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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;31(supl.1): e2024052, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574992

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study analyzes the influence of hospitals on medical specialization and resulting implications for the history of public health from 1880 to 1933, with a focus on Lisbon as a case study. After the 1755 earthquake, a shift occurred from Renaissance-style hospitals to a network of hospitals that strategically occupied diverse urban spaces, significantly shaping the modernization of medicine and governmental healthcare policies. Employing the framework of the history of science, technology and medicine studies, this research enriches the historiography of hospitals, offering comprehensive insight into their societal significance during the study period.


Resumo O estudo analisa a influência dos hospitais na especialização médica e as implicações resultantes para a história da saúde pública de 1880 a 1933, com foco em Lisboa como um estudo de caso. Após o terremoto de 1755, ocorreu uma mudança dos hospitais de estilo renascentista para uma rede de hospitais que ocupava estrategicamente diversos espaços urbanos, moldando significativamente a modernização da medicina e as políticas governamentais de saúde. Empregando a estrutura dos estudos de história da ciência, tecnologia e medicina, a pesquisa enriquece a historiografia dos hospitais, oferecendo uma visão abrangente de sua importância social durante o período estudado.

2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;23(3): 829-846, jul.-set. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-792557

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este trabajo estudia el papel desempeñado por la Cruz Roja Española (fundada en 1864) en la introducción y difusión de tecnologías humanitarias y el desarrollo de la ciencia médica en España, sirviéndonos del estudio de caso relativo a la atención a soldados enfermos y heridos, repatriados de las guerras de Cuba, Filipinas y Marruecos, y del análisis del impacto que estas medidas tuvieron sobre las necesidades asistenciales y de salud pública de la población civil. El artículo muestra cómo esta organización articuló la provisión de asistencia médica para los soldados españoles, estableciendo una red de centros sanitarios especializados, destinados, posteriormente, también al cuidado de la población civil y a la atención de nuevos problemas de salud pública.


Abstract This article examines the role played by the Spanish Red Cross (founded in 1864) in the introduction and spread of humanitarian technologies and the development of medical science in Spain, using the case study of medical care for sick and wounded soldiers repatriated during the wars in Cuba, the Philippines and Morocco, and analyzing the impact these measures had on health care and public health among the civilian population. The article shows how this organization set up health care for Spanish soldiers, establishing a network of specialized medical centers that were later also used to provide medical care for civilians and to address new public health problems.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Military Personnel/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Colonialism/history , Relief Work/history , Spain
3.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;23(3): 867-886, jul.-set. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-792558

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este trabajo estudia la función central que los Estados-nación continuaron teniendo en la Cruz Roja durante el periodo de entreguerras. A finales del siglo XIX, España lideró la creación de instituciones humanitarias de estilo europeo en Marruecos. Sin embargo, su secular inestabilidad como Estado, agravada por el desastre colonial de 1898, terminó con el proyecto regeneracionista de una Cruz Roja marroquí. Cuando en 1912 se estableció el protectorado español, la Cruz Roja Española quedó marginada por la competencia francesa, la internacionalización de Tánger y el rechazo local. Éste último culminó en la llamada Guerra del Rif de 1921-1927, mezcla de revuelta anticolonial y guerra internacional, que expuso de forma cruda las prolongadas necesidades del Estado español y su Cruz Roja.


Abstract This article studies the central role of nation-states in the Red Cross during the interwar period. In the late nineteenth century, Spain pioneered the creation of European-style humanitarian institutions in Morocco. However, its perennial instability as a state, aggravated by the colonial disaster of 1898, put an end to the regenerationist project of a Moroccan Red Cross. When the Spanish protectorate was established in 1912, the Spanish Red Cross was overshadowed by competition from its French counterpart, the internationalization of Tangiers and resistance from the local inhabitants. This culminated in the so-called Rif War of 1921-1927, a mixture of anticolonial revolt and international war that vividly exposed the ingrained deficiencies of the Spanish State and its Red Cross.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Colonialism/history , Red Cross/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Morocco , Spain
4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;17(supl.2): 400-420, dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-578714

ABSTRACT

Aborda o desenvolvimento da psiquiatria no Brasil, entre o final do século XIX e as três primeiras décadas do XX, com base no estudo da construção de saberes e práticas, neste campo, acerca do alcoolismo. Discute a visão da psiquiatria sobre a responsabilidade do álcool na manifestação da loucura. Trata a hipótese de que o conceito de 'psicose alcoólica' buscou enfeixar os sintomas e problemas causados no indivíduo pelo alcoolismo crônico. Chama atenção para o fato de que esta era uma 'doença social', definição que a aproxima das classes populares: de seus costumes, práticas e condições de vida. Procura analisar as internações nos hospícios, recuperando os ecos das discussões médicas e tomando as reflexões do escritor Lima Barreto como contraponto ao saber médico da época.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Alcoholism/history , History of Medicine , Medicine in Literature , Psychiatry/history , Mental Health/history , Brazil
5.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;12(supl): 231-264, 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-570814

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se presentan algunos problemas ligados a la historia de los museos. El énfasis en las capacidades y misiones a cumplir por los museos no necesariamente habla del poder de los museos para crear hábitos o imponer significados, pueden remitir a la debilidad de los mismos y a la necesidad de apelar a dicha retórica para atraer la atención de los favores y los presupuestos gubernamentales. Por ello, quedarse en el aspecto monumental, representativo o metafórico de los museos oscurece la historia de estas instituciones y de las prácticas allí consolidadas, naturalizando la separación entre espacio de investigación y espacios para el público y dejando para el historiador el papel de profano observador de las 'catedrales de la ciencia'.


In this examination of certain issues related to the history of museums. An emphasis on the functions and missions entrusted to museums does not necessarily reflect the power museums have to create habits or shape meanings. To the contrary, this may reflect the actual fragility of museums and their need to resort to rhetoric to attract governmental favors and funds. Therefore, concentrating on the monumental, representative, or metaphorical aspects of museums obscures the history of these institutions and of their consolidated practices, there by naturalizing the separation between research space and public space and leaving the historian to play the role of an uninitiated observer of the 'cathedrals of science'.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Museums , Natural History , Science , Museums/history , Natural History/education , Natural History/history , Natural History/trends , Science/education , Science/history , Science/trends
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