Atypical presentation of subdural block resulting in Horner's syndrome and loss of consciousness.

Horner's syndrome is a rare side effect for patients receiving epidural anaesthesia. Studies described Horner's syndrome due to cephalic spread of injected anaesthetics, a high spinal anaesthesia, or a sign of an inadvertent subdural block. A 31-year-old woman (Gravida 1 Para 0) at 40 weeks and 2 days had a caesarean section secondary to second stage arrest. Fourteen minutes after she received the lidocaine bolus, she became unresponsive with nystagmus, unequal pupils and no pupillary reflex. Head CT and MRI showed no intracranial haemorrhage and 2 hours later, she had spontaneous resolution of neurological symptoms with no further sequelae. Although Horner's syndrome is a benign, transient process, clinicians should be mindful regarding epidural catheter placement causing subdural blocks resulting in spontaneous, reversible neurological deficits.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome: clinical considerations and management.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS), defined by the triad of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis, is a rare Mullerian duct malformation, usually diagnosed after menarche, when symptoms related to haematocolpos arise. We report a case of a 14-year-old patient who presented to the emergency department complaining of proctalgia and pelvic pain treated in our medical centre. Ultrasound and abdomino-pelvic MRI imaging studies confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment was surgical incision of the vaginal septum. At the follow-up visit, after the initial procedure, excess vaginal tissue was excised using a hysteroscopic approach during diagnostic vaginoscopy. Vaginoscopy-assisted treatment of the patient proved to be a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment modality that resulted in symptomatic relief and fertility preservation. In conclusion, although premenarche is asymptomatic in the vast majority of cases, HWWS would be optimally diagnosed in childhood to avoid acute late complications, although it is usually first diagnosed after menarche as a result of haematocolpos. Gynaecologists should consider the syndrome in the presence of pelvic mass, renal agenesis, menstrual changes and cyclic pelvic pain.

Uterine torsion with necrosis of bilateral adnexa in a postmenopausal woman.

Uterine torsion is an uncommon entity that is defined as a rotation of greater than 45° around the longitudinal axis of the uterus. Although cases of uterine torsion among pregnant patients have been mentioned in the literature, torsion of a non-gravid uterus is a rare occurrence. A 73-year-old nulliparous woman with a known fibroid uterus underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with frozen section of a 17-18 cm pelvic mass seen on CT imaging. The source of the pelvic mass was unclear on imaging, and benign and malignant possibilities were discussed. During the procedure, necrosis of the uterine fundus and bilateral adnexa were seen due to the fundus being torsed with the uterine fibroid being the pivot point. Uterine torsion, though rare, can be the cause of acute pelvic pain in a postmenopausal woman.

Formação médica e assistência aos processos de abortamento: a perspectiva de residentes de duas universidades públicas em São Paulo, Brasil / Medical training and abortion care from the perspective of residents from two public universities in São Paulo, Brazil / Formación médica y asistencia a los procesos de aborto: la perspectiva de residentes de dos universidades públicas en São Paulo, Brasil

O aborto é um importante tema sob a perspectiva da saúde pública e permeia a prática de diversas especialidades. Enfocamos a assistência a processos de abortamento e sua relação com a formação recebida em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (GO) e Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) por residentes de duas faculdades públicas paulistas. A pesquisa seguiu a metodologia qualitativa, e a produção dos dados empíricos se norteou pela técnica de entrevista em profundidade (13 residentes). Os residentes em GO relatam pautar-se nas experiências práticas para condução dos casos de abortamento. Os residentes em MFC relatam discussões sobre o tema e suas conexões com questões de gênero. O conhecimento clínico, o desenvolvimento de habilidades e técnicas e a maior inserção da abordagem de gênero na formação se revelam fundamentais para o exercício do cuidado integral às mulheres em processo de abortamento.(AU)

Abortion is a major public health issue that cuts across various specialities. This study focused on abortion care and its relatioship with the training received in Gynecology and Obstetrics and Family and Community Medicine by residents of two public Colleges in Sao Paulo. A qualitative research design was adopted consisting of the administration of in-depth interviews with 13 residents. The obstetrics and gynaecology residents reported that they relied on practical experience to provide abortion care, while the family and community medicine residents recounted that they discussed the theme and its connection with gender isssues. Clinical knowledge, the devlopment of skills and techniques, and adopting a gender-sensitive approach in training were revealed to be vital components of comprehensive abortion care.(AU)

El aborto es un tema importante bajo la perspectiva de la salud pública y está presente en la práctica de diversas especialidades. Enfocamos la asistencia a procesos de aborto y su relación con la formación recibida en Ginecología y Obstetricia (GO) y Medicina de Familia y Comunidad (MFC), de residentes de dos facultades públicas de São Paulo. El estudio siguió la metodología cualitativa y la producción de los datos empíricos se rigió por la técnica de entrevista en profundidad (13 residentes). Los residentes de GO relatan que se rigen por las experiencias prácticas para la dirección de los casos de aborto. Los residentes de MFC relatan discusiones sobre el tema y sus vínculos con cuestiones de género. El conocimiento clínico, el desarrollo de habilidades y técnicas y la mayor inserción del abordaje de género en la formación se revelan como fundamentales para el ejercicio del cuidado integral a las mujeres en proceso de aborto.(AU)