Knowledge and practice of radiation safety in Brazilian equine veterinarians are less than optimal: An online survey.

Exposure to ionizing radiation is an occupational risk for veterinarians due to the potential for carcinogenesis, reproductive disorders, cataracts, and hereditary genetic changes. This survey study aimed to identify the radiological protection practices routinely used by veterinarians who work with portable digital X-ray equipment in horses in Brazil and assess their knowledge regarding current legislation. A total of 120 voluntary participation questionnaires were sent to veterinarians who used portable digital radiographic equipment in horses nationwide. The frequencies of the answers were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression models. Thirty-five veterinarians responded (29% response rate). Of these, there was a greater participation of professionals in public institutions (40%, 14/35, p < .001), with 69% from the southeast region (24/35, p < .001) and 69% (24/35, p = .028) being male. We found that self-employed veterinarians had a higher odds ratio (OR) (9.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.39-58.44]; p = .021) of not using personal protective equipment compared with those in professional public institutions. In addition, not knowing the current legislation Collegiate Directorate Resolution 611/22 was a potential risk factor for lower radiological protection (OR, 8.00; 95% CI, [0.79-81.33]; p = 0.079). In conclusion, findings indicated that Brazilian equine veterinarians generally do not adopt adequate radiological protection against ionizing radiation during radiographic examinations and have low knowledge of the current legislation. Results can be used as background for the formulation of specific radiation protection guidelines for veterinarians and incentive educational and training strategies to reduce risks inherent to occupational exposure.

Association of occupational exposure to pesticides with overweight and abdominal obesity in family farmers in southern Brazil.

The association of chronic exposure to pesticides with overweight and abdominal obesity in adult farmers was investigated. This cross-sectional study included a random sample of 122 farmers and their family members of both sexes (61% were male), living in the municipality of Farroupilha, southern Brazil. Pesticide groups and their individual compounds were self-reported and classified according to major functional and chemical classes (never used, 1-20 years, or > 20 years of use). Abdominal obesity and overweight were the outcomes of interest. A multivariate Poisson regression model was analyzed. After confounding factors were controlled, chronic use (>20 years) of insecticides (PR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.00-2.10) and organophosphorus pesticides (PR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02-2.12) was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight but not abdominal obesity. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings and clarify the specific mechanisms of these pollutants in the etiology of obesity.

Serological Evidence of Human Infection with Coxiella burnetii after Occupational Exposure to Aborting Cattle.

Cattle are broadly deemed a source of Coxiella burnetii; however, evidence reinforcing their role in human infection is scarce. Most published human Q fever outbreaks relate to exposure to small ruminants, notably goats. Anti-phase II C. burnetii IgG and IgM were measured by indirect fluorescent antibody tests in 27 farm and veterinary diagnostic laboratory workers to ascertain whether occupational exposure to cattle aborting due to C. burnetii was the probable source of exposure. Four serological profiles were identified on the basis of anti-phase II IgG and IgM titres. Profile 1, characterised by high IgM levels and concurrent, lower IgG titres (3/27; 11.1%); Profile 2, with both isotypes with IgG titres higher than IgM (2/27; 7.4%); Profile 3 with only IgG phase II (5/27; 18.5%); and Profile 4, in which neither IgM nor IgG were detected (17/27; 63.0%). Profiles 1 and 2 are suggestive of recent C. burnetii exposure, most likely 2.5-4.5 months before testing and, hence, during the window of exposure to the bovine abortions. Profile 3 suggested C. burnetii exposure that most likely predated the window of exposure to aborting cattle, while Profile 4 represented seronegative individuals and, hence, likely uninfected. This study formally linked human Q fever to exposure to C. burnetii infected cattle as a specific occupational hazard for farm and laboratory workers handling bovine aborted material.

Manejo de medidas de bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería que labora en el área de emergencia del hospital general norte de Guayaquil IESS los ceibos / Management of biosecurity measures for nursing personnel working in the emergency area of the Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos

Las medidas de Bioseguridad son un conjunto de normas preventivas que debe aplicar el personal de salud y de enfermería para evitar el contagio por la exposición de agentes infecciosos, sean físicos, químicos o biológicos. Objetivo: Determinar el manejo de las medidas de bioseguridad del personal de enfermería del servicio de emergencia del Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. Fundamentándose en la gran problemática del manejo de los riesgos biológicos en el personal sanitario, que con frecuencia omite aplicar normas de seguridad, lo que aumenta el riesgo de contraer una enfermedad infectocontagiosa de tipo laboral. Materiales y métodos: La metodología empleada fue diseño descriptivo, con corte transversal, Cuali-cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se la realizó mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios pre estructurado, los cuales ayudaron a establecer el nivel de conocimientos y manejo de las medidas de bioseguridad por parte del personal. La muestra la conformaron 90 enfermeras y enfermeros que laboran en el área de emergencia. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que el nivel de conocimiento del personal de enfermería es alto o adecuado con un porcentaje promedio de 77,67%, por ende, el 22,33% del personal desconoce estas medidas preventivas o tiene conocimiento deficiente. Con respecto a la aplicación de las medidas de bioseguridad se obtuvo un porcentaje general de 47%, es decir se considera la aplicación de estas normas por parte del personal deficiente e insuficiente. Conclusión: Se menciona que hay riesgos en el área de emergencia, prevaleciendo entre ellos el biológico de acuerdo a la opinión del personal encuestado, por otra parte, se determinó un conocimiento eficiente de las medidas de bioseguridad, pero su aplicación en relación al conocimiento es deficiente, situación que incrementa el riesgo laboral(AU)

