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1.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 48(4): 200-210, abr. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-231955

ABSTRACT

Objective To explore combined non-invasive-respiratory-support (NIRS) patterns, reasons for NIRS switching, and their potential impact on clinical outcomes in acute-hypoxemic-respiratory-failure (AHRF) patients. Design Retrospective, single-center observational study. Setting Intensive Care Medicine. Patients AHRF patients (cardiac origin and respiratory acidosis excluded) underwent combined NIRS therapies such as non-invasive-ventilation (NIV) and High-Flow-Nasal-Cannula (HFNC). Interventions Patients were classified based on the first NIRS switch performed (HFNC-to-NIV or NIV-to-HFNC), and further specific NIRS switching strategies (NIV trial-like vs. Non-NIV trial-like and single vs. multiples switches) were independently evaluated. Main variables of interest Reasons for switching, NIRS failure and mortality rates. Results A total of 63 patients with AHRF were included, receiving combined NIRS, 58.7% classified in the HFNC-to-NIV group and 41.3% in the NIV-to-HFNC group. Reason for switching from HFNC to NIV was AHRF worsening (100%), while from NIV to HFNC was respiratory improvement (76.9%). NIRS failure rates were higher in the HFNC-to-NIV than in NIV-to-HFNC group (81% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). Among HFNC-to-NIV patients, there was no difference in the failure rate between the NIV trial-like and non-NIV trial-like groups (86% vs. 78%, p = 0.575) but the mortality rate was significantly lower in NIV trial-like group (14% vs. 52%, p = 0.02). Among NIV to HFNC patients, NIV failure was lower in the single switch group compared to the multiple switches group (15% vs. 53%, p = 0.039), with a shorter length of stay (5 [2–8] vs. 12 [8–30] days, p = 0.001). Conclusions NIRS combination is used in real life and both switches’ strategies, HFNC to NIV and NIV to HFNC, are common in AHRF management. Transitioning from HFNC to NIV is suggested as a therapeutic escalation and in this context performance of a NIV-trial could be beneficial. ... (AU)


Objetivo Explorar los patrones combinados de soporte-respiratorio-no-invasivo (SRNI), las razones para cambiar de SRNI y su potencial impacto en los resultados clínicos en pacientes con insuficiencia-respiratoria-aguda-hipoxémica (IRAH). Diseño Estudio observacional retrospectivo unicéntrico. Ámbito Cuidados Intensivos. Pacientes Pacientes con IRAH (excluyendo causa cardíaca y acidosis respiratoria) que recibieron tanto ventilación-no-invasiva (VNI) como cánula-nasal-de-alto-flujo (CNAF). Intervenciones Se categorizó a los pacientes según el primer cambio de SRNI realizado (CNAF-to-VNI o VNI-to-CNAF) y se evaluaron estrategias específicas de SRNI (VNI trial-like vs. Non-VNI trial-like y cambio único vs. múltiples cambios de NIRS) de manera independiente. Variables de interés principales Razones para el cambio, así como las tasas de fracaso de SRNI y la mortalidad. Resultados Un total de 63 pacientes recibieron SRNI combinado, 58,7% clasificados en el grupo CNAF-to-VNI y 41,3% en el grupo VNI-to-CNAF. Los cambios de CNAF a VNI ocurrieron por empeoramiento de la IRHA (100%) y de VNI a CNAF por mejora respiratoria (76.9%). Las tasas de fracaso de SRNI fueron mayores de CNAF a VNI que de VNI a CNAF (81% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). Dentro de los pacientes de CNAF a VNI, no hubo diferencia en las tasas de fracaso entre los grupos VNI trial-like y no-VNI trial-like (86% vs. 78%, p = 0.575), pero la mortalidad fue menor en el grupo VNI trial-like (14% vs. 52%, p = 0.02). Dentro de los pacientes de VNI a CNAF, el fracaso de VNI fue menor en grupo de cambio único vs. múltiple (15% vs. 53%, p = 0.039). Conclusiones Los cambios de estrategia de SRNI son comunes en el manejo clínico diario de la IRHA. El cambio de CNAF a VNI impresiona de ser una escalada terapéutica y en este contexto la realización de un VNI-trial puede ser beneficioso. Al contrario, cambiar de VNI a CNAF impresiona de ser una desescalada terapéutica y parece segura si no hay fracaso ... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiratory Protective Devices , Respiratory Mechanics , Interactive Ventilatory Support , Conservative Treatment/instrumentation , Conservative Treatment/methods , Retrospective Studies , Pneumonia , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
2.
Rev. argent. cir ; 116(1): 50-55, mar. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559265

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: el tratamiento conservador no invasivo del traumatismo esplénico disminuye intervenciones quirúrgicas innecesarias y depende centro asistencial donde es aplicado. Objetivo: describir los resultados del tratamiento conservador no invasivo de pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado con lesión esplénica y correlacionarlos con variables preoperatorias. Material y métodos: trabajo observacional descriptivo de pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado con lesión esplénica ingresados entre 2012-2022. Se analizaron cinemática del traumatismo, lesiones asociadas, grado de lesión tomográfica y de hemoperitoneo, lugar de internación y resultado del tratamiento conservador no invasivo. Resultados: en 102 pacientes la cinemática del traumatismo de mayor frecuencia fue moto/auto (47,1%); el porcentaje de éxito del tratamiento conservador no invasivo fue 66,6%, y se relacionó con el grado de lesión tomográfica (p <0,001), grado de hemoperitoneo (p <0,001), presencia de otras lesiones (p <0,001), traumatismo encéfalo craneano grave (p <0,009), y lugar de internación (p <0,002). Conclusión: a pesar de no contar con todos los recursos humanos y tecnológicos recomendados, el tratamiento conservador no invasivo en esta serie tuvo resultados comparables con centros de mayor complejidad.


