Factors Related to Electrical Burn Injuries in Occupational and Nonoccupational Settings From 2010 to 2021 in Colombia: Cross-Sectional Design.

Burns affect 11 million people worldwide annually. Electrical burns (EBs) are renowned for inflicting extensive harm and long-term consequences that can lead to severe illnesses and fatalities. People in both occupational and nonoccupational settings may be exposed to EBs, leading to functional or anatomical consequences. We identified sociodemographic features related to EBs in both settings. A cross-sectional design, using an open dataset of electrical shock injuries that occurred in Colombia during the 2010-2021 period, was carried out. Sociodemographic features of people injured in occupational and nonoccupational settings were described in counts (%), incidence per 100 000 people (I0; 95% CI). To identify related factors (age-sex adjusted) with injuries in occupational and nonoccupational settings, we applied a binary logistic regression. Over the 12-year period, there were 1.274 EBs (I0: 2.47; 2.34-2.61), 287 in the occupational setting (I0: 1.35; 1.20-1.51), and 987 in the nonoccupational setting (I0: 3.25; 3.05-3.46). Age median was 31 years, and most cases were distributed in middle adulthood (52.8%), males (88.1%), high school/technician (42.8%), urban location (73.7%), weekdays (95.3%), and daytime hours (85.5%). Factors related to EBs in the occupational setting were males, middle adulthood, high school/technician, Thursday, and daytime hours. Other factors related to EBs in the nonoccupational setting were early childhood, primary school, urban location, and weekends. Both settings pose a risk of injuries to individuals. We have identified sociodemographic factors related to these injuries in both occupational and nonoccupational settings, which could aid in preventing damages and long-term complications, especially among vulnerable subgroups such as those determined above.

Descriptive summary of fatal work-related injuries, Western States, 2011-2017.

Work-related deaths are a persistent occupational health issue that can be prevented. However, prevention opportunities can be hampered by a lack of adequate public health resources. The Western States Occupational Network (WestON) is a network of federal, state, and local occupational health professionals that includes a 19-state region of the United States. To encourage public health collaboration, WestON partners examined work-related fatalities within the region. Fatality counts (numerators) were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries restricted-access research files for all workers ages ≥15 years and fatally injured in WestON states from 2011 through 2017. Estimates of full-time equivalent hours worked (FTE) (denominators) were retrieved from the BLS Current Population Survey. Annual average fatality rates were calculated as number of fatalities per 100,000 FTE over the study period. Rates were stratified by state, select demographics, industry sector, and event/exposure types. Pearson chi-squared tests and rate ratios with 95% confidence probability limits were used to assess rate differences. All analyses were conducted using SAS v.9.4. From 2011 through 2017, the annual average overall occupational fatality rate for the WestON region was 3.5 fatalities per 100,000 FTE, comparable to the overall U.S. fatality rate. Male workers had a fatality rate almost 10 times higher than female workers in the region. Fatality rates increased with successive age groups. Alaska and New Mexico had significantly higher fatality rates for all racial/ethnic groups compared to respective regional rates. Wyoming, North Dakota, and Montana had the three highest occupational fatality rates among foreign-born workers. Agriculture/forestry/fishing, mining/oil/gas extraction, and transportation/warehousing/utilities were industry sector groups with the three highest fatality rates regionally. Transportation-related incidents were the most frequent event type associated with occupational fatalities for all 19 states. Work-related fatalities are a crosscutting occupational public health priority. This analysis can be an impetus for collaborative multistate initiatives among a dynamic and varied occupational public health network to better meet the needs of a rapidly changing workforce.

Temporal trend and magnitude of previdenciary benefits for workplace accidents in Brazil / Tendência temporal e magnitude dos benefícios previdenciários de natureza acidentária no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the temporal trend and magnitude of national indicators of previdenciary benefits for workplace accidents issued and granted by the Social Security of Brazil. Methods: Secondary data from Social Security from 2008 to 2019 were used. The trend and percentage variation of the indicators were estimated through Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression. Results: A total of 9,220,372 previdenciary benefits for workplace accidents were issued by the Social Security of Brazil in the period, costing approximately R$ 8.4 billion and representing about 2.0% of the net value of all benefits paid. None of the categories of previdenciary benefits for workplace accidents showed an increasing trend. The highest variation in the benefits granted and issued for workplace accidents occurred in temporary disability benefit (B91), with an annual percentage variation of -54.00% and -29.29%, respectively. Conclusion: A reduction in magnitude and an overall decreasing trend were observed in the historical series of national indicators of benefits granted and benefits issued related to workplace accidents in Brazil from 2008 to 2019.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal e a magnitude dos indicadores nacionais de benefícios previdenciários emitidos e concedidos por acidentes do trabalho pela Previdência Social do Brasil. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados secundários da Previdência Social de 2008 a 2019. A tendência e variação percentual dos indicadores foram estimadas por meio de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Um total de 9.220.372 benefícios previdenciários por acidentes do trabalho foi emitido pela Previdência Social do Brasil no período, custando aproximadamente R$ 8,4 bilhões e representando cerca de 2,0% do valor líquido de todos os benefícios pagos. Nenhuma das categorias de incapacidades relacionadas a acidentes do trabalho apresentou tendência de aumento. A maior variação nos benefícios concedidos e emitidos por acidentes do trabalho ocorreu no auxílio por incapacidade temporária (B91), com variação percentual anual de -29,29% e -54,00%, nessa ordem. Conclusão: Verificou-se redução na magnitude e tendência global decrescente em relação as séries históricas dos indicadores nacionais de benefícios concedidos e emitidos de natureza acidentária no Brasil, de 2008 a 2019.