Biosafety measures are a set of preventive rules to be applied by health and nursing personnel to avoid contagion by exposure to infectious agents, whether physical, chemical or biological. Objective: To determine the management biosecurity measures of the nursing staff of the emergency service of the Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. Based on the great problem of the management of biological risks in health personnel, who often fail to apply safety standards, which increases the risk of contracting an occupational infectious-contagious disease. Materials and methods: The methodology used was a descriptive, cross-sectional, qualitative-quantitative design. Data collection was carried out through the application of pre-structured questionnaires, which helped to establish the level of knowledge and management biosafety measures by the personnel. The sample consisted of 90 nurses working in the emergency area. The results: The results revealed that the level of knowledge of the nursing personnel is high or adequate with an average percentage of 77.67%; therefore, 22.33% of the personnel are unaware of these preventive measures or have deficient knowledge. With respect to the application biosecurity measures, an overall percentage of 47% was obtained, i.e. the application of these norms by of personnel is considered deficient and insufficient. Conclusion: It is mentioned that there are risks in the emergency area, prevailing among them the biological risk, according to the opinion of the personnel surveyed. On the other hand, an efficient knowledge of the biosecurity measures was determined, but their application in relation to the knowledge is deficient, a situation that increases the occupational risk(AU)

Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae) parasitism among poultry farm workers in Minas Gerais state, Brazil / Parasitismo de Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae) em trabalhadores de avicultura no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Ornithonyssus sylviarum is a hematophagous mite present in wild, domestic, and synanthropic birds. However, this mite can affect several vertebrate hosts, including humans, leading to dermatitis, pruritus, allergic reactions, and papular skin lesions. This study evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of O. sylviarum attacks on poultry workers, including data on laying hens, infrastructure and management of hen houses, and reports of attacks by hematophagous mites. In addition, a case of mite attack on a farm worker on a laying farm in the Midwest region in Minas Gerais is presented. It was found that 60.7% farm workers reported attacks by hematophagous mites. Correspondence analysis showed an association between reports of mite attacks in humans with (1) presence of O. sylviarum in the hen house, (2) manual removal of manure by employees, and (3) history of acaricide use. The specimens collected from the location were confirmatively identified as O. sylviarum. O. sylviarum attacks ave not been reported when manure was removed in a shorter time interval and did not use acaricide in the sheds when the removal was done by manure conveyor belt. Parasitism by O. sylviarum should be considered a relevant occupational hazard affecting employees working in direct contact with commercial egg-laying hens in Minas Gerais. We emphasized the need to monitor hen infestations by this mite to improve the development of mite control strategies.(AU)

Ornithonyssus sylviarum é um ácaro hematófago de aves silvestres, domésticas e sinantrópicas. No entanto, este ácaro pode afetar vários hospedeiros vertebrados, incluindo humanos, levando a dermatites, prurido, reações alérgicas e lesões cutâneas papulosas. O presente estudo avaliou os aspectos epidemiológicos do ataque de O. sylviarum em trabalhadores de granjas avícolas e descreveu um relato de caso em uma granja de postura. Este estudo utilizou um banco de dados secundário com informações sobre as poedeiras, infraestrutura e manejo dos galinheiros e relatos de ataques por ácaros hematófagos. Foi apresentado um caso de ataque de ácaro a um trabalhador rural no Centro-Oeste em Minas Gerais. Houve uma frequência de 60,7% de trabalhadores que relataram ter sido atacados por ácaros hematófagos em fazendas. A análise de correspondência mostrou uma associação entre relatos de ataques de ácaros em humanos com (1) presença de O. sylviarum na fazenda, (2) remoção manual de esterco por funcionários da fazenda e (3) histórico de uso de acaricidas. Os espécimes coletados do local foram identificados como O. sylviarum. Não há ataques de O. sylviarum, quando a remoçãodo esterco é feita em menor intervalo de tempo, e não se utiliza acaricida nos galpões quando a remoção é feita por esteira transportadora de esterco. Conclui-se que o parasitismo por O. Sylviarum deve ser considerado como um risco ocupacional relevante, que afeta trabalhadores que trabalham diretamente com poedeiras comerciais em Minas Gerais. Ressaltamos a necessidade de monitorar as infestações de aves por esse ácaro, a fim de melhorar o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle.(AU)

Análisis citogenético en linfocitos de trabajadores expuestos a radiación ionizante en una unidad de cardiología intervencional de Chile: estudio piloto y revisión de la literatura / Citogenetic effects upon lymphocyes in subjects exposed to ionizing radiadion in an interventional laboratory cardiology: pilot study and literature review

