Mechanical Deformation of Superelastic NiTi Wire at Different Deflections in an Orthodontic Bracket System

@#Introduction: Most patients with malocclusion are given orthodontic leveling therapy with the aim of reducing the vertical discrepancy between teeth. This computational study aims to evaluate the degree of deformation of superelastic NiTi arch wire upon bending at different deflections in a bracket system. Methods: A three-dimensional finite-element model of a wire-bracket system was developed to simulate the bending behavior of superelastic NiTi arch wire in three-brackets configuration. A superelastic subroutine was integrated in the model to anticipate the superelastic behavior of the arch wire. The mid span of the arch wire was loaded to different extent of deflections, ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 mm. The mechanical deformation of the arch wires was accessed from three parameters, in specific the unloading force, the bending stress and the martensite fraction. Results: The superelastic wire deflected at 4.0 mm yielded smaller unloading force than the wire bent at 1.0 mm. The bending stress was highly localized at the wire curvature, with the stress magnitude increased from 465 MPa at 1.0 mm to 951 MPa at 4.0 mm deflection. The martensite volume consistently increased throughout the bending, with a fully transformed martensite was observed as early as 2.0 mm of deflection. The magnitude of bending stress and the volume of fully transformed martensite increased gradually in relation to the wire deflection. Conclusion: The wire-bracket system induced localize wire deformation, hindering complete utilization of superelasticity during orthodontic treatment.

O efeito de diferentes níveis de PH em soluções de flúor a 1, 1% na corrosão de arcos NITI / The effect of different PH levels on fluoride solutions at 1. 1% on corrosion of NITI archs

Objetivo: Determinar o pH crítico para ocorrer a corrosão de arcos NiTi em soluções de flúor a 1,1%, variando o pH de 3,5 a 7,0. Materiais e Métodos: Doze amostras com 10mm de comprimento de fio superelástico NiTi 0017 x 0025 (Abzil), obtidas do segmento distal dos arcos. As amostras foram aleatoriamente separadas e imersas dentro de recipientes contendo 40ml de seis soluções (água, soluções fluoretadas com pH: 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5 e 7,0), sob uma mesa agitadora durante 90 minutos. Todas as amostras foram, então, levadas ao MEV. As imagens das amostras imersas em água e soluções fluoretadas com pH 7,0, 6,5 e 6,0 não se apresentaram diferentes, no entanto a partir da solução fluoretada com pH 5,5, as imagens superficiais apresentaram características diferentes dos grupos anteriores. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, o pH crítico para corrosão de arcos NiTi em soluções de flúor a 1,1% parece estar entre 6,0 e 5,5

Objective: To determine the critical pH to occur corrosion of NiTi arches in 1.1% fluoride solutions by varying the pH between 3.5 and 7.0. Materials and Methods: Twelve samples of 10 mm length superelastic NiTi wire 0017 x 0025 (Abzil) obtained in the distal segment of the arcs. The samples were randomly separated and immersed in 40 ml of six solutions (water, fluoride solutions with pH: 3.5; 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5 and 7.0) under a shaker table for 90 minutes. All samples were observed under SEM. The images of the samples immersed in water and fluoride solutions at pH 7.0, 6.5 and 6.0 did not show differences, however from the fluoride solution at pH 5.5, the surface characteristics of images presented differences from above groups. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study the critical pH for corrosion of NiTi arches in fluoride solutions to 1.1% appears to be between 6.0 and 5.5

Comparison of Superelasticity of Nickel Titanium Orthodontic Arch wires using Mechanical Tensile Testing and Correlating with Electrical Resistivity.

BACKGROUND: Application of light and continuous forces for optimum physiological response and least damage to the tooth supporting structures should be the primary aim of the orthodontist. Nickel titanium alloys with the properties of excellent spring back, super elasticity and wide range of action is one of the natural choices for the clinicians to achieve this goal. In recent periods, various wire manufacturers have come with a variety of wires exhibiting different properties. It is the duty of the clinician to select appropriate wires during various stages of treatment for excellent results. For achieving this evaluation of the properties of these wires is essential. MATERIALS & METHODS: This study is focussed on evaluating the super elastic property of eight groups of austenite active nickel titanium wires. Eight groups of archwires bought from eight different manufacturers were studied. These wires were tested through mechanical tensile testing and electrical resistivity methods. RESULTS: Unloading curves were carefully assessed for superelastic behaviour on deactivation. Rankings of the wires tested were based primarily upon the unloading curve's slope Conclusion: Ortho organisers wires ranked first and superior, followed by American Orthodontics and Ormco A wires. Morelli and GAClowland NiTi wires were ranked last. It can be concluded that the performance of these wires based on rankings should be further evaluated by clinical studies. How to cite this article: Sivaraj A. Comparison of Superelasticity of Nickel Titanium Orthodontic Arch wires using Mechanical Tensile Testing and Correlating with Electrical Resistivity. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(3):1-12.