Como a pandemia de COVID-19 afetou a notificação de acidentes do trabalho em diferentes atividades econômicas e ocupações no Brasil? Um estudo ecológico usando o p-score / How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect occupational accident notification in different economic activities and occupations in Brazil? An ecological study using p-score

Resumo Objetivo: mensurar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 nas notificações de acidentes do trabalho (AT) no Brasil, por atividade econômica e ocupação. Métodos: estudo ecológico que utilizou os casos de AT registrados entre 2015 e 2020 no Anuário Estatístico da Previdência Social. Os AT foram analisados por setor de atividade econômica, ocupação e códigos da 10ª revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10). Uma adaptação do p-score foi aplicada para comparar os casos de AT pré-pandemia com os do primeiro ano da pandemia. Resultados: os p-scores variaram de -60,2%, para AT por nexo técnico epidemiológico, a -13,9%, para AT típico. As doenças do trabalho apresentaram p-score de 151,1%. Houve aumento notável nos casos de doenças ocupacionais dos capítulos I e X da CID-10. As notificações de AT diminuíram em todas as categorias de atividades econômicas, exceto nas de saúde humana e serviços sociais (p-score = 8,0%). Na maioria das categorias, os valores foram negativos, exceto nos subgrupos forças de segurança e profissionais de saúde de nível superior, técnico e gestores. Conclusão: houve redução geral na notificação de AT durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, que evidenciou desigualdades entre diferentes setores de atividades e ocupações, além de mudança no perfil de adoecimento dos trabalhadores.

Abstract Objective: to assess the COVID-19 pandemic impact on Occupational Accident (OA) notifications in Brazil by economic activity and occupation. Methods: an ecological study was conducted using OA cases recorded in the Statistical Yearbook of Social Security from 2015 to 2020. Accidents were analyzed by sector of economic activity, occupation, and ICD-10 codes. Pre-pandemic cases were compared with the first year of the public health emergency scenario caused by Sars-Cov-2 using an adapted p-score. Results: p-scores ranged from -60.2% for technical-epidemiological Occupational Accidents to -13.9% for typical OA. Occupational diseases had a p-score of 151.1%. Cases of occupational diseases from ICD-10 chapters I and X showed a significant increase. OA notifications decreased in all CNAE sections, except for human health and social services activities (p-score = 8.0%). P-score values were negative in most CBO categories, except in subgroups such as security forces and high-level health professionals, technicians, and managers. Conclusion: Brazil registered a general reduction in OA notifications due to the pandemic, which evinced inequalities in different sectors and occupations, as well as changes in the illness profile of workers.

Fatal work accidents in Ecuador from 2014 to 2020: How the age of the deceased worker relates to the accidents' temporal and geographical characteristics.

This article analyzes the relationship between the age of male workers deceased in work accidents and temporal (year, month, day of the week, working shifts), geographic (provinces), and economic sector characteristics in which the accidents occurred in Ecuador between 2014 and 2020. Available data on fatal accidents from the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (IESS) were collected. The results, which report both frequencies and proportions (rates), indicate that fatal accidents have decreased in the period, although the average age of deceased workers has increased. No significant differences were found regarding the month, day of the week, and work shift, nor in the frequency of accidents or the age of the deceased workers. However, differences were found in terms of geographical areas and sectors of economic activity. This study contributes to the literature as it is the first to analyze the temporal and geographical characteristics of fatal accidents about the age of the deceased worker.

Evaluation of Emergency First Response's Competency in Undergraduate College Students: Enhancing Sustainable Medical Education in the Community for Work Occupational Safety.

Worldwide, people's quality of health has been decreasing due to bad eating habits that have generated an increase in diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, overweight, as well as an increase in hours of the daily workday and stress. This situation can generate sudden illness and work accidents where the need to have knowledge in emergency first response (EFR) is necessary for all. Unfortunately, workshops and courses to certify EFR individuals are usually taught only to healthcare professionals. Therefore, to address this need a EFR project has been developed at the Tecnológico de Monterrey (TEC) which consists of a multidisciplinary challenge to train, certify, and evaluate students' competency as "emergency first responders" in medical emergencies and healthcare awareness. This EFR project has been performed for one week, every year since 2015, and constitutes a joint venture among academic departments, faculty, and industrial/government institutions, which work together in multidisciplinary projects, providing a source of innovative proposals. The EFR project at TEC has provided instruction and certification for 966 students between 2015 to 2019 and this study has analyzed results considering a sample size of 197 participants. The combination of exam evaluation, medical emergency skills verification, and project proposal results indicate that most students reach skill levels between 2 and 3 in EFR competency after successfully completing the program, regardless of their year of study or the undergraduate program they are enrolled on. This evaluation emphasizes the compromise of the institution and its students in preparation for new living under sanitary conditions for pandemic conditions such as COVID-19.

Analysis of work-related accidents and ill-health in Brazil since the introduction of the accident prevention factor.