ANTECEDENTES: Un número creciente de artículos está llamando la atención en forma consistente sobre la eventual asociación que existe entre los denominados trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos a bajos niveles de radiación ionizante (POEs) y una mayor frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas, a nivel Sudamericano estos estudios son escasos. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas en linfocitos de sangre periférica de POEs de un hospital y de sujetos sanos. Adicionalmente, se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de los artículos que a la fecha abordaron este tema. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se condujo un análisis citogenético destinado a cuantificar las aberraciones cromosómicas en sangre periférica de linfocitos de 6 POEs de la unidad de Cardiología Intervencional y, como controles, 6 muestras de sujetos de la población general fueron analizadas. RESULTADOS: Se observó un importante contraste en el número de aberraciones cromosómicas presentadas en los POEs versus la población general no expuesta a radiaciones ionizantes, siendo esta de una relación de 6:1, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados preliminares indican una mayor frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas en los POEs versus la población general, sin embargo, se deberá esperar los resultados de la segunda fase de investigación, donde al ampliar la muestra en análisis se podrán obtener conclusiones estadísticamente significativas.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of an increased number of chromosomes aberrations in subjects exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation (POEs). There are few studies on this subject in Latin America AIM: To evaluate the frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood in subjects working in laboratories where low levels of ionizing radiation are present and to compare these findings to those of unexposed subjects. METHODS: A cytogenic analysis to quantify chromosome aberrations was performed in 6 POs subjects from a cardiology invasive laboratory and 6 controls from a general unexposed population. RESULTS: Compared to controls, an approximately 6-fold increase in the number of chromosome aberrations was observed.in subjects exposed to ionizing radiation CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate that there is an increased number of chromosome aberrations in subjects exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation, as occurs in people working in a cardiology interventional laboratory. Studies in large numbers of subjects and preferably followed prospectively are needed to evaluate more precisely this effect.

Years of life lost by CNCD attributed to occupational hazards in Brazil: GBD 2016 study / Anos de vida perdidos por DCNT atribuídos aos riscos ocupacionais no Brasil: estudo GBD 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the years of life lost due to premature death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as a result of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributable to occupational hazard factors, and to compare their position according to the risk ranking for chronic noncommunicable diseases in 1990 and 2016. METHODS Data for the DALY indicator, estimated from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 (GBD 2016) study, were analyzed for noncommunicable chronic diseases attributable to occupational, and other risk factors, selected in Brazil. A descriptive analysis was performed comparing the proportion of DALY by sex and age group (15 to 49 and 50 to 69 years old), as well as the ranking of occupational hazard factors in 1990 and 2016. RESULTS In 2016, ergonomic risk factors, carcinogenic agents, and noise in the workplace were among the 25 largest contributors to DALY for chronic noncommunicable diseases affecting the age group between 15 and 49 years. The contribution of all occupational hazard factors increased in 2016, except for occupational aerodispersoids affecting men. Concerning the age group between 50 and 69, occupational carcinogens stand out, with an increase of 26.0% for men, and 17.1% for women in 2016. Risk factors evaluated according to their 1990 and 2016 ranking show that occupational hazards have all scored higher on the second evaluation (2016), especially when compared with other risks. CONCLUSIONS The global burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributed to occupational hazard factors has become increasingly important. We suggest the strengthening of the approach of occupational hazard factors in the agendas for tackling these diseases in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar anos de vida perdidos por morte prematura e por incapacidade ( disability-adjusted life years - DALY) em decorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e comparar a posição desses fatores no ranking dos riscos para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em 1990 e 2016. MÉTODOS Os dados referentes ao indicador DALY, estimado no estudo de Carga Global de Doenças de 2016 (GBD 2016), foram analisados para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e outros selecionados no Brasil. Realizou-se análise descritiva comparando a proporção de DALY por sexo e faixa etária (15 a 49 e 50 a 69 anos), além do ranqueamento de atribuição dos fatores de risco ocupacionais em 1990 e 2016. RESULTADOS Em 2016, fatores de risco ergonômicos, agentes carcinogênicos e ruído no ambiente laboral estiveram entre os 25 que mais contribuíram para os DALY por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na faixa etária de 15 a 49 anos. A contribuição de todos fatores de risco ocupacionais aumentou em 2016, exceto os aerodispersoides ocupacionais para os homens. Para a faixa etária de 50 a 69 anos, sobressaem os agentes carcinogênicos ocupacionais, com aumento de 26.0% para homens e 17.1% para mulheres em 2016. Comparando o ranqueamento de 1990 e 2016 dos fatores de risco avaliados, os ocupacionais ascenderam de posição, com destaque em relação aos demais. CONCLUSÕES A carga global de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atribuídas aos fatores de risco ocupacionais têm adquirido importância crescente. Sugere-se reforçar a abordagem dos fatores de risco ocupacionais nas agendas para enfrentamento dessas doenças no Brasil.

Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae) parasitism among poultry farm workers in Minas Gerais state, Brazil / Parasitismo de Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae) em trabalhadores de avicultura no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Ornithonyssus sylviarum is a hematophagous mite present in wild, domestic, and synanthropic birds. However, this mite can affect several vertebrate hosts, including humans, leading to dermatitis, pruritus, allergic reactions, and papular skin lesions. This study evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of O. sylviarum attacks on poultry workers, including data on laying hens, infrastructure and management of hen houses, and reports of attacks by hematophagous mites. In addition, a case of mite attack on a farm worker on a laying farm in the Midwest region in Minas Gerais is presented. It was found that 60.7% farm workers reported attacks by hematophagous mites. Correspondence analysis showed an association between reports of mite attacks in humans with (1) presence of O. sylviarum in the hen house, (2) manual removal of manure by employees, and (3) history of acaricide use. The specimens collected from the location were confirmatively identified as O. sylviarum. O. sylviarum attacks ave not been reported when manure was removed in a shorter time interval and did not use acaricide in the sheds when the removal was done by manure conveyor belt. Parasitism by O. sylviarum should be considered a relevant occupational hazard affecting employees working in direct contact with commercial egg-laying hens in Minas Gerais. We emphasized the need to monitor hen infestations by this mite to improve the development of mite control strategies.