ABSTRACT Background: Non-invasive conservative treatment of splenic trauma reduces the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions and depends on the type of healthcare center involved. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of non-invasive conservative treatment in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and splenic injury and their correlation with the preoperative variables. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective and observational study of patients admitted with blunt abdominal trauma and splenic injury between 2012 and 2022. The variables analyzed were kinematics of trauma, lesion severity on computed tomography images, amount of hemoperitoneum, type of unit of hospitalization and results of non-invasive conservative treatment. Results: Among 102 patients, the most common kinematics of trauma was motorcycle-to-car collisions (47.1%); the success rate of non-invasive conservative treatment was 66.6%, and was associated with lesion severity on computed tomography images (p < 0.001), amount of hemoperitoneum (p < 0.001), presence of other injuries (p < 0.001), severe trauma brain injury (p < 0.009), and type of unit of hospitalization (p < 0.002). Conclusion: Despite the absence of recommended human and technological resources, the results of non-invasive conservative treatment in this series were comparable to those obtained in high complexity centers.

3.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 48(4): 200-210, 2024 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37985338

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore combined non-invasive-respiratory-support (NIRS) patterns, reasons for NIRS switching, and their potential impact on clinical outcomes in acute-hypoxemic-respiratory-failure (AHRF) patients. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center observational study. SETTING: Intensive Care Medicine. PATIENTS: AHRF patients (cardiac origin and respiratory acidosis excluded) underwent combined NIRS therapies such as non-invasive-ventilation (NIV) and High-Flow-Nasal-Cannula (HFNC). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were classified based on the first NIRS switch performed (HFNC-to-NIV or NIV-to-HFNC), and further specific NIRS switching strategies (NIV trial-like vs. Non-NIV trial-like and single vs. multiples switches) were independently evaluated. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Reasons for switching, NIRS failure and mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients with AHRF were included, receiving combined NIRS, 58.7% classified in the HFNC-to-NIV group and 41.3% in the NIV-to-HFNC group. Reason for switching from HFNC to NIV was AHRF worsening (100%), while from NIV to HFNC was respiratory improvement (76.9%). NIRS failure rates were higher in the HFNC-to-NIV than in NIV-to-HFNC group (81% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). Among HFNC-to-NIV patients, there was no difference in the failure rate between the NIV trial-like and non-NIV trial-like groups (86% vs. 78%, p = 0.575) but the mortality rate was significantly lower in NIV trial-like group (14% vs. 52%, p = 0.02). Among NIV to HFNC patients, NIV failure was lower in the single switch group compared to the multiple switches group (15% vs. 53%, p = 0.039), with a shorter length of stay (5 [2-8] vs. 12 [8-30] days, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NIRS combination is used in real life and both switches' strategies, HFNC to NIV and NIV to HFNC, are common in AHRF management. Transitioning from HFNC to NIV is suggested as a therapeutic escalation and in this context performance of a NIV-trial could be beneficial. Conversely, switching from NIV to HFNC is suggested as a de-escalation strategy that is deemed safe if there is no NIRS failure.


Subject(s)
Noninvasive Ventilation , Respiratory Insufficiency , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Cannula , Respiration, Artificial
4.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 46(9): 732-746, nov. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-226953

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Después de casi 20 años utilizando la elastografía de transición para el diagnóstico no invasivo de la fibrosis hepática, su uso se ha extendido al cribado poblacional, la evaluación de la esteatosis y las complicaciones de la cirrosis. Por ello, la «Societat Catalana de Digestologia» encargó a un grupo de expertos actualizar el primer Documento realizado en 2011. Material y métodos: El grupo de trabajo (8 médicos y 4 enfermeras) elaboró un panel de preguntas en base a la encuesta online «Elastografía Hepática en Cataluña 2022» siguiendo la estructura PICO y el método Delphi. Resultados: Las respuestas se presentan con el nivel de evidencia, el grado de recomendación y el consenso final tras ser evaluadas por 2 revisores externos. Conclusión: La elastografía de transición utiliza el método elastográfico más sencillo y fiable para cuantificar la fibrosis hepática, evaluar la esteatosis y conocer el riesgo de complicaciones en pacientes con cirrosis. El documento ha sido avalado por la «Societat Catalana de Digestologia» y el «Col legi Oficial d’Infermeres i Infermers de Barcelona». (AU)


Introduction: After almost 20 years using transient elastography (TE) for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis, its use has been extended to population screening, evaluation of steatosis and complications of cirrhosis. For this reason, the «Catalan Society of Gastroenterology» commissioned a group of experts to update the first document carried out in 2011. Material and methods: The working group (8 doctors and 4 nurses) prepared a panel of questions based on the online survey «Hepatic Elastography in Catalonia 2022» following the PICO structure and the Delphi method. Results: The answers are presented with the level of evidence, the degree of recommendation and the final consensus after being evaluated by two external reviewers. Conclusion: Transient elastography uses the simplest and most reliable elastographic method to quantify liver fibrosis, assess steatosis, and determine the risk of complications in patients with cirrhosis. The document has been endorsed by the “Catalan Society of Gastroenterology” and the “Col·legi Oficial d’Infermeres i Infermers de Barcelona”. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Fatty Liver/pathology , Gastroenterology , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Fibrosis , Spain
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447184