BACKGROUND: Since 2004, Brazil has had a national policy for occupational health and safety. This policy means companies' tax burden is altered according to the numbers of work-related accidents and ill-health amongst their workers. In 2010, a multiplication factor was introduced to this policy, called the Accident Prevention Factor. The idea of this new multiplication factor is to encourage individual employers to take initiatives to prevent accidents and ill health in the workplace. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of work-related accidents and ill-health in Brazil according to their causes, their severity, and the economic activity in which they occur, and to compare the data before and after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor. METHODS: An ecological study was conducted by analyzing the time series of work-related accidents/ill-health between 2008 and 2014 from the Brazilian social security system (Previdência Social) statistical yearbooks. Incidences were calculated per cause, economic activity, and severity of the accident/ill-health. Data from before and after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor were compared using the Mann-Whitney test per cause and per economic activity. Statistical analyses were made using the SPSS software, with significance set at 5%. RESULTS: A reduction in the incidence of work-related accidents/ill-health was found across all the groups of causes analyzed, except for the groups "external causes of morbidity and mortality" and "factors influencing health status and contact with health services." Greater reductions were found for diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and diseases of the nervous system. Reductions in work-related accidents/ill-health were found in the different economic activities and in the different severity groups. The highest reduction after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor was in manufacturing and production (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the incidence of accidents/ill-health was found to be on decline, except those with external causes of morbidity and mortality and those involving factors influencing health status and contact with health services. The biggest reduction was found in manufacturing and production. However, generally speaking progress still needs to be made in accident prevention and occupational health across a whole range of work environments.

Occupational injuries and psychological support in Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study / Lesiones laborales y apoyo psicológico en enfermeras chinas: un estudio transversal / Lesões ocupacionais e apoio psicológico em enfermeiras chinesas: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the occupational injuries and psychological support received by nurses and to investigate the relationship between the two. Method: This was a nation-wide cross-sectional study of nurses working across 1858 hospitals in China. Data were collected using an online structured, self-administered questionnaire between 2016 and 2017. Results: Nearly half of respondents had experienced aggressive behavior from patients or their attendants; 13.4% respondents had experienced aggressive behavior on more than three occasions. 78.96% respondents had experienced needle-stick injuries and 51.22% had experienced psychological trauma. 20.5% respondents believed that hospitals do not pay any attention to occupational safety. 86.1% respondents expressed the need for little or moderate psychological support. Nurses who had experienced aggressive behavior expressed a greater need for psychological support. Nurses working at hospitals that adequately addressed the occupational safety issues expressed the lowest need for psychological support. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of psychological stress and occupational injuries among nurses. Nursing managers need to address this issue and implement interventions to prevent and reduce injuries.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os acidentes de trabalho e o apoio psicológico recebido pelos enfermeiros e investigar a relação entre os dois. Método: Este foi um estudo transversal nacional de enfermeiras que trabalham em 1858 hospitais na China. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário online estruturado e autoaplicável entre 2016 e 2017. Resultados: Quase metade dos entrevistados experimentou comportamento agressivo por parte dos pacientes ou de seus acompanhantes; 13,4% dos entrevistados experimentaram comportamento agressivo em mais de três ocasiões. 78,96% dos entrevistados sofreram ferimentos com agulhas e 51,22% sofreram traumas psicológicos. 20,5% dos entrevistados acreditam que os hospitais não dão atenção à segurança do trabalho. 86,1% dos entrevistados expressaram a necessidade de pouco ou moderado apoio psicológico. Enfermeiros que vivenciaram comportamento agressivo expressaram maior necessidade de apoio psicológico. Os enfermeiros que trabalham em hospitais que abordam de forma adequada as questões de segurança do trabalho expressam a menor necessidade de apoio psicológico. Conclusão: Encontramos alta prevalência de estresse psicológico e lesões ocupacionais entre os enfermeiros. Os gerentes de enfermagem precisam abordar essa questão e implementar intervenções para prevenir e reduzir lesões.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las lesiones ocupacionales y el apoyo psicológico que reciben las enfermeras e investigar la relación entre ambos. Método: Este fue un estudio transversal a nivel nacional de enfermeras que trabajaban en 1858 hospitales en China. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado estructurado en línea entre 2016 y 2017. Resultados: Casi la mitad de los encuestados había experimentado un comportamiento agresivo por parte de los pacientes o sus asistentes; El 13,4% de los encuestados había experimentado un comportamiento agresivo en más de tres ocasiones. El 78,96% de los encuestados había experimentado lesiones por pinchazos de aguja y el 51,22% había experimentado un trauma psicológico. El 20,5% de los encuestados cree que los hospitales no prestan atención a la seguridad laboral. El 86,1% de los encuestados expresó la necesidad de un apoyo psicológico escaso o moderado. Las enfermeras que habían experimentado un comportamiento agresivo expresaron una mayor necesidad de apoyo psicológico. Las enfermeras que trabajan en hospitales que abordaron adecuadamente los problemas de seguridad ocupacional expresaron la menor necesidad de apoyo psicológico. Conclusión: Encontramos una alta prevalencia de estrés psicológico y lesiones ocupacionales entre enfermeras. Los gerentes de enfermería deben abordar este problema e implementar intervenciones para prevenir y reducir las lesiones.

Acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico em fisioterapeutas segundo vínculo formal e informal / Work accidents with exposure to biological material in physiotherapists according to formal and informal employment bonds

Trabalhadores de saúde, incluindo fisioterapeutas, estão sob maior risco de acidentes de trabalho com exposição à material biológico (At-bio), quando comparados a outros. OBJETIVO: Descrever perfil epidemiológico dos At-bio em fisioterapeutas, segundo vínculo de trabalho. MÉTODOS: Estudo de casuística das notificações de At-bio em fisioterapeutas registradas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, Brasil, 2008 a 2018. RESULTADOS: Foram 2.565 registros At-bio em fisioterapeutas, com crescimento de notificações (169,2%) no período, maioria entre os de vínculo formal (68,3%). Entre formais, a maioria foi do sexo feminino (82,7%), com idade entre 30 a 39 anos (46,8%) e raça/cor branca (69,6%). Entre informais, a maioria também foi feminina (85,3%), mais jovens, de 18 a 29 anos (62,2%) e raça/cor branca (69,8%). Em ambos os grupos, a ocupação específica foi fisioterapeuta geral, com casos evoluindo para alta paciente fonte negativa. Os formais tinham 1 a 6 anos de experiência ocupacional (44,8%) e registro de Comunicação do Acidente de Trabalho (CAT) em 58,1% dos casos. Nos informais, o tempo de experiência era menor que 1 ano (47,7%) e apenas 28,6% tiveram o registro da CAT. O uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI) teve pequena diferença entre grupos, sendo luva, avental e máscaras os mais utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: Embora os At-bio sejam mais notificados em fisioterapeutas com vínculo formal, entre informais acontecem em mais jovens, com menor tempo de experiência e sem registro da CAT, além de pior registro de informações e abandono de evoluções, indicando maior vulnerabilidade, especialmente em relação às medidas de proteção social.

Health workers, including physiotherapists, are at greater risk of occupational injuries involving exposure to biological material (OI-bio), when compared to others. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of OI-bio in physiotherapists, according to their work contracts (formal/informal). METHODS: A case study of work-related notifications by biological material in physiotherapists, registered in the Information System Notifiable Diseases, Brazil, from 2008 to 2018. RESULTS: There were 2,565 OI-bio records in physiotherapists, with an increase in notifications (169.2%) in the period. The majority among those with formal contracts (68.3%). Among formals, the majority were female (82.7%), aged between 30 and 39 years (46.8%) and white people (69.6%). Among the informal, the majority were also female (85.3%), younger, 18 to 29 years old (62.2%) and white people (69.8%). In both groups, the specific occupation was general physiotherapist, cases evolving to discharge from a negative patient/source. Formals had 1 to 6 years of occupational experience (44.8%) and record of Communication of Occupational Injury (COI) in 58.1% of cases. Among the informal, the work experience time was less than 1 year (47.7%) and only 28.6% had COI registration. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) had little difference between groups, with gloves, aprons and masks being the most used. CONCLUSION: Although OI-bio are more reported in physiotherapists with formal contract, among informal ones they occur in younger people, with less experience and without COI registration, in addition to worse information registration and abandonment of developments, indicating greater vulnerability, especially in relation to social protection measures.

A prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas em funcionários de empresas de funilaria automotiva em Teresina-PI / The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in employees of automotive functional companies in Teresina-PI

Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho são um conjunto de afecções comumente ligadas ao trabalho e podem ocorrer de forma combinada ou não ao uso repetido e forçado de grupos musculares e à manutenção de posturas inadequadas. Sua incidência vem aumentando gradativamente a cada ano, devido à influência de diversos fatores. OBJETIVOS: Identificar a prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas em funcionários de empresas automotivas. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo foi do quantitativo e qualitativo. Participaram da pesquisa 23 voluntários, os quais foram analisados por meio de uma avaliação física e socioeconômica, além de ser aplicado o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Os participantes foram observados durante a execução de suas atividades no seu ambiente de trabalho, onde foram analisadas as manutenções e compensações posturais e os principais movimentos durante as atividades. RESULTADOS: O estudo evidenciou dentre os participantes predomínio do sexo masculino, foi apresentada a distribuição da amostra em relação a faixa etária, escolaridade, tempo de serviço, função que exerce, percepção de esforço, além de relatar a existência de dor durante e/ou após ao horário de trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontaram para a região da coluna lombar como sendo a de maior intensidade de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos relacionados ao trabalho entre o grupo de trabalhadores pesquisados. Foi observado que não há uma relação linear entre sintomas osteomusculares, avaliação hemodinâmica, idade e tempo de serviço. Por outro lado, a baixa escolarização esteve associada com o aumento da probabilidade de diagnóstico.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a set of common conditions that can affect the combined form or not use repeated and forced repeated and forced muscle groups and the maintenance of inappropriate postures. Its incidence gradually arrives each year, due to the influence of several factors. OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in employees of automotive companies. METHODOLOGY: This study was quantitative and qualitative. 23 volunteers participated in the research, which were analyzed by means of a physical and socioeconomic evaluation, in addition to being applied or the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Participants were observed during the performance of their activities in their work environment, where they were analyzed as postural maintenance and compensation and the main movements during activities. RESULTS: The study showed among the participants with a predominance of male gender, who received a distribution of the sample in relation to age group, education, length of service, functions they exercise, perception of effort, in addition to relating a variable of pain during and/or after working hours. CONCLUSION: The results pointed to a region of the lumbar spine as being the highest intensity of work-related skeletal muscle disorders among the group of workers surveyed. It was observed that there is no linear relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms, hemodynamic assessment, age and length of service. On the other hand, low schooling was associated with an increased probability of diagnosis.

