Intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea en cirugía cardiovascular / Nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation in cardiovascular surgery

Introducción: Una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea en cirugía cardiovascular puede reducir la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en unidad de cuidados intensivos, hospitalaria y la mortalidad. Se ofrecen cuidados articulando los dominios de atención a personas en estado crítico establecidos por Patricia Benner, el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería y las taxonomías. Objetivo: Exponer el desarrollo de una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, que incluyó 159 personas, distribuidas en dos grupos, que acudieron al Servicio de Cardiología, del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas desde enero de 2018 hasta enero de 2021. Los grupos fueron escogidos mediante la aleatorización simple (1:1). El primero se conformó por 79 personas, abordadas con el procedimiento convencional; y el segundo, por 80, atendidas con la intervención de enfermería diseñada por el equipo de investigación. Se compararon y expresaron los resultados en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (79,7 por ciento). La edad media fue 60 años. En el grupo al que se le aplicó la intervención de enfermería se redujeron la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, hospitalaria, y la mortalidad (p = 0,04). Conclusiones: La implementación de la Intervención de Enfermería por el enfermero perfusionista ayudó a mejorar las respuestas humanas de esas personas. Los resultados finales obtenidos mostraron su validez, al evidenciar la disminución en la aparición de complicaciones y, por ende, la reducción de la estadía en UCI, hospitalaria y la mortalidad(AU)

Introduction: A nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation in cardiovascular surgery can reduce the occurrence of complications, the stay in intensive care units, in hospitals, and mortality. Care is offered by articulating the domains of care for people in critical condition established by Patricia Benner, the Nursing Care Process and taxonomies. Objective: To present the development of a nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation. Methods: An experimental study was conducted, which included 159 people, divided into two groups, who attended the Cardiology Service of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research from January 2018 to January 2021. Groups were chosen using simple randomization (1:1). The first group was made up of 79 people, approached with the conventional procedure; and the second, by 80 people, attended with the nursing intervention designed by the research team. The results were compared and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and mean. Results: Men predominated (79.7 percent). The median age was 60 years. In the group to which the nursing intervention was applied, the occurrence of complications, the stay in Intensive Care Units, in hospitals, and mortality were reduced (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The implementation of the Nursing Intervention by the perfusionist nurse helped to improve the human responses of these people. The final results obtained showed their validity, as they showed the decrease in the onset of complications and, therefore, the reduction of ICU and hospital stay and mortality(AU)

Efectividad del proceso de atención de enfermería en la supervivencia del recién nacido menor de 1500 gramos

Introducción: el parto pretérmino es el principal problema obstétrico en la actualidad. Uno de los desafíos más importantes de la neonatología es el manejo integral del recién nacido de muy bajo peso. Objetivo: evaluar cuidados de enfermería mediante la aplicación del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería en recién nacidos menor de 1500 g. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional de 53 neonatos menor de 1500 g, para describir la muestra se utilizaron los números absolutos y porcientos, la asociación entre variables y la significación estadística mediante el estadígrafo Ji cuadrado. Resultados: la morbilidad fue más frecuente en el grupo menor de 30 semanas 23 (43,4 %), aportando este grupo la mayor supervivencia, 20 (37,7 %) vivos y la mayor mortalidad, 3 (5.7 %); recién nacidos con un peso entre 1250 g -1499 g 25 (42,2 %) y estadía entre 15-28 días 25 (47,2 %) también aportaron el mayor índice de sobrevida. Las complicaciones respiratorias 3 (58,5%) y la mayor mortalidad 2 (3,8%), ocurrió en pacientes con tiempo de ventilación mecánica mayor de 72 horas con 2 (3,8%); las expectativas fueron alcanzadas en 48 (90,6 %) y las acciones se evaluaron de bien en 47 80,7 %). Conclusiones: la supervivencia se relacionó de forma significativa a las acciones definidas en el proceso de atención de enfermería (p=0,003).

Introduction: preterm delivery is the main obstetric problem today. One of the most important challenges in neonatology is the comprehensive management of the very low birth weight newborn. Objective: to evaluate nursing care by applying the Nursing Care Process in newborns under 1500 g. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective and observational study of 53 neonates under 1500 g, absolute numbers and percentages, the association between variables and statistical significance were used to describe the sample using the Ji-square statistic. Results: morbidity was more frequent in the group less than 30 weeks 23 (43.4%), this group having the longest survival, 20 (37.7%) alive, and the highest mortality, 3 (5.7%); Newborns weighing between 1250 g -1499 g 25 (42.2%) and staying between 15-28 days 25 (47.2%) also contributed the highest survival rate. Respiratory complications 3 (58.5%) and the highest mortality 2 (3.8%) occurred in patients with mechanical ventilation time greater than 72 hours with 2 (3.8%); expectations were met in 48 (90.6%) and actions were evaluated as good in 47 (80.7%). Conclusions: survival was significantly related to the actions defined in the nursing care process (p = 0.003).

Introdução: o parto prematuro é o principal problema obstétrico na atualidade. Um dos desafios mais importantes da neonatologia é o manejo abrangente do recém-nascido de muito baixo peso. Objetivo: avaliar a assistência de enfermagem por meio da aplicação do Processo de Cuidado de Enfermagem em recém-nascidos menores de 1500 g. Métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e observacional de 53 neonatos abaixo de 1500 g, para descrever a amostra foram utilizados números absolutos e percentuais, a associação entre as variáveis e significância estatística utilizando o estatístico Qui-quadrado. Resultados: a morbidade foi mais frequente no grupo com menos de 30 semanas 23 (43,4%), este grupo contribuindo com a maior sobrevida, 20 (37,7%) vivos e a maior mortalidade, 3 (5,7%); Recém-nascidos com peso entre 1250 g -1499 g 25 (42,2%) e permanência entre 15-28 dias 25 (47,2%) também contribuíram com a maior taxa de sobrevida. As complicações respiratórias 3 (58,5%) e a maior mortalidade 2 (3,8%), ocorreram em pacientes com tempo de ventilação mecânica superior a 72 horas com 2 (3,8%); As expectativas foram atendidas em 48 (90,6%) e as ações foram bem avaliadas em 47 80,7%). Conclusões: a sobrevida foi significativamente relacionada às ações definidas no processo de cuidado de enfermagem (p=0,003).