RESUMO: Ornithonyssus sylviarum é um ácaro hematófago de aves silvestres, domésticas e sinantrópicas. No entanto, este ácaro pode afetar vários hospedeiros vertebrados, incluindo humanos, levando a dermatites, prurido, reações alérgicas e lesões cutâneas papulosas. O presente estudo avaliou os aspectos epidemiológicos do ataque de O. sylviarum em trabalhadores de granjas avícolas e descreveu um relato de caso em uma granja de postura. Este estudo utilizou um banco de dados secundário com informações sobre as poedeiras, infraestrutura e manejo dos galinheiros e relatos de ataques por ácaros hematófagos. Foi apresentado um caso de ataque de ácaro a um trabalhador rural no Centro-Oeste em Minas Gerais. Houve uma frequência de 60,7% de trabalhadores que relataram ter sido atacados por ácaros hematófagos em fazendas. A análise de correspondência mostrou uma associação entre relatos de ataques de ácaros em humanos com (1) presença de O. sylviarum na fazenda, (2) remoção manual de esterco por funcionários da fazenda e (3) histórico de uso de acaricidas. Os espécimes coletados do local foram identificados como O. sylviarum. Não há ataques de O. sylviarum, quando a remoçãodo esterco é feita em menor intervalo de tempo, e não se utiliza acaricida nos galpões quando a remoção é feita por esteira transportadora de esterco. Conclui-se que o parasitismo por O. Sylviarum deve ser considerado como um risco ocupacional relevante, que afeta trabalhadores que trabalham diretamente com poedeiras comerciais em Minas Gerais. Ressaltamos a necessidade de monitorar as infestações de aves por esse ácaro, a fim de melhorar o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle.

Injuries caused by fish to fishermen in the Vale do Alto Juruá, Western Brazilian Amazon

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to document injuries caused by fish among professional fishermen in the Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: We undertook a descriptive, retrospective study, involving 51 professional fishermen, to determine clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of their injuries. RESULTS: Among 51 fishermen interviewed, most injuries were due to mandi (Pimelodus spp.), and the hands were the most injured region, resulting in pain and bleeding in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings confirm the morbidity of fish-related injuries, and reaffirm the need for relevant information regarding prevention and injury management.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for CKD Among Brickmaking Workers in La Paz Centro, Nicaragua.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: In Central America, there is a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of nontraditional etiology often observed among agricultural workers. Few studies have assessed CKD prevalence among workers in nonagricultural occupations, which was the objective of this investigation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Male and female workers (n = 224) employed by artisanal brickmaking facilities in La Paz Centro, Nicaragua. PREDICTORS: Age, sex, education, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol consumption, water consumption, first-degree relative(s) with CKD, years worked, hours worked per week, job category, study visit (baseline and follow-up), and self-reported hypertension and diabetes. OUTCOMES: CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60mL/min/1.73m2 at 2 time points 4 months apart and CKD stage. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: A linear mixed-effects model with an unstructured covariance matrix was used to evaluate the association between demographics, occupational risk factors, and eGFR at baseline. The interaction between risk factors and time with change in eGFR was also evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate predictors of CKD. RESULTS: The CKD prevalence was 12.1% (n = 27), 100% of cases were male, 30% had stage 5 CKD (eGFR < 15mL/min/1.73m2), and 22% were younger than 35 years. Proportions of participants with eGFRs < 60mL/min/1.73m2 at baseline and follow-up were 13.8% and 15.2%, respectively. Linear regression analysis demonstrated significant predictors of lower kidney function at baseline including oven work, older age, lack of education, and having an immediate family member with CKD. Predictors of CKD identified using logistic regression analysis included oven work and lack of education. LIMITATIONS: Crude job classification measures, loss to follow-up, self-reported exposures. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CKD is high in this population of brick workers, suggesting that the epidemic of CKD affecting Mesoamerica is not limited to agricultural workers. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that occupational heat exposure is a risk factor for kidney disease in this region.

Extractivism of palm tree fruits: A risky activity because of snakebites in the state of Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We present here the risk from snakebites because of palm extractivism in western Amazonia. METHODS: The data were extracted from a cross-sectional sample study, from January 2016 to April 2018, at the Juruá Regional Hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre). RESULTS: There were 14 Bothrops incidents involving males, most of them occurring during the harvesting of "açaí" (Euterpe precatoria). CONCLUSIONS: During the harvesting of "açaí," there is the risk of the presence of B. atrox on the ground near the palm tree, and of B. bilineatus at the top of the palm tree.