Occupational Health and Safety in the Palm Oil Industry: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The palm oil industry is the largest contributor to global production of oils and fats. Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers of palm oil. More than a million workers are employed in this industry, yet there is a lack of information on their occupational health and safety. OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarize occupational hazards among oil palm plantation workers. METHODS: A search was carried out in June 2018 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid. Relevant publications were identified by a systematic search of four databases and relevant journals. Publications were included if they examined occupational hazards in oil palm plantation workers. RESULTS: 941 publications were identified; of these, 25 studies were found eligible to be included in the final review. Of the 25 studies examined, 19 were conducted in Malaysia, 2 in Costa Rica, and one each in Ghana, Indonesia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, and Cameroon. Oil palm plantation workers were found to be at risk of musculoskeletal conditions, injuries, psychosocial disorders, and infectious diseases such as malaria and leptospirosis. In addition, they have potential exposure to paraquat and other pesticides. CONCLUSION: In light of the potential of palm oil for use as a biofuel, this is an industry with strong growth potential. The workers are exposed to various occupational hazards. Further research and interventions are necessary to improve the working conditions of this already vast and growing workforce.

Cost-benefit analysis of investment in occupational health and safety in Colombian companies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether investment in preventive measures by a Colombian insurer reduces rates of work-related injuries and results in positive returns from these investments. METHODS: The study is based on monthly panel data of 2011-2015 of 303 medium and large companies affiliated with a private insurer in Colombia. We undertook regression modeling analysis to assess the effectiveness of incremental investments in occupational health and safety (OHS) prevention measures. The cost-benefit analysis is from the insurer's perspective. RESULTS: Investment in OHS per full-time equivalent was statistically significant at the 1% level. We estimated that 4919 injuries were averted through these investments, resulting in the avoidance of $3 949 957 in costs. Our results suggest that the investments were worth undertaking from the insurer's perspective. CONCLUSIONS: This paper provides new empirical evidence on the effectiveness and cost-benefit of OHS investments in a middle-income country. Incremental investment in OHS can be effective and cost-beneficial.

Assessment of physical violence against research assistants and nurses in an university hospital / Evaluación de la violencia física contra investigadores asociados y enfermeras en un hospital universitario / Avaliação da violência física contra assistentes de pesquisa e enfermeiros em um hospital universitário

Abstract: 14. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical violence and related factors among assistants and nurses. This cross-sectional study was included 166 research assistants and 209 nurses who worked at the University Hospital. The data was collected with a self-administered questionnaire. As 12.0% participants had a history of physical violence at workplace within the last 6 months. The perpetrator was a patient relative in 41 (78.8%) and the patient himself/herself in 18 (34.6%).The most common place of violence was emergency unit for the assistants and in-patient unit for the nurses. The emergency unit was observed to have a higher incidence of violence than other departments. One of every ten health care workers appears to be a victim of physical workplace violence. Between health care workers with patient/the relatives of the patient of the impact on relations the close of violence to be examined separately according to occupational groups. As a result, professional differences between nurses and doctors should be taken into consideration while investigating health violence. Each professions of healthcare have different professional practice and ethical obligations on the relationship between health care provider and patient /relatives.

Resumen: 18. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en determinar la prevalencia de la violencia física y otros factores relacionados contra investigadores asociados y enfermeras. Este estudio transversal incluyó 166 investigadores asociados y 209 enfermeras trabajadores del hospital universitario. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado. 12% de los participantes informaron de violencia física en su lugar de trabajo en los últimos seis meses. El perpetrador fue un familiar de un paciente en 41 de los casos (78,8%) y pacientes en 18 casos (34,6%). La unidad de emergencia fue el lugar más común donde ocurrió la violencia para los investigadores asociados y la unidad de pacientes para las enfermeras. Se observó que la unidad de emergencia tuvo una mayor incidencia de violencia que otras unidades. Uno de cada 10 trabajadores de la salud es víctima de violencia física en el trabajo. Se examinó separadamente, según grupos de trabajo, el impacto en las relaciones de la violencia contra trabajadores de la salud por parte de pacientes o familiares de estos. Como resultado, se aconseja tener en consideración diferencias profesionales entre médicos y enfermeras cuando se investiga la violencia en el cuidado de la salud. Cada profesión del cuidado de la salud tiene diferentes prácticas profesionales y obligaciones éticas entre el proveedor de salud y el paciente y familiares.

Resumo: 22. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de violência física e fatores relacionados entre assistentes e enfermeiros/as. Este estudo transversal incluiu 166 assistentes de pesquisa e 209 enfermeiras que trabalhavam no Hospital Universitário. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário autoaplicável. Como resultado, 12,0% participantes apresentaram um histórico de violência física no local de trabalho nos últimos 6 meses. Como autores da violência foram identificados: os familiares dos pacientes em 41 questionários (78,8%) e o paciente em si em 18 (34,6%). O local mais comum de violência foi a unidade de emergência para os assistentes de pesquisa e a unidade de internação hospitalar para os enfermeiros/as. Na unidade de emergência, observou-se que há uma maior incidência de violência do que em outros departamentos. Um de cada dez trabalhadores na área de saúde demonstra ser vítima de violência física no local de trabalho. O impacto das relações de violência entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes/familiares deve ser examinado separadamente, de acordo com cada grupo ocupacional. Como resultado, diferenças profissionais entre médicos e enfermeiros/as devem ser consideradas ao investigar violência na área da saúde. Cada profissional de saúde possui diferentes práticas profissionais e obrigações éticas na relação entre médico e paciente / familiares.