Proceso de atención de enfermería para un retorno seguro a las escuelas posterior al covid-19 -análisis de caso comunitario / Nursing care process for a safe return to schools post-covid-19

La COVID-19 provocó el cierre de las escuelas, y trasladó las actividades a los entornos virtuales por casi dos años. Posteriormente, los gobiernos otorgaron a las instituciones educativas, planes de retorno seguro a las actividades escolares para mejorar una transición a la presencialidad de la comunidad escolar y mantener a un mínimo los casos nuevos de la COVID-19. El profesional de enfermería, a través del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE), posee las herramientas y conocimientos necesarios para operativizar estos lineamientos e implementarlos de forma efectiva en las comunidades escolares. Objetivo: Implementar el PAE para facilitar el retorno seguro a las actividades escolares en una escuela primaria de México. Metodología: Estudio de caso comunitario con PAE, implementado en una escuela primaria pública de México. Para la valoración se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas y de participación comunitaria (entrevistas, cartografía social, etc) y para el proceso diagnóstico, resultados e intervenciones se utilizó la taxonomía NANDA 2021-2023, Clasificación de Resultados NOC y Clasificación de Intervenciones NIC. Resultados: Se trabajó en torno a un diagnóstico, un resultado y dos intervenciones sobre la participación comunitaria en programas educativos y de comunicación en salud, así como la disminución de las conductas de riesgo para la salud en la comunidad. Conclusiones: El PAE permitió mejorar las conductas promotoras de la salud en torno al uso de cubrebocas, sana distancia y lavado de manos en la comunidad. Se elaboraron materiales de comunicación en salud como técnica de refuerzo de los hábitos aprendidos[AU]

COVID-19 caused the closure of schools, moving activities to virtual environments for almost two years. Subsequently, governments give educational institutions plans for the safe return to school activities to improve a transition to face-to-face attendance for the school community and keep new cases of COVID-19 to a minimum. Te nursing professional, through the Nursing Care Process (NCP), has the necessary tools and knowledge to operationalize these guidelines and implement them effectively in school communities. Objective: To facilitate a safe return to school activities in a primary school in Mexico. Methodology: A community case study with NCP, establishing the community of a primary school as a patient, for the assessment qualitative techniques and community participation were used and for the diagnostic process, results, and interventions the NANDA 2021-2023 taxonomy was used, Classifcation of NOC Results and classifcation of NIC Interventions. Results: Work was carried out around a diagnosis, a result, and two interventions on community participation in educational and health communication programs, as well as the reduction of risk behaviors for health in the community. Conclusions: Te NCP made it possible to improve health-promoting behaviors around the use of face masks, healthy distance, and hand washing in the community. By considering the assessment of different actors, health communication materials were made as a technique to reinforce learned habits[AU]

A COVID-19 provocou o fechamento de escolas, deslocando as atividades para ambientes virtuais por quase dois anos. Posteriormente, os governos concedem às instituições de ensino planos para o retorno seguro às atividades escolares para melhorar a transição para o atendimento presencial para a comunidade escolar e reduzir ao mínimo os novos casos de COVID-19. O profssional de enfermagem, por meio do Processo de Cuidar de Enfermagem (PCE), possui as ferramentas e conhecimentos necessários para operacionalizar essas diretrizes e implementá- las efetivamente nas comunidades escolares. Objetivo: Facilitar o retorno seguro às atividades escolares em uma escola primária no México. Metodologia: Estudo de caso comunitário com PCE, estabelecendo a comunidade de uma escola primária como paciente, para a avaliação foram utilizadas técnicas qualitativas e participação da comunidade e para o processo diagnóstico, resultados e intervenções foi utilizada a taxonomia NANDA 2021-2023, Classifcação da NOC Resultados e classifcação das intervenções NIC. Resultados: Trabalhou-se em torno de um diagnóstico, um resultado e duas intervenções sobre a participação da comunidade em programas educativos e de comunicação em saúde, bem como a redução de comportamentos de risco para a saúde na comunidade. Conclusões: O PCE possibilitou melhorar os comportamentos de promoção da saúde em torno do uso de máscaras faciais, distanciamento saudável e lavagem das mãos na comunidade. Tendo em conta a avaliação dos diferentes atores, foram elaborados materiais de comunicação em saúde como técnica para reforçar os hábitos aprendidos[AU]

Barriers to the application of the nursing methodology in the Intensive Care Unit.

INTRODUCTION: The Nursing Process is the scientific method specific to the nursing discipline. However, although in recent years it has rapidly expanded in certain areas, this has not been the case in special units such as the intensive care unit. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reasons nurses show little awareness of incorporating nursing methodology in intensive care units. METHOD: Literature review conducted between November and December 2020 in the databases Pubmed, Cinahl, Cuiden, Lilacs, Cochrane, Sicelo, Web of Science, in addition to a search of grey literature and electronic journals. Boolean operators AND and OR were used and the temporal limiter of the last 10 years (2010-2020) was applied. RESULTS: A total of 20 articles were selected. Intensive Care Units nurses perceived a lack of knowledge on how to use nursing methodology. This problem begins in university education and continues in the institutions with little continuing education. Nurses' work overload takes time from being able to use this tool, which is among the lowest of their priorities. CONCLUSIONS: Research studies are required on solutions that, in the nurses' words, could be useful in tackling this problem, and on the impact that training programmes in methodology have on its application in practice.

Barreras para la aplicación de la metodología enfermera en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Barriers to the application of the nursing methodology in the Intensive Care Unit

Introducción: El proceso enfermero constituye el método científico propio de la disciplina enfermera. Y, aunque en los últimos años ha experimentado una rápida expansión en determinados espacios, no ha ocurrido así en unidades especiales como la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Objetivo: Determinar los motivos por los que las enfermeras muestran poca sensibilización hacia la incorporación de la metodología enfermera en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método: Revisión bibliográfica realizada entre noviembre y diciembre de 2020 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cinahl, Cuiden, Lilacs, Cochrane, Sicelo, Web of Science, además de una búsqueda en literatura gris y en revistas electrónicas. Se emplearon los operadores booleanos AND y OR y se aplicó el limitador temporal de los últimos 10 años (2010-2020). Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 20 artículos. Las enfermeras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos percibieron una falta de conocimientos sobre el uso de la metodología enfermera cuyo problema comienza desde la formación universitaria y se prolonga dentro de las instituciones con la escasa formación continuada. Mientras que la sobrecarga de trabajo restó tiempo para poder emplear esta herramienta que se encuentra entre las últimas prioridades de las enfermeras. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario realizar estudios de investigación sobre las soluciones que, en palabras de los/as enfermeros/as podrían ser útiles para abordar este problema, así como el impacto que los programas de formación en metodología tienen sobre su aplicación en la práctica.(AU)