La evaluación de riesgos en la prevención de enfermedades profesionales, incidentes y accidentes laborales en el cultivo intensivo de tilapia / The evaluation of risks in the disease prevention professional, incidental and occupational accidents in the intensive farming of tilapia

RESUMEN Introducción: el cuidado y preservación de la salud en los trabajadores es un factor clave para el incremento de la productividad, la sostenibilidad del trabajo realizado y el bienestar de todos sus empleados. El cultivo intensivo de la tilapia en Cuba es un proceso clave en la producción de alimentos saludables. Sin embargo, en esta actividad existen un conjunto de factores de riesgo que pueden provocar incidentes/accidentes laborales en las diferentes fases de su cultivo y que además pueden provocar enfermedades profesionales o comunes en los trabajadores involucrados. Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgos presentes en la actividad de cultivo intensivo de tilapia, desarrollada en una empresa pesquera. Materiales y métodos: e stán referidos a los tipos de investigación utilizados: exploratorios, descriptivos y explicativos. En cuanto a los métodos empíricos aplicados se incluyen la revisión bibliográfica, el método científico inductivo-deductivo y el análisis y la síntesis. Además de las herramientas propias del campo de investigación implicado (herramienta mapa del cuerpo y método binario de evaluación de riesgo). Resultados: s e identifican y evalúan los riesgos para la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores que laboran en el cultivo intensivo de la tilapia. Además, se identifican las principales dolencias en el cuerpo por la incidencia de las condiciones de trabajo y las tareas a desarrollar, considerando tres momentos: inicio, mediado y final de la jornada laboral. Se proponen las acciones preventivas a considerar para evitar problemas de salud, incidentes o accidentes laborales en función de las evaluaciones realizadas. Conclusiones: se destaca que el procedimiento utilizado y los resultados obtenidos constituyen una guía útil para las diferentes organizaciones que deseen conocer la incidencia que tienen los factores de riesgo encontrados en la salud de sus trabajadores, proponiendo un conjunto de medidas preventivas y correctivas para atenuar las situaciones desfavorables (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: care and preservation of the health in the workers is a key factor for the productivity improvement, the sustainability of the realized work and the well-being of all its employees. The intensive farming of the Tilapia in Cuba is a key process in the production of wholesome foods. However; In this activity there are a set of risk factors that incidents can provoke occupational accidents in the different phases of their cultivation and that besides they can provoke professional or common diseases in the implicated workers. Objective: evaluating the factors of present risks in the activity of intensive farming of Tilapia, developed in a fishing company. Materials and methods: they are referred to the types of investigation used: Exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. As to the empiric applied methods they include the bibliographic revision, the inductive deductive scientific method and the analysis and the synthesis. In addition to the own tools of the implicated line of research (tool map of the body and binary method of risk assessment). Results: they provide evidence of their identity and they evaluate security risks and health of the workers that labor in the intensive farming of the tilapia. Furthermore, provide evidence of their identity the main illnesses in the body for the incidence of the working conditions and the tasks to develop, considering three moments: Start, mediated and final of the workday. Actions for provisional remedy intend to consider to avoid health problems, incidents or occupational accidents in terms of the realized evaluations. Conclusions: he stands out that the used procedure and the obtained results constitute an useful guideline for the different organizations that they desire knowing the incidence that have the risk factors found in the health of their workers, proposing a set of measures preventive and corrective to attenuate the unfavorable situations (AU).

La evaluación de riesgos en la prevención de enfermedades profesionales, incidentes y accidentes laborales en el cultivo intensivo de tilapia / The evaluation of risks in the disease prevention professional, incidental and occupational accidents in the intensive farming of tilapia

RESUMEN Introducción: el cuidado y preservación de la salud en los trabajadores es un factor clave para el incremento de la productividad, la sostenibilidad del trabajo realizado y el bienestar de todos sus empleados. El cultivo intensivo de la tilapia en Cuba es un proceso clave en la producción de alimentos saludables. Sin embargo, en esta actividad existen un conjunto de factores de riesgo que pueden provocar incidentes/accidentes laborales en las diferentes fases de su cultivo y que además pueden provocar enfermedades profesionales o comunes en los trabajadores involucrados. Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgos presentes en la actividad de cultivo intensivo de tilapia, desarrollada en una empresa pesquera. Materiales y métodos: e stán referidos a los tipos de investigación utilizados: exploratorios, descriptivos y explicativos. En cuanto a los métodos empíricos aplicados se incluyen la revisión bibliográfica, el método científico inductivo-deductivo y el análisis y la síntesis. Además de las herramientas propias del campo de investigación implicado (herramienta mapa del cuerpo y método binario de evaluación de riesgo). Resultados: s e identifican y evalúan los riesgos para la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores que laboran en el cultivo intensivo de la tilapia. Además, se identifican las principales dolencias en el cuerpo por la incidencia de las condiciones de trabajo y las tareas a desarrollar, considerando tres momentos: inicio, mediado y final de la jornada laboral. Se proponen las acciones preventivas a considerar para evitar problemas de salud, incidentes o accidentes laborales en función de las evaluaciones realizadas. Conclusiones: se destaca que el procedimiento utilizado y los resultados obtenidos constituyen una guía útil para las diferentes organizaciones que deseen conocer la incidencia que tienen los factores de riesgo encontrados en la salud de sus trabajadores, proponiendo un conjunto de medidas preventivas y correctivas para atenuar las situaciones desfavorables (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: care and preservation of the health in the workers is a key factor for the productivity improvement, the sustainability of the realized work and the well-being of all its employees. The intensive farming of the Tilapia in Cuba is a key process in the production of wholesome foods. However; In this activity there are a set of risk factors that incidents can provoke occupational accidents in the different phases of their cultivation and that besides they can provoke professional or common diseases in the implicated workers. Objective: evaluating the factors of present risks in the activity of intensive farming of Tilapia, developed in a fishing company. Materials and methods: they are referred to the types of investigation used: Exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. As to the empiric applied methods they include the bibliographic revision, the inductive deductive scientific method and the analysis and the synthesis. In addition to the own tools of the implicated line of research (tool map of the body and binary method of risk assessment). Results: they provide evidence of their identity and they evaluate security risks and health of the workers that labor in the intensive farming of the tilapia. Furthermore, provide evidence of their identity the main illnesses in the body for the incidence of the working conditions and the tasks to develop, considering three moments: Start, mediated and final of the workday. Actions for provisional remedy intend to consider to avoid health problems, incidents or occupational accidents in terms of the realized evaluations. Conclusions: he stands out that the used procedure and the obtained results constitute an useful guideline for the different organizations that they desire knowing the incidence that have the risk factors found in the health of their workers, proposing a set of measures preventive and corrective to attenuate the unfavorable situations (AU).