Internações hospitalares por acidentes relacionadas ao trabalho notificadas na Bahia / Hospitalizations work-related reported in the state of Bahia

Introdução: Os acidentes e as doenças relacionadas ao trabalho são evitáveis na maioria das vezes e compreendidos como fatos imprevistos e não propositais causadores de lesões e traumas com diferentes magnitudes e repercussões para o trabalhador. Objetivo: Descrever as características das internações hospitalares por acidentes relacionadas ao trabalho na Bahia. Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e de vigilância baseado nas notificações de internações hospitalares por acidentes de trabalho na Bahia, no período de 2014. Foram utilizados dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), com base no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH). As variáveis foram às características sócio-demográficas, listas das causas (Classificação Internacional de Doença ­ CID 10) da internação, tempo de permanência e óbitos. Resultados: Verificou-se no estudo que os homens tiveram a maior frequência de internações relacionadas a acidentes de trabalho com 67,5%. Iniciativas de vigilância são necessárias devido ao perfil de internação, o qual destacou trabalhadores em faixa etária produtiva no mercado de trabalho entre 18 a 35 anos e adultos entre 36 a 59 anos, os quais apresentaram ambos, índices equivalentes a 39,6% cada. Foi observado que o perfil predominante foi devido a trauma na cabeça (30,9%). As notificações apontam a média de permanência entre 1 a 7 dias (93,8%). Do total de 1097 internados, 1,1% foram a óbito no ano de 2014. Conclusões: Apesar das subnotificações, os achados revelaram um expressivo número de internações hospitalares por acidentes de trabalho graves comparado aos acidentes de trabalho fatais. [AU]

Introduction: The occupational injuries (OI) and work related diseases known as unforeseen and unintentional facts are often avoidable. The OI and work related diseases can cause injuries and traumas with different magnitudes and repercussions for the worker. Objetive: to describe the characteristics of hospitalization due accidents workers-related in Bahia. Material e Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and vigilance study based on the notifications of hospitalization for occupational accidents in Bahia, during 2014. Data from the Information Technology Department of the Public Health Care System (DATASUS) were used, based on the Hospital Information System (SIH). The variables of interest used were: sociodemographic characteristics, list of causes (Internacional Classification of Diseases - ICD-10) of hospitalization, length of stay and deaths. Results: It was found in the study that male workers had the highest internment index by 67.5% due to occupational injuries. Surveillance initiatives are necessary due to the hospitalization profile, which highlighted workers in production phase in the labor market between 18 to 35 years old and also adults between 36 to 59 years old presented both, indices equivalent to 39.6% each. The predominant profile of the victims was due to head trauma (30.9%). The notifications indicate the hospital length of stay was around 1 to 7 days (93.8%). Only 1.1% of the total of 1097 admitted died in 2014. Conclusion: Despite the data are underreported, the findings revealed an impressive number of hospitalizations due to serious OI compared to fatal OI. [AU]

Prevalência e fatores associados aos acidentes de trabalho em uma indústria metalmecânica / Prevalence and factors associated with work accidents in a metal-mechanic company

Introdução: Os acidentes de trabalho vitimam mais de 700 mil trabalhadores anualmente no Brasil. Dos três setores econômicos o maior responsável pelos acidentes de trabalho no país é o industrial. Dentro desse setor, a indústria metalúrgica e a metalmecânica se destacam pela proporção de afastamentos decorrentes de acidentes e agravos relacionados ao trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar os riscos ocupacionais existentes e o perfil associado aos acidentes de trabalho ocorridos em uma indústria do setor metalmecânico no período 2007 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado em indústria a partir das análises dos dados das comunicações de acidentes de trabalho (CAT) emitidas pela empresa. Resultados: O perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional predominante dos acidentados na indústria estudada foi o trabalhador do sexo masculino, entre 18 e 29 anos, caucasiano, casado ou em união estável, com nível superior incompleto, soldador/montador e com menos de 5 anos de serviço. As lesões mais frequentes produzidas pelos acidentes ocorridos no período estudado foram: fraturas, luxações, distensões, contusões, escoriações, cortes e amputações; e os agentes causadores mais comuns foram peças de metal. As maiores taxas de acidentes de trabalho ocorreram nos anos de 2008 e 2012, anos associados a períodos de recessão econômica que atingiram o setor metalmecânico. Conclusão: Os registros de acidentes estudados, no qual predominaram os afastamentos por mais de 15 dias, para além da indicação de um setor com perfil de riscos de acidentes graves, podem expressar uma estratégia seletiva patronal, que optou pela omissão do registro dos acidentes de menor gravidade.

Background: Work accidents affect more than 700,000 workers in Brazil each year. Among the three economic sectors, industry is the one that contributes with most work accidents in the country. Metallurgical and metal-mechanic companies stand out within this sector as a function of the frequency of leaves resulting from work-related accidents and illnesses. Objective: To analyze the occupational profile and hazards associated with work accidents at a metal-mechanic company for the period from 2007 to 2015. Methods: Cross-sectional study that analyzed data available in work accident report forms issued by the employer. Results: The sociodemographic and occupational profile predominantly associated with work accidents at the investigated company included: male gender, age 18 to 29 years old, white people, married or in stable union, with incomplete higher education, welders/assemblers and less than 5 years of work at the company. The most frequent types of injuries caused by accidents were fractures, dislocations, strains, contusions, excoriations, cuts and amputations. The most common causative agents were metal parts. The highest accident rates corresponded to 2008 and 2012, in which years economic recession hit the metal-mechanic segment. Conclusion: In addition to pointing to an economic sector with a high-risk work accident profile, the analyzed work accidents ­ the predominant consequence of which was leave for more than 15 days ­ might express a selective strategy from the company, which chose not to record less serious accidents.