Introduction: The nursing process is the scientific method specific to the nursing discipline. However, although in recent years it has rapidly expanded in certain areas, this has not been the case in special units such as the intensive care unit. Objective: To determine the reasons nurses show little awareness of incorporating nursing methodology in Intensive Care Units. Method: Literature review conducted between November and December 2020 in the databases Pubmed, Cinahl, Cuiden, Lilacs, Cochrane, Sicelo, Web of Science, in addition to a search of grey literature and electronic journals. Boolean operators AND and OR were used and the temporal limiter of the last 10 years (2010-2020) was applied. Results: A total of 20 articles were selected. Intensive Care Units nurses perceived a lack of knowledge on how to use nursing methodology. This problem begins in university education and continues in the institutions with little continuing education. Nurses’ work overload takes time from being able to use this tool, which is among the lowest of their priorities. Conclusions: Research studies are required on solutions that, in the nurses’ words, could be useful in tackling this problem, and on the impact that training programmes in methodology have on its application in practice.(AU)

Enfermedades desmielinizantes: leucodistrofia metacromática y esclerosis múltiple, a propósito de un caso / Demyelinating diseases: metachromatic leukodystrophy and multiple sclerosis, a case study

RESUMEN Las enfermedades desmielinizantes son entidades poco frecuentes en la edad pediátrica; tal es el caso de la esclerosis múltiple y la leucodistrofia metacromática, en las cuales intervienen factores genéticos y ambientales, y ambas afectan diferentes estructuras del sistema nervioso central, los nervios, los músculos, otros órganos y el comportamiento del individuo. Son afecciones que tiene una evolución progresiva al deterioro neuromuscular: en poco tiempo el paciente entra en un estado neurovegetativo con pérdida de la conciencia, por lo que requieren de atención médica y de enfermería especializada. El propósito de este estudio es presentar un caso de leucodistrofia metacromática, haciendo referencia a su complejo diagnóstico diferencial con la esclerosis múltiple y la aplicación del proceso de enfermería. Paciente masculino de 6 años de edad con antecedentes con antecedentes de diversos episodios de infecciones respiratorias y atelectasias, así como estadía prolongada en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Otros síntomas fueron hipotonía muscular, ausencia de reflejos tendinosos y trastornos audiovisuales. A la edad de 6 años el paciente había perdido todo contacto con el medio, sufrió tetraparesia y frecuentes episodios de convulsiones tónicas. A pesar de los intensos tratamientos y seguimientos en diferentes consultas, falleció a los 6 años de edad por complicaciones respiratorias.

ABSTRACT Demyelinating diseases are infrequent entities in pediatric age; such is the case of metachromatic leukodystrophy and multiple sclerosis, in which genetic and environmental factors take action. both of them affect different structures of the central nervous system, nerves, muscles, organs and individual behavior. These affections have a progressive evolution of the neuromuscular deterioration: soon the patient enters a neurovegetative state with loss of consciousness. Therefore, medical attention and specialized nursing is required. The purpose of this study is to present a case of metachromatic leukodystrophy referring to its complex differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis and nursing process application. A 6-year-old male patient with record of several respiratory infections and atelectasis, such as extended stay at the intensive care unit. Some other symptoms were muscle hypotonia, lack of tendinous reflexes, and audiovisual disorder. At the age of 6 the patient had lost all contact with the environment, suffered from tetra paresis and frequent tonic seizure episodes. Despite the intense treatments and the follow-ups in several medical consultations, the patient passed away at the age of 6 due to respiratory complications.

Principales etiquetas diagnósticas enfermeras y diagnósticos médicos en una unidad hospitalaria de enfermedades infecciosas / Main nursing diagnostic labels and medical diagnoses in a hospital unit of infectious diseases

Objetivo: identificar las principales etiquetas diagnósticas de Enfermería (EDE) y los principales diagnósticos médicos motivo de ingreso en una Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, y establecer la asociación de las EDE con el sexo, la edad y los días de ingreso en el momento de recogida de datos.Método: estudio descriptivo transversal. Se anotó la edad, el sexo, el número de días de ingreso en el momento de la recogida de datos, el diagnóstico médico motivo de ingreso y las EDE presentes en el momento de la recopilación de datos. Dicha recogida de datos se realizó un día aleatorio al mes durante 11 meses. Se emplearon las pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney, T de Student y Chi cuadrado para analizar diferencias.Resultados: se identificaron las EDE tras la valoración de 136 pacientes: un 58,1% era hombre, la edad media fue 57,9 (DE: 18,1) años. Las EDE más habituales fueron: Riesgo de infección (66,2%) y Déficit de autocuidado: baño (40,4%). Se observaron diferencias según sexo en la Disposición para mejorar el autocuidado (p= 0,028) y la Incontinencia urinaria (p= 0,032), entre otros. Se observaron diferencias con la edad en el Déficit de autocuidado: baño y en el Deterioro de la movilidad física entre otros (p< 0,05). Al inicio del ingreso se dio más Riesgo de confusión aguda (p= 0,003) y, en los más prolongados, Riesgo de úlcera por presión (p= 0,003). Los diagnósticos médicos más frecuentes fueron: celulitis (10,3%) y neumonía (8,8%).Conclusiones: las EDE tienen una baja asociación con el sexo y la duración del ingreso, pero tienen una gran asociación con la edad.(AU)

Objective: to identify the main Nursing diagnostic labels (NDLs) and the main medical diagnoses that lead to admission at an Infectious Diseases Unit, and to determine the association of said NDLs with gender, age, and days of hospitalization at the time of data collection.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study; the data collected were: age, gender, number of hospitalization days at the time of data collection, the medical diagnosis leading to the admission, and the NDLs present at the time of data collection. Said data collection was conducted on a random day per month for 11 months. The Mann-Whitney U, Student’s T and Square Chi tests were used to analyze the differences.Results: NDLs were identified after assessing 136 patients: 58.1% were male, and their mean age was 57.9 (SD: 18.1) years. The most common NDLs were: Risk of infection (66.2%) and Self-Care Deficit: bathing (40.4%). Differences by gender were observed in: Willingness to improve self-care (p= 0.028) and Urinary Incontinence (p= 0.032), among others. Differences with age were observed in Self-Care Deficit: bathing, and in Deterioration in Physical Mobility, among others (p< 0.05). At the start of the hospitalization there was a higher Risk of Acute Confusion (p= 0.003), and in the longer hospital stays, Risk of Pressure Ulcers (p= 0.003). The most frequent medical diagnoses were: cellulitis (10.3%) and pneumonia (8.8%).Conclusions: NDLs have a low association with gender and hospital stay duration, but a high association with age.(AU)