Riscos ocupacionais na oncologia veterinária: avaliação do conhecimento de médicos veterinários brasileiros sobre a administração e manipulação de fármacos antineoplásicos / Occupation hazard in veterinary oncology: evaluation of the knowledge of brazilian veterinarians about administration and manipulation of antineoplastic drugs

Apesar de a quimioterapia ser uma modalidade terapêutica muito comum no tratamento de pacientes com câncer, os riscos de manipulação de fármacos antineoplásicos ainda são desconhecidos por muitos médicos veterinários que a utilizam de forma inapropriada, desconhecendo seu potencial mutagênico, teratogênico e carcinogênico promovendo riscos à própria saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento de médicos veterinários brasileiros, sobre os riscos ocupacionais de manipulação e formas corretas de administração de fármacos antineoplásicos na rotina oncológica. Foram entrevistados 442 médicos veterinários das cinco regiões brasileiras e os mesmos responderam questões de múltipla escolha a respeito das práticas adotadas durante a aplicação e manipulação de quimioterapia na rotina clínica. Os resultados desse estudo demonstram que os médicos veterinários brasileiros possuem conhecimento parcial sobre as condutas a serem realizadas durante a administração e manipulação de quimioterápicos além de muitos profissionais desconhecerem os riscos ocupacionais inerentes a esses fármacos colocando em risco a própria saúde, assim como a dos tutores e seus animais.

Although chemotherapy is a very common therapeutic modality in the treatment of cancer patients, the risks of manipulation of antineoplastic drugs are still unknown by many veterinary who use it inappropriately, ignoring itsmutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic potential, promoting risks to its own heath. The objective of the study was toevaluate the knowledge of Brazilian veterinarians about the occupational risks of manipulation and correct forms ofadministration of chemotherapy in the oncological routine. A total of 442 veterinarians from five Brazilian regions were interviewed and answered multiple choice questions regarding the practices adopted during the application and manipulation of chemotherapy in the clinical practice. The results of this study demonstrate that Brazilian veterinarians have partial knowledge about the conducts to be performed during the administration and manipulation of chemotherapeutic agents, and many professionals are unaware of the occupational risks inherent to these drugs andthese actions can compromise the own health as well as that of the owners and animals.

Riscos ocupacionais na oncologia veterinária: avaliação do conhecimento de médicos veterinários brasileiros sobre a administração e manipulação de fármacos antineoplásicos / Occupation hazard in veterinary oncology: evaluation of the knowledge of brazilian veterinarians about administration and manipulation of antineoplastic drugs

Apesar de a quimioterapia ser uma modalidade terapêutica muito comum no tratamento de pacientes com câncer, os riscos de manipulação de fármacos antineoplásicos ainda são desconhecidos por muitos médicos veterinários que a utilizam de forma inapropriada, desconhecendo seu potencial mutagênico, teratogênico e carcinogênico promovendo riscos à própria saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento de médicos veterinários brasileiros, sobre os riscos ocupacionais de manipulação e formas corretas de administração de fármacos antineoplásicos na rotina oncológica. Foram entrevistados 442 médicos veterinários das cinco regiões brasileiras e os mesmos responderam questões de múltipla escolha a respeito das práticas adotadas durante a aplicação e manipulação de quimioterapia na rotina clínica. Os resultados desse estudo demonstram que os médicos veterinários brasileiros possuem conhecimento parcial sobre as condutas a serem realizadas durante a administração e manipulação de quimioterápicos além de muitos profissionais desconhecerem os riscos ocupacionais inerentes a esses fármacos colocando em risco a própria saúde, assim como a dos tutores e seus animais.(AU)

Although chemotherapy is a very common therapeutic modality in the treatment of cancer patients, the risks of manipulation of antineoplastic drugs are still unknown by many veterinary who use it inappropriately, ignoring itsmutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic potential, promoting risks to its own heath. The objective of the study was toevaluate the knowledge of Brazilian veterinarians about the occupational risks of manipulation and correct forms ofadministration of chemotherapy in the oncological routine. A total of 442 veterinarians from five Brazilian regions were interviewed and answered multiple choice questions regarding the practices adopted during the application and manipulation of chemotherapy in the clinical practice. The results of this study demonstrate that Brazilian veterinarians have partial knowledge about the conducts to be performed during the administration and manipulation of chemotherapeutic agents, and many professionals are unaware of the occupational risks inherent to these drugs andthese actions can compromise the own health as well as that of the owners and animals.(AU)

Waste diagnosis in public dental facilities in Recôncavo Baiano county: contributions to integrated waste management / Diagnóstico de resíduos em instalações dentárias públicas em um município do Recôncavo Baiano: contribuições para o gerenciamento integrado de resíduos