Same-level fall injuries in US workplaces by age group, gender, and industry.

BACKGROUND: As the workforce ages, occupational injuries from falls on the same level will increase. Some industries may be more affected than others. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to estimate same-level fall injury incidence rates by age group, gender, and industry for four sectors: 1) healthcare and social assistance; 2) manufacturing; 3) retail; and 4) transportation and warehousing. We calculated rate ratios and rate differences by age group and gender. RESULTS: Same-level fall injury incidence rates increase with age in all four sectors. However, patterns of rate ratios and rate differences vary by age group, gender, and industry. Younger workers, men, and manufacturing workers generally have lower rates. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in incidence rates suggests there are unrealized opportunities to prevent same-level fall injuries. Interventions should be evaluated for their effectiveness at reducing injuries, avoiding gender- or age-discrimination and improving work ability.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle crashes and their injuries among the general and working populations.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the best available international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle collisions and their consequences among the working and general populations. METHODS: A broad and systematic review was conducted of the literature available in biomedical databases and grey literature. At least two investigators working in parallel performed data extraction, synthesis, and risk of bias analysis. RESULTS: Forty-one studies with low to moderate risk of bias were included. Of these, 18 had an ecological design (time series), 10 were quasi-experimental, one was a population survey, one was a randomized clinical trial, and 11 were systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions that most consistently show a positive effect on incidence, morbidity, and mortality due to motor vehicle collisions are national policies or programs that: regulate, enforce, and penalize driving under the influence of alcohol; improve driving safety and driver conditions; improve road infrastructure with the purpose of preventing collisions; and educate and penalize drivers with a history of road violations.

Prevalence and factors associated with work accidents in a metal-mechanic company.

BACKGROUND: Work accidents affect more than 700,000 workers in Brazil each year. Among the three economic sectors, industry is the one that contributes with most work accidents in the country. Metallurgical and metal-mechanic companies stand out within this sector as a function of the frequency of leaves resulting from work-related accidents and illnesses. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occupational profile and hazards associated with work accidents at a metal-mechanic company for the period from 2007 to 2015. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that analyzed data available in work accident report forms issued by the employer. RESULTS: Thesociodemographic and occupational profile predominantly associated with work accidents at the investigated company included: male gender, age 18 to 29 years old, white people, married or in stable union, with incomplete higher education, welders/assemblers and less than 5years of work at the company. The most frequent types of injuries caused by accidents were fractures, dislocations, strains, contusions, excoriations, cuts and amputations. The most common causative agents were metal parts. The highest accident rates corresponded to 2008 and 2012, in which years economic recession hit the metal-mechanic segment. CONCLUSION: In addition to pointing to an economic sector with a high-risk work accident profile, the analyzed work accidents - the predominant consequence of which was leave for more than 15 days - might express a selective strategy from the company, which chose not to record less serious accidents.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os acidentes de trabalho vitimam mais de 700 mil trabalhadores anualmente no Brasil. Dos três setores econômicos o maior responsável pelos acidentes de trabalho no país é o industrial. Dentro desse setor, a indústria metalúrgica e a metalmecânica se destacam pela proporção de afastamentos decorrentes de acidentes e agravos relacionados ao trabalho. OBJETIVO: Analisaros riscos ocupacionais existentes e o perfil associado aos acidentes de trabalho ocorridos em uma indústria do setor metalmecânico no período 2007 a 2015. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado em indústria a partir das análises dos dados das comunicações de acidentes de trabalho (CAT) emitidas pela empresa. RESULTADOS: O perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional predominante dos acidentados na indústria estudada foi o trabalhador do sexo masculino, entre 18 e 29 anos, caucasiano, casado ou em união estável, com nível superior incompleto, soldador/montador e com menos de 5 anos de serviço. As lesões mais frequentes produzidas pelos acidentes ocorridos no período estudado foram: fraturas, luxações, distensões, contusões, escoriações, cortes e amputações; e os agentes causadores mais comuns foram peças de metal. As maiores taxas de acidentes de trabalho ocorreram nos anos de 2008 e 2012, anos associados a períodos de recessão econômica que atingiram o setor metalmecânico. CONCLUSÃO: Os registros de acidentes estudados, no qual predominaram os afastamentos por mais de 15 dias, para além da indicação de um setor com perfil de riscos de acidentes graves, podem expressar uma estratégia seletiva patronal, que optou pela omissão do registro dos acidentes de menor gravidade.

