaram degeneração neuronal em contagens significativamente mais altas di que os grupos controle e salina. CONCLUSÕES: Esses resultados sugerem que fentanil e levobupivacaína, quando administrados por via intratecal em ratos, se comportam de forma semelhante à ação analgésica, mas fentanil pode ser neurotóxico para a medula espinhal. Não houve degeneração significativa com levobupivacaína, mas o grupo fentanil apresentou degeneração significativa. .


JUSTIFICACIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los efectos neurotóxicos de la administración por vía intratecal de la levobupivacaína y el fentanilo y su mezcla sobre la médula espinal de ratones. MÉTODOS: El experimento abarcó 4 grupos que recibieron medicamento y un grupo control. Los ratones recibieron inyección de solución salina (15 µL) o fentanilo (0,0005 µg/15µL), levobupivacaína al 0,25% (15 µL) y fentanilo (0,0005 µg + levobupivacaína al 0,25%/15 µL) por vía intratecal durante 4 días. Se empleó el test de placa caliente para evaluar la función neurológica tras cada inyección en los minutos 5, 30 y 60. Cinco días después de la última inyección lumbar, se obtuvieron las secciones de la médula espinal entre los niveles vertebrales T5 y T6 para el análisis histológico. Usamos una puntuación basándonos en la evaluación subjetiva del número de neuronas eosinofílicas (neuronas rojas), lo que significa degeneración neuronal irreversible. Esas neuronas reflejan el número aproximado de neuronas en degeneración presentes en las áreas neuroanatómicas afectadas de la siguiente forma: 1 = ninguna; 2 = 1-20%; 3 = 21-40%; 4 = 41-60% y 5 = 61-100% neuronas muertas. Para cada ratón se calculó una puntuación neuropatológica global a través de la suma de las puntuaciones patológicas de todas las áreas examinadas de la médula espinal. RESULTADOS: En los resultados del test de placa caliente, comparando el grupo control, la latencia analgésica fue estadísticamente prolongada para los 4 grupos.En la inversión neuropatológica, los grupos fentanilo y fentanilo + levobupivacaína tuvieron una degeneración neuronal en recuentos significativamente más altos que los grupos control y salina. CONCLUSIONES: Esos resultados nos sugieren que el fentanilo y la levobupivacaína, cuando se administran por vía intratecal en ratones, se comportan de forma similar a la acción analgésica, pero el fentanilo puede ser neurotóxico para la médula espinal. No hubo ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Fentanyl/toxicity , Levobupivacaine/toxicity , Injections, Spinal/instrumentation
17.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 65(1): 27-33, 2015.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25497746

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of intrathecally administered levobupivacaine, fentanyl and their mixture on rat spinal cord. METHODS: In experiment, there were four groups with medication and a control group. Rats were injected 15µL saline or fentanyl 0.0005µg/15µL, levobupivacaine 0.25%/15µL and fentanyl 0.0005µg+levobupivacaine 0.25%/15µL intrathecally for four days. Hot plate test was performed to assess neurologic function after each injection at 5th, 30th and 60th min. Five days after last lumbal injection, spinal cord sections between the T5 and T6 vertebral levels were obtained for histologic analysis. A score based on subjective assessment of number of eosinophilic neurons - Red neuron - which means irreversible neuronal degeneration. They reflect the approximate number of degenerating neurons present in the affected neuroanatomic areas as follows: 1, none; 2, 1-20%; 3, 21-40%; 4, 41-60%; and 5, 61-100% dead neurons. An overall neuropathologic score was calculated for each rat by summating the pathologic scores for all spinal cord areas examined. RESULTS: In the results of HPT, comparing the control group, analgesic latency statistically prolonged for all four groups. In neuropathologic investment, the fentanyl and fentanyl+levobupivacaine groups have statistically significant high degenerative neuron counts than control and saline groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, when administered intrathecally in rats, fentanyl and levobupivacaine behave similar for analgesic action, but fentanyl may be neurotoxic for spinal cord. There was no significant degeneration with levobupivacaine, but fentanyl group has had significant degeneration.

18.
Iatreia ; 27(4): 460-464, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726843

ABSTRACT

El cefepime es un antibiótico betalactámico utilizado para tratar pacientes con infecciones complicadas. Debido a que su excreción es predominantemente renal y a que su vida media se incrementa significativamente en pacientes con deterioro de la función renal, los efectos adversos pueden ser de mayor gravedad incluyendo los de índole neurotóxica. Se informa el caso de una paciente trasplantada renal que presentó neurotoxicidad secundaria al uso de cefepime.


Cefepime is a betalactamic antibiotic used for the treatment of patients with severe infections. It is mainly excreted by the kidney, so that its half-life is significantly increased in patients with kidney failure, and in this population adverse effects may be more severe including neurotoxicity. We report the case of a kidney-transplanted patient who presented neurotoxicity associated with the use of cefepime.


O cefepime é um antibiótico betalactámico utilizado para tratar pacientes com infecções complicadas. Devido a que sua excreção é predominantemente pelo rim, sua vida média se incrementa significativamente em pacientes com deterioração da função renal em quem os efeitos adversos podem ser de maior gravidade incluindo os de índole neurotóxica. Informa-se o caso de uma paciente transplantada renal que apresentou neurotoxicidade secundária ao uso de cefepime.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Cephalosporins/adverse effects , Cephalosporins/toxicity , Kidney Transplantation , Neurotoxicity Syndromes , Renal Insufficiency
19.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 50(4): 77-82, out.-dez. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-737168

ABSTRACT

Estudos demonstraram efeito positivo principalmente no ganho ponderalem pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA), suplementadoscom aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (AACR). Achados recentes têm mostrado que o consumo excessivo e crônico de AACR pode contribuir para a progressão da doença, provavelmente devido a estes serem precursores do glutamato. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evidência acerca da utilização dos AACR por pacientes com ELA, a fim de elucidar questões pertinentes a sua ingestão. Foi feita busca em base de dados de artigos científicos relacionados ao consumo de AACR na ELA, no período de 1988 a 2013. Foram encontrados seis artigos relacionados ao consumo de AACR por pacientes com ELA. Desses, um referiu melhora da força, enquanto os outros relataram ganho ponderal ou não mostraram resultados significativosem relação aos desfechos. Além disso, foi possível observar uma estreita relação entre o consumo excessivo e crônico dos AACR com o agravamento da doença. À luz dos conhecimentos ora disponíveis, a suplementação com AACR não é recomendada devido aos possíveis efeitos nocivos. O consumo adequado de alimentos proteicos, fontes desses aminoácidos, deve ser utilizado pelos pacientes, respeitando as recomendações estabelecidas. No entanto, estudos adicionais devem ser desenvolvidos em virtude do escasso número de publicações disponíveis.


Studies have shown positive effect mainly in weight gain inpatients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) supplemented with branched chain amino acids (BCAA). However, recent studies have shown that excessive and chronic intake has contributed to the worsening of the disease progression, probably because the amino acids are glutamate precursors. The objective of this study was to assess the evidence about the use of BCAA by patients with ALS, with the aim to clarify pertinent issues for its intake. A search was conducted in data bases for scientific papers related to the intake of BCAA in ALS, between 1988 and 2013. For these review six articles related to the use of BCAA in ALS were found. Of these, one described strength improvement, while the remaining reported weight gain or no significant effects in relation to the outcome. Additionally, it waspossible to observe a close relationship between the excessive and chronic BCAA intake with the worsening of the disease. Considering the presente day available knowledge BCAA supplementation should not be indicated due to the possible harmful effect. The intake of appropriated protein foods should be consumed by these patients, respecting the suggested recommendation. However, more studies are necessary due to the scarce papers in this area.


Subject(s)
Humans , Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy , Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/administration & dosage , Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/adverse effects , Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/therapeutic use , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Glutamic Acid/toxicity , Neurotoxins
20.
Rev. Ciênc. Agrovet. (Online) ; 12(Especial): 27-28, junho 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1488006

ABSTRACT

Relata-se o caso de intoxicação de uma cadela da raça dálmata tratada cronicamente com o metronidazol, onde o diagnóstico foi baseado no histórico de administração, que pode ser de doses normais a aumentadas, e na resolução dos sinais clínicos após a suspensão da droga e instituição do tratamento de suporte, conforme cita a literatura (KIM et al, 2011; HECKLER et al, 2012). Nesses casos o prognóstico geralmente é favorável, mas alguns cães podem morrer ou desenvolver lesões hepáticas (HECKLER et al, 2012).


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Dogs , Poisoning/veterinary , Metronidazole/poisoning , Prototheca , Spasm/veterinary , Proprioception
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