Health Care Service Waste (HSW) plays an important role in public health due to its intrinsic hazards, the presence ofpathogenic organisms, and the heterogeneity of its composition. Since the incorrect disposal of HSW can cause seriousdamage to society and to the environment, waste management should be implemented from the moment residues aregenerated until their final disposal. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the management process of dental wastein Family Health Units (FHUs) of a city in Recôncavo Baiano county in Bahia, Brazil. Data collection was performed bymeans of direct observation, pictures and written descriptions of the management process, and included a structuredquestionnaire answered by the dentists working in the units. Our results show that the FHUs analyzed in this study didnot comply with the prescribed legal standards when dealing with dental waste. Thus, a Health Care Service WasteManaging Program needs to be implemented

Os Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) possuem um papel de destaque no cenário da saúde pública, devido a sua periculosidade intrínseca, presença de organismos patogênicos e a heterogeneidade de sua composição. Na medida em que a sociedade e os profissionais tomam consciência de que o destino inadequado dos RSS, causam sérios danos à sociedade e ao meio ambiente, é necessária a implantação de uma gestão de resíduos. Desta maneira, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de gerenciamento dos resíduos odontológicos nas Unidades de Saúde da Família(USF) de um município do Recôncavo Baiano. Para tanto, realizou-se observações no local de estudo referente ao processo de gerenciamento, sendo realizado registro escrito e fotográfico e a aplicação de um formulário estruturado para os cirurgiões-dentistas das USF. Constatou-se que nas USF estudadas não são cumpridas as normas legais quanto ao manejo dos resíduos odontológicos sendo necessária a implantação de um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde

Whole-body vibration and musculoskeletal diseases in professional truck drivers / Vibração de corpo inteiro e desordens musculoesqueléticas em motoristas de caminhão

Abstract Background: Most occupational diseases do not fit the paradigm of medical interpretation of the health-disease process based on linear causality, in which it would be possible to find a single cause for each type of disease. Objectives: to conduct a systematic review in order to investigate the association between whole-body vibration (WBV) and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in professional truck drivers (PTD). Methods: The scientific databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs and Scielo were used to collect articles published from 2000 until the present time. Two independent reviewers adopted inclusion and quality criteria to evaluate the selected articles. Results: From adopted inclusion and quality criteria, nine articles were chosen to identify the association between MSD and WBV in PTD. The results showed that MSD seems to be closely associated to exposure to WBV in these workers, mainly due to high prevalence and symptoms of low back pain. Two cohort studies showed exposure to WBV as risk for MSD. Only one, with case-control design, did not show WBV as a significant factor. Conclusions: In this study the importance of exposure analysis of WBV in the occurrence of MSD in PTD was elucidated. This study showed the importance of WBV exposure analysis on the occurrence of MSD in PTD. There is adequate information to provide rationale for the reduction of WBV exposure to the lowest possible level, to ensure the health of these workers. Studies with a greater power of investigation, of a prospective, design, should be encouraged, supplanting those only of association.

Resumo Introdução: A maioria das doenças ocupacionais não se enquadra no paradigma médico de interpretação do processo saúde-doença baseado na causalidade linear, em que seria possível encontrar uma causa única para cada tipo de doença. Objetivo: Empreender uma revisão sistemática para investigar a associação entre vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) e desordens musculoesqueléticas (MED) em motoristas profissionais de caminhão (PTD). Métodos: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados científicas PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS e SciELO para coletar os artigos considerando publicações de 2000 aos dias atuais. Foram aplicados critérios de inclusão e avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos artigos selecionados por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: Nove artigos foram incluídos para identificar análises de associação entre VCI e MED em PTD. Os resultados demonstram que as MED parecem estar intimamente associadas à exposição à VCI nesses trabalhadores, principalmente devido à alta prevalência de dor lombar e sintomas decorrentes dessa afecção. Dois estudos de coorte apontaram a exposição à VCI como risco para MED. Somente um, com desenho caso - controle, não observou a exposição à VCI como significante. Conclusões: Este estudo elucidou a importância da análise da exposição à VCI na ocorrência de MED em PTD. Há informação adequada para dar razão à redução da exposição à VCI ao nível mais baixo possível, para assegurar as condições de saúde desses trabalhadores. Estudos com maior poder de investigação, como os prospectivos, devem ser estimulados, superando aqueles apenas de associação.

What are the health costs of uranium mining? A case study of miners in Grants, New Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Uranium mining is associated with lung cancer and other health problems among miners. Health impacts are related with miner exposure to radon gas progeny. OBJECTIVES: This study estimates the health costs of excess lung cancer mortality among uranium miners in the largest uranium-producing district in the USA, centered in Grants, New Mexico. METHODS: Lung cancer mortality rates on miners were used to estimate excess mortality and years of life lost (YLL) among the miner population in Grants from 1955 to 2005. A cost analysis was performed to estimate direct (medical) and indirect (premature mortality) health costs. RESULTS: Total health costs ranged from $2·2 million to $7·7 million per excess death. This amounts to between $22·4 million and $165·8 million in annual health costs over the 1955-1990 mining period. Annual exposure-related lung cancer mortality was estimated at 2185·4 miners per 100 000, with a range of 1419·8-2974·3 per 100 000. CONCLUSIONS: Given renewed interest in uranium worldwide, results suggest a re-evaluation of radon exposure standards and inclusion of miner long-term health into mining planning decisions.