Prevalência da lombalgia ocupacional em costureiras da cidade de Toritama/PE / Prevalence of occupational low back pain in seamstress from the city of Toritama/PE

A lombalgia atinge até 84% da população brasileira, causa frequente de morbidade e incapacidade representando um alto índice de absenteísmo no trabalho. As costureiras se mantêm sentadas por longos períodos de tempo, o que pode gerar danos laborais irreversíveis a longo prazo. Devido à falta de conhecimento do setor têxtil em relação aos riscos e danos que a atividade laboral pode apresentar é de suma importância destacar a prevalência da lombalgia nas costureiras nesse setor. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de lombalgia ocupacional em costureiras na cidade de Toritama/PE. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo no qual cartas de anuência foram enviadas as empresas participantes. As costureiras que participaram da pesquisa assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e podiam a qualquer momento retirar seu consentimento. Foi aplicado o Quebec Back Pain Disability Questionnaire para avaliar o quanto a dor lombar pode afetar as Atividades de Vida Diária, e para avaliação da intensidade da dor foi aplicada a Escala Visual Analógica. Este estudo identificou que 55,4% das costureiras avaliadas apresentaram lombalgia associada a um nível médio de dor de 2,64, tomando como parâmetro uma escala que varia de 0 a 10. Concluiu-se, desta forma, que há uma alta prevalência de dor lombar na população estudada. (AU)

Low back pain affects up to 84% of the population, and is a frequent cause of morbidity and disability with high rate of absenteeism at work. The seamstresses remain seated for long periods of time, which can cause irreversible long-term damage labor. Due to lack of knowledge of the textile sector in relation to the risks and damage that the work activity can provide, is important to highlight the prevalence of low back pain in the seamstresses in the industry. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of occupational low back pain in seamstresses in the city of Toritama/PE. This was a descriptive study in which consent letters of the participating companies were sent. The seamstresses who participated signed the Informed Consent and could at any time withdraw their consent. It was applied Quebec Back Pain Disability Questionnaire to assess how low back pain can affect the Activities of Daily Living, and for evaluation of pain intensity was applied the Visual Analogue Scale. This study found that 55.4% of the evaluated seamstresses showed low back pain associated with a mean level of 2.64 pain using as a parameter a scale ranging from 0 to 10. It was concluded, therefore, that there is a high prevalence of pain back in the studied population. (AU)

A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle crashes and their injuries among the general and working populations / Revisión sistemática de la efectividad de las intervenciones para reducir las colisiones de vehículos de motor y lesiones Asociados Resultantes en la población general y la población económicamente activa / Revisão sistemática da efetividade de intervenções para reduzir os acidentes de trânsito e ferimentos na população geral e na população ativa

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize the best available international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle collisions and their consequences among the working and general populations. Methods A broad and systematic review was conducted of the literature available in biomedical databases and grey literature. At least two investigators working in parallel performed data extraction, synthesis, and risk of bias analysis. Results Forty-one studies with low to moderate risk of bias were included. Of these, 18 had an ecological design (time series), 10 were quasi-experimental, one was a population survey, one was a randomized clinical trial, and 11 were systematic reviews. Conclusions The interventions that most consistently show a positive effect on incidence, morbidity, and mortality due to motor vehicle collisions are national policies or programs that: regulate, enforce, and penalize driving under the influence of alcohol; improve driving safety and driver conditions; improve road infrastructure with the purpose of preventing collisions; and educate and penalize drivers with a history of road violations.

RESUMEN Objetivo Resumir la mejor evidencia disponible a nivel internacional sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para reducir el número de colisiones de vehículos de motor y sus consecuencias en la población general y la población económicamente activa. Métodos Revisión amplia y sistemática de la bibliografía contenida en las bases de datos biomédicas y la literatura gris. Al menos dos investigadores trabajando en paralelo realizaron la extracción de datos, la síntesis y el análisis del riesgo de sesgo. Resultados Se incluyeron 41 estudios con un riesgo de sesgo bajo o moderado. De ellos, 18 tenían un diseño ecológico (series de tiempo), 10 eran cuasiexperimentales, 1 era una encuesta poblacional, 1 era un ensayo clínico aleatorizado y 11 eran revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusiones Las intervenciones que muestran más sistemáticamente un efecto positivo sobre la incidencia, la morbilidad y la mortalidad por colisiones de vehículos de motor son las políticas o programas nacionales que reglamentan, hacen cumplir los reglamentos y sancionan a quienes conducen bajo los efectos del alcohol; mejoran la seguridad al conducir y con respecto a los conductores; mejoran la infraestructura vial a fin de prevenir las colisiones; y educan y sancionan a los conductores con antecedentes de infracciones de las leyes de tránsito.

RESUMO Objetivo Sintetizar as melhores evidências científicas internacionais disponíveis sobre a efetividade das intervenções para reduzir os acidentes de trânsito e suas consequências na população geral e na população ativa. Métodos Foi realizada uma ampla revisão sistemática da literatura em bases de dados biomédicas e da literatura cinzenta. A extração e a síntese dos dados e a análise de risco de viés foram conduzidas em paralelo por, pelo menos, dois pesquisadores. Resultados Foram selecionados para análise 41 estudos com risco de viés baixo a moderado. Destes, 18 possuíam design ecológico (série temporal), 10 eram estudos quase-experimentais, um estudo era um levantamento populacional, um era um estudo clínico randomizado e 11 eram revisões sistemáticas. Conclusões As intervenções que sistematicamente demonstraram um efeito positivo na incidência, morbidade e mortalidade de acidentes de trânsito são as políticas ou programas nacionais para regulamentar, cumprir as leis e aplicar sanções aos condutores que dirigem sob influência de álcool, melhorar a segurança e condições para condução de veículos, melhorar a infraestrutura viária visando evitar acidentes e educar e multar os condutores com histórico de infrações.