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En las enfermedades neuromusculares la disminución de la capacidad vital se relaciona con dismunición de la capacidad tusígena y luego ventilatoria, la combinación de ambas genera complicaciones graves por falla ventilatoria. En los pacientes que son intubados, limita la extubación, sino se realizan cuidados respiratorios especializados. El conocimiento y aplicación de los profesionales que atienden a estos pacientes en cuidados intensivos resulta esencial. Objetivos: Reportar el conocimiento y aplicación especializada de cuidados respiratorios en enfermedades neuromusculares en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, no probabilístico, a criterio. La población accesible fueron profesionales de la Salud de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, y el análisis de las respuestas de una encuesta estructurada, enviada a distintos profesionales a nivel mundial. Resultados: Se incluyeron los cuestionarios de 41 profesionales, el 34% de los profesionales reportaron la utilización regular de Asistente Mecánico de la Tos; 22% refirieron la utilización regular de apilamiento de aire; 31% reportaron la utilización regular de Asistencia Ventilatoria No Invasiva, 56.1% de los profesionales afirmaron conocer la diferencia entre Ventilación No Invasiva y Soporte Ventilatorio No Invasivo, 34% de los profesionales refirieron tener formación especializada en el área. Conclusión: Pese a existir una alta proporción de profesionales con conocimiento especializado, un grupo importante no los aplica rutinariamente. La justificación es principalmente por la dificultad de adquisición y financiación de los equipos necesarios.


Introduction: In neuromuscular diseases, the decrease in vital capacity relates to decreased coughing and then ventilatory capacity, the combination of both generating serious complications due to ventilatory failure. In intubated patients, the extubation process is difficult unless specialized respiratory care is provided. The knowledge and treatment application of the professionals who care for these patients in intensive care is of outmost importance. Objectives: Report the knowledge and specialized application of respiratory care in neuromuscular diseases in Intensive Care Units. Materials and methods: Qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study, at criteria. The accessible population were Health professionals from the Intensive Care Units, and the analysis of the responses of a structured survey, sent to different professionals worldwide. Results: The questionnaires of 41 professionals were included, 34% of the professionals reported the regular use of the Mechanical Cough Assistant; 22% reported the regular use of air stacking; 31% reported the regular use of Non-Invasive Ventilatory Assistance. 56.1% of the professionals stated that they knew the difference between Non-Invasive Ventilation and Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support, 34% of the professionals reported having specialized training in the area. Conclusion: Despite the existence of a high proportion of professionals with specialized knowledge, an important group does not routinely apply them. The justification is mainly due to the difficulty of acquiring and financing the necessary equipment.

6.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 56(2): 46-55, 20230801.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451134

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En las enfermedades neuromusculares la disminución de la capacidad vital se relaciona con disminución de la capacidad tusígena y luego ventilatoria, la combinación de ambas genera complicaciones graves por falla ventilatoria. En los pacientes que son intubados, limita la extubación, sino se realizan cuidados respiratorios especializados. El conocimiento y aplicación de los profesionales que atienden a estos pacientes en cuidados intensivos resulta esencial. Objetivos: Reportar el conocimiento y aplicación especializada de cuidados respiratorios en enfermedades neuromusculares en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, no probabilístico, a criterio. La población accesible fueron profesionales de la Salud de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, y el análisis de las respuestas de una encuesta estructurada, enviada a distintos profesionales a nivel mundial. Resultados: Se incluyeron los cuestionarios de 41 profesionales, el 34% de los profesionales reportaron la utilización regular de Asistente Mecánico de la Tos; 22% refirieron la utilización regular de apilamiento de aire; 31% reportaron la utilización regular de Asistencia Ventilatoria No Invasiva, 56.1% de los profesionales afirmaron conocer la diferencia entre Ventilación No Invasiva y Soporte Ventilatorio No Invasivo, 34% de los profesionales refirieron tener formación especializada en el área. Conclusión: Pese a existir una alta proporción de profesionales con conocimiento especializado, un grupo importante no los aplica rutinariamente. La justificación es principalmente por la dificultad de adquisición y financiación de los equipos necesarios.


Introduction: In neuromuscular diseases, the decrease in vital capacity relates to decreased coughing and then ventilatory capacity, the combination of both generating serious complications due to ventilatory failure. In intubated patients, the extubation process is difficult unless specialized respiratory care is provided. The knowledge and treatment application of the professionals who care for these patients in intensive care is of outmost importance. Objectives: Report the knowledge and specialized application of respiratory care in neuromuscular diseases in Intensive Care Units. Materials and methods: Qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study, at criteria. The accessible population were Health professionals from the Intensive Care Units, and the analysis of the responses of a structured survey, sent to different professionals worldwide. Results: The questionnaires of 41 professionals were included, 34% of the professionals reported the regular use of the Mechanical Cough Assistant; 22% reported the regular use of air stacking; 31% reported the regular use of Non-Invasive Ventilatory Assistance. 56.1% of the professionals stated that they knew the difference between Non-Invasive Ventilation and Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support, 34% of the professionals reported having specialized training in the area. Conclusion: Despite the existence of a high proportion of professionals with specialized knowledge, an important group does not routinely apply them. The justification is mainly due to the difficulty of acquiring and financing the necessary equipment.

7.
Rev. esp. patol ; 56(2): 124-128, Abr-Jun 2023. ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-219167

ABSTRACT

Mixed pancreatic epithelial and mesenchymal tumors are rare, usually invasive, entities. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma and shares mutations with its invasive counterparts. We report the case of a 72-year-old female with a previously undescribed sarcomatous transformation of a residual IPMN with no evidence of an invasive component. The mesenchymal component showed no heterologous differentiation. Both the epithelial and the mesenchymal populations showed aberrant expression of p53 protein and the same point mutation in KRAS gene. After a 6 month follow up, there were no signs of local or distant relapse. The present case suggests that sarcomatous transformation is possible in non-invasive, intraductal pancreatic lesions.(AU)


Las neoplasias pancreáticas mixtas son entidades raras que usualmente asocian comportamientos invasivos. La neoplasia papilar mucinosa intraductal (NPMI) es una lesión precursora del carcinoma invasivo que comparte con este último mutaciones clave. En el presente estudio se reporta por primera vez una transformación sarcomatosa sobre NPMI residual sin evidencia de componente infiltrante en una paciente de 72años. El componente mesenquimal no mostró diferenciación heteróloga. Tanto la población mesenquimal como la epitelial mostraron tinción aberrante para p53 y albergaban la misma mutación en el gen KRAS. Tras 6meses de seguimiento, la paciente no mostró signos de recaída local ni a distancia. El presente estudio demuestra que es posible una transformación sarcomatosa sobre NPMI.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Inpatients , Physical Examination , Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms , Pancreas/injuries , Pancreatic Neoplasms
8.
Clín. investig. ginecol. obstet. (Ed. impr.) ; 50(2): [100828], Abr-Jun 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219226

ABSTRACT

Revisión de la etiopatogenia y clasificación de las anomalías de la diferenciación sexual, así como del desarrollo genital prenatal, para que resulte de utilidad en la evaluación y manejo diagnóstico, mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica de la literatura más actual publicada a través de las bases de datos PubMed, MedLine, Embase, BioMed Central y SciELO. Las anomalías de la diferenciación sexual comprenden un amplio espectro de enfermedades que pueden desarrollarse en diferentes etapas de la vida. Estas anomalías requieren un manejo y evaluación compleja multidisciplinar en la que el obstetra desarrolla un papel fundamental, siendo referente en el diagnóstico prenatal de estas. La discordancia entre el sexo genético determinado por el test prenatal no invasivo y el fenotípico observado por medio de la ecografía es un hallazgo cada vez más frecuente, con una incidencia de 1 por cada 1.500-2.000 embarazos. La detección temprana de esta discordancia puede orientar la sospecha clínica y mejorar el manejo de las anomalías del desarrollo sexual desde la etapa prenatal.(AU)


To review the most current literature on the aetiopathogenesis and classification of abnormalities of sexual differentiation, as well as prenatal genital development. A literature search through PubMed, MedLine, Embase, BioMed Central, and SciELO databases was conducted. Abnormalities of sexual differentiation comprise a wide spectrum of diseases that can develop at different stages of life. These anomalies require complex evaluation by a multidisciplinary team in which the obstetrician plays a fundamental role in prenatal diagnosis. Discrepancy between the genetic sex determined by non-invasive prenatal testing and the phenotypic sex observed by ultrasound is an increasingly frequent finding, with an incidence of 1 in 1,500-2,000 pregnancies. Early detection of this discrepancy can guide clinical suspicion and improve the management of different sexual developmental anomalies from the prenatal period.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Sex Differentiation , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Disorders of Sex Development , Gynecology , Obstetrics
9.
Rev Esp Patol ; 56(2): 124-128, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37061239

ABSTRACT

Mixed pancreatic epithelial and mesenchymal tumors are rare, usually invasive, entities. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma and shares mutations with its invasive counterparts. We report the case of a 72-year-old female with a previously undescribed sarcomatous transformation of a residual IPMN with no evidence of an invasive component. The mesenchymal component showed no heterologous differentiation. Both the epithelial and the mesenchymal populations showed aberrant expression of p53 protein and the same point mutation in KRAS gene. After a 6 month follow up, there were no signs of local or distant relapse. The present case suggests that sarcomatous transformation is possible in non-invasive, intraductal pancreatic lesions.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal , Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Aged , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics , Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
10.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 46(4): 9-16, abr. 2023. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219129

ABSTRACT

La hipotermia perioperatoria inadvertida sigue siendo un problema clínico de alta incidencia asociado a graves complicaciones. La monitorización de la temperatura central en el proceso perioperatorio es recomendada por las guías clínicas nacionales e internacionales con un nivel de evidencia elevado. El sistema de monitorización de temperatura 3M™ Bair Hugger™ surge como respuesta a una necesidad clínica, innovando al medir de manera directa, precisa y no invasiva la evolución de la temperatura central del paciente. Las características de este dispositivo lo sitúan como una gran opción para monitorizar la hipotermia perioperatoria de una manera sencilla y cómoda para el paciente, evitando las complicaciones y sus costes hospitalarios derivados. (AU)


Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia remains a clinical problem of high incidence associated with serious complications. The core temperature monitoring in the perioperative process is recommended by national and international clinical guidelines with a high level of evidence. The 3M™ Bair Hugger™ Temperature Monitoring System arises in response to a clinical need, innovating by measuring in a direct, precise and non-invasive way the evolution of the patient’s core temperature. This device characteristics place it as a great option to control perioperative hypothermia in a simple and comfortable way for the patient, avoiding complications and it´s hospital costs. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , 34628 , Hypothermia , Perioperative Care/instrumentation , Temperature
11.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535893

ABSTRACT

Patients with fatty liver are almost always asymptomatic; aminotransferases are usually elevated two to five times the expected value and are an important cause of initial consultation. All images can show fatty liver, and liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. In any patient, non-invasive tests are an excellent alternative to biopsy to determine the degree of liver fibrosis and establish the stage of fibrogenesis. Weight loss and exercise are the fundamental pillars of the indicated treatment for all patients with overweight or obesity; a weight loss between 5% and 10% and a diet with caloric restriction of 500-1000 kcal/day, low in saturated fat and rich in Mediterranean diet products such as fruit, fish, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, among others, are recommended. There are other treatments, such as pharmacological measures and endoscopic and surgical procedures.


Los pacientes con hígado graso son casi siempre asintomáticos, las aminotransferasas usualmente están elevadas dos a cinco veces el valor normal y son una causa importante de consulta inicial. Todas las imágenes pueden evidenciar el hígado graso y la biopsia hepática sigue siendo la prueba de oro para su diagnóstico. En cualquier paciente las pruebas no invasivas son una excelente alternativa a la biopsia para determinar el grado de fibrosis hepática y establecer en qué etapa de la fibrogénesis se encuentra. La pérdida de peso y el ejercicio son los pilares fundamentales del tratamiento indicado para todos los pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad; se recomienda una pérdida de peso entre 5% y 10% del peso corporal y una dieta con restricción calórica de 500-1000 kcal/día, baja en grasas saturadas y rica en productos de la dieta mediterránea como fruta, pescado, verduras, frutos secos, aceite de oliva, entre otros. Hay otros tratamientos como las medidas farmacológicas y los procedimientos endoscópicos y quirúrgicos.

12.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 46(9): 732-746, 2023 Nov.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36435378

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: After almost 20 years using transient elastography (TE) for the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis, its use has been extended to population screening, evaluation of steatosis and complications of cirrhosis. For this reason, the «Catalan Society of Gastroenterology¼ commissioned a group of experts to update the first document carried out in 2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The working group (8 doctors and 4 nurses) prepared a panel of questions based on the online survey «Hepatic Elastography in Catalonia 2022¼ following the PICO structure and the Delphi method. RESULTS: The answers are presented with the level of evidence, the degree of recommendation and the final consensus after being evaluated by two external reviewers. CONCLUSION: Transient elastography uses the simplest and most reliable elastographic method to quantify liver fibrosis, assess steatosis, and determine the risk of complications in patients with cirrhosis. The document has been endorsed by the "Catalan Society of Gastroenterology" and the "Col·legi Oficial d'Infermeres i Infermers de Barcelona".


Subject(s)
Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Fatty Liver , Gastroenterology , Humans , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Fibrosis , Fatty Liver/pathology
13.
Int. j interdiscip. dent. (Print) ; 15(3): 240-244, dic. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421732

ABSTRACT

La mayor expectativa de vida de la población mundial ha llevado a una mayor conservación dentaria y como consecuencia, a una mayor prevalencia de caries radicular en la población mayor. La información epidemiológica ha mostrado que el enfoque invasivo de la odontología restauradora no ha sido capaz de dar una solución a esta problemática de salud pública. El enfoque de la Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID), a través de las terapias no invasivas (TNIs) en base a fluoruros de alta concentración, podrían ser la clave para abordar esta problemática debido a su enfoque conservador, centrado en el paciente y a través del curso de vida. Este artículo pretende mostrar la evidencia existente acerca de las TNIs en base a fluoruros de alta concentración más utilizadas para lesiones de caries radicular (RCLs), a saber, los dentífricos de 5.000 ppm, barnices de flúor y fluoruro diamino de plata. La evidencia científica demuestra que estas TNIs son una alternativa terapéutica en población mayor a pesar de la aun limitada evidencia científica existente para este grupo etario. Por lo tanto, se requieren mayores estudios en población mayor que sustenten estas intervenciones clínicas, principalmente en aquella población con compromiso funcional y/o cognitivo.


The longer life expectancy of the world population has led to a greater dental conservation and, as a consequence, to a higher prevalence of root caries in the elderly population. Epidemiological data have shown that the invasive approach of restorative dentistry has not been able to provide a solution to this public health problem. The Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) approach, through non-invasive therapies (NIT) based on high-concentration fluorides, could be the key to address this problem due to its conservative, patient-centered and life-course approach. This article aims to show the existing evidence about the most commonly used high-concentration fluoride-based NITTs for root caries lesions (RCLs), namely 5,000 ppm dentifrices, fluoride varnishes and silver diamine fluoride. The scientific evidence shows that these NITs are a therapeutic alternative in the elderly population despite the still limited scientific evidence for this age group. Therefore, further studies are required in the elderly population to support these clinical interventions, mainly in the population with functional and/or cognitive compromise.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , Root Caries , Dentistry , Fluorides/therapeutic use
14.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 79(4): 222-227, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36100205

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to pediatric intensive care units. Medical treatment is primarily supportive. The usefulness of high-flow oxygen (HFO) nasal cannula in these patients has been described. This study evaluated the clinical and analytical variables of patients admitted to our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for initiation or continuation of HFO for respiratory distress and to identify any variable that may be a predictor of success or failure of this technique. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study that included infants aged < 24 months admitted to our PICU due to bronchiolitis between January 2015 and March 2019 for HFO. RESULTS: We analyzed the characteristics between responders (n = 112) and non-responders (n = 37). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding sex, age, weight, comorbidities, nasopharyngeal aspirate result, hours of evolution, and respiratory and heart rate. However, a pCO2 ≥ 75 mmHg (p = 0.043) and a SCORE of bronchiolitis severity (p = 0.032) were predictors of HFNC failure. CONCLUSIONS: The pCO2 level and SCORE of bronchiolitis severity are predictors of this respiratory support modality.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La bronquiolitis es uno de los motivos más frecuentes de ingreso en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP); el tratamiento médico es básicamente de soporte. Se ha descrito la utilidad de la oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (OAF) en estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar algunas variables clínicas y analíticas de los pacientes que ingresan en nuestra UCIP para inicio o continuación de OAF ante cuadros de dificultad respiratoria e identificar cualquier variable que pueda ser factor predictor del éxito o fracaso de esta técnica. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional, incluyendo lactantes menores de 24 meses ingresados en la UCIP entre enero de 2015 y marzo de 2019 para OAF ante cuadros de bronquiolitis. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron las características entre el grupo de respondedores (n = 112) y no respondedores (n = 37). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al sexo, edad, peso, comorbilidades, resultado del aspirado naso-faríngeo, horas de evolución, frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardiaca entre ambos grupos. Sin embargo, una pCO2 ≥75 mmHg (p = 0.043) y un SCORE de gravedad de la bronquiolitis mayor (p = 0.032) fueron factores predictores de fracaso de la OAF. CONCLUSIONES: El nivel de pCO2 y el SCORE de gravedad de la bronquiolitis son factores predictores de esta modalidad de soporte respiratorio.


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis , Cannula , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Child , Humans , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Oxygen , Retrospective Studies
15.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 79(4): 222-227, Jul.-Aug. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403643

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Bronchiolitis is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to pediatric intensive care units. Medical treatment is primarily supportive. The usefulness of high-flow oxygen (HFO) nasal cannula in these patients has been described. This study evaluated the clinical and analytical variables of patients admitted to our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for initiation or continuation of HFO for respiratory distress and to identify any variable that may be a predictor of success or failure of this technique. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study that included infants aged < 24 months admitted to our PICU due to bronchiolitis between January 2015 and March 2019 for HFO. Results: We analyzed the characteristics between responders (n = 112) and non-responders (n = 37). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding sex, age, weight, comorbidities, nasopharyngeal aspirate result, hours of evolution, and respiratory and heart rate. However, a pCO2 ≥ 75 mmHg (p = 0.043) and a SCORE of bronchiolitis severity (p = 0.032) were predictors of HFNC failure. Conclusions: The pCO2 level and SCORE of bronchiolitis severity are predictors of this respiratory support modality.


Resumen Introducción: La bronquiolitis es uno de los motivos más frecuentes de ingreso en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP); el tratamiento médico es básicamente de soporte. Se ha descrito la utilidad de la oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (OAF) en estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar algunas variables clínicas y analíticas de los pacientes que ingresan en nuestra UCIP para inicio o continuación de OAF ante cuadros de dificultad respiratoria e identificar cualquier variable que pueda ser factor predictor del éxito o fracaso de esta técnica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional, incluyendo lactantes menores de 24 meses ingresados en la UCIP entre enero de 2015 y marzo de 2019 para OAF ante cuadros de bronquiolitis. Resultados: Se analizaron las características entre el grupo de respondedores (n = 112) y no respondedores (n = 37). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al sexo, edad, peso, comorbilidades, resultado del aspirado naso-faríngeo, horas de evolución, frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardiaca entre ambos grupos. Sin embargo, una pCO2 ≥75 mmHg (p = 0.043) y un SCORE de gravedad de la bronquiolitis mayor (p = 0.032) fueron factores predictores de fracaso de la OAF. Conclusiones: El nivel de pCO2 y el SCORE de gravedad de la bronquiolitis son factores predictores de esta modalidad de soporte respiratorio.

16.
Rev. patol. respir ; 25(2): 37-42, Abri - Jun 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207323

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir las características de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados respiratorios intermedios (UCRI) creada a raíz de la pandemia, analizar los factores asociados a la supervivencia y techo terapéutico. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo observacional, incluye todos los casos con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 que requirieron ingreso en UCRI. Variables analizadas: clínicas, analíticas, terapéuticas, supervivencia, soporte respiratorio y evolución oximétrica. Se realizó un análisis univariante para las diferencias según techo terapéutico y supervivencia a 90 días, para la evolución de la SpO2/FiO2 en el tiempo se ajustaron modelos lineales mixtos. Resultados: Participaron 37 pacientes. El 46% no eran candidatos a cuidados críticos. Características asociadas a orden de no intubación de manera significativa: edad más avanzada (p=0,001), mayor índice de Charlson (p=0,003), EPOC (p=0,014) o cáncer (p=0,033). Supervivencia global en UCRI del 58%, según techo terapéutico en no intubables la supervivencia fue del 41% mientras en intubables asciende al 89%. Las variables asociadas a mortalidad fueron mayor edad (p=0,012), mayor índice de Charlson (p=0,030), mayor valor de proteína C reativa (p=0,045), menor nº de linfocitos (p=0,019) y tratamiento con lopinovir/ritonavir (p=0,006). La SpO2/FiO2 media al inicio del soporte respiratorio no invasivo (SRNI) fue 112 (DE:23), el 81% padecían distrés grado moderado-severo. A menor SpO2/FiO2 inicial peor pronóstico (p<0,001), el uso de SRNI mejora de manera progresiva la SpO2/FiO2 a mayor número de horas de uso (p=0,006). Conclusiones: El SRNI en UCRI es seguro, mejora la oxigenación y ofrece opciones terapéuticas en pacientes no intubables.(AU)


Objective: To describe the characteristics of the patients admitted to an intermediate respiratory care unit (UCRI) created as a result of the pandemic, to analyze the factors associated with survival and therapeutic ceiling. Material and metho: Descriptive observational study, includes all cases with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia that required admission to UCRI. Variables analyzed: clinical, analytical, therapeutic, survival, respiratory support and oximetric evolution. A univariate analysis was performed for the differences according to therapeutic ceiling and survival at 90 days, for the evolution of SpO2/FiO2 over time, mixed linear models were adjusted. Results: 37 patients participated. The 46% of them were not candidates for critical care. Characteristics significantly associated with the order of non-intubation: older age (p = 0.001), higher Charlson index (p = 0.003), COPD (p = 0.014) or cancer (p = 0.033). Overall survival in UCRI 58%, according to the therapeutic ceiling in non-intubable patients, survival was 41%, while in intubable it was 89%. The variables associated with mortality were older age (p = 0.012), higher charlson index (p = 0.030), higher value of reactive protein C (p = 0.045), lower number of lymphocytes (p = 0.019) and treatment with lopinovir/ritonavir (p = 0.006). The mean SpO2/FiO2 at the beginning of non-invasive respiratory support (SRNI) was 112 (SD: 23), 81% suffered from moderate-severe distress. The lower the initial SpO2/FiO2, the worse the prognosis (p <0.001), the use of NIRS progressively improves the SpO2/FiO2 with the greater number of hours of use (p = 0.006). Conclusions: SRNI in UCRI is safe, improves oxygenation and offers therapeutic options in non-intubable patients.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Diseases/complications , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/drug therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections , Betacoronavirus , Intensive Care Units , Pneumonia , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Multivariate Analysis
17.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 46(2): 72-80, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35115112

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) to prevent therapeutic failure and the need of invasive ventilation in children with acute moderate-severe bronchiolitis. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane and gray literature (May 2020) was performed. PARTICIPANTS: Randomized clinical trials patients with moderate to severe bronchiolitis. MAIN VARIABLES: Therapeutic failure, need for invasive ventilation, adverse events, length of PCCU and of hospital stay. INTERVENTION: The quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk and bias tool. We conducted meta-analysis using fixed effect model and random effects model. RESULTS: Three RCTs were included. Showed less risk of therapeutic failure with CPAP compared with HFNC (RR=0.7; 95%CI 0.5-0.99) developed hours later in patients with CPAP (MD=3.16; 95%CI 1.55-4.77). We did not find differences in other outcomes, such as need of invasive ventilation (RR=0.60; 95%CI 0.25-1.43), apnea (RR=0.40; 95%CI 0.08-1.99), or number of days in the intensive care unit (MD=0.02; 95%CI -0.38 to 0.42), and length of hospitalization (MD=-1.00; 95%IC -2.66 to 0.66). Adverse events (skin lesions) were more common with CPAP (RR 2.47; 95%CI 1.17-5.22). CONCLUSIONS: In moderate/severe bronchiolitis CPAP demonstrated a lower risk of therapeutic failure and a longer time to failure. But more adverse events like nasal injury. There were no differences in other variables.


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis , Cannula , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Child , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Humans , Length of Stay
18.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(2): 72-80, feb. 2022. ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-204179

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) vs. High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) to prevent therapeutic failure and the need of invasive ventilation in children with acute moderate-severe bronchiolitis.Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.SettingMedline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane and gray literature (May 2020) was performed.ParticipantsRandomized clinical trials patients with moderate to severe bronchiolitis.Main variablesTherapeutic failure, need for invasive ventilation, adverse events, length of PCCU and of hospital stay.InterventionThe quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk and bias tool. We conducted meta-analysis using fixed effect model and random effects model.Results: Three RCTs were included. Showed less risk of therapeutic failure with CPAP compared with HFNC (RR=0.7; 95%CI 0.5–0.99) developed hours later in patients with CPAP (MD=3.16; 95%CI 1.55–4.77). We did not find differences in other outcomes, such as need of invasive ventilation (RR=0.60; 95%CI 0.25–1.43), apnea (RR=0.40; 95%CI 0.08–1.99), or number of days in the intensive care unit (MD=0.02; 95%CI −0.38 to 0.42), and length of hospitalization (MD=−1.00; 95%IC −2.66 to 0.66). Adverse events (skin lesions) were more common with CPAP (RR 2.47; 95%CI 1.17–5.22).Conclusion: sIn moderate/severe bronchiolitis CPAP demonstrated a lower risk of therapeutic failure and a longer time to failure. But more adverse events like nasal injury. There were no differences in other variables (AU)


Objetivo: Comparar la seguridad y la efectividad de la presión positiva continúa en la vía aérea (CPAP) y la cánula nasal de oxígeno de alto flujo (OAF) para prevenir el fracaso terapéutico y la necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva en niños con bronquiolitis aguda moderada y grave.Diseño: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.ÁmbitoBúsqueda en Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane y literatura gris (hasta mayo 2020).ParticipantesEnsayos clínicos aleatorizados en pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda moderada-grave.IntervencionesLa calidad de los estudios se evaluó utilizando la escala de riesgo de sesgos de Cochrane y se realizó un metaanálisis usando modelo de efectos fijos y de efectos aleatorios.VariablesFracaso terapéutico, necesidad de ventilación invasiva, eventos adversos, estancia en la UCIP y en hospitalización.Resultados: Tres estudios fueron incluidos. Evidenciamos menor riesgo de fracaso terapéutico en los pacientes con CPAP comparados con CAF (RR: 0,7; IC 95%: 0,5-0,99), y este se desarrolló más tarde en los pacientes con CPAP (MD: 3,16; IC 95%: 1,55-4,77). No hubo diferencias en otras variables, como la necesidad de ventilación invasiva (RR: 0,60; IC 95%: 0,25-1,43), apnea (RR: 0,40; IC 95%: 0,08-1,99), estancia en la UCIP (MD: 0,02; IC 95%: −0,38-0,42) y en hospitalización (MD: −1,00; IC 95%: −2,66-0,66). Los eventos adversos (lesiones en piel) fueron más comunes en CPAP (RR: 2,47; IC 95%: 1,17-5,22).Conclusiones: En bronquiolitis moderada y grave el CPAP demostró menor riesgo de fracaso terapéutico y una aparición más tardía, pero más eventos adversos (lesiones en piel). No encontramos diferencias en otras variables (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Treatment Outcome , Severity of Illness Index
19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34690105

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Fibrosis staging in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is carried out through the application of stepwise algorithms but there is little real-world data on their use. Our aim was to calculate the number of patients with NAFLD and indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, assessed through noninvasive scores, that consequently underwent further staging evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional multicenter cohort study was conducted on patients with NAFLD evaluated by hepatologists within the time frame of June 1 and July 31, 2018. The FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores were calculated in all the patients, and if at least one of the scores suggested indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, we believed the patient should have undergone additional fibrosis staging assessment. RESULTS: The study included 238 patients. The median time interval from NAFLD diagnosis and inclusion in the analysis was 12.2 months (IQR 3.0-36.5). A total of 128 (54%) patients had at least one noninvasive score that suggested indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis but studies to confirm the fibrosis grade (elastography, biopsy, etc.) were performed on only 72 (56%). The main barriers encountered by the physicians for applying the staging algorithms were related to health insurance coverage and imaging study costs. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of patients with NAFLD were at indeterminate or high risk for fibrosis, according to noninvasive scores, but additional studies were carried out on only half of them, showing low adherence to current recommendations.


Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Algorithms , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fibrosis , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis
20.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 17(4): 139-144, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438469

ABSTRACT

En algunas ocasiones, los pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares infantojuveniles, pueden requerir internación en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. La principal causa de ingreso hospitalario es la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, desencadenada por atelectasias y neumonías que, en la mayoría de los casos, tienen su inicio en infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior. Independientemente de su forma de presentación, las enfermedades neuromusculares en periodo infantojuvenil, pueden comprometer en grados distintos a los 3 grupos musculares vinculados a la ventilación pulmonar y protección glótica. Es posible dar asistencia a los músculos inspiratorios y espiratorios con soporte ventilatorio no invasivo y asistencia mecánica de la tos respectivamente. Esta estrategia combinada permite el manejo no invasivo de este tipo de pacientes, logrando extubar o decanular a aquellos considerados potencialmente no destetables con las estrategias clásicas utilizadas en unidades de cuidados intensivos en pediatría. El objetivo de esta revisión es sugerir recomendaciones en cuidados respiratorios no invasivos para pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares ingresados en unidades de paciente crítico pediátrico. Se presentan 2 casos clínicos ilustrativos, en los cuales estas estrategias fueron utilizadas en forma exitosa.


On some occasions, patients with childhood and adolescent neuromuscular diseases may require hospitalization in pediatric intensive care units. The main cause of hospital admission is acute respiratory failure triggered by atelectasis and pneumonia, which, in most cases, start with upper respiratory tract infections. Regardless of their form of presentation, neuromuscular diseases in children and adolescents can damage the 3 muscle groups linked to pulmonary ventilation and glottic protection to different degrees. Inspiratory and expiratory muscles can be assisted with noninvasive ventilatory support and mechanical cough assist, respectively. This combined strategy allows the non-invasive management of this type of patients, managing to extubate or decannulate those considered potentially unweanable with the classic strategies used in pediatric intensive care units. The aim of this review is present noninvasive respiratory care recommendations for patients with neuromuscular diseases admitted to pediatric intensive critical care unit and illustrated with clinical reports of two patients treated with these strategies successfully.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Cough/prevention & control , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Cough/etiology , Neuromuscular Diseases/complications
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