Riesgos psicosociales en conductores de transporte de carga y pasajeros urbanos e interurbanos, y su asociación con la autopercepción de salud y siniestralidad laboral / Psychosocial risks in freight and passengers, urban and intercity drivers and its association with Self-Rated Health and workplace accidents

La exposición a factores de riesgo psicosociales presentes en el lugar de trabajo constituye un tema prioritario para la salud ocupacional. El OBJETIVO del estudio es estimar la asociación entre factores de riesgo psicosocial presentes en el trabajo, y autopercepción de salud y siniestralidad laboral, en conductores de vehículos de transporte de carga y pasajeros, urbanos e interurbanos, de empresas afiliadas a la Asociación Chilena de Seguridad. Se aplicaron 4 cuestionarios a una muestra de 356 conductores de 4 empresas de transporte, en que 100% fue hombre con una edad promedio de 45,4 ± 9,7 años; el 70,8% transporta pasajeros, con jornadas de 11,4 horas/día. Todas las dimensiones de ISTAS-21 resultaron con promedios inferiores a la referencia salvo "trabajo activo y desarrollo de habilidades". El 93,8% se reportó como "sin alteraciones de salud mental". Se demostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre dimensiones del ISTAS 21 con, GHQ-12 y participación en accidentes de tránsito (sólo compensaciones), aun después de ajustar por variables de confusión. Esto permitió el diseño de intervenciones, consensuadas con las empresas, a fin de controlar/eliminar estas exposiciones para mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de los trabajadores y reducir las enfermedades profesionales y accidentes del trabajo relacionados.

Exposure to psychosocial risk factors present in the workplace is a priority topic for occupational health. The AIM of the study is to estimate the association between psychosocial risk factors present at work, and self-rated health and occupational accidents in drivers of passenger and freight transport, urban and intercity, of companies affiliated with the Chilean Safety Association. Four questionnaires were applied to a sample of 356 drivers from 4 Transport companies, in which 100% were male with a average age of 45,4 ± 9,7 years; 70,8% carry passengers, with working days of 11,4 hours / day. All dimensions of ISTAS-21 resulted with lower averages to the reference except for "active job and skill development." 93,8% was reported as "no mental health disorders". Statistically significant associations between dimensions of ISTAS 21, GHQ-12 and involvement in traffic accidents (just compensation), even after adjusting for confounding variables were demonstrated. This allowed the design of interventions, agreed with the companies, in order to control/eliminate these exposures to improve the health and quality of life of workers and reduce occupational diseases and work-related accidents.

Estado del arte de las investigaciones sobre salud ocupacional en las escuelas de psicología y enfermería de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnologica de Colombia entre 1983 y 2010 / State of the Art of the Research on Occupational Health Conducted at the Psychology and Nursing Schools of Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia between 1983 and 2010

Objetivo: determinar el estado del arte de las investigaciones sobre salud ocupacional, realizadas en las escuelas de enfermería y psicología entre 1983 - 2010 de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (uptc), en Tunja, Colombia. Metodología: estudio de tipo no experimental, de enfoque cuantitativo y la técnica análisis documental; el universo poblacional se conformó por 497 unidades de análisis, luego se utilizó el muestreo por criterio lógico para la selección de la muestra, constituida finalmente por 71 unidades de análisis; 51 de riesgos laborales, 14 de salud ocupacional y 6 educación en salud. La recolección de información se realizó por medio de una rejilla compuesta por dos categorías aspectos formales y aspectos teóricos. Resultados: los resultados muestran que el 56 % de las investigaciones corresponden a enfermería y el 44 % a psicología; el año de mayor producción académica es el 2007, para las dos escuelas con un total de 15 trabajos de grado, 7 de enfermería y 8 de psicología; dentro de los factores de riesgo más estudiados se encuentra el riesgo psicosocial, y el autor más citado fue Gloria Villalobos. Conclusiones: cada disciplina direcciona y aborda las preguntas de investigación, dando su aporte desde su área de conocimiento, en enfermería se destaca el interés por el estudio sobre educación en salud ocupacional, factores de riesgo físicos y químicos mientras que en psicología se tiende a trabajar más los factores de riesgo psicosociales, estrés, carga mental y satisfacción laboral.

Objective: To determine the state of the art of the research on occupational health conducted at the schools of nursing and psychology of Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (uptc – pedagogical and technological university of colombia) between 1983 - 2010. Methodology: A non-experimental study with a quantitative approach and the document analysis technique. The population universe was formed by 497 units of analysis. The sample was selected through sampling by logical criteria. The sample consisted of 71 units of analysis, where 51 corresponded to occupational hazards, 14 to occupational health, and 6 to health education. Data collection was performed by means of a grid composed of two categories, namely: formal aspects and theoretical aspects. Results: The results show that 56% of the research is on nursing and 44% on psychology. The year with the greatest amount of academic production was 2007 for both schools, with a total of 15 dissertations, 7 for nursing, and 8 for psychology. Amongst the most studied risk factors is psychosocial risk; the most quoted author was Gloria Villalobos. Conclusions: Each discipline approaches and addresses the research questions from its own field of knowledge. In nursing, the main focus is the study of occupational health education, and physical and chemical risk factors. In psychology, on the other hand, the focus is rather on psychosocial risk factors, stress, mental load, and job satisfaction.