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Rev. AMRIGS ; 50(2): 157-162, abr.-jun. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689433

ABSTRACT

A presença de pigmentação profunda no nevus piloso gigante dificulta sua ressecção completa e deve ser levada em consideração no plano de tratamento. Um caso clínico no qual a pigmentação foi encontrada atingindo a fáscia muscular levou-nos a avaliar as possibilidades terapêuticas disponíveis. A lesão foi removida cirurgicamente, com comprovação patológica de remoção completa de toda sua extensão na profundidade, com resultado estético-funcional favorável através da utilização de expansores de tecido. Técnicas atuais para a reconstrução cirúrgica após a remoção dos nevos pilosos incluem excisão seriada, enxertia de pele parcial, enxertia de pele total e retalhos cutâneos pré-expandidos. Qualquer que seja o método, a remoção completa do nevus piloso gigante que acomete o dorso é muitas vezes impossível sem mutilação, casos em que a melhor opção é a ressecção parcial da lesão seguida de acompanhamento clínico rigoroso. O avanço nas indicações de alguns tipos de laser tem possibilitado novas perspectivas no tratamento dessas lesões, mas o laser não remove os melanócitos sob a camada dérmica profunda e podem dificultar o monitoramento de malignizações. Atualmente, a cirurgia ainda permanece a forma mais segura de tratamento para o nevus piloso gigante que acomete o dorso.


Giant congenital nevi are melanocytic lesions that cover large areas of the body and are associated with the development of malignant melanoma. Recent numbers showed that the risk of malignancy is lower than previously reported, making the treatment based merely on oncologic anticipation no longer suitable. The presence of deep pigmentation makes certain treatment options not as effective as surgical ablation. A clinical case is presented here to raise treatment options when the deeper location of the pigmentation may alter the surgeon’s approach. The presence of deep pigmentation in a Giant Congenital Nevus makes its complete removal very difficult and should be taken into consideration when planning for treatment. A clinical case in which the pigmented lesion was found to extend deep into the muscle fascia is described. The lesion was surgically removed with an acceptable functional and aesthetic result through the utilization of tissue expansion. Modern techniques for surgical reconstruction after removal of the giant nevus include serial excision, partial skin graft, full- thickness skin graft and the utilization of previously expanded skin flaps. Whatever the method of treatment employed, complete removal might de impossible without mutilation, situation in which it is preferable partial removal followed by close clinical follow-up. The indications for utilization of lasers have opened a horizon of possibilities; however, the laser treatment does not remove pigmented cells located at the level of the deep dermis, and they may difficult the follow- up. The presence of deep pigmentation makes certain treatment options not as effective as surgical ablation.


Subject(s)
Tissue Expansion Devices , Back , Lasers , Nevus, Halo
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