Efectividad de una intervención sobre el registro de la valoración enfermera al ingreso / Efficacy of an intervention about nursing assessment compliance at admission

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una intervención sobre cumplimentación de la entrevista de valoración enfermera al ingreso.Método: estudio analítico cuasi-experimental pre-post de grupo único en el Hospital del Mar de Barcelona. La variable de interés principal fue el grado de cumplimentación, recogida según el Modelo de Patrones Funcionales de la Salud de Marjory Gordon. Se analizaron 60 historias clínicas antes de la intervención y 60 después. La intervención fue una sesión formativa en la que se compartieron los resultados del primer análisis, se abordó la fundamentación teórica del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería y la importancia de su registro. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y para el análisis de la efectividad se calcularon diferencias porcentuales.Resultados: la cumplimentación de la historia clínica al ingreso aumentó de un 66,9% a un 74,5% tras la intervención. En la valoración por patrones aumentó de un 64,9% a un 75,7%, aunque los patrones 6 (Cognitivo/perceptivo) y 11 (Valores/creencias) disminuyeron su grado de cumplimentación. Lo mismo sucedió con los ítems de antecedentes personales y el apartado de observaciones. Sin embargo, aumentó el grado de cumplimentación de la firma del informe de un 96,7% a un 98,3% y la asignación de la trayectoria de cuidados de un 95,0% a un 100%, siendo el único que aumentó a cumplimentación total.Conclusiones: la intervención fue efectiva de forma global aumentando el grado de cumplimentación de la historia clínica al ingreso, aunque no en todos los ítems ni patrones.(AU)

Objective: to assess the efficacy of an intervention on compliance with the nursing assessment interview at admission.Method: an analytical, quasi-experimental, pre-post study on a single arm at the Hospital del Mar of Barcelona. The primary variable of interest was the level of compliance, collected according to the Functional Health Patterns Model by Marjory Gordon. There was an analysis of 60 clinical records before the intervention, and 60 after the intervention. The intervention consisted in a training session, where the results of the first analysis were shared, and the theoretical basis of the Nursing Care Process was addressed, as well as the importance of its compliance. A descriptive analysis was conducted with absolute and relative frequencies, and percentage differences were calculated for the analysis of efficacy.Results: the completion of clinical record at admission increased from 66.9% to 74.5% after the intervention. In the assessment by patterns, there was an increase from 64.9% to 75,7%, though patterns 6 (Cognitive/perceptive) and 11 (Values/beliefs) reduced their level of compliance. The same occurred with the items for personal background and the Observations section. However, there was an increase in the level of compliance with signing the report, from 96.7% to 98.3%, and in the care path assignment, from 95.0% to 100%, which was the only one which increased up to total compliance.Conclusions: the intervention was effective in an overall way, increasing the level of compliance with clinical record at admission, although not in all items or patterns.(AU)

Inestabilidad hemodinámica durante el proceso intradialítica en usuarios con insuficiencia renal crónica / Hemodynamic instability during the intradialytic process in users with chronic renal failure / Instabilidade hemodinâmica durante o processo intradialítico em usuários com insuficiência renal crônica

La insuficiencia renal crónica es una complicación de varias enfermedades, uno de los tratamientos sustitutivos es la hemodiálisis, tratamiento donde el paciente puede presentar algunas complicaciones durante la realización de este proceso, por ende existe una gran preocupación en la alta tasa de incidencia de usuarios con enfermedades renales crónica y el cuidado que estos requieren en las unidades de hemodiálisis durante la sesión. OBJETIVO: determinar la inestabilidad hemodinámica durante el proceso intradialítica en usuarios con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis. MÉTODO: fue un estudio descriptivo, se utilizó como técnica la observación directa y encuesta, el instrumento utilizado fue la hoja de recolección de datos sobre complicaciones en usuarios con hemodiálisis, guía de observación aplicada y el cuestionario. RESULTADOS: un 56% del sexo masculino, el 48% eran mayores de 61 años de edad, un 88% con catéter vascular; el 36% por causa glomerulonefritis, 41% con comorbilidad de hipertensión, 33% con diabetes mellitus, 67% con hipotensión intradialítica e hipertensión 33%. CONCLUSIONES: utilizando la metodología disciplinar y el lenguajes estandarizados de la taxonomía NANDA, NIC, NOC, esto facilitara la recolección sistemática de información, la toma de decisiones sobre la efectividad del cuidado enfermero, para elevar la calidad de atención y disminuir las complicaciones como la hipotensión en usuarios sometidos a hemodiálisis, para garantizar la seguridad del usuario. (AU)

Chronic kidney failure is a complication of several diseases, one of the substitute treatments is hemodialysis, a treatment where the patient may present some complications during this process, and therefore there is great concern in the high incidence rate of users with chronic kidney diseases and the care they require in the hemodialysis units during the session. OBJECTIVE: to determine the hemodynamic instability during the intradialytic process in users with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. METHOD: it was a descriptive study, direct observation and survey were used as a technique, and the instrument used was the data collection sheet on complications in users with hemodialysis, the observation guide applied and the questionnaire. RESULTS: 56% were males, 48% were older than 61 years of age, and 88% had a vascular catheter; 36% due to glomerulonephritis, 41% with comorbidity of hypertension, 33% with diabetes mellitus, 67% with intradialytic hypotension and 33% hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: using the disciplinary methodology and the standardized languages of the NANDA, NIC, NOC taxonomy, this will facilitate the systematic collection of information, decision-making on the effectiveness of nursing care, to increase the quality of care and reduce complications such as hypotension in patients. Users undergoing hemodialysis, to ensure user safety.(AU)

A insuficiência renal crônica é uma complicação de várias doenças, um dos tratamentos substitutos é a hemodiálise, um tratamento onde o paciente pode apresentar algumas complicações durante este processo, portanto existe grande preocupação na alta incidência de usuários com doenças renais crônicas e os cuidados eles exigem nas unidades de hemodiálise durante a sessão. OBJETIVO: determinar a instabilidade hemodinâmica durante o processo intradialítico em usuários com insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise. MÉTODO: foi um estudo descritivo, utilizou-se como técnica a observação direta e o survey, o instrumento utilizado foi a ficha de coleta de dados sobre complicações em usuários em hemodiálise, o guia de observação aplicado e o questionário. RESULTADOS: 56% eram homens, 48% tinham mais de 61 anos de idade, 88% possuíam cateter vascular; 36% devido a glomerulonefrite, 41% com comorbidade de hipertensão, 33% com diabetes mellitus, 67% com hipotensão intradialítica e 33% com hipertensão. CONCLUSÕES: usando a metodologia disciplinar e as linguagens padronizadas da taxonomia NANDA, NIC, NOC, isso facilitará a coleta sistemática de informações, a tomada de decisão sobre a eficácia da assistência de enfermagem, para aumentar a qualidade da assistência e reduzir complicações como hipotensão em pacientes usuários em hemodiálise, para garantir a segurança do usuário.(AU)

Proceso de atención de Enfermería en un paciente con gastroquisis. A propósito de un caso / Nursing care process in a patient with gastrochisis. Aproposs of a case

RESUMEN La gastroquisis, es un defecto congénito de cierre de la pared abdominal, en general justa a la derecha de la insertación normal del cordón umbilical en la pared del abdomen. Rara vez ocupa una posición especular a la izquierda del cordón umbilical; una cantidad variable de intestinos, y en ocasiones otros órganos abdominales se hernian, fuera de la pared abdominal, sin saco ni cobertura membranosa a diferencia del onfalocele. El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, es el método científico de actuación de los profesionales de la Enfermería, vinculados a una base teórica que desarrollan habilidades analíticas que aplicadas en la práctica, repercuten en la mejoría de los pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso poco frecuente de gastroquisis, y vincularlo al proceso de atención de Enfermería. Se trató de una recién nacida, sexo femenino, raza mestiza. Ingresó en la Sala de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Eliseo Noel Caamaño de Matanzas con 5 horas de nacida. La vinculación de este caso con el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería permitió una atención integral al individuo enfermo, y desarrolló las habilidades prácticas de la asistencia de enfermería (AU).

ABSTRACT Gastrochisis is a congenital defect of the abdominal wall closure, generally just on the right of the umbilical cord normal insertion in the abdominal wall. It rarely occupies a specular position to the right of the umbilical cord; a variable amount of intestines, and sometimes other abdominal organs, are herniated outside the abdominal wall, without a sac or a membranous covering unlike the omphalocele. The nursing care process is a scientific method of nursing professionals behavior, on a theoretical basis, developing analytical skills that, applied in the practice, have repercussion on the patients´ improvement. Describing an infrequent case of gastrochisis, and linking it to the Nursing care process is the aim of this article. The patient was a mestizo female newborn who entered the Intensive Care Ward of the Pediatric Provincial Hospital "Eliseo Noel Caamaño" of Matanzas five hours after birth. Linking this case to the Nursing care process allowed the integral care of the sick person, and developed the nursing care practical skills (AU).

Development of nursing quality care process metrics and indicators for intellectual disability services: a literature review and modified Delphi consensus study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing process quality care metrics and indicators are quantifiable measures of the nursing care delivered to clients. They can be used to identify and support nurses' contribution to high quality, safe, client care and are lacking in specialist intellectual disability nursing. In a national Nursing Quality Care-Metrics project for Irish intellectual disability services, a set of nursing quality care process metrics and associated indicators were established for intellectual disability services. METHODS: A two-stage design approach was undertaken; a broad scoping review of the literature and a modified Delphi consensus process. The Delphi included a four round e-Delphi survey and a consensus meeting. Four hundred one intellectual disability nurses working in Ireland were recruited for the surveys and 20 stakeholders attended the consensus meeting. RESULTS: From the review, 20 existing and 16 potential intellectual disability nursing metrics were identified for nurses to prioritise in the e-surveys. After the four survey rounds, 12 intellectual disability nursing metrics and 84 associated indicators were identified. Following the consensus meeting, these were reduced to 12 metrics and 79 indicators. CONCLUSIONS: This first set of intellectual disability nursing process metrics and associated indicators has been identified for implementation in practice. These metrics while developed in Ireland have international relevance and their application and appropriateness in practice needs to be evaluated.

The development of Nursing Quality Care Process Metrics and Indicators for use in Older Persons Care Settings: A Delphi-Consensus Study.

AIM: To develop a suite of nursing quality care process metrics and indicators for older persons care settings in Ireland. BACKGROUND: Regulatory investigations of health system failures highlight non-adherence to clinical guidelines and standards resulting in deficiencies in nursing care delivery. Limited attention has been paid to measuring nursing care processes particularly in the care of older people. Quality care process metrics can facilitate measurement of nurse-sensitive measures of care. DESIGN: A scoping literature review and modified Delphi-Consensus Technique. METHODS: A scoping review of literature published between January 2007 - January 2017 was conducted to identify nursing process metrics and indicators. The Delphi Consensus phase incorporated a four-round electronic survey of 404 nurses and a consensus meeting with 13 stakeholders working in Older Persons Care Settings in Ireland. FINDINGS: From the review, 33 potential metrics were identified. After all Delphi survey rounds, 20 metrics and 90 associated indicators were selected by the nurses. Following the consensus meeting, 19 metrics and 80 indicators were included in the final suite of nursing quality care process metrics and indicators. CONCLUSION: Developing this suite of nursing quality care process metrics and indicators for use in older persons care settings provided consensus on what nursing processes should be measured to improve the quality and safety of care delivery. IMPACT: The nursing processes identified, provide a framework for future research and educational programmes in the care of older persons. Although conducted in the Irish healthcare system, there is potential for adoption or adaption in other healthcare settings.

Características humanas e institucionales que influyen en la aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería en un hospital de la ciudad de medellín

Objetivo. Describir las características humanas e institucionales que influyen en los enfermeros para la aplicación del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) en un hospital de la ciudad de Medellín. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, muestra constituida por 44 enfermeros profesionales del área asistencial. Se utilizó un instrumento ad hoc que permitió el análisis de variables sociodemográficas y características humanas e institucionales que influyen en los enfermeros para la aplicación del PAE. Resultados. El 96% de la población es del sexo femenino, con rango de edades entre 21 y 61 años. En cuanto a las características que influyen desfavorablemente en la aplicación del PAE, el 73% consideró como principal la realización de procedimientos de enfermería y la actualización del kárdex, el 70%, el número de pacientes asignados, un 66% consideró influyente el servicio donde labora, seguido del acompañamiento en rondas médicas y administración de medicamentos con un 57% y un 52%, respectivamente. El 81,8% consideró que la aplicación del PAE mejora la calidad de atención de los pacientes. Conclusion. Los enfermeros identifican el PAE como un instrumento óptimo y necesario para guiar el cuidado de enfermería, y lograr identidad profesional. No obstante, su aplicación es parcial y discontinua, por lo que influye en la atención brindada a los sujetos de cuidado.

Objective. To describe the human and institutional characteristics that influence the nurses in the application of the Nursing Care Process (PAE in Spanish) in a Hospital of the city of Medellin. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study, sample constituted by 44 professional nurses of the healthcare field. An Ad Hoc instrument was applied, it allowed the analysis of sociodemographic variables and human and institutional characteristics that influence nurses in the application of PAE. Results. 96% of the population is female, with a range of ages between 21 and 61 years old. As for the characteristics that have an unfavorable influence on the application of the PAE, 73% consider relevant carrying out nursing procedures and updating the Kardex, 70%, the amount of patients assigned, a 66% considered that the service performed has an impact, followed by medical assistance shifts and drug administration with 57% and 52%, respectively. 81.8% consider that the application of the PAE improves the quality care of patients. Conclusion. The nurses identify the PAE as an optimal and necessary instrument to guide nursing care, and achieve professional identity. However, its application is partial and not continuous, which is why it influences the patients care.

Objetivo. Descrever as características humanas e institucionais que influenciam os enfermeiros para a aplicação do Processo de Cuidados de Enfermagem (Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, PAE) em um hospital da cidade de Medellín. Métodos. Estudo descritivo, transversal; amostra constituída por 44 enfermeiros profissionais da área da saúde. Foi utilizado um instrumento ad hoc que permitiu análise de variáveis sociodemográficas e características humanas e institucionais que influenciam aso enfermeiros para a aplicação do PAE. Resultados. 96% da população é do sexo feminino, com um intervalo de idades entre 21 e 61 anos. Quanto às características que têm influência desfavorável na aplicação do PAE, 73% consideram como principal a realização de procedimentos de enfermagem e a atualização do kardex; 70%, o número de pacientes designados; 66% consideram o serviço onde eles trabalham influente, seguido do acompanhamento em rodadas médicas e administração de medicamentos com 57% e 52%, respectivamente. 81,8% consideram que a aplicação do PAE melhora a qualidade do atendimento os pacientes. Conclusão. Os enfermeiros identificam o PAE como um instrumento ideal e necessário para orientar os cuidados de enfermagem e alcançar a identidade profissional. Contudo, sua aplicação é parcial e descontínua, razão pela qual influencia a atenção dada a sujeitos de cuidados.

A study on application of systematic emergency nursing process in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To study the application effect of systematic emergency nursing process in treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods One hundred and four neonates with HIE who were treated in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected as the subjects of this study, and they were divided into a control group and a study group according to different nursing care process, with 52 cases in each group. The infants in the control group were resuscitated according to conventional traditional first aid measures, while the infants in the study group received systematic emergency nursing care process on the basis of routine first aid (including the preparation of early rescue drugs and equipment; warmth kept in the whole course, the room temperature controlled in 30 - 32 ℃; rapid assessment of maternal delivery methods and procedures, delivery of the newborn and assessment of babies general conditions; performance of preliminary resuscitation for neonate, tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation, and external chest compression if necessary; close monitor of the vital signs of newborn; symptomatic treatment; reassessment of the baby's disease condition). The successful rescue rate, total rescue time, hospitalization time, neonatal Apgar score and quality of nursing care before and after resuscitation were compared between the two groups. Results The successful rescue rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group [96.2% (50/52) vs. 82.7% (43/52), P < 0.05], and the total rescue time (minutes: 8.9±2.1 vs. 12.4±3.2) and hospitalization time (days: 8.1±2.2 vs. 11.4±2.9) in study group were shorter than those in control group, all the differences being statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After resuscitation for 5 minutes, the Apgar scores of the newborns in the two groups were higher than those before the resuscitation (study group: 8.3±1.1 vs. 2.2±0.7, control group: 6.7±2.0 vs. 2.1±0.9), and after resuscitation for 5 minutes, the Apgar score of the study group was higher than that of the control group (8.3±1.1 vs. 6.7±2.0), the difference being statistical significant (P < 0.05). The scores of rescue technique (5.0±2.9 vs. 2.7±0.6), humanistic care (5.6±2.1 vs. 2.8±0.9), rescue efficiency (5.3±1.2 vs. 3.0±0.6), and rescue effect (5.7±1.3 vs. 2.9±0.8) in the study group were all higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The systematic emergency nursing care process can effectively elevate the successful rescue rate of neonates with HIE, shorten the total rescue time and hospitalization time, enhance the rescue effect, and improve the quality of nursing care, thus it is worthy to be widely applied clinically.

Experiencia de los alumnos de la licenciatura en enfermería en el aprendizaje y aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería / The experience of Bachelor's Nursing degree students in the learning and implementation process of Nursing care

Introducción: El cuidado de la salud es el objeto de estudio de la disciplina, práctica propia para atender a la persona, familia y comunidad. Mientras el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) es el método de intervención distintivo de la profesión, el cual aprenden los estudiantes durante su formación, sin embargo, la esencia de este proceso no se manifiesta durante la teoría y el desarrollo de su práctica clínica, esta investigación se enfoca en la experiencia del alumno en el aprendizaje y aplicación del PAE. Objetivos: a) Describir cómo es la experiencia de los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Enfermería en el aprendizaje y aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería durante su formación académica. b) Identificar si el estudiante reconoce al PAE como la metodología propia de la disciplina para otorgar el cuidado. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con enfoque fenomenológico, utilizando entrevista en profundidad y grupo focal, participando previo consentimiento informado alumnos del 3ro al 7mo semestre, de los períodos 2016-2 y 2017-1 de la Licenciatura en Enfermería ENEO-UNAM, el análisis del discurso se realizó por saturación, codificando y descodificando, transcribiendo las entrevistas del lenguaje emic al etic, construyendo 3 categorías. Resultados: La primera: "Mundos diferentes" tuvo tres subcategorías, darse cuenta, vinculación teoría-práctica e influencia del profesional de enfermería. La segunda: "Formación teórica" tuvo dos subcategorías, aprendizaje complejo y, salud y enfermedad. La tercera categoría: Ambivalencia en la enseñanza del PAE por el docente" contó con dos subcategorías, heterogeneidad y desavenencia docente, y acompañamiento del profesor. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería ENEO-UNAM reconocen al PAE como una metodología necesaria para otorgar el cuidado, pero no han logrado construir una intencionalidad hacia esta herramienta de trabajo del cuidado que les permita abordarla de forma natural y razonada, creando un puente entre el ser y hacer de enfermería.

Introduction: Health care is the subject matter of Nursing care that in practice caters to the individual, family and community assistance. Considering that Nursing care process (PAE) is the distinctive method of intervention of this discipline which students learn during their training, however, the essence of this process does not manifest itself during the development of their clinical and theoretical practice. Specifically, the present research focuses on the experience of students along their learning and implementation PAE process. Objectives a) To describe the experience of the Bachelor's Nursing degree students regarding nursing care learning and its implementation process during their academic training. b) To identify if students recognize the PAE as the cornerstone methodology to provide care. Methodology The Descriptive qualitative, phenomenological approach is used to generate interview in depth and focal group. The participants in this research, with prior informed consent, are students from the 3rd to the 7th semester rom the periods 2016-2, and 2017-1 ENEO-UNAM Bachelor's nursing degree. The analysis of the discourse was made by saturation, encoding and decoding, transcribing the emic language interviews to the etic language into three categories. Results The first category called ""Different worlds"" had three subcategories to become aware, bonding and influence of the nursing professional. The second category denominated ""Theoretical training"" had two subcategories: complex learning, health and disease. The third category entitled ""Teacher's ambivalence in the teaching PAE"" had two subcategories, on one hand, heterogeneity and teaching disagreement, and, on the other hand, professor's monitoring. Conclusions The ENEO-UNAM Bachelor's nursing degree students recognize the PAE as an essential methodology to provide care, but have failed to build a purpose to address this work tool of care in such way that allows them to deal with it naturally and satisfactorily by building a bridge to fill the gap between being and doing nursing.

Nursing care documentation practice: The unfinished task of nursing care in the University of Gondar Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Even though nursing care documentation is an important part of nursing practice, it is commonly left undone. The objective of this study was to assess nursing care documentation practice and the associated factors among nurses who are working at the University of Gondar Hospital. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 nurses working at the University of Gondar Hospital inpatient wards from March 20 to April 30, 2014. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Two hundred and six nurses returned the questionnaire. Good nursing care documentation practice among nurses was 37.4%. A low nurse-to-patient ratio AOR = 2.15 (95%CI [1.155, 4.020]), in-service training on standard nursing process AOR = 2.6 (95%CI[1.326, 5.052]), good knowledge AOR = 2.156(95% CI [1.092, 4.254]), and good attitude toward nursing care documentation AOR = 2.22 (95% CI [1.105, 4.471] were significantly associated with nursing care documentation practice. CONCLUSION: Most of the nursing care provided remains undocumented. Nurse-to-patient ratio, in-service training, knowledge, and attitude of nurses toward nursing care documentation were factors associated with nursing care documentation practice.

Evaluación de la calidad de la atención de enfermería en la Clínica Internacional Trinidad / Nursing care quality assessment at the International Clinic of Trinidad Village

Introducción: recibir atención de calidad es un derecho del paciente, y garantizarla es un imperativo de las instituciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud Cubano. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de la atención de enfermería en la Clínica Internacional de Trinidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Clínica Internacional de Trinidad desde enero hasta junio de 2014. La muestra de estudio quedó constituida por 108 pacientes ingresados en el periodo estudiado y 4 enfermeras asistenciales. Del proceso se evaluó la dimensión calidad científico-técnica, para lo que se seleccionó por los criterios de Kessner la actividad trazadora Recepción del paciente. Se realizó observación directa de la recepción y revisión de registros clínicos, los criterios, indicadores y estándares utilizados fueron fijados por expertos. Se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, se compararon las frecuencias obtenidas con estándares preestablecidos buscando brechas entre lo planificado y lo obtenido, se consideró la evaluación aceptable cuando el valor real alcanzado fue igual o superior al deseado y no aceptable cuando el valor real no alcanzó el deseado. Resultados: de los ocho criterios evaluados en la recepción del paciente, seis fueron cumplidos y dos quedaron por debajo de los estándares establecidos, información suficiente en la recogida de datos se cumplió al 62,96 por ciento, la entrevista y examen físico al 70,37 por ciento. Conclusiones: se consideró aceptable la calidad de la atención de enfermería en la Clínica Internacional de Trinidad(AU)

Introduction: receiving quality care in a patient's right, and guaranteeing it is an imperative of the Cuban national health system facilities. Objective: to assess nursing care quality in the International Clinic of Trinidad Village. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the International Clinic of Trinidad Village from January to June 2014. The study sample was composed of 108 patients admitted during the study period and four nurses. The dimension scientific and technical quality of the process was evaluated, for which we selected the tracer activity Patient admittance by the Kessner criteria. Direct observation of the admittance and review of the clinical records was performed; the criteria, indicators and standards used were fixed by experts. Absolute frequencies and percentages were used, the frequencies obtained with standards were compared in search for gaps between planned and obtained, assessment was considered acceptable when the actual value reached was equal to or higher than the desired and not acceptable when the actual value reached was not the wanted. Results: of the eight criteria evaluated in the patient's admittance, six were achieved and two were below the established standards, enough information in data collection was fulfilled at 62.96 percent, and the interview and physical examination at 70.37 percent. Conclusions: nursing care quality was considered acceptable at the International Clinic of Trinidad Village(AU)

Evaluación de la calidad de la atención de enfermería en la Clínica Internacional Trinidad / Nursing care quality assessment at the International Clinic of Trinidad Village

Introducción: recibir atención de calidad es un derecho del paciente, y garantizarla es un imperativo de las instituciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud Cubano.Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de la atención de enfermería en la Clínica Internacional de Trinidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Clínica Internacional de Trinidad desde enero hasta junio de 2014. La muestra de estudio quedó constituida por 108 pacientes ingresados en el periodo estudiado y 4 enfermeras asistenciales. Del proceso se evaluó la dimensión calidad científico-técnica, para lo que se seleccionó por los criterios de Kessner la actividad trazadora Recepción del paciente. Se realizó observación directa de la recepción y revisión de registros clínicos, los criterios, indicadores y estándares utilizados fueron fijados por expertos. Se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, se compararon las frecuencias obtenidas con estándares preestablecidos buscando brechas entre lo planificado y lo obtenido, se consideró la evaluación aceptable cuando el valor real alcanzado fue igual o superior al deseado y no aceptable cuando el valor real no alcanzó el deseado. Resultados: de los ocho criterios evaluados en la recepción del paciente, seis fueron cumplidos y dos quedaron por debajo de los estándares establecidos, información suficiente en la recogida de datos se cumplió al 62,96 por ciento, la entrevista y examen físico al 70,37 por ciento. Conclusiones: se consideró aceptable la calidad de la atención de enfermería en la Clínica Internacional de Trinidad(AU)

Introduction: receiving quality care in a patient's right, and guaranteeing it is an imperative of the Cuban national health system facilities. Objective: to assess nursing care quality in the International Clinic of Trinidad Village. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the International Clinic of Trinidad Village from January to June 2014. The study sample was composed of 108 patients admitted during the study period and four nurses. The dimension scientific and technical quality of the process was evaluated, for which we selected the tracer activity Patient admittance by the Kessner criteria. Direct observation of the admittance and review of the clinical records was performed; the criteria, indicators and standards used were fixed by experts. Absolute frequencies and percentages were used, the frequencies obtained with standards were compared in search for gaps between planned and obtained, assessment was considered acceptable when the actual value reached was equal to or higher than the desired and not acceptable when the actual value reached was not the wanted. Results: of the eight criteria evaluated in the patient's admittance, six were achieved and two were below the established standards, enough information in data collection was fulfilled at 62.96 percent, and the interview and physical examination at 70.37 percent. Conclusions: nursing care quality was considered acceptable at the International Clinic of Trinidad Village(AU)

CUIDADO DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA SALUD COMUNITARIA / NURSING CARE COMMUNITY HEALTH

El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) es una herramienta sistemática que facilita la cientificidad de los cuidados en las prácticas comunitarias del profesional de enfermería, la aplicación del método científico en la práctica comunitaria, permite a la enfermería brindar cuidados de forma lógica, sistemática e integral, revaluando las intervenciones para alcanzar los resultados planteados. Se inició con la valoración de Patrones Funcionales de Marjory Gordon y luego en la etapa de diagnóstico y planificación, se interrelacionó con North american nursing diagnosis association (NANDA), Nursing interventions classification (NIC) y Nursing outcomes classification (NOC). Es un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo. Se efectuó un análisis por medio de la aplicación de métodos: escala de medición de los rasgos socio demográfico, estudio de sintomatologías para el descubrimiento prematuro de trastornos mentales en la comunidad y la valoración por patrones funcionales. El PAE incluye diagnósticos más frecuentes, criterios de Resultados, indicadores, intervenciones y actividades para manejar la problemática comunitaria. Se evidenció alteración en los Patrones: Adaptación y Tolerancia al Estrés, Autopercepción-Autoconcepto, Rol-Relaciones, Sueño y Descanso y Percepción y Manejo de la Salud. Un cuidado estandarizado con la interrelación NANDA-NICNOC permite brindar un cuidado holístico desde el punto de vista de la salud mental comunitaria con un grado de cientificidad que enmarca el quehacer profesional proyectando el cuidado individual, familiar y comunitario.

Process Nursing Care (PAE) is a systematic tool that facilitates the scientificity of care in community practice nurse, the application of scientific method in community practice, allows nursing to provide care in logical, systematic and comprehensive reassessing interventions to achieve the proposed results. It began with the valuation of Marjory Gordon Functional Patterns and then at the stage of diagnosis and planning North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) is interrelate. It is a descriptive and prospective study. Diagnosis was made by applying the instruments measuring scale of the socio-demographic characteristics, symptom questionnaire for early detection of mental disorders in the community and appreciation for functional patterns. The PAE includes more frequent diagnoses, criteria outcomes, indicators, interventions and activities to manage community issues. alteration was evidenced in patterns: Adaptation and Stress Tolerance, Self-perception-Self-concept-, Role-Relationships, sleep and rest and Perception and Health Management. A standardized NANDA-NIC-NOC can provide inter care holistic care from the perspective of community mental health with a degree of scientific nature that frames the professional work projecting the individual, family and community care.

Proceso de Atención de Enfermería a una lactante con neumonía basado en patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon / Nursing Care Process on an infant suffering from pneumonia based on the Marjory Gordon Functional Patterns

El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) que se presenta tiene como objetivo: Identificarlas necesidades alteradas, corregir, mantener y rehabilitar al paciente por medio de la aplicación de conocimientos y procedimientos, con la finalidad de que este recobre en el menor tiempo posible su salud, en este caso una lactante con neumonía. Hoy en día, la neumonía es la causa principal de muerte de niños menores de 5 años en todo el mundo, su principal afectación son los alvéolos pulmonares, lo que compromete el patrón respiratorio. Esta enfermedad si no es tratada oportunamente puede tener complicaciones como: fallo respiratorio agudo, absceso pulmonar, insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva. Es entonces cuando el personal de Enfermería juega un papel importante en la ejecución de intervenciones, que ayuden a mantener la permeabilidad y la estabilidad de la vía aérea. Se identificaron las necesidades prioritarias con base en los 11 patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon; se diseñó un plan de cuidados individualizado encaminado al mantenimiento del patrón respiratorio, para este se utilizaron las taxonomías: NANDA, NIC y NOC. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios, se logró disminución de la dificultad respiratoria, mejoría en la permeabilidad de la vía aérea, mantenimiento de la frecuencia cardiaca y prolongación de periodos de sueño; sin embargo debido a que la paciente presentaba una desnutrición severa con evolución de 6 meses, no pudo modificarse ese patrón y aunado a la gravedad del padecimiento falleció.

The Nursing Attention Process (NAP) aims to identify altered needs, and correct, maintain and rehabilitate the patient through the use of knowledge and procedures, so that he/she can be healthy as soon as possible. In this study, the patient was an infant suffering from pneumonia. Currently, pneumonia is the world's principal cause of death in children younger than 5 years old. Indeed, consequences of not treating this illness on time include acute respiratory arrest, lung abscesses, and congestive cardiac insufficiency. Here, is when the nursing staff has a crucial role at maintaining the permeability and stability of the respiratory airways of these patients. Priority needs were identified through the 11 functional pattern of Marjory Gordon. An individualized care plan was designed and aimed to the maintenance of the child's respiratory patterns. NANDA, NIC and NOC taxonomies were used. Satisfactory results included a decrease in the respiratory difficulty, an improvement in the airway permeability, the maintenance of the cardiac rate, and the improvement of sleep time. However, due to a 6 month previous malnutrition, and the complications of this illness, unfortunately